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Recreational vessels without Automatic Identification System (AIS) dominate anthropogenic noise contributions to a shallow water soundscape

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Hermannsen_2019_SR_Recreational_CC.pdf (2.288Mb)
Date
29/10/2019
Author
Hermannsen, Line
Mikkelsen, Lonnie
Tougaard, Jakob
Beedholm, Kristian
Johnson, Mark
Madsen, Peter T.
Keywords
QH301 Biology
DAS
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Abstract
Recreational boating is an increasing activity in coastal areas and its spatiotemporal overlap with key habitats of marine species pose a risk for negative noise impacts. Yet, recreational vessels are currently unaccounted for in vessel noise models using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Here we conduct a case study investigating noise contributions from vessels with and without AIS (non-AIS) in a shallow coastal area within the Inner Danish waters. By tracking vessels with theodolite and AIS, while recording ambient noise levels, we find that non-AIS vessels have a higher occurrence (83%) than AIS vessels, and that motorised recreational vessels can elevate third-octave band noise centred at 0.125, 2 and 16 kHz by 47–51 dB. Accordingly, these vessels dominated the soundscape in the study site due to their high numbers, high speeds and proximity to the coast. Furthermore, recreational vessels caused 49–85% of noise events potentially eliciting behavioural responses in harbour porpoises (AIS vessels caused 5–24%). We therefore conclude that AIS data would poorly predict vessel noise pollution and its impacts in this and other similar marine environments. We suggest to improve vessel noise models and impact assessments by requiring that faster and more powerful recreational vessels carry AIS-transmitters.
Citation
Hermannsen , L , Mikkelsen , L , Tougaard , J , Beedholm , K , Johnson , M & Madsen , P T 2019 , ' Recreational vessels without Automatic Identification System (AIS) dominate anthropogenic noise contributions to a shallow water soundscape ' , Scientific Reports , vol. 9 , 15477 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51222-9
Publication
Scientific Reports
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51222-9
ISSN
2045-2322
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © The Author(s) 2019. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Description
This study was funded by FNU and Semper Ardens Carlsberg Grants to P.T.M., and support from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency to J.T.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18947

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