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Long-term safety and efficacy of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with statin therapy : 20-year follow-up of West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study

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Date
15/03/2016
Author
Ford, Ian
Murray, Heather
McCowan, Colin
Packard, Chris J.
Keywords
Coronary disease
Heart failure
Primary prevention
Safety
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
3rd-NDAS
BDC
R2C
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended follow-up of statin-based low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering trials improves the understanding of statin safety and efficacy. Examining cumulative cardiovascular events (total burden of disease) gives a better appreciation of the clinical value of statins. This article evaluates the long-term impact of therapy on mortality and cumulative morbidity in a high-risk cohort of men. METHODS AND RESULTS The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study was a primary prevention trial in 45- to 64-year-old men with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A total of 6595 men were randomized to receive pravastatin 40 mg once daily or placebo for an average of 4.9 years. Subsequent linkage to electronic health records permitted analysis of major incident events over 20 years. Post trial statin use was recorded for 5 years after the trial but not for the last 10 years. Men allocated to pravastatin had reduced all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.94; P=0.0007), attributable mainly to a 21% decrease in cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-0.90; P=0.0004). There was no difference in noncardiovascular or cancer death rates between groups. Cumulative hospitalization event rates were lower in the statin-treated arm: by 18% for any coronary event (P=0.002), by 24% for myocardial infarction (P=0.01), and by 35% for heart failure (P=0.002). There were no significant differences between groups in hospitalization for noncardiovascular causes. CONCLUSION Statin treatment for 5 years was associated with a legacy benefit, with improved survival and a substantial reduction in cardiovascular disease outcomes over a 20-year period, supporting the wider adoption of primary prevention strategies.
Citation
Ford , I , Murray , H , McCowan , C & Packard , C J 2016 , ' Long-term safety and efficacy of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with statin therapy : 20-year follow-up of West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study ' , Circulation Research , vol. 133 , no. 11 , pp. 1073-1080 . https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019014
Publication
Circulation Research
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019014
ISSN
0009-7330
Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Circulation is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDervis License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Description
The study was supported by a grant from Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Kenilworth, NJ, as part of an Investigator Initiated Program.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16974

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