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Incorporating neighborhood choice in a model of neighborhood effects on income

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vanHam_2018_Demography_NeighborhoodChoice_CC.pdf (500.2Kb)
Date
06/2018
Author
van Ham, Maarten
Boschman, Sanne
Vogel, Matt
Keywords
Neighborhood effects
Neighborhood sorting
Neighborhood choice
Income
Selection bias
Conditional logit
Longitudinal data
G Geography (General)
GF Human ecology. Anthropogeography
HM Sociology
HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
HT Communities. Classes. Races
3rd-NDAS
BDC
R2C
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Abstract
Studies of neighborhood effects often attempt to identify causal effects of neighborhood characteristics on individual outcomes, such as income, education, employment, and health. However, selection looms large in this line of research, and it has been argued that estimates of neighborhood effects are biased because people nonrandomly select into neighborhoods based on their preferences, income, and the availability of alternative housing. We propose a two-step framework to disentangle selection processes in the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and earnings. We model neighborhood selection using a conditional logit model, from which we derive correction terms. Driven by the recognition that most households prefer certain types of neighborhoods rather than specific areas, we employ a principle components analysis to reduce these terms into eight correction components. We use these to adjust parameter estimates from a model of subsequent neighborhood effects on individual income for the unequal probability that a household chooses to live in a particular type of neighborhood. We apply this technique to administrative data from the Netherlands. After we adjust for the differential sorting of households into certain types of neighborhoods, the effect of neighborhood income on individual income diminishes but remains significant. These results further emphasize that researchers need to be attuned to the role of selection bias when assessing the role of neighborhood effects on individual outcomes. Perhaps more importantly, the persistent effect of neighborhood deprivation on subsequent earnings suggests that neighborhood effects reflect more than the shared characteristics of neighborhood residents: place of residence partially determines economic well-being.
Citation
van Ham , M , Boschman , S & Vogel , M 2018 , ' Incorporating neighborhood choice in a model of neighborhood effects on income ' , Demography , vol. 55 , no. 3 , pp. 1069-1090 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-018-0672-9
Publication
Demography
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-018-0672-9
ISSN
0070-3370
Type
Journal article
Rights
© The Author(s) 2018. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Description
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 615159 (ERC Consolidator Grant DEPRIVEDHOODS, Socio-spatial inequality, deprived neighbourhoods, and neighbourhood effects) and from the Marie Curie programme under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / Career Integration Grant n. PCIG10-GA-2011-303728 (CIG Grant NBHCHOICE, Neighbourhood choice, neighbourhood sorting, and neighbourhood effects).
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13340

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