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Metabarcoding reveals a high diversity of woody host-associated Phytophthora spp. in soils at public gardens and amenity woodlands in Britain

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Date
16/05/2019
Author
Riddell, Carolyn E.
Frederickson-Matika, Debbie
Armstrong, April C.
Elliot, Matt
Forster, Jack
Hedley, Pete E.
Morris, Jenny
Thorpe, Peter
Cooke, David EL
Pritchard, Leighton
Sharp, Paul M.
Green, Sarah
Keywords
Phytophthora
Metabarcoding
ITS1 barcode
Illumina sequencing
Soil
Species diversity
QH301 Biology
NDAS
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Abstract
Forests and woodlands worldwide are being severely impacted by invasive Phytophthora species, with initial outbreaks in some cases occurring on host trees located in public parks and gardens. These highly disturbed sites with diverse planting practices may indeed act as harbours for invasive Phytophthora pathogens which are particularly well adapted to surviving in soil. High throughput Illumina sequencing was used to analyse Phytophthora species diversity in soil samples collected from 14 public garden/amenity woodland sites in northern Britain. Bioinformatic analyses revealed some limitations to using internal transcribed spacer as the barcode region; namely reporting of false positives and ambiguous species matches. Taking this into account, 35 distinct sequences were amplified across the sites, corresponding to 23 known Phytophthora species as well as twelve oomycete sequences with no match to any known Phytophthora species. Phytophthora pseudosyringae and P. austrocedri, both of which cause serious damage to trees and are regarded as fairly recent introductions to Britain, were the two most abundant Phytophthora species detected. There was no evidence that any of the detected Phytophthora species were more associated with any one type of host, healthy or otherwise. This study has demonstrated the ubiquity and diversity of Phytophthora species endemic in highly managed, extensively planted soil environments in Britain. Suggested improvements to the methodology and the practical implications of the findings in terms of mitigating Phytophthora spread and impact are discussed.
Citation
Riddell , C E , Frederickson-Matika , D , Armstrong , A C , Elliot , M , Forster , J , Hedley , P E , Morris , J , Thorpe , P , Cooke , D EL , Pritchard , L , Sharp , P M & Green , S 2019 , ' Metabarcoding reveals a high diversity of woody host-associated Phytophthora spp. in soils at public gardens and amenity woodlands in Britain ' , PeerJ , vol. 7 , e6931 . https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6931
Publication
PeerJ
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6931
ISSN
2167-8359
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2019 Riddell et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Description
This work was supported by Forestry Commission Scotland (grant number SLA-14/15-034), the Living With Environmental Change Phase 3 project ‘Phyto-Threats’ as part of the Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative (grant number BB/N023463/1) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme POnTE (Pest Organisms Threatening Europe) (grant number 635646). David E.L. Cooke, Pete E. Hedley, Leighton Pritchard, Peter Thorpe also received funding from the Scottish Government
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17782

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