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Greater early bactericidal activity at higher rifampicin doses revealed by modeling and clinical trial simulations

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Date
28/04/2018
Author
Svensson, Robin J
Svensson, Elin M
Aarnoutse, Rob E
Diacon, Andreas H
Dawson, Rodney
Gillespie, Stephen H
Moodley, Mischka
Boeree, Martin J
Simonsson, Ulrika S H
Keywords
Pharmacodynamics
Tuberculosis
Pharmacokinetics
Patients
Time to positivity
Early bactericidal effect
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
NDAS
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Abstract
Background The currently recommended rifampicin dose (10 mg/kg) for treating tuberculosis is suboptimal. The PanACEA HIGHRIF1 trial evaluated the pharmacokinetics and early bactericidal activity of rifampicin doses of up to 40 mg/kg. Conventional statistical analyses revealed no significant exposure-response relationship. Our objectives were to explore the exposure-response relationship for high-dose rifampicin by using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling and to predict the early bactericidal activity of 50 mg/kg rifampicin. Methods Data included time to Mycobacterium tuberculosis positivity of liquid cultures of sputum specimens from 83 patients with tuberculosis who were treated with 10 mg/kg rifampicin (n = 8; reference arm) or 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 mg/kg rifampicin (n = 15/arm) for 7 days. We used a semimechanistic time-to-event approach to model the time-to-positivity data. Rifampicin exposure and baseline time to culture positivity were explored as covariates. Results The baseline time to culture positivity was a significant covariate on the predicted initial bacterial load, and rifampicin exposure was a significant covariate on the bacterial kill rate in sputum resulting in increased early bactericidal activity. The 90% prediction interval for the predicted median day 7 increase in time to positivity for 50 mg/kg rifampicin was 7.25–10.3 days. Conclusions A significant exposure-response relationship was found between rifampicin exposure and early bactericidal activity. Clinical trial simulations showed greater early bactericidal activity for 50 mg/kg rifampicin.
Citation
Svensson , R J , Svensson , E M , Aarnoutse , R E , Diacon , A H , Dawson , R , Gillespie , S H , Moodley , M , Boeree , M J & Simonsson , U S H 2018 , ' Greater early bactericidal activity at higher rifampicin doses revealed by modeling and clinical trial simulations ' , Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol. In press . https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy242
Publication
Journal of Infectious Diseases
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy242
ISSN
0022-1899
Type
Journal article
Rights
© 2018, the Author(s). This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created accepted version manuscript following peer review and as such may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy242
Description
This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (grant 521-2011-3442 to R. J. S. and U. S. H. S.), the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (award 115337, with contribution from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007–2013] and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations [in-kind contribution]), the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (awards IP.2007.32011.011, IP.2007.32011.012, and IP.2007.32011.013), the Netherlands-African Partnership for Capacity Development and Clinical Interventions Against Poverty-Related Diseases, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17599

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