Solid-state NMR spectroscopy proves the presence of penta-coordinated Sc sites in MIL-100(Sc)

Abstract

Advanced solid-state NMR methods and first-principles calculations demonstrate for the first time the formation of penta-coordinated scandium sites. These coordinatively unsaturated sites were shown during the thermal activation of scandium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). A 45Sc NMR experiment allows their specific observation in activated Sc3BTB2 (H3BTB=1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene) and MIL-100(Sc) MOFs. The assignment of the ScO5 groups is supported by the DFT calculations of NMR parameters. The presence of ScO5 Lewis acid sites in MIL-100(Sc) explains furthermore its catalytic activity. The first NMR experiment to probe 13C−45Sc distances is also introduced. This advanced solid-state NMR pulse sequence allows the demonstration of the shrinkage of the MIL-100(Sc) network when the activation temperature is raised.