Modeling pN2 through geological time : implications for planetary climates and atmospheric biosignatures
Date
01/12/2016Keywords
Metadata
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Abstract
Nitrogen is a major nutrient for all life on Earth and could plausibly play a similar role in extraterrestrial biospheres. The major reservoir of nitrogen at Earth's surface is atmospheric N2, but recent studies have proposed that the size of this reservoir may have fluctuated significantly over the course of Earth's history with particularly low levels in the Neoarchean—presumably as a result of biological activity. We used a biogeochemical box model to test which conditions are necessary to cause large swings in atmospheric N2 pressure. Parameters for our model are constrained by observations of modern Earth and reconstructions of biomass burial and oxidative weathering in deep time. A 1-D climate model was used to model potential effects on atmospheric climate. In a second set of tests, we perturbed our box model to investigate which parameters have the greatest impact on the evolution of atmospheric pN2 and consider possible implications for nitrogen cycling on other planets. Our results suggest that (a) a high rate of biomass burial would have been needed in the Archean to draw down atmospheric pN2 to less than half modern levels, (b) the resulting effect on temperature could probably have been compensated by increasing solar luminosity and a mild increase in pCO2, and (c) atmospheric oxygenation could have initiated a stepwise pN2 rebound through oxidative weathering. In general, life appears to be necessary for significant atmospheric pN2 swings on Earth-like planets. Our results further support the idea that an exoplanetary atmosphere rich in both N2 and O2 is a signature of an oxygen-producing biosphere.
Citation
Stüeken , E E , Kipp , M A , Koehler , M C , Schwieterman , E W , Johnson , B & Buick , R 2016 , ' Modeling p N 2 through geological time : implications for planetary climates and atmospheric biosignatures ' , Astrobiology , vol. 16 , no. 12 , pp. 949-963 . https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2016.1537
Publication
Astrobiology
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
1531-1074Type
Journal article
Rights
Copyright 2016 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at: https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2016.1537
Description
The authors thank the NASA postdoctoral program (E.E.S., E.W.S.), the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship program (M.A.K.), the NSF FESD program (grant number 1338810, subcontract to R.B.), the NSERC Discovery program (B.J.), the NASA Exobiology program (grant NNX16AI37G to R.B.) and the NAI Virtual Planetary Laboratory at the University of Washington (solicitation NNH12ZDA002C and Cooperative Agreement Number NNA13AA93A; E.W.S., R.B.) for financial support.Collections
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