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dc.contributor.authorShorland, Gladez
dc.contributor.authorGenty, Emilie
dc.contributor.authorGuéry, Jean-Pascal
dc.contributor.authorZuberbühler, Klaus
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-09T11:30:05Z
dc.date.available2020-09-09T11:30:05Z
dc.date.issued2020-08-28
dc.identifier.citationShorland , G , Genty , E , Guéry , J-P & Zuberbühler , K 2020 , ' Investigating self-recognition in bonobos : mirror exposure reduces looking time to self but not unfamiliar conspecifics ' , PeerJ , vol. 8 , e9685 . https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9685en
dc.identifier.issn2167-8359
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 269224823
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: f1fd229c-6183-4c5a-990e-a966e01cc339
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0001-8378-088X/work/80257438
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 000563710000003
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85091523061
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/20592
dc.descriptionThe research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 283871 and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Social learning in primate communication: 31003A_166458 / Coordinating joint action in apes: Testing the boundaries of the human interaction engine: CR31I3_159655).en
dc.description.abstractThe question of whether animals have some sort ofself-awareness is a topic of continued debate. A necessary precondition forself-awareness is the ability to visually discriminate the self from others,which has traditionally been investigated through mirror self-recognition experiments.Although great apes generally pass such experiments, interpretations of resultshave remained controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate howbonobos (Pan paniscus) respond todifferent types of images of themselves and others, both before and afterprolonged mirror exposure. We first presented presumably mirror-naive subjectswith representations of themselves in three different ways (mirror image,contingent and non-contingent video footage) as well as representations ofothers (video footage of known and unknown conspecifics). We found thatsubjects paid significantly less attention to contingent images of themselves(mirror image, video footage) than to non-contingent images of themselves andunfamiliar individuals, suggesting they perceived the non-contingent self-imageas novel. We then provided subjects with three months of access to a largemirror centrally positioned in the enclosure. Following this manipulation,subjects showed significantly reduced interest in the non-contingentself-images, while interest in unknown individuals remained unchanged,suggesting that the mirror experience has led to a fuller understanding oftheir own self. We discuss implications of this preliminary investigation forthe on-going debate on self-awareness in animals.
dc.format.extent19
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofPeerJen
dc.rightsCopyright © 2020 Shorland et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.en
dc.subjectDelayaed self-recognitionen
dc.subjectMental representationen
dc.subjectLooking timeen
dc.subjectPan paniscusen
dc.subjectSelf-awarenessen
dc.subjectPrimate cognitionen
dc.subjectSocial intelligenceen
dc.subjectIntelligenceen
dc.subjectTheory of minden
dc.subjectEvolution of cognitionen
dc.subjectBF Psychologyen
dc.subjectDASen
dc.subject.lccBFen
dc.titleInvestigating self-recognition in bonobos : mirror exposure reduces looking time to self but not unfamiliar conspecificsen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.description.versionPublisher PDFen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciencesen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolutionen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscienceen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9685
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.date.embargoedUntil2020-08-28
dc.identifier.urlhttps://peerj.com/articles/9685/#supplemental-informationen


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