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dc.contributor.authorXiao, Han-Wen
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Yan-Bo
dc.contributor.authorChang, Yu-Hang
dc.contributor.authorChen, Yun
dc.contributor.authorAbbott, Richard J.
dc.contributor.authorWei, Yu-Kun
dc.contributor.authorMa, Yong-Peng
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-30T10:30:07Z
dc.date.available2021-09-30T10:30:07Z
dc.date.issued2021-07-26
dc.identifier.citationXiao , H-W , Huang , Y-B , Chang , Y-H , Chen , Y , Abbott , R J , Wei , Y-K & Ma , Y-P 2021 , ' Occurrence and prevention of delayed autonomous selfing in Salvia umbratica (Lamiaceae) ' , Frontiers in Plant Science , vol. 12 , 635310 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.635310en
dc.identifier.issn1664-462X
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 276086132
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: ac1e4c9d-5ae0-479d-867f-7ac568017774
dc.identifier.otherJisc: 7b673ba998f5406fb84dcdf7b338229e
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85112205046
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 000683062000001
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10023/24062
dc.descriptionThis work was supported by Specific Project for Strategic Biological Resources and Technology Supporting System from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. ZSZY-001), Chenshan Special Foundations from Shanghai Municipal Administration of Forestation and City Appearances (Nos. G162408, G172410, and G182409), the Science and Technology Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (No. 20392000600), the Reserve Talents for Academic and Technical Leaders of Middle-aged and Young People in Yunnan Province (Grant No. 2018HB066), and Ten Thousand Talent Program of Yunnan Province (Grant No. YNWR-QNBJ-2018-174).en
dc.description.abstractDelayed autonomous selfing (DAS) provides reproductive assurance under conditions of pollinator and/or pollen-limitation. Few plant species have been investigated to determine if DAS is terminated when a flower is sufficiently pollinated by a pollen vector, thereby saving plant resources for other purposes. We examined this possibility in bumblebee-pollinated Salvia umbratica. We first showed that DAS resulting in high fruit set (100%) and seed set (>80%) per flower occurred in the absence of insect pollinators by means of style recurvature and was completed in 94% of flowers 72 h after they opened. In contrast, in flowers pollinated immediately after opening, DAS was prevented by corollas dropping away before styles recurve toward the upper thecae. We next showed that hand-pollination of flowers immediately after they opened resulted in high fruit set (100%) and seed set (>80%) when 5–10 pollen grains or more were deposited on their stigmas, whereas fruit set and seed set were reduced to 45.00 and 22.50%, respectively, when pollen loads were reduced to 1–3 pollen grains. Finally, we showed that on average single pollinator visits deposited 26 pollen grains on stigmas of flowers that had just opened, which is more than enough to ensure high fruit and seed set. Our results indicate that flower longevity is highly correlated with the pollinator environment and female fitness of S. umbratica, with extended flower longevity allowing DAS to occur being advantageous when pollinators are absent, while reduced floral longevity and prevention of DAS being favored when flowers are pollinated by pollinators. Thus, flower longevity in S. umbratica varies so as to optimize reproductive output and resource efforts, and is dependent on the availability and effectiveness of pollinators to pollinate flowers.
dc.format.extent10
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in Plant Scienceen
dc.rightsCopyright © 2021 Xiao, Huang, Chang, Chen, Abbott, Wei and Ma. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.en
dc.subjectPlant Scienceen
dc.subjectDelayed self-pollinationen
dc.subjectPollen-limitationen
dc.subjectRecurving stylesen
dc.subjectSeed seten
dc.subjectSalviaen
dc.subjectLamiaceaeen
dc.subjectFloral longevityen
dc.subjectResource useen
dc.subjectQK Botanyen
dc.subjectDASen
dc.subjectNISen
dc.subject.lccQKen
dc.titleOccurrence and prevention of delayed autonomous selfing in Salvia umbratica (Lamiaceae)en
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.description.versionPublisher PDFen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Biologyen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.635310
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden


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