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dc.contributor.authorLiverakos, Konstantinos
dc.contributor.authorMcIntosh, Kate
dc.contributor.authorMoulin, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorO'Connor, Akira R.
dc.date.accessioned2018-08-02T10:30:05Z
dc.date.available2018-08-02T10:30:05Z
dc.date.issued2018-08-01
dc.identifier.citationLiverakos , K , McIntosh , K , Moulin , C & O'Connor , A R 2018 , ' How accurate are runners’ prospective predictions of their race times? ' , PLoS One , vol. 13 , no. 8 , e0200744 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200744en
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 254733541
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: b66c4a27-4781-4748-8ad6-99c0f958fabd
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85050953545
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-7943-5183/work/47136382
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 000440415500048
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/15752
dc.descriptionThree authors of the study have received financial support during the preparation of this manuscript. Kate McIntosh received summer internship funding from the University of St Andrews (funded internally by the University of St Andrews where Kate was an undergraduate student) to conduct analyses and visualise the data. Konstantinos Liverakos is in receipt of a PhD studentship from the AD Links Trust (funding external to the University of St Andrews where Konstantinos is a PhD student) and has conducted analyses, visualised data, and helped to prepared the manuscript during the period of his PhD. Christopher J.A. Moulin is a senior member of the Institut Universitaire de France.en
dc.description.abstractMetacognition is a domain which has illuminated our understanding of the regulation of cognition, but has yet to be applied in detail to more physical activities. We used half marathon finish time predictions from 7211 runners to investigate the factors that influence running performance metacognitive accuracy. In particular, we were concerned with the effects of experience, gender, and age on calibration. We expected more experienced runners to be better calibrated than less experienced ones. Given analogous findings in the domain of metacognition, we expected women to be less overconfident in their predictions, and better calibrated than male runners. Based on the metacognition literature, we expected that if older runners have effectively learned from previous experience, they would be as well-calibrated as younger runners. In contrast, uninformed inferences not based on performance feedback would lead to overestimating performance for older compared to younger runners. As expected, experience in terms of both club membership and previous race completion improved calibration. Unexpectedly though, females were more overconfident than males, overestimating their performance and demonstrating poorer calibration. A positive relationship was observed between age and prediction accuracy, with older runners showing better calibration. The present study demonstrates that data, collected before a test of physical activity, can inform our understanding of how participants anticipate their performance, and how this ability is affected by a number of demographic and situational variables. Athletes and coaches alike should be aware of these variables to better understand, organise, plan, and predict running performance, potentially leading to more appropriate training sessions and faster race finish times.
dc.format.extent24
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofPLoS Oneen
dc.rights© 2018 Liverakos et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en
dc.subjectBF Psychologyen
dc.subject3rd-DASen
dc.subject.lccBFen
dc.titleHow accurate are runners’ prospective predictions of their race times?en
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.description.versionPublisher PDFen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscienceen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200744
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden


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