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dc.contributor.authorPurkamo, Lotta
dc.contributor.authorKietäväinen, Riikka
dc.contributor.authorNuppunen-Puputti, Maija
dc.contributor.authorBomberg, Malin
dc.contributor.authorCousins, Claire
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-06T12:30:13Z
dc.date.available2020-01-06T12:30:13Z
dc.date.issued2020-01-04
dc.identifier265379009
dc.identifier38a8f603-4e8b-49cc-81c8-c625e6f0d72e
dc.identifier85078595579
dc.identifier000534045200004
dc.identifier.citationPurkamo , L , Kietäväinen , R , Nuppunen-Puputti , M , Bomberg , M & Cousins , C 2020 , ' Ultradeep microbial communities at 4.4 km within crystalline bedrock : implications for habitability in a planetary context ' , Life , vol. 10 , no. 1 , 2 . https://doi.org/10.3390/life10010002en
dc.identifier.issn2075-1729
dc.identifier.otherBibtex: life10010002
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-3954-8079/work/67167750
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-9428-6542/work/67167808
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/19224
dc.descriptionFunding: Wihuri Foundation postdoctoral research grant (L.P.); KYT2018 and KYT2022 grants (RENGAS and BIKES) (R.K.); Royal Society of Edinburgh Research Fellowship to C.C; COST Action Life-ORIGINS (TD1308) funded the short-term scientific mission for to visit ETH Zürich to perform qPCR analyses (L.P.).en
dc.description.abstractThe deep bedrock surroundings are an analog for extraterrestrial habitats for life. In this study, we investigated microbial life within anoxic ultradeep boreholes in Precambrian bedrock, including the adaptation to environmental conditions and lifestyle of these organisms. Samples were collected from Pyhäsalmi mine environment in central Finland and from geothermal drilling wells in Otaniemi, Espoo, in southern Finland. Microbial communities inhabiting the up to 4.4 km deep bedrock were characterized with phylogenetic marker gene (16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS region) amplicon and DNA and cDNA metagenomic sequencing. Functional marker genes (dsrB, mcrA, narG) were quantified with qPCR. Results showed that although crystalline bedrock provides very limited substrates for life, the microbial communities are diverse. Gammaproteobacterial phylotypes were most dominant in both studied sites. Alkanindiges -affiliating OTU was dominating in Pyhäsalmi fluids, while different depths of Otaniemi samples were dominated by Pseudomonas. One of the most common OTUs detected from Otaniemi could only be classified to phylum level, highlighting the uncharacterized nature of the deep biosphere in bedrock. Chemoheterotrophy, fermentation and nitrogen cycling are potentially significant metabolisms in these ultradeep environments. To conclude, this study provides information on microbial ecology of low biomass, carbon-depleted and energy-deprived deep subsurface environment. This information is useful in the prospect of finding life in other planetary bodies.
dc.format.extent22
dc.format.extent2046959
dc.language.isound
dc.relation.ispartofLifeen
dc.subjectDeep subsurfaceen
dc.subjectDeep biosphereen
dc.subjectMicrobial ecologyen
dc.subjectExtraterrestrial habitat analogen
dc.subjectEnvironmental microbiologyen
dc.subjectMicrobial communityen
dc.subjectLow biomassen
dc.subjectQE Geologyen
dc.subjectQR Microbiologyen
dc.subjectDASen
dc.subject.lccQEen
dc.subject.lccQRen
dc.titleUltradeep microbial communities at 4.4 km within crystalline bedrock : implications for habitability in a planetary contexten
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.contributor.sponsorThe Royal Society of Edinburghen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. Earth and Environmental Sciencesen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciencesen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Scienceen
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/life10010002
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.identifier.grantnumberen


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