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dc.contributor.authorPapargyriou, Despoina
dc.contributor.authorBroumidis, Emmanouil
dc.contributor.authorde Vere-Tucker, Matthew
dc.contributor.authorGavrielides, Stelios
dc.contributor.authorHilditch, Paul
dc.contributor.authorIrvine, John T.S.
dc.contributor.authorBonaccorso, Alfredo D.
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-23T00:34:48Z
dc.date.available2020-02-23T00:34:48Z
dc.date.issued2019-08
dc.identifier257933533
dc.identifier42f9b8bc-8730-4bbc-9219-586d8740f451
dc.identifier85062275534
dc.identifier000466249700058
dc.identifier.citationPapargyriou , D , Broumidis , E , de Vere-Tucker , M , Gavrielides , S , Hilditch , P , Irvine , J T S & Bonaccorso , A D 2019 , ' Investigation of solid base catalysts for biodiesel production from fish oil ' , Renewable Energy , vol. 139 , pp. 661-669 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.124en
dc.identifier.issn0960-1481
dc.identifier.otherRIS: urn:1711ADD60205F32EBEAD0FB067BB6B4C
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-8394-3359/work/68280897
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/19517
dc.descriptionThe authors would like to acknowledge Innovate UK for funding. Additionally, the authors would like to thank Dr Gavin Peters for the TGA and ICP-OES measurements. Finally, we would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, University of St Andrews, and CRITICAT Centre for Doctoral Training for financial support [Ph.D. studentship to M.D.V.T, S.G, and E. B; Grant code: EP/L016419/1].en
dc.description.abstractA series of composite CaO-Ca3Al2O6 mixed oxides were investigated as potential catalysts for biodiesel synthesis from waste fish oil. Different Ca/Al ratios, in the range of 1.5 to 6 were studied, alongside pure CaO. The catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and CO2-Temperature Program Desorption (TPD). The catalytic activity of the materials was studied for the transesterification reaction of cod liver oil with methanol at 65 °C, with 1:12 oil to methanol molar ratio and 10 wt% of catalyst. Over 97% conversion of the triglycerides to methyl esters was achieved for the 6Ca/Al catalyst after 2 h reaction time. This was similar to the performance of CaO. However, 6Ca/Al catalyst was reused successfully for seven consecutive tests, in contrast to CaO that was reused for only five tests, before it deactivated. Therefore, by incorporating the Ca3Al2O6, it was possible to enhance the stability of the catalytically active species and improve the lifetime of the catalyst. Post-test catalyst characterisation showed the formation of an intermediate phase (calcium diglyceroxide) that enhanced the catalyst’s performance and tolerance to air exposure and humidity. Finally, the catalyst deactivation, after seven cycles, took place due to the formation of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 species.
dc.format.extent9
dc.format.extent1799986
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofRenewable Energyen
dc.subjectBiodieselen
dc.subjectHeterogeneous catalysten
dc.subjectWaste fish oilen
dc.subjectTransesterification reactionen
dc.subjectQD Chemistryen
dc.subjectDASen
dc.subject.lccQDen
dc.titleInvestigation of solid base catalysts for biodiesel production from fish oilen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.contributor.sponsorEPSRCen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Chemistryen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. Centre for Designer Quantum Materialsen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. EaSTCHEMen
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.124
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.date.embargoedUntil2020-02-23
dc.identifier.grantnumberEP/L016419/1en


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