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Response of deep subsurface microbial community to different carbon sources and electron acceptors during ∼2 months incubation in microcosms

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Date
20/02/2017
Author
Purkamo, Lotta
Bomberg, Malin
Nyyssönen, Mari
Ahonen, Lasse
Kukkonen, Ilmo
Itävaara, Merja
Keywords
Acetate
Heterotrophy
Autotrophy
Deep biosphere
Crystalline terrestrial bedrock
Enrichment culture
Competition
Sulfate reducing bacteria
QR Microbiology
DAS
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Abstract
Acetate plays a key role as electron donor and acceptor and serves as carbon source in oligotrophic deep subsurface. It can be produced from inorganic carbon by acetogenic microbes or through breakdown of more complex organic matter. Acetate is an important molecule for sulfate reducers that are substantially present in several deep bedrock environments. Aceticlastic methanogens use acetate as an electron donor and/or a carbon source. The goal of this study was to shed light on carbon cycling and competition in microbial communities in fracture fluids of Finnish crystalline bedrock groundwater system. Fracture fluid was anaerobically collected from a fracture zone at 967 m depth of the Outokumpu Deep Drill Hole and amended with acetate, acetate+sulfate, sulfate only or left unamended as a control and incubated up to 68 days. The headspace atmosphere of microcosms consisted of 80% hydrogen and 20% CO2. We studied the changes in the microbial communities with community fingerprinting technique as well as high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The amended microcosms hosted more diverse bacterial communities compared to the intrinsic fracture zone community and the control treatment without amendments. The majority of the bacterial populations enriched with acetate belonged to clostridial hydrogenotrophic thiosulfate reducers and alphaproteobacteria affiliating with groups earlier found from subsurface and groundwater environments. We detected a slight increase in sulfate reducers the 68 days of incubation and the microbial community changed significantly during the experiment, but increase in specifically acetate-cycling microbial groups was not observed.
Citation
Purkamo , L , Bomberg , M , Nyyssönen , M , Ahonen , L , Kukkonen , I & Itävaara , M 2017 , ' Response of deep subsurface microbial community to different carbon sources and electron acceptors during ∼2 months incubation in microcosms ' , Frontiers in Microbiology , vol. 8 , 232 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00232
Publication
Frontiers in Microbiology
Status
Peer reviewed
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00232
ISSN
1664-302X
Type
Journal article
Rights
© 2017 Purkamo, Bomberg, Nyyssönen, Ahonen, Kukkonen and Itävaara. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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  • University of St Andrews Research
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10481

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