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dc.contributor.authorAntonellini, S.
dc.contributor.authorBremer, J.
dc.contributor.authorKamp, I.
dc.contributor.authorRiviere-Marichalar, P.
dc.contributor.authorLahuis, F.
dc.contributor.authorThi, W. -F.
dc.contributor.authorWoitke, P.
dc.contributor.authorMeijerink, R.
dc.contributor.authorAresu, G.
dc.contributor.authorSpaans, M.
dc.date.accessioned2018-11-02T11:30:08Z
dc.date.available2018-11-02T11:30:08Z
dc.date.issued2017-01-03
dc.identifier.citationAntonellini , S , Bremer , J , Kamp , I , Riviere-Marichalar , P , Lahuis , F , Thi , W -F , Woitke , P , Meijerink , R , Aresu , G & Spaans , M 2017 , ' Mid-IR water and silicate relation in protoplanetary disks ' , Astronomy & Astrophysics , vol. 597 , A72 . https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527820en
dc.identifier.issn0004-6361
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 256433808
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: c7833c81-65ef-420c-a35c-2723c82dab1e
dc.identifier.otherArXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/1610.09873v1
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85008978646
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 000392392900024
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/16379
dc.descriptionThe research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7-2011 under grant agreement No. 284405.en
dc.description.abstractContext. Mid-IR water lines from protoplanetary disks around T Tauri stars have a detection rate of 50%. Models have identified multiple physical properties of disks such as dust-to-gas mass ratio, dust size power law distribution, disk gas mass, disk inner radius, and disk scale height as potential explanations for the current detection rate. Aims. In this study, we aim to break degeneracies through constraints obtained from observations. We search for a connection between mid-IR water line fluxes and the strength of the 10 μm silicate feature. Methods. We analyze observed water line fluxes from three blends at 15.17, 17.22 and 29.85 μm published earlier and compute the 10 μm silicate feature strength from Spitzer spectra to search for possible trends. We use a series of published ProDiMo thermo-chemical models, to explore disk dust and gas properties, and also the effects of different central stars. In addition, we produced two standard models with different dust opacity functions, and one with a parametric prescription for the dust settling. Results. Our series of models that vary properties of the grain size distribution suggest that mid-IR water emission anticorrelates with the strength of the 10 μm silicate feature. The models also show that the increasing stellar bolometric luminosity simultaneously enhance the strength of this dust feature and the water lines fluxes. No correlation is found between the observed mid-IR water lines and the 10 μm silicate strength. Two-thirds of the targets in our sample show crystalline dust features, and the disks are mainly flaring. Our sample shows the same difference in the peak strength between amorphous and crystalline silicates that was noted in earlier studies, but our models do not support this intrinsic difference in silicate peak strength. Individual properties of our models are not able to reproduce the most extreme observations, suggesting that more complex dust properties (e.g., vertically changing) are required to reproduce the strongest 10 μm silicate features. A parametrized settling prescription is able to boost the peak strength by a factor of 2 for the standard model. Water line fluxes are unrelated to the composition of the dust. The pronounced regular trends seen in the model results are washed out in the data due to the larger diversity in stellar and disk properties compared to our series of model. Conclusions. The independent nature of the water line emission and the 10 μm silicate strength found in observations, and the modeling results, leave as a possible explanation that the disks with weaker mid-IR water line fluxes are depleted in gas or enhanced in dust in the inner 10 au. In the case of gas depleted disks, settling produces very strong 10 μm silicate features with strong peak strength. Observations of larger unbiased samples with JWST/MIRI and ALMA are essential to verify this hypothesis.
dc.format.extent7
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofAstronomy & Astrophysicsen
dc.rightsCopyright © ESO 2017. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527820en
dc.subjectProtoplanetary disksen
dc.subjectLine: formationen
dc.subjectStars: pre-main-sequenceen
dc.subjectTTauri, Herbigen
dc.subjectCircumstellar matteren
dc.subjectQB Astronomyen
dc.subject3rd-NDASen
dc.subject.lccQBen
dc.titleMid-IR water and silicate relation in protoplanetary disksen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.contributor.sponsorEuropean Commissionen
dc.description.versionPostprinten
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomyen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527820
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.identifier.urlhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1610.09873en
dc.identifier.grantnumber284405en


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