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International migration and fertility variation in Spain during the economic recession : a spatial Durbin approach

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Date
09/2019
Author
Sabater, Albert
Graham, Elspeth
Funder
Economic & Social Research Council
Grant ID
ES/K007394/1
Keywords
Fertility
Unemployment
Immigration
Emigration
Spanish provinces
Great Recession
HB Economic Theory
HT Communities. Classes. Races
DP Spain
3rd-NDAS
SDG 5 - Gender Equality
SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth
SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities
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Abstract
In this paper, we examine the effects of unemployment, immigration and emigration on fertility variation during the Great Recession in Spain, while taking account of trans-spatial relationships. Using a spatial Durbin approach and panel data with observations from 50 Spanish provinces, we investigate the impact of an increase in unemployment on fertility and ask whether, and to what extent, fertility has been affected by reduced immigration and increased emigration following the economic crisis of 2008. Our results suggest that unemployment has had a strong negative impact on fertility during the recession, and that the impact of the total unemployment rate was primarily confined to the province where the unemployment occured, although with significant spillover effects from female unemployment. Further, although female immigration was reduced during the recession, it nevertheless continued to have a positive impact on fertility, and its impact seems to matter both directly (own-province) and indirectly (spillover). Finally, our results show that increased emigration had a negative and indirect (spillover) impact on fertility. These findings contribute to the debate on the relationship between unemployment and fertility during the Great Recession, and demonstrate that both international immigration and emigration have affected province-level fertility and should therefore be given serious consideration in any analysis of fertility during the current long recessionary period.
Citation
Sabater , A & Graham , E 2019 , ' International migration and fertility variation in Spain during the economic recession : a spatial Durbin approach ' , Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy , vol. 12 , no. 3 , pp. 515-546 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-018-9255-9
Publication
Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-018-9255-9
ISSN
1874-4621
Type
Journal article
Rights
© The Author(s) 2018. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Description
Funding: UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) grant ES/K007394/1.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13260

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