The development and validation of a multivariable prognostic model to predict foot ulceration in diabetes using a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analyses
Abstract
Aims: Diabetes guidelines recommend screening for the risk of foot ulceration but vary substantially in the underlying evidence base. Our purpose was to derive and validate a prognostic model of independent risk factors for foot ulceration in diabetes using all available individual patient data from cohort studies conducted worldwide. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of individual patient data from 10 cohort studies of risk factors in the prediction of foot ulceration in diabetes. Predictors were selected for plausibility, availability and low heterogeneity. Logistic regression produced adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for foot ulceration by ulceration history, monofilament insensitivity, any absent pedal pulse, age, sex and diabetes duration. Results: The 10 studies contained data from 16 385 participants. A history of foot ulceration produced the largest OR [6.59 (95% CI 2.49 to 17.45)], insensitivity to a 10 g monofilament [3.18 (95% CI 2.65 to 3.82)] and any absent pedal pulse [1.97 (95% CI 1.62 to 2.39)] were consistently, independently predictive. Combining three predictors produced sensitivities between 90.0% (95% CI 69.9% to 97.2%) and 95.3% (95% CI 84.5% to 98.7%); the corresponding specificities were between 12.1% (95% CI 8.2% to 17.3%) and 63.9% (95% CI 61.1% to 66.6%). Conclusions: This prognostic model of only three risk factors, a history of foot ulceration, an inability to feel a 10 g monofilament and the absence of any pedal pulse, compares favourably with more complex approaches to foot risk assessment recommended in clinical diabetes guidelines.
Citation
Crawford , F , Cezard , G , Chappell , M & The PODUS Group 2018 , ' The development and validation of a multivariable prognostic model to predict foot ulceration in diabetes using a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analyses ' , Diabetic Medicine , vol. 35 , no. 11 , pp. 1480-1493 . https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13797
Publication
Diabetic Medicine
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
0742-3071Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2018 Crown copyright. Diabetes Medicine © 2018 Diabetes UK. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at:https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13797
Description
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number 10/57/08). Dr M. Monteiro-Soares is supported by Project ‘NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000016’ (NanoSTIMA), financed by the North Portugal Regional Operational Programme NORTE 2020, under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).Collections
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