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Rapid assembly and eruption of a shallow silicic magma reservoir, Reyðarártindur Pluton, southeast Iceland

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Date
08/11/2021
Author
Rhodes, E. L.
Barker, A. K.
Burchardt, S.
Hieronymus, C. F.
Rousku, S. N.
McGarvie, D. W.
Mattsson, T.
Schmiedel, T.
Ronchin, E.
Witcher, T.
Keywords
Volcanic-plutonic connection
Magma mixing
Magma chamber
Eruption trigger
Conduit
GB Physical geography
DAS
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Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that shallow silicic magma reservoirs exist, and can feed eruptions, their dynamics and longevity are a topic of debate. Here, we use field mapping, geochemistry, 3D pluton reconstruction and a thermal model to investigate the assembly and eruptive history of the shallow Reyoarartindur Pluton, southeast Iceland. Primarily, the exposed pluton is constructed of a single rock unit, the Main Granite (69.9-77.7 wt.% SiO2). Two further units are locally exposed as enclaves at the base of the exposure, the Granite Enclaves (67.4-70.2 wt.% SiO2), and the Quartz Monzonite Enclaves (61.8-67.3 wt.% SiO2). Geochemically, the units are related and were likely derived from the same source reservoir. In 3D, the pluton has a shape characterized by flat roof segments that are vertically offset and a volume of >2.5 km3. The pluton roof is intruded by dikes from the pluton, and in two locations displays depressions associated with large dikes. Within these particular dikes the rock is partially to wholly tuffisitic, and rock compositions range from quartz monzonite to granite. We interpret these zones as eruption-feeding conduits from the pluton. A lack of cooling contacts throughout the pluton indicates rapid magma emplacement and a thermal model calculates the top 75 m would have rheologically locked up within 1,000 years. Hence, we argue that the Reyoarartindur Pluton was an ephemeral part of the wider plumbing system that feeds a volcano, and that timeframes from emplacement to eruption were rapid.
Citation
Rhodes , E L , Barker , A K , Burchardt , S , Hieronymus , C F , Rousku , S N , McGarvie , D W , Mattsson , T , Schmiedel , T , Ronchin , E & Witcher , T 2021 , ' Rapid assembly and eruption of a shallow silicic magma reservoir, Reyðarártindur Pluton, southeast Iceland ' , Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems , vol. 22 , no. 11 , e2021GC009999 . https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC009999
Publication
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC009999
ISSN
1525-2027
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2021. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Description
Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation). Grant Number: KAW 2017.0153 Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (KVA). Grant Number: GS2019–0024 Center of Natural Hazards and Disaster Science.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/24511

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