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Exploring the possibility of using fluorine involved non-conjugated electron- withdrawing groups for thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters by TD-DFT calculation

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Date
21/01/2021
Author
Chen, Dongyang
Zysman-Colman, Eli
Funder
EPSRC
Grant ID
EP/P010482/1
Keywords
TADF
DFT calculation
Spin-orbit coupling
Trifluoromethoxy
Trifluoromethylthio
Pentafluorosulfranyl
QD Chemistry
DAS
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Abstract
The trifluoromethyl group has been previously explored as a non-conjugated electron-withdrawing group in donor-acceptor thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. In the present study, we investigate computationally the potential of other fluorinecontaining acceptors, trifluoromethoxy (OCF3), trifluoromethylthio (SCF3), and pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5), within two families of donor-acceptor TADF emitters. Time dependent density functional theory calculations indicate that when only two ortho-disposed carbazole donors are used (Type I molecules), the lowest-lying triplet state possesses locally excited (LE) character while the lowest-lying singlet state possesses charge-transfer character. When five carbazole donors are present in the emitter design (Type II molecules), now both S1 and T1 states possess CT character. For molecules 2CzOCF3 and 5CzOCF3 , the singlet energies are predicted to be 3.92 eV and 3.45 eV; however, the singlet-triplet energy gaps, ΔESTs, are predicted to be large at 0.46 eV, and 0.37 eV, respectively. The compounds 2CzCF3 , 2CzSCF3 , and 2CzSF5 , from Type I molecules, show significant promise as deep blue TADF emitters, possessing high calculated singlet energies in the gas phase (3.62 eV, 3.66 eV, and 3.51 eV, respectively) and small, ΔESTs, of 0.17 eV, 0.22 eV, and 0.07 eV, respectively. For compounds 5CzSCF3 and 5CzSF5 , from Type II molecules, the singlet energies are stabilized to 3.24 eV and 3.00 eV, respectively, while ΔESTs are 0.27 eV and 0.12 eV respectively, thus both show promise as blue or sky-blue TADF emitters. All these six molecules possess a dense number of intermediate excited states between S1 and T1, thus likely leading to a very efficient reverse intersystem crossing in this compound.
Citation
Chen , D & Zysman-Colman , E 2021 , ' Exploring the possibility of using fluorine involved non-conjugated electron- withdrawing groups for thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters by TD-DFT calculation ' , Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry , vol. 17 , pp. 210-223 . https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.21
Publication
Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.21
ISSN
1860-5397
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2021 Chen and Zysman-Colman; licensee Beilstein-Institut. This is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). Please note that the reuse, redistribution and reproduction in particular requires that the author(s) and source are credited and that individual graphics may be subject to special legal provisions.
Description
Dongyang Chen thanks the China Scholarship Council (201603780001). We acknowledge support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom (grant EP/P010482/1).
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21325

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