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Multi-technique geochronology of intrusive and explosive activity on Piton des Neiges Volcano, Réunion Island

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Date
05/05/2022
Author
Famin, Vincent
Paquez, Camille
Danišík, Martin
Gardiner, Nicholas J.
Michon, Laurent
Kirkland, Christopher L.
Berthod, Carole
Friedrichs, Bjarne
Schmitt, Axel K.
Monié, Patrick
Keywords
Multi-technique geochronology
Ocean basalt volcano
Pluton growth
Plinian eruption
Terminal volcanic activity
Réunion Island
QE Geology
DAS
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Abstract
The construction of ocean island basaltic volcanoes consists of a succession of eruptions, intrusions, and metamorphism. These events are often temporally ill-constrained because the most widely used radiometric dating methods applicable to mafic volcanic rocks (K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar on whole rock or groundmass) are prone to inaccuracy when applied to slowly-cooled, altered, or vesicular and aphyric products. Here we adopt a multi-technique geochronology approach (including zircon U-Pb, phlogopite 40Ar/39Ar, zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He, and zircon double-dating) to demonstrate its efficacy when applied to basaltic volcanoes. Taking the main volcano of Réunion Island (Piton des Neiges) as a case study, we establish the time of the major plutonic, metamorphic, and explosive events that had resisted previous dating attempts. We document four stages of pluton emplacement and metamorphism at 2200 - 2000 ka, 1414 ± 8 ka, 665 ± 78 ka, and 150 - 110 ka, all coinciding with volcanism revival after quiescent intervals. We also date a major Plinian eruption at 188.2 ± 10.4 ka, coeval with the formation age of a large caldera, and, finally, we constrain the last eruption of Piton des Neiges to 27 ka, revising a previous estimate of 12 ka. By resolving several conundrums of Réunion's geological history, our multi-technique geochronology approach reveals that endogenous growth of a volcanic island proceeds as pulses at the beginning of renewed volcanism. We also demonstrate that cross-checking eruptions ages by diversified dating techniques is important to better assess the timing and recurrence of basaltic volcanic activity, with implications for hazard prediction.
Citation
Famin , V , Paquez , C , Danišík , M , Gardiner , N J , Michon , L , Kirkland , C L , Berthod , C , Friedrichs , B , Schmitt , A K & Monié , P 2022 , ' Multi-technique geochronology of intrusive and explosive activity on Piton des Neiges Volcano, Réunion Island ' , Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems , vol. 23 , no. 5 , e2021GC010214 . https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC010214
Publication
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC010214
ISSN
1525-2027
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Description
MD was supported by the AuScope NCRIS2 program, Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery funding scheme (DP160102427) and Curtin Research Fellowship. CP was supported by the company Austral Energy and by the ANRT CIFRE program (agreement n°2017/1175).
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25307

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