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dc.contributor.authorHenderson, Angela
dc.contributor.authorMcskimming, Paula
dc.contributor.authorKinnear, Deborah
dc.contributor.authorMcCowan, Colin
dc.contributor.authorMcIntosh, Alasdair
dc.contributor.authorAllan, Linda
dc.contributor.authorCooper, Sally Ann
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-24T15:30:02Z
dc.date.available2020-09-24T15:30:02Z
dc.date.issued2020-09-10
dc.identifier270327633
dc.identifierbbeb18dd-5c77-4276-9bf5-895132cf9d4c
dc.identifier85090817309
dc.identifier32912946
dc.identifier000573031900006
dc.identifier.citationHenderson , A , Mcskimming , P , Kinnear , D , McCowan , C , McIntosh , A , Allan , L & Cooper , S A 2020 , ' Changes over a decade in psychotropic prescribing for people with intellectual disabilities : prospective cohort study ' , BMJ Open , vol. 10 , no. 9 , e036862 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036862en
dc.identifier.issn2044-6055
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-9466-833X/work/80995392
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/20681
dc.descriptionFunding: the study was funded by the Greater Glasgow Health Board, the Scottish Government via the Scottish Learning Disabilities Observatory and the UK Medical Research Council (grant number: MC_PC_17217).en
dc.description.abstractObjective: To investigate psychotropic prescribing in the intellectual disabilities population over 10 years, and associated mental ill health diagnoses. DESIGN: Comparison of cross-sectional data in 2002-2004 (T1) and 2014 (T2). Longitudinal cohort study with detailed health assessments at T1 and record linkage to T2 prescribing data. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: 1190 adults with intellectual disabilities in T1 compared with 3906 adults with intellectual disabilities in T2. 545/1190 adults with intellectual disabilities in T1 were alive and their records linked to T2 prescribing data. Main Outcome Measures: Encashed regular and as-required psychotropic prescriptions. Results: 50.7% (603/1190) of adults in T1 and 48.2% (1881/3906) in T2 were prescribed at least one psychotropic; antipsychotics: 24.5% (292/1190) in T1 and 16.7% (653/3906) in T2; antidepressants: 11.2% (133/1190) in T1 and 19.1% (746/3906) in T2. 21.2% (62/292) prescribed antipsychotics in T1 had psychosis or bipolar disorder, 33.2% (97/292) had no mental ill health or problem behaviours, 20.6% (60/292) had problem behaviours but no psychosis or bipolar disorder. Psychotropics increased from 47.0% (256/545) in T1 to 57.8% (315/545) in T2 (p<0.001): antipsychotics did not change (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.87 to 1.60; p=0.280), there was an increase for antidepressants (OR 2.80; 95% CI 1.96 to 4.00; p<0.001), hypnotics/anxiolytics (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.34 to 3.61; p=0.002), and antiepileptics (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.84; p=0.017). Antipsychotic prescribing increased for people with problem behaviours in T1 (OR 6.45; 95% CI 4.41 to 9.45; p<0.001), more so than for people with other mental ill health in T1 (OR 4.11; 95% CI 2.76 to 6.11; p<0.001). Conclusions: Despite concerns about antipsychotic prescribing and guidelines recommending their withdrawal, it appears that while fewer antipsychotic prescriptions were initiated by T2 than in T1, people were not withdrawn from them once commenced. People with problem behaviours had increased prescribing. There was also a striking increase in antidepressant prescriptions. Adults with intellectual disabilities need frequent and careful medication reviews.
dc.format.extent9
dc.format.extent574069
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofBMJ Openen
dc.subjectAdult psychiatryen
dc.subjectClinical pharmacologyen
dc.subjectDepression & mood disordersen
dc.subjectMental healthen
dc.subjectPsychiatryen
dc.subjectSchizophrenia & psychotic disordersen
dc.subjectBF Psychologyen
dc.subjectR Medicineen
dc.subjectMedicine(all)en
dc.subject3rd-NDASen
dc.subjectSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingen
dc.subject.lccBFen
dc.subject.lccRen
dc.titleChanges over a decade in psychotropic prescribing for people with intellectual disabilities : prospective cohort studyen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.contributor.sponsorMedical Research Councilen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Medicineen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. Sir James Mackenzie Institute for Early Diagnosisen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Divisionen
dc.identifier.doi10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036862
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.identifier.grantnumberMC_PC_17217en


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