Syntax and compositionality in animal communication
Abstract
Syntax has been found in animal communication but only humans appear to have generative, hierarchically structured syntax. How did syntax evolve? I discuss three theories of evolutionary transition from animal to human syntax: computational capacity, structural flexibility and event perception. The computation hypothesis is supported by artificial grammar experiments consistently showing that only humans can learn linear stimulus sequences with an underlying hierarchical structure, a possible by-product of computationally powerful large brains. The structural flexibility hypothesis is supported by evidence of meaning-bearing combinatorial and permutational signal sequences in animals, with sometimes compositional features, but no evidence for generativity or hierarchical structure. Again, animals may be constrained by computational limits in short-term memory but possibly also by limits in articulatory control and social cognition. The event categorization hypothesis, finally, posits that humans are cognitively predisposed to analyse natural events by assigning agency and assessing how agents impact on patients, a propensity that is reflected by the basic syntactic units in all languages. Whether animals perceive natural events in the same way is largely unknown, although event perception may provide the cognitive grounding for syntax evolution.
Citation
Zuberbuhler , K 2019 , ' Syntax and compositionality in animal communication ' , Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. B, Biological Sciences , vol. 375 , no. 1789 , 20190062 . https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0062
Publication
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. B, Biological Sciences
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
0962-8436Type
Journal article
Description
Much of the research reviewed in this article has benefitted from funding by the Leverhulme Trust, the European Research Council, the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, and the Swiss National Science Foundation.Collections
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