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dc.contributor.authorCalaforra, José María
dc.contributor.authorGázquez, Fernando
dc.date.accessioned2017-07-25T15:30:16Z
dc.date.available2017-07-25T15:30:16Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier250563611
dc.identifier5bfcd0c1-f63c-4fc8-ab54-8216148c9495
dc.identifier85021772794
dc.identifier000406698000009
dc.identifier.citationCalaforra , J M & Gázquez , F 2017 , ' Gypsum speleogenesis : A hydrogeological classification of gypsum caves ' , International Journal of Speleology , vol. 46 , no. 2 , pp. 251-265 . https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.46.2.2125en
dc.identifier.issn0392-6672
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/11282
dc.description.abstractThis article reviews the state of the art of speleogenetic investigations in gypsum karsts from numerous studies carried out over the past 50 years in Spain. A classification of gypsum karsts is proposed based on the hydrogeological, tectonic and stratigraphic criteria that decisively control the evolution of gypsum karsts. In this respect, lithological aspects of Messinian and Triassic-Permian gypsum series in south-eastern Spain are considered, such as the alternation of rhythmic levels of marl and gypsum, as well as geodynamic aspects. The influence of the hydrogeological characteristics of evaporite aquifers on gypsum cave speleogenesis is discussed; this includes speleogenetic processes in confined, semi-confined or free aquifers controlled by regional and local base levels. Also, the importance of intense saline diapiric uplift is examined. To illustrate our classification, examples of gypsum caves developed in Spain are presented. Their similarities and differences with gypsum karsts in other regions (Italy, Ukraine, and USA) are discussed. A first general division addresses: (1) caves controlled by stratigraphic factors and (2) caves controlled by tectonic factors. Several typologies can be described, including (A) multilayer caves with confined hydrogeological origin, (B) confined hypophreatic caves with linear or maze configurations, (C) caves controlled by the variation or remanence of regional or local base-levels, and (D) caves controlled by the halokinetic evolution of salt/gypsum diapirs. The proposed classification is flexible and adaptable to each case, because different genetic mechanisms can coincide in time and space. Likewise, most considerations stated in this work about gypsum karst are valid for speleogenesis in other rock types.
dc.format.extent15
dc.format.extent42178191
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Speleologyen
dc.subjectCavesen
dc.subjectGypsumen
dc.subjectKarsten
dc.subjectSpeleogenesisen
dc.subjectQE Geologyen
dc.subjectGeologyen
dc.subjectEarth-Surface Processesen
dc.subjectT-NDASen
dc.subject.lccQEen
dc.titleGypsum speleogenesis : A hydrogeological classification of gypsum cavesen
dc.typeJournal articleen
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of St Andrews. Earth and Environmental Sciencesen
dc.identifier.doi10.5038/1827-806X.46.2.2125
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden


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