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A second planet transiting LTT 1445A and a determination of the masses of both worlds

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Date
01/04/2022
Author
Winters, Jennifer G.
Cloutier, Ryan
Medina, Amber A.
Irwin, Jonathan M.
Charbonneau, David
Astudillo-Defru, Nicola
Bonfils, Xavier
Howard, Andrew W.
Isaacson, Howard
Bean, Jacob L.
Seifahrt, Andreas
Teske, Johanna K.
Eastman, Jason D.
Twicken, Joseph D.
Collins, Karen A.
Jensen, Eric L. N.
Quinn, Samuel N.
Payne, Matthew J.
Kristiansen, Martti H.
Spencer, Alton
Vanderburg, Andrew
Zechmeister, Mathias
Weiss, Lauren M.
Wang, Sharon Xuesong
Wang, Gavin
Udry, Stéphane
Terentev, Ivan A.
Stürmer, Julian
Stefánsson, Gudmundur
Shporer, Avi
Shectman, Stephen
Sefako, Ramotholo
Schwengeler, Hans Martin
Schwarz, Richard P.
Scarsdale, Nicholas
Rubenzahl, Ryan A.
Roy, Arpita
Rosenthal, Lee J.
Robertson, Paul
Petigura, Erik A.
Pepe, Francesco
Omohundro, Mark
Murphy, Joseph M. Akana
Murgas, Felipe
Močnik, Teo
Montet, Benjamin T.
Mennickent, Ronald
Mayo, Andrew W.
Massey, Bob
Lubin, Jack
Lovis, Christophe
Lewin, Pablo
Kasper, David
Kane, Stephen R.
Jenkins, Jon M.
Huber, Daniel
Horne, Keith
Hill, Michelle L.
Gorrini, Paula
Giacalone, Steven
Fulton, Benjamin
Forveille, Thierry
Figueira, Pedro
Fetherolf, Tara
Dressing, Courtney
Díaz, Rodrigo F.
Delfosse, Xavier
Dalba, Paul A.
Dai, Fei
Cortés, C. C.
Crossfield, Ian J. M.
Crane, Jeffrey D.
Conti, Dennis M.
Collins, Kevin I.
Chontos, Ashley
Butler, R. Paul
Brown, Peyton
Brady, Madison
Behmard, Aida
Beard, Corey
Batalha, Natalie M.
Almenara, Jose-Manuel
Funder
Science & Technology Facilities Council
Grant ID
ST/R00824/1
Keywords
QC Physics
QB Astronomy
3rd-DAS
MCC
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Abstract
LTT 1445 is a hierarchical triple M-dwarf star system located at a distance of 6.86 pc. The primary star LTT 1445A (0.257 M⊙) is known to host the transiting planet LTT 1445Ab with an orbital period of 5.36 days, making it the second-closest known transiting exoplanet system, and the closest one for which the host is an M dwarf. Using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite data, we present the discovery of a second planet in the LTT 1445 system, with an orbital period of 3.12 days. We combine radial-velocity measurements obtained from the five spectrographs, Echelle Spectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations, High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher, High-Resolution Echelle Spectrometer, MAROON-X, and Planet Finder Spectrograph to establish that the new world also orbits LTT 1445A. We determine the mass and radius of LTT 1445Ab to be 2.87 ± 0.25 M⊕ and 1.304-0.060+0.067 R⊕, consistent with an Earth-like composition. For the newly discovered LTT 1445Ac, we measure a mass of 1.54-0.19+0.20 M⊕ and a minimum radius of 1.15 R⊕, but we cannot determine the radius directly as the signal-to-noise ratio of our light curve permits both grazing and nongrazing configurations. Using MEarth photometry and ground-based spectroscopy, we establish that star C (0.161 M⊙) is likely the source of the 1.4 day rotation period, and star B (0.215 M⊙) has a likely rotation period of 6.7 days. We estimate a probable rotation period of 85 days for LTT 1445A. Thus, this triple M-dwarf system appears to be in a special evolutionary stage where the most massive M dwarf has spun down, the intermediate mass M dwarf is in the process of spinning down, while the least massive stellar component has not yet begun to spin down.
Citation
Winters , J G , Cloutier , R , Medina , A A , Irwin , J M , Charbonneau , D , Astudillo-Defru , N , Bonfils , X , Howard , A W , Isaacson , H , Bean , J L , Seifahrt , A , Teske , J K , Eastman , J D , Twicken , J D , Collins , K A , Jensen , E L N , Quinn , S N , Payne , M J , Kristiansen , M H , Spencer , A , Vanderburg , A , Zechmeister , M , Weiss , L M , Wang , S X , Wang , G , Udry , S , Terentev , I A , Stürmer , J , Stefánsson , G , Shporer , A , Shectman , S , Sefako , R , Schwengeler , H M , Schwarz , R P , Scarsdale , N , Rubenzahl , R A , Roy , A , Rosenthal , L J , Robertson , P , Petigura , E A , Pepe , F , Omohundro , M , Murphy , J M A , Murgas , F , Močnik , T , Montet , B T , Mennickent , R , Mayo , A W , Massey , B , Lubin , J , Lovis , C , Lewin , P , Kasper , D , Kane , S R , Jenkins , J M , Huber , D , Horne , K , Hill , M L , Gorrini , P , Giacalone , S , Fulton , B , Forveille , T , Figueira , P , Fetherolf , T , Dressing , C , Díaz , R F , Delfosse , X , Dalba , P A , Dai , F , Cortés , C C , Crossfield , I J M , Crane , J D , Conti , D M , Collins , K I , Chontos , A , Butler , R P , Brown , P , Brady , M , Behmard , A , Beard , C , Batalha , N M & Almenara , J-M 2022 , ' A second planet transiting LTT 1445A and a determination of the masses of both worlds ' , Astronomical Journal , vol. 163 , no. 4 , 168 . https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac50a9
Publication
Astronomical Journal
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac50a9
ISSN
0004-6256
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2022. The Author(s). Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Description
K.H. acknowledges support from STFC grant ST/R000824/1.
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25100

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