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Emplacement and segment geometry of large, high-viscosity magmatic sheets

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Date
11/10/2021
Author
Schmiedel, Tobias
Burchardt, Steffi
Mattsson, Tobias
Guldstrand, Frank
Galland, Olivier
Palma, Joaquín Octavio
Skogby, Henrik
Keywords
Magma transport
High-viscosity dykes
Shallow crust
Igneous
Sills
Chachahuen volcano
Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS)
Magma flow indicator
QE Geology
DAS
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Abstract
Understanding magma transport in sheet intrusions is crucial to interpreting volcanic unrest. Studies of dyke emplacement and geometry focus predominantly on low-viscosity, mafic dykes. Here, we present an in-depth study of two high-viscosity dykes (106 Pa·s) in the Chachahuén volcano, Argentina, the Great Dyke and the Sosa Dyke. To quantify dyke geometries, magma flow indicators, and magma viscosity, we combine photogrammetry, microstructural analysis, igneous petrology, Fourier-Transform-Infrared-Spectroscopy, and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS). Our results show that the dykes consist of 3 to 8 mappable segments up to 2 km long. Segments often end in a bifurcation, and segment tips are predominantly oval, but elliptical tips occur in the outermost segments of the Great Dyke. Furthermore, variations in host rocks have no observable impact on dyke geometry. AMS fabrics and other flow indicators in the Sosa Dyke show lateral magma flow in contrast to the vertical flow suggested by the segment geometries. A comparison with segment geometries of low-viscosity dykes shows that our high-viscosity dykes follow the same geometrical trend. In fact, the data compilation supports that dyke segment and tip geometries reflect different stages in dyke emplacement, questioning the current usage for final sheet geometries as proxies for emplacement mechanism.
Citation
Schmiedel , T , Burchardt , S , Mattsson , T , Guldstrand , F , Galland , O , Palma , J O & Skogby , H 2021 , ' Emplacement and segment geometry of large, high-viscosity magmatic sheets ' , Minerals , vol. 11 , no. 10 , e1113 . https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101113
Publication
Minerals
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101113
ISSN
2075-163X
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
Description
This project and Tobias Schmiedel are funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through a Wallenberg Academy Fellow grant to Steffi Burchardt (grant No. KAW 2017.0153).
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/24159

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