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BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinations, incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 hospitalisations in Scotland in the Delta era

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Shah_2022_JoGH_nCOVID_19_vaccinations_Scotland_Delta_CC.pdf (3.100Mb)
Date
23/09/2022
Author
Shah, Syed Ahmar
Robertson, Chris
Rudan, Igor
Murray, Josephine LK
McCowan, Colin
Grange, Zoe
Buelo, Audrey
Sullivan, Christopher
Simpson, Colin R
Ritchie, Lewis D
Sheikh, Aziz
Keywords
Adult
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
Young Adult
Aged
Incidence
Vaccination
COVID-19 - epidemiology - prevention & control
Humans
Hospitalization
SARS-CoV-2
Viral Vaccines
BNT162 Vaccine
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
3rd-DAS
AC
MCC
Metadata
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Abstract
The emergence of the B.1.617.2 Delta variant of concern was associated with increasing numbers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and COVID-19 hospital admissions. We aim to study national population level SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 associated hospitalisations by vaccination status to provide insight into the association of vaccination on temporal trends during the time in which the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant became dominant in Scotland. We used the Scotland-wide Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance (EAVE II) platform, covering the period when Delta was pervasive (May 01 to October 23, 2021). We performed a cohort analysis of every vaccine-eligible individual aged 20 or over from across Scotland. We determined the vaccination coverage, SARS-CoV-2 incidence rate and COVID-19 associated hospitalisations incidence rate. We then stratified those rates by age group, vaccination status (defined as "unvaccinated", "partially vaccinated" (1 dose), or "fully vaccinated" (2 doses)), vaccine type (BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), and coexisting conditions known to be associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes. During the follow-up of 4 183 022 individuals, there were 407 405 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases with 10 441 (2.6%) associated with a hospital admission. Those vaccinated with two doses (defined as fully vaccinated in the current study) of either vaccine had lower incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections and much lower incidence rates of COVID-19 associated hospitalisations than those unvaccinated in the Delta era in Scotland. Younger age groups were substantially more likely to get infected. In contrast, older age groups were much more likely to be hospitalised. The incidence rates stratified by coexisting conditions were broadly comparable with the overall age group patterns. This study suggests that national population level vaccination was associated with a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 associated hospitalisation in Scotland throughout the Delta era.
Citation
Shah , S A , Robertson , C , Rudan , I , Murray , J LK , McCowan , C , Grange , Z , Buelo , A , Sullivan , C , Simpson , C R , Ritchie , L D & Sheikh , A 2022 , ' BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinations, incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 hospitalisations in Scotland in the Delta era ' , Journal of Global Health , vol. 12 , 05008 . https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.05008
Publication
Journal of Global Health
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.05008
ISSN
2047-2986
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
Description
Funding: EAVE II is supported by the Medical Research Council (MR/R008345/1) with the support of BREATHE – The Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health, which is funded through the UK Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund [MC_PC_19004] and delivered through Health Data Research UK. Additional support has been provided through Public Health Scotland and Scottish Government DG Health and Social Care, the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research UK in partnership with the Office for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation (grant ref MC_PC_20058;) and the Lifelong Health and Well-being study as part of the National Core Studies (MC_PC_20030).
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URL
https://jogh.org/category/jogh/2022/
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25238

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