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How do the grain size characteristics of a tephra deposit change over time?

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Date
12/06/2021
Author
Cutler, Nick
Streeter, Richard T.
Dugmore, Andrew
Sear, E.R.
Keywords
Laser particle size analysis
Taphonomy
Mount St Helens 1980
Tephra grain size distributions
GB Physical geography
NDAS
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Abstract
Volcanologists frequently use grain size distributions (GSDs) in tephra layers to infer eruption parameters. However, for long-past eruptions, the accuracy of the reconstruction depends upon the correspondence between the initial tephra deposit and preserved tephra layer on which inferences are based. We ask: how closely does the GSD of a decades-old tephra layer resemble the deposit from which it originated? We addressed this question with a study of the tephra layer produced by the eruption of Mount St Helens, USA, in May 1980. We compared grain size distributions from the fresh, undisturbed tephra with grain size measurements from the surviving tephra layer. We found that the overall grain size characteristics of the tephra layer were similar to the original deposit, and that distinctive features identified by earlier authors had been preserved. However, detailed analysis of our samples showed qualitative differences, specifically a loss of fine material (which we attributed to ‘winnowing’). Understanding how tephra deposits are transformed over time is critical to efforts to reconstruct past eruptions, but inherently difficult to study. We propose long-term, tephra application experiments as a potential way forward.
Citation
Cutler , N , Streeter , R T , Dugmore , A & Sear , E R 2021 , ' How do the grain size characteristics of a tephra deposit change over time? ' , Bulletin of Volcanology , vol. 83 , no. 7 , 45 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01469-w
Publication
Bulletin of Volcanology
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01469-w
ISSN
0258-8900
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
Description
Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation of America through grant 1202692 ‘Comparative Island Ecodynamics in the North Atlantic’ and grant 1249313 ‘Tephra layers and early warning signals for critical transitions’ (both to AJD).
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URL
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00445-021-01469-w#Sec6
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23394

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