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Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar
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dc.contributor.author | Southall, Brandon | |
dc.contributor.author | DeRuiter, Stacy | |
dc.contributor.author | Friedlaender, Ari | |
dc.contributor.author | Stimpert, Alison | |
dc.contributor.author | Goldbogen, Jeremy | |
dc.contributor.author | Hazen, Elliot | |
dc.contributor.author | Casey, Caroline | |
dc.contributor.author | Fregosi, Selene | |
dc.contributor.author | Cade, Dave | |
dc.contributor.author | Allen, Ann | |
dc.contributor.author | Harris, Catriona M | |
dc.contributor.author | Schorr, Greg | |
dc.contributor.author | Moretti, Dave | |
dc.contributor.author | Guan, Shane | |
dc.contributor.author | Calambokidis, John | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-03-04T00:31:48Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-03-04T00:31:48Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019-03 | |
dc.identifier | 255476615 | |
dc.identifier | b95b0126-9d25-4473-9bab-7d5c4a066441 | |
dc.identifier | 85062397788 | |
dc.identifier | 000461414600007 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Southall , B , DeRuiter , S , Friedlaender , A , Stimpert , A , Goldbogen , J , Hazen , E , Casey , C , Fregosi , S , Cade , D , Allen , A , Harris , C M , Schorr , G , Moretti , D , Guan , S & Calambokidis , J 2019 , ' Behavioral responses of individual blue whales ( Balaenoptera musculus ) to mid-frequency military sonar ' , Journal of Experimental Biology , vol. 222 , jeb190637 . https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190637 | en |
dc.identifier.issn | 0022-0949 | |
dc.identifier.other | ORCID: /0000-0001-9198-2414/work/60887678 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10023/19592 | |
dc.description | Primary funding for the SOCAL-BRS project was initially provided by the U.S. Navy’s Chief of Naval Operations Environmental Readiness Division and subsequently by the U.S. Navy's Living Marine Resources Program. | en |
dc.description.abstract | This study measured the degree of behavioral responses in blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to controlled noise exposure off the southern California coast. High-resolution movement and passive acoustic data were obtained from non-invasive archival tags (n=42) whereas surface positions were obtained with visual focal follows. Controlled exposure experiments (CEEs) were used to obtain direct behavioral measurements before, during and after simulated and operational military mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS), pseudorandom noise (PRN) and controls (no noise exposure). For a subset of deep-feeding animals (n=21), active acoustic measurements of prey were obtained and used as contextual covariates in response analyses. To investigate potential behavioral changes within individuals as a function of controlled noise exposure conditions, two parallel analyses of time-series data for selected behavioral parameters (e.g. diving, horizontal movement and feeding) were conducted. This included expert scoring of responses according to a specified behavioral severity rating paradigm and quantitative change-point analyses using Mahalanobis distance statistics. Both methods identified clear changes in some conditions. More than 50% of blue whales in deep-feeding states responded during CEEs, whereas no changes in behavior were identified in shallow-feeding blue whales. Overall, responses were generally brief, of low to moderate severity, and highly dependent on exposure context such as behavioral state, source-to-whale horizontal range and prey availability. Response probability did not follow a simple exposure–response model based on received exposure level. These results, in combination with additional analytical methods to investigate different aspects of potential responses within and among individuals, provide a comprehensive evaluation of how free-ranging blue whales responded to mid-frequency military sonar. | |
dc.format.extent | 15 | |
dc.format.extent | 741109 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.relation.ispartof | Journal of Experimental Biology | en |
dc.subject | Sonar | en |
dc.subject | Marine Mammal | en |
dc.subject | Blue whale | en |
dc.subject | Behavioral response | en |
dc.subject | Endangered | en |
dc.subject | Context | en |
dc.subject | GC Oceanography | en |
dc.subject | QH301 Biology | en |
dc.subject | T Technology | en |
dc.subject | DAS | en |
dc.subject | SDG 14 - Life Below Water | en |
dc.subject.lcc | GC | en |
dc.subject.lcc | QH301 | en |
dc.subject.lcc | T | en |
dc.title | Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar | en |
dc.type | Journal article | en |
dc.contributor.sponsor | Office of Naval Research | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. School of Biology | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling | en |
dc.contributor.institution | University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit | en |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1242/jeb.190637 | |
dc.description.status | Peer reviewed | en |
dc.identifier.grantnumber | N00014-12-1-0204 | en |
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