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dc.contributor.authorCrick, Laura
dc.contributor.authorBurke, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorHutchison, William
dc.contributor.authorKohno, Mika
dc.contributor.authorMoore, Kathryn A.
dc.contributor.authorSavarino, Joel
dc.contributor.authorDoyle, Emily A.
dc.contributor.authorMahony, Sue
dc.contributor.authorKipfstuhl, Sepp
dc.contributor.authorRae, James W. B.
dc.contributor.authorSteele, Robert C. J.
dc.contributor.authorSparks, R. Stephen J.
dc.contributor.authorWolff, Eric W.
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-18T16:30:13Z
dc.date.available2021-10-18T16:30:13Z
dc.date.issued2021-10-18
dc.identifier.citationCrick , L , Burke , A , Hutchison , W , Kohno , M , Moore , K A , Savarino , J , Doyle , E A , Mahony , S , Kipfstuhl , S , Rae , J W B , Steele , R C J , Sparks , R S J & Wolff , E W 2021 , ' New insights into the ~74 ka Toba eruption from sulfur isotopes of polar ice cores ' , Climate of the Past , vol. 17 , no. 5 , pp. 2119–2137 . https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2119-2021en
dc.identifier.issn1814-9324
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 276180107
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 55859f3f-3b24-4ec0-bc12-0e6b6a25ef46
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-3754-1498/work/101958900
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0003-3904-2526/work/101958903
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0003-1406-6855/work/101958980
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85117364015
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 000709434600001
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/24161
dc.descriptionLC is funded by the University of St Andrews St Leonards 7th Century Scholarship (-117THCENT01) in partnership with the IAPETUS Natural Environment Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership. AB is funded by a European Research Council (ERC) Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (CIG14-631752) and NERC Strategic Environmental Science Capital Call (CC082). WH is funded by a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship (MR/S033505/1). MK was funded through DFG-Project Wo 362 /32-1 and Wo 362/46-1,2 to G. Wörner at GZG, University Göttingen. RSJS is funded by a Leverhulme Grant (RPG-2015-246) and Leverhulme Emeritus Fellowship (EM-2018-050) and EWW is funded by a Royal Society Professorship.en
dc.description.abstractThe ∼74 ka Toba eruption was one of the largest volcanic events of the Quaternary. There is much interest in determining the impact of such a large event, particularly on the climate and hominid populations at the time. Although the Toba eruption has been identified in both land and marine archives as the Youngest Toba Tuff, its precise place in the ice core record is ambiguous. Several volcanic sulfate signals have been identified in both Antarctic and Greenland ice cores and span the Toba eruption 40Ar/39Ar age uncertainty. Here, we measure sulfur isotope compositions in Antarctic ice samples from the Dome C (EDC) and Dronning Maud Land (EDML) ice cores at high temporal resolution across 11 of these potential Toba sulfate peaks to identify candidates with sulfur mass-independent fractionation (S-MIF), indicative of an eruption whose plume reached altitudes at or above the stratospheric ozone layer. Using this method, we identify several candidate sulfate peaks that contain stratospheric sulfur. We further narrow down potential candidates based on the isotope signatures by identifying sulfate peaks that are due to a volcanic event at tropical latitudes. In one of these sulfate peaks at 73.67 ka, we find the largest ever reported magnitude of S-MIF in volcanic sulfate in polar ice, with a Δ33S value of −4.75 ‰. As there is a positive correlation between the magnitude of the S-MIF signal recorded in ice cores and eruptive plume height, this could be a likely candidate for the Toba super-eruption, with a plume top height in excess of 45 km. These results support the 73.7±0.3 ka (1σ) 40Ar/39Ar age estimate for the eruption, with ice core ages of our candidates with the largest magnitude S-MIF at 73.67 and 73.74 ka. Finally, since these candidate eruptions occurred on the transition into Greenland Stadial 20, the relative timing suggests that Toba was not the trigger for the large Northern Hemisphere cooling at this time although we cannot rule out an amplifying effect.
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofClimate of the Pasten
dc.rightsCopyright © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.en
dc.subjectGE Environmental Sciencesen
dc.subjectDASen
dc.subjectSDG 13 - Climate Actionen
dc.subjectSDG 14 - Life Below Wateren
dc.subject.lccGEen
dc.titleNew insights into the ~74 ka Toba eruption from sulfur isotopes of polar ice coresen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.contributor.sponsorEuropean Commissionen
dc.contributor.sponsorNERCen
dc.contributor.sponsorMedical Research Councilen
dc.description.versionPublisher PDFen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciencesen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. St Andrews Isotope Geochemistryen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. Centre for Energy Ethicsen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2119-2021
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.identifier.grantnumberPCIG14-GA-2013-631752en
dc.identifier.grantnumberCC082en
dc.identifier.grantnumberMR/S033505/1en


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