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Passive acoustic methods for tracking the 3D movements of small cetaceans around marine structures

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Gillespie_2020_PLoSONE_Passiveacoustic_CC.pdf (1.876Mb)
Date
29/05/2020
Author
Gillespie, Douglas
Palmer, Laura
MacAulay, Jamie
Sparling, Carol
Hastie, Gordon
Keywords
QH301 Biology
DAS
NERC
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Abstract
A wide range of anthropogenic structures exist in the marine environment with the extent of these set to increase as the global offshore renewable energy industry grows. Many of these pose acute risks to marine wildlife; for example, tidal energy generators have the potential to injure or kill seals and small cetaceans through collisions with moving turbine parts. Information on fine scale behaviour of animals close to operational turbines is required to understand the likely impact of these new technologies. There are inherent challenges associated with measuring the underwater movements of marine animals which have, so far, limited data collection. Here, we describe the development and application of a system for monitoring the three-dimensional movements of cetaceans in the immediate vicinity of a subsea structure. The system comprises twelve hydrophones and software for the detection and localisation of vocal marine mammals. We present data demonstrating the systems practical performance during a deployment on an operational tidal turbine between October 2017 and October 2019. Three-dimensional locations of cetaceans were derived from the passive acoustic data using time of arrival differences on each hydrophone. Localisation accuracy was assessed with an artificial sound source at known locations and a refined method of error estimation is presented. Calibration trials show that the system can accurately localise sounds to 2m accuracy within 20m of the turbine but that localisations become highly inaccurate at distances greater than 35m. The system is currently being used to provide data on rates of encounters between cetaceans and the turbine and to provide high resolution tracking data for animals close to the turbine. These data can be used to inform stakeholders and regulators on the likely impact of tidal turbines on cetaceans.
Citation
Gillespie , D , Palmer , L , MacAulay , J , Sparling , C & Hastie , G 2020 , ' Passive acoustic methods for tracking the 3D movements of small cetaceans around marine structures ' , PLoS ONE , vol. 15 , no. 5 , e0229058 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229058
Publication
PLoS ONE
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229058
ISSN
1932-6203
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright: © 2020 Gillespie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Description
This research was funded through a research grant from the Scottish Government as part of the Marine Mammal Scientific Support Program MMSS/002/15.
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20025

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