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How to detect and reduce potential sources of biases in studies of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

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Accorsi_2021_EJE_detect_reduce_CC.pdf (1.324Mb)
Date
25/02/2021
Author
Accorsi, Emma K
Qiu, Xueting
Rumpler, Eva
Kennedy-Shaffer, Lee
Kahn, Rebecca
Joshi, Keya
Goldstein, Edward
Stensrud, Mats J
Niehus, Rene
Cevik, Muge
Lipsitch, Marc
Keywords
COVID-19
Epidemiological biases
Measurement error
Misclassification
Observational data
Selection bias
QA Mathematics
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
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Abstract
In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, public health scientists have produced a large and rapidly expanding body of literature that aims to answer critical questions, such as the proportion of the population in a geographic area that has been infected; the transmissibility of the virus and factors associated with high infectiousness or susceptibility to infection; which groups are the most at risk of infection, morbidity and mortality; and the degree to which antibodies confer protection to re-infection. Observational studies are subject to a number of different biases, including confounding, selection bias, and measurement error, that may threaten their validity or influence the interpretation of their results. To assist in the critical evaluation of a vast body of literature and contribute to future study design, we outline and propose solutions to biases that can occur across different categories of observational studies of COVID-19. We consider potential biases that could occur in five categories of studies: (1) cross-sectional seroprevalence, (2) longitudinal seroprotection, (3) risk factor studies to inform interventions, (4) studies to estimate the secondary attack rate, and (5) studies that use secondary attack rates to make inferences about infectiousness and susceptibility.
Citation
Accorsi , E K , Qiu , X , Rumpler , E , Kennedy-Shaffer , L , Kahn , R , Joshi , K , Goldstein , E , Stensrud , M J , Niehus , R , Cevik , M & Lipsitch , M 2021 , ' How to detect and reduce potential sources of biases in studies of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ' , European Journal of Epidemiology . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-021-00727-7
Publication
European Journal of Epidemiology
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-021-00727-7
ISSN
0393-2990
Type
Journal item
Rights
Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Description
Funding: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (award number T32AI007535), the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (award number U54GM088558), the Morris-Singer Fund, and the National Institutes of Health (cooperative agreement U01 CA261277).
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21627

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