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The effect of sleep deprivation on objective and subjective measures of facial appearance

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Holding_2019_JSR_Sleepdeprivation_AAM.pdf (922.0Kb)
Date
21/04/2019
Author
Holding, Benjamin C.
Sundelin, Tina
Cairns, Patrick
Perrett, David I.
Axelsson, John
Keywords
Sleep loss
Experimental psychology
Perception
Face
Skin
Health
BF Psychology
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
DAS
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Abstract
The faces of people who are sleep deprived are perceived by others as looking paler, less healthy and less attractive compared to when well rested. However, there is little research using objective measures to investigate sleep‐loss‐related changes in facial appearance. We aimed to assess the effects of sleep deprivation on skin colour, eye openness, mouth curvature and periorbital darkness using objective measures, as well as to replicate previous findings for subjective ratings. We also investigated the extent to which these facial features predicted ratings of fatigue by others and could be used to classify the sleep condition of the person. Subjects (n = 181) were randomised to one night of total sleep deprivation or a night of normal sleep (8–9 hr in bed). The following day facial photographs were taken and, in a subset (n = 141), skin colour was measured using spectrophotometry. A separate set of participants (n = 63) later rated the photographs in terms of health, paleness and fatigue. The photographs were also digitally analysed with respect to eye openness, mouth curvature and periorbital darkness. The results showed that neither sleep deprivation nor the subjects’ sleepiness was related to differences in any facial variable. Similarly, there was no difference in subjective ratings between the groups. Decreased skin yellowness, less eye openness, downward mouth curvature and periorbital darkness all predicted increased fatigue ratings by others. However, the combination of appearance variables could not be accurately used to classify sleep condition. These findings have implications for both face‐to‐face and computerised visual assessment of sleep loss and fatigue.
Citation
Holding , B C , Sundelin , T , Cairns , P , Perrett , D I & Axelsson , J 2019 , ' The effect of sleep deprivation on objective and subjective measures of facial appearance ' , Journal of Sleep Research , vol. Early View , e12860 . https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12860
Publication
Journal of Sleep Research
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12860
ISSN
0962-1105
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2019 European Sleep Research Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12860
Description
This study was funded by the Swedish Research Council, FORTE (Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare), and The Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19830

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