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dc.contributor.authorRae, James W. B.
dc.contributor.authorBroecker, Wally
dc.date.accessioned2018-06-22T08:30:07Z
dc.date.available2018-06-22T08:30:07Z
dc.date.issued2018-06-21
dc.identifier.citationRae , J W B & Broecker , W 2018 , ' What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? ' , Biogeosciences , vol. 15 , pp. 3779-3794 . https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018en
dc.identifier.issn1726-4170
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 253403551
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: b74a3bec-56cf-4311-8dec-47f65ab44437
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85049185586
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0003-3904-2526/work/60196306
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 000435857800001
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/14438
dc.descriptionWally Broecker acknowledges funding from the Comer Science and Education Foundation. James W. B. Rae acknowledges funding from NERC standard grants NE/N003861/1 and NE/N011716/1, and support from the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of St Andrews during Wally Broecker’s visit, which sparked the discussions that led to this paper.en
dc.description.abstractIn this contribution we explore constraints on the fractions of deep water present in the Indian and Pacific oceans which originated in the northern Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean. Based on PO4* we show that if ventilated Antarctic shelf waters characterize the Southern contribution, then the proportions could be close to 50–50. If instead a Southern Ocean bottom water value is used, the Southern contribution is increased to 75 %. While this larger estimate may best characterize the volume of water entering the Indo-Pacific from the Southern Ocean, it contains a significant portion of entrained northern water. We also note that ventilation may be highly tracer dependent: for instance Southern Ocean waters may contribute only 35 % of the deep radiocarbon budget, even if their volumetric contribution is 75 %. In our estimation, the most promising approaches involve using CFC-11 to constrain the amount of deep water formed in the Southern Ocean. Finally, we highlight the broad utility of PO4* as a tracer of deep water masses, including descending plumes of Antarctic Bottom Water and large-scale patterns of deep ocean mixing, and as a tracer of the efficiency of the biological pump.
dc.format.extent16
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofBiogeosciencesen
dc.rights© Author(s) 2018. Open Access article. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.en
dc.subjectGE Environmental Sciencesen
dc.subjectGC Oceanographyen
dc.subject3rd-DASen
dc.subject.lccGEen
dc.subject.lccGCen
dc.titleWhat fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean?en
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.contributor.sponsorNERCen
dc.contributor.sponsorNERCen
dc.description.versionPublisher PDFen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciencesen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. St Andrews Isotope Geochemistryen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.identifier.grantnumberNE/N003861/1en
dc.identifier.grantnumberNE/N011716/1en


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