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A comparative perspective on three primate species’ responses to a pictorial emotional Stroop task

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Date
24/02/2021
Author
Hopper, Lydia M.
Allritz, Matthias
Egelkamp, Crystal L.
Huskisson, Sarah M.
Jacobson, Sarah L.
Leinwand, Jesse G.
Ross, Stephen R.
Keywords
Affect
Attentional bias
Cognitive bias
Emotions
Snake detectin theory
Stroop effect
Touchscreen
Welfare
Zoo
BF Psychology
DAS
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Abstract
The Stroop effect describes interference in cognitive processing due to competing cognitive demands. Presenting emotionally laden stimuli creates similar Stroop-like effects that result from participants’ attention being drawn to distractor stimuli. Here, we adapted the methods of a pictorial Stroop study for use with chimpanzees (N = 6), gorillas (N = 7), and Japanese macaques (N = 6). We tested all subjects via touchscreens following the same protocol. Ten of the 19 subjects passed pre-test training. Subjects who reached criterion were then tested on a standard color-interference Stroop test, which revealed differential accuracy in the primates’ responses across conditions. Next, to test for an emotional Stroop effect, we presented subjects with photographs that were either positively valenced (a preferred food) or negatively valenced (snakes). In the emotional Stroop task, as predicted, the primates were less accurate in trials which presented emotionally laden stimuli as compared to control trials, but there were differences in the apes’ and monkeys’ response patterns. Furthermore, for both Stroop tests, while we found that subjects’ accuracy rates were reduced by test stimuli, in contrast to previous research, we found no difference across trial types in the subjects’ response latencies across conditions.
Citation
Hopper , L M , Allritz , M , Egelkamp , C L , Huskisson , S M , Jacobson , S L , Leinwand , J G & Ross , S R 2021 , ' A comparative perspective on three primate species’ responses to a pictorial emotional Stroop task ' , Animals , vol. 11 , no. 3 , 588 . https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030588
Publication
Animals
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030588
ISSN
2076-2615
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Description
This study was also supported (in part) by a grant from The David Bohnett Foundation, the Leo S. Guthman Fund, the Chauncey and Marion Deering McCormick Foundation, and, at the time of writing, L.M.H. was supported by the Women’s Board of Lincoln Park Zoo.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21650

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