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A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780

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Cloutier_2020_AJ_160_3.pdf (2.088Mb)
Date
07/2020
Author
Cloutier, Ryan
Eastman, Jason D.
Rodriguez, Joseph E.
Astudillo-Defru, Nicola
Bonfils, Xavier
Mortier, Annelies
Watson, Christopher A.
Stalport, Manu
Pinamonti, Matteo
Lienhard, Florian
Harutyunyan, Avet
Damasso, Mario
Latham, David W.
Collins, Karen A.
Massey, Robert
Irwin, Jonathan
Winters, Jennifer G.
Charbonneau, David
Ziegler, Carl
Matthews, Elisabeth
Crossfield, Ian J. M.
Kreidberg, Laura
Quinn, Samuel N.
Ricker, George
Vanderspek, Roland
Seager, Sara
Winn, Joshua
Jenkins, Jon M.
Vezie, Michael
Udry, Stéphane
Twicken, Joseph D.
Tenenbaum, Peter
Sozzetti, Alessandro
Ségransan, Damien
Schlieder, Joshua E.
Sasselov, Dimitar
Santos, Nuno C.
Rice, Ken
Rackham, Benjamin V.
Poretti, Ennio
Piotto, Giampaolo
Phillips, David
Pepe, Francesco
Molinari, Emilio
Mignon, Lucile
Micela, Giuseppina
Melo, Claudio
de Medeiros, José R.
Mayor, Michel
Matson, Rachel A.
Martinez Fiorenzano, Aldo F.
Mann, Andrew W.
Magazzú, Antonio
Lovis, Christophe
López-Morales, Mercedes
Lopez, Eric
Lissauer, Jack J.
Lépine, Sébastien
Law, Nicholas
Kielkopf, John F.
Johnson, John A.
Jensen, Eric L. N.
Howell, Steve B.
Gonzales, Erica
Ghedina, Adriano
Forveille, Thierry
Figueira, Pedro
Dumusque, Xavier
Dressing, Courtney D.
Doyon, René
Díaz, Rodrigo F.
Fabrizio, Luca Di
Delfosse, Xavier
Cosentino, Rosario
Conti, Dennis M.
Collins, Kevin I.
Cameron, Andrew Collier
Ciardi, David
Caldwell, Douglas A.
Burke, Christopher
Buchhave, Lars
Briceño, César
Boyd, Patricia
Bouchy, François
Beichman, Charles
Artigau, Étienne
Almenara, Jose M.
Keywords
Radial velocity
M dwarf stars
Exoplanet systems
Transit photometry
QB Astronomy
QC Physics
NDAS
Metadata
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Abstract
We present the confirmation of two new planets transiting the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 (TIC 36724087, TOI-732, V = 13.07, Ks =8.204, Rs = 0.374 R⊙, Ms = 0.401 M⊙, d = 22 pc). The two planet candidates are identified in a single Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sector and validated with reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometric follow-up, and high-resolution imaging. With measured orbital periods of Pb = 0.77, Pc = 12.25 days and sizes rp,b = 1.33 ± 0.07, rp,c = 2.30 ±0.16 R⊕, the two planets span the radius valley in period-radius space around low-mass stars, thus making the system a laboratory to test competing theories of the emergence of the radius valley in that stellar mass regime. By combining 63 precise radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and HARPS-N, we measure planet masses of mp,b = 2.62-0.46+0.48 and mp,c = 8.6-1.3+1.6 M⊕, which indicates that LTT 3780b has a bulk composition consistent with being Earth-like, while LTT 3780c likely hosts an extended H/He envelope. We show that the recovered planetary masses are consistent with predictions from both photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models. The brightness and small size of LTT 3780, along with the measured planetary parameters, render LTT 3780b and c as accessible targets for atmospheric characterization of planets within the same planetary system and spanning the radius valley.
Citation
Cloutier , R , Eastman , J D , Rodriguez , J E , Astudillo-Defru , N , Bonfils , X , Mortier , A , Watson , C A , Stalport , M , Pinamonti , M , Lienhard , F , Harutyunyan , A , Damasso , M , Latham , D W , Collins , K A , Massey , R , Irwin , J , Winters , J G , Charbonneau , D , Ziegler , C , Matthews , E , Crossfield , I J M , Kreidberg , L , Quinn , S N , Ricker , G , Vanderspek , R , Seager , S , Winn , J , Jenkins , J M , Vezie , M , Udry , S , Twicken , J D , Tenenbaum , P , Sozzetti , A , Ségransan , D , Schlieder , J E , Sasselov , D , Santos , N C , Rice , K , Rackham , B V , Poretti , E , Piotto , G , Phillips , D , Pepe , F , Molinari , E , Mignon , L , Micela , G , Melo , C , de Medeiros , J R , Mayor , M , Matson , R A , Martinez Fiorenzano , A F , Mann , A W , Magazzú , A , Lovis , C , López-Morales , M , Lopez , E , Lissauer , J J , Lépine , S , Law , N , Kielkopf , J F , Johnson , J A , Jensen , E L N , Howell , S B , Gonzales , E , Ghedina , A , Forveille , T , Figueira , P , Dumusque , X , Dressing , C D , Doyon , R , Díaz , R F , Fabrizio , L D , Delfosse , X , Cosentino , R , Conti , D M , Collins , K I , Cameron , A C , Ciardi , D , Caldwell , D A , Burke , C , Buchhave , L , Briceño , C , Boyd , P , Bouchy , F , Beichman , C , Artigau , É & Almenara , J M 2020 , ' A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 ' , Astronomical Journal , vol. 160 , no. 1 , 3 . https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2
Publication
Astronomical Journal
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2
ISSN
0004-6256
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2020 American Astronomical Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2
Description
Funding: N.A.D. acknowledges support from FONDECYT 3180063.A.M. acknowledges support from the senior Kavli InstituteFellowships.J.G.W. is supported by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation. .C.Z. is supported by a Dunlap Fellowship at the Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, funded through an endowment established by the Dunlap family and the University of Toronto. I.J.M.C. acknowledges support from the NSF through grant AST-1824644 and NASA through Caltech/JPL grant RSA-1610091. F.L. gratefully acknowledges a scholarship from the Fondation Zd̆nek et Michaela Bakala. M.S. thanks the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and Geneva University for their continuous support of our exoplanet researches. This work has been in particular carried out in the frame of the National Center for Competence in Research “PlanetS” supported by SNSF.C.A.W. acknowledges support from Science and Technology Facilities Council grant ST/P000312/1. N.C.S. acknowledges supported by FCT, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020, Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização, by these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113, PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953. M.Pi. gratefully acknowledges support from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 313014 (ETAEARTH). J.R.M. acknowledges support by the CAPES, CNPq, and FAPERN Brazilian agencies.
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URL
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020AJ....160....3C
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20134

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