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Number of children, partnership status, and later-life depression in Eastern and Western Europe

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Date
03/05/2017
Author
Grundy, Emily
van den Broek, Thijs
Keenan, Katherine
Keywords
Depression
Generations and Gender Surveys (GGS)
Intergenerational relationships
Long-standing illness
Partnership status
Support exchange
H Social Sciences (General)
HM Sociology
BF Psychology
3rd-DAS
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Abstract
Objectives:  To investigate associations between number of children and partnership with depressive symptoms among older Europeans and assess whether associations are greater in Eastern than Western countries. We further analyze whether associations are mediated by provision and receipt of emotional and financial support. Methods:  Using cross-sectional data for five Eastern (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Georgia, Romania, and Russia) and four Western European countries (Belgium, France, Norway, and Sweden) (n = 15,352), we investigated variation in depressive symptoms using linear regression. We fitted conditional change score models for depressive symptoms using longitudinal data for four countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Georgia, and France) (n = 3,978). Results:  Unpartnered women and men had more depressive symptoms than the partnered. In Eastern, but not Western, European countries childlessness and having one compared with two children were associated with more depressive symptoms. Formal tests indicated that partnership and number of children were more strongly associated with depressive symptoms in Eastern than Western Europe. Discussion:  Availability of close family is more strongly associated with older people’s depressive symptoms in Eastern than Western Europe. The collapse of previous state supports and greater economic stress in Eastern Europe may mean that having a partner and children has a greater psychological impact than in Western countries.
Citation
Grundy , E , van den Broek , T & Keenan , K 2017 , ' Number of children, partnership status, and later-life depression in Eastern and Western Europe ' , Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences , vol. Advance Access . https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx050
Publication
Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx050
ISSN
1079-5014
Type
Journal article
Rights
© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
Description
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ ERC grant agreement n° 324055.
Collections
  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11316

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