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dc.contributor.authorYebra, Gonzalo
dc.contributor.authorHaag, Andreas F.
dc.contributor.authorNeamah, Maan M.
dc.contributor.authorWee, Bryan A.
dc.contributor.authorRichardson, Emily J.
dc.contributor.authorHorcajo, Pilar
dc.contributor.authorGranneman, Sander
dc.contributor.authorTormo-Más, María Ángeles
dc.contributor.authorde la Fuente, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorFitzgerald, J. Ross
dc.contributor.authorPenadés, José R.
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-01T15:30:09Z
dc.date.available2021-12-01T15:30:09Z
dc.date.issued2021-05-20
dc.identifier.citationYebra , G , Haag , A F , Neamah , M M , Wee , B A , Richardson , E J , Horcajo , P , Granneman , S , Tormo-Más , M Á , de la Fuente , R , Fitzgerald , J R & Penadés , J R 2021 , ' Radical genome remodelling accompanied the emergence of a novel host-restricted bacterial pathogen ' , PLoS Pathogens , vol. 17 , no. 5 , e1009606 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009606en
dc.identifier.issn1553-7366
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 276904588
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: e4c372ad-27c1-4e5c-876a-df7f0dac79c9
dc.identifier.otherRIS: urn:355F6570245FCC1F30211484AA19424B
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85106477574
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-6783-0231/work/104252949
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/24459
dc.descriptionFunding: This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (https://bbsrc.ukri.org/) (project grant BB/K00638X/1 and institute strategic grant funding ISP2 BB/P013740/1 to J.R.F.); the Medical Research Council (https://mrc.ukri.org/) (grant MR/N02995X/1 to J.R.F); and the Wellcome Trust (https://wellcome.org/) (collaborative award 201531/Z/16/Z to J.R.F. and J.R.P.).en
dc.description.abstractThe emergence of new pathogens is a major threat to public and veterinary health. Changes in bacterial habitat such as a switch in host or disease tropism are typically accompanied by genetic diversification. Staphylococcus aureus is a multi-host bacterial species associated with human and livestock infections. A microaerophilic subspecies, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius, is responsible for Morel’s disease, a lymphadenitis restricted to sheep and goats. However, the evolutionary history of S. aureus subsp. anaerobius and its relatedness to S. aureus are unknown. Population genomic analyses of clinical S. aureus subsp. anaerobius isolates revealed a highly conserved clone that descended from a S. aureus progenitor about 1000 years ago before differentiating into distinct lineages that contain African and European isolates. S. aureus subsp. anaerobius has undergone limited clonal expansion, with a restricted population size, and an evolutionary rate 10-fold slower than S. aureus. The transition to its current restricted ecological niche involved acquisition of a pathogenicity island encoding a ruminant host-specific effector of abscess formation, large chromosomal re-arrangements, and the accumulation of at least 205 pseudogenes, resulting in a highly fastidious metabolism. Importantly, expansion of ~87 insertion sequences (IS) located largely in intergenic regions provided distinct mechanisms for the control of expression of flanking genes, including a novel mechanism associated with IS-mediated anti-anti-sense decoupling of ancestral gene repression. Our findings reveal the remarkable evolutionary trajectory of a host-restricted bacterial pathogen that resulted from extensive remodelling of the S. aureus genome through an array of diverse mechanisms in parallel.
dc.format.extent23
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofPLoS Pathogensen
dc.rightsCopyright: © 2021 Yebra et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en
dc.subjectQR Microbiologyen
dc.subjectDASen
dc.subjectSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingen
dc.subject.lccQRen
dc.titleRadical genome remodelling accompanied the emergence of a novel host-restricted bacterial pathogenen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.description.versionPublisher PDFen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Medicineen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009606
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden


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