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The extracellular environment of the CNS : influence on plasticity, sprouting, and axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury

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Quraishe_2018_NP_CNS_CC.pdf (6.710Mb)
Date
18/04/2018
Author
Quraishe, Shmma
Forbes, Lindsey H.
Andrews, Melissa R.
Funder
BBSRC
Grant ID
BB/N008189/1
Keywords
RC Internal medicine
RZ Other systems of medicine
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Abstract
The extracellular environment of the central nervous system (CNS) becomes highly structured and organized as the nervous system matures. The extracellular space of the CNS along with its subdomains plays a crucial role in the function and stability of the CNS. In this review, we have focused on two components of the neuronal extracellular environment, which are important in regulating CNS plasticity including the extracellular matrix (ECM) and myelin. The ECM consists of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and tenascins, which are organized into unique structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs associate with the neuronal cell body and proximal dendrites of predominantly parvalbumin-positive interneurons, forming a robust lattice-like structure. These developmentally regulated structures are maintained in the adult CNS and enhance synaptic stability. After injury, however, CSPGs and tenascins contribute to the structure of the inhibitory glial scar, which actively prevents axonal regeneration. Myelin sheaths and mature adult oligodendrocytes, despite their important role in signal conduction in mature CNS axons, contribute to the inhibitory environment existing after injury. As such, unlike the peripheral nervous system, the CNS is unable to revert to a “developmental state” to aid neuronal repair. Modulation of these external factors, however, has been shown to promote growth, regeneration, and functional plasticity after injury. This review will highlight some of the factors that contribute to or prevent plasticity, sprouting, and axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury.
Citation
Quraishe , S , Forbes , L H & Andrews , M R 2018 , ' The extracellular environment of the CNS : influence on plasticity, sprouting, and axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury ' , Neural Plasticity , vol. 2018 , 2952386 . https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2952386
Publication
Neural Plasticity
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2952386
ISSN
2090-5904
Type
Journal item
Rights
Copyright © 2018 Shmma Quraishe et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Description
Melissa R Andrews and Shmma Quraishe are supported by a research grant from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13287

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