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Late Pleistocene speciation of three closely related tree peonies endemic to the Qinling–Daba Mountains, a major glacial refugium in Central China

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Date
17/06/2019
Author
Xu, Xing-Xing
Cheng, Fang-Yun
Peng, Li-Ping
Sun, Yan-Qiang
Hu, Xian-Ge
Li, San-Yuan
Xian, Hong-Li
Jia, Kai-Hua
Abbott, Richard J.
Mao, Jian-Feng
Keywords
Ecological niche modeling
Genetic divergence
Multiple refugia
Niche divergence
Phylogeography
Speciation
Tree peony
QH301 Biology
QH426 Genetics
DAS
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Abstract
Determining the factors promoting speciation is a major task in ecological and evolutionary research and can be aided by phylogeographic analysis. The Qinling–Daba Mountains (QDM) located in central China form an important geographic barrier between southern subtropical and northern temperate regions, and exhibit complex topography, climatic, and ecological diversity. Surprisingly, few phylogeographic analyses and studies of plant speciation in this region have been conducted. To address this issue, we investigated the genetic divergence and evolutionary histories of three closely related tree peony species (Paeonia qiui, P. jishanensis, and P. rockii) endemic to the QDM. Forty populations of the three tree peony species were genotyped using 22 nuclear simple sequence repeat markers (nSSRs) and three chloroplast DNA sequences to assess genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships, supplemented by morphological characterization and ecological niche modeling (ENM). Morphological and molecular genetic analyses showed the three species to be clearly differentiated from each other. In addition, coalescent analyses using DIYABC conducted on nSSR variation indicated that the species diverged from each other in the late Pleistocene, while ecological niche modeling (ENM) suggested they occupied a larger area during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than at present. The combined genetic evidence from nuclear and chloroplast DNA and the results of ENM indicate that each species persisted through the late Pleistocene in multiple refugia in the Qinling, Daba, and Taihang Mountains with divergence favored by restricted gene flow caused by geographic isolation, ecological divergence, and limited pollen and seed dispersal. Our study contributes to a growing understanding of the origin and population structure of tree peonies and provides insights into the high level of plant endemism present in the Qinling–Daba Mountains of Central China.
Citation
Xu , X-X , Cheng , F-Y , Peng , L-P , Sun , Y-Q , Hu , X-G , Li , S-Y , Xian , H-L , Jia , K-H , Abbott , R J & Mao , J-F 2019 , ' Late Pleistocene speciation of three closely related tree peonies endemic to the Qinling–Daba Mountains, a major glacial refugium in Central China ' , Ecology and Evolution , vol. Early View . https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5284
Publication
Ecology and Evolution
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5284
ISSN
2045-7758
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Description
This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31471898) and the Key Technology Research of Oil Peony Industry in Shaanxi Province (2014HXFWYL016) and Special project to Build World‐class Disciplines Of Beijing Forestry University (2019XKJS0324).
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17954

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