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dc.contributor.advisorO'Brien, Phillips Payson
dc.contributor.advisorStrachan, Hew
dc.contributor.authorSundlisaeter, Tale
dc.coverage.spatialxviii, 203 p.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-11T12:51:10Z
dc.date.available2022-11-11T12:51:10Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-29
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/26378
dc.description.abstractNorway’s main impetus for developing national military satellite-based capability was the 1977 introduction of the EEZ, through which Norway became responsible for vast maritime areas in the High North. These capabilities also underpinned Norway’s intelligence mission that entailed monitoring Russian military activity, especially the Kola Bay-based Russian strategic forces in the vicinity of Norway. Norway developed niche technologies for military use predominantly based on civilian satellites, and ESA became an essential instrument as it enabled Norway to develop indigenous satellite-based services for the Norwegian Armed Forces. Norway in turn used this capability to reinforce its military relations with the United States and key allies within the NATO framework. Following the pivotal military space strategic review in 2014/2015, the Norwegian Armed Forces developed a function-oriented management structure and incorporated space as a new military domain. National security implications of space were finally incorporated into Norwegian space policy, and Norway has since developed a wide range of national space capabilities, all of which support the nation’s defence and security objectives. This thesis examines how Norwegian military space activity fits into the nation’s overall defence and security policy and argues this activity and the associated national capability development has emerged as a strategic asset in Norwegian alliance policy. This activity reflects upon relations between national policymakers and practitioners, and has contributed to obscure the notion of civil-military separation in Norway. The activity also demonstrates the existence of two unofficial space doctrines in Norway. One focuses on intelligence and the other on force enhancement. The 2020 appointment of the Norwegian Intelligence Service as Norway’s military space authority demonstrates the value of space for intelligence activities supersedes other uses of the domain. Lastly, the study has identified a notable discrepancy between Norwegian military space activity and how space is addressed in national military doctrine.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectSpaceen_US
dc.subjectSpace poweren_US
dc.subjectSpacepoweren_US
dc.subjectNorwayen_US
dc.subjectSmall statesen_US
dc.subjectPolicyen_US
dc.subjectDefence policyen_US
dc.subjectSecurity policyen_US
dc.subjectDefence and security policyen_US
dc.subjectMilitary spaceen_US
dc.subjectMilitaryen_US
dc.subjectMilitary space poweren_US
dc.subjectDomestic politicsen_US
dc.subjectNational securityen_US
dc.subjectSpace policyen_US
dc.subjectStrategyen_US
dc.subjectSpace strategyen_US
dc.subjectDoctrineen_US
dc.subjectSpace doctrineen_US
dc.subjectSpace capabilityen_US
dc.subjectSpace cluben_US
dc.subjectRussiaen_US
dc.subjectHigh Northen_US
dc.subjectArcticen_US
dc.subjectHigh north policyen_US
dc.subjectArctic policyen_US
dc.subjectMilitary affairsen_US
dc.subjectMilitary strategyen_US
dc.subjectMilitary doctrineen_US
dc.subjectNATOen_US
dc.subjectBilateral relationsen_US
dc.subjectIntelligenceen_US
dc.subjectMilitary intelligenceen_US
dc.subjectISRen_US
dc.subjectIntelligence, surveillance and reconnaissanceen_US
dc.subjectSatcomen_US
dc.subjectSatellite communicationsen_US
dc.subjectMilitary space strategic reviewen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian space policyen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian space strategyen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian military space policyen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian military space strategyen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian military space doctrineen_US
dc.subjectRevolution in Military Affairsen_US
dc.subjectRMAen_US
dc.subjectNetwork Centric Warfareen_US
dc.subjectSecurity studiesen_US
dc.subjectSpace securityen_US
dc.subjectMilitary bureaucracyen_US
dc.subjectBureaucracyen_US
dc.subjectSpace programen_US
dc.subjectMilitary space programen_US
dc.subjectMilitary space capabilityen_US
dc.subjectInter-service rivalryen_US
dc.subjectSpace and intelligenceen_US
dc.subjectSpace and the militaryen_US
dc.subjectProgram spaceen_US
dc.subjectInternational relationsen_US
dc.subjectSmall state contributions to global politicsen_US
dc.subjectInternational relations of outer spaceen_US
dc.subjectBureaucratic organisationen_US
dc.subjectPolicy developmenten_US
dc.subjectNorwegian policy developmenten_US
dc.subjectPolicymakers and practicionersen_US
dc.subjectCivil-military separationen_US
dc.subjectDual-useen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian Intelligence Serviceen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian Navyen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian Air Forceen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian Defence Research Establishmenten_US
dc.subjectFFIen_US
dc.subjectInternational affairsen_US
dc.subjectGlobal politicsen_US
dc.subjectSatelliteen_US
dc.subjectSatellitesen_US
dc.subjectSpace-baseden_US
dc.subjectIntelligence studiesen_US
dc.subjectStudies in intelligenceen_US
dc.subjectSpace power doctrinesen_US
dc.subjectWestern European Unionen_US
dc.subjectWEUen_US
dc.subjectMilitary access to space capabilityen_US
dc.subjectMilitary space activity and international affairsen_US
dc.subjectMilitary space activity and foreign affairsen_US
dc.subjectDeterrence and reassuranceen_US
dc.subjectIntegration and screeningen_US
dc.subjectSpace as a security policy toolen_US
dc.subjectSpace as a foreign policy toolen_US
dc.subjectSpace and foreign policyen_US
dc.subjectThe second space ageen_US
dc.subjectSpace surveillanceen_US
dc.subjectSatellite reconnaissanceen_US
dc.subjectSmall satellitesen_US
dc.subjectSpace systemsen_US
dc.subjectNetwork-centric defenceen_US
dc.subjectNet-centric defenceen_US
dc.subjectNet-centric warfareen_US
dc.subjectNetwork-based defenceen_US
dc.subjectCommercial satellitesen_US
dc.subjectCommercial spaceen_US
dc.subjectNew spaceen_US
dc.subjectCyber defence forceen_US
dc.subjectCyforen_US
dc.subjectCommercial satellite imageryen_US
dc.subjectImagery intelligenceen_US
dc.subjectIminten_US
dc.subjectAissat-1en_US
dc.subjectNorwegian Armed Forcesen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian Ministry of Defenceen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian Space Agencyen_US
dc.subjectHaakon Bruun-Hanssenen_US
dc.subjectNorwegianspaceen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian spaceen_US
dc.subjectSpace authorityen_US
dc.subjectMilitary space authorityen_US
dc.subjectØystein Bøen_US
dc.subjectArctic great poweren_US
dc.subjectNorwegian space poweren_US
dc.subjectSvalbarden_US
dc.subjectSvalbard archipelagoen_US
dc.subjectSvalbard Treatyen_US
dc.subjectSpace lawen_US
dc.subjectInternational space lawen_US
dc.subjectSpace legislationen_US
dc.subjectMaritime patrol aircraften_US
dc.subjectSpace operationsen_US
dc.subjectSpace middle poweren_US
dc.subjectSpace middle powersen_US
dc.subjectSpace as a strategic asseten_US
dc.subjectNorwegian doctrineen_US
dc.subjectNorwegian joint doctrineen_US
dc.subjectMilitary space activityen_US
dc.subjectJan Eirik Finsethen_US
dc.subjectKjell Grandhagenen_US
dc.subjectNils Helleen_US
dc.subjectRune Jakobsenen_US
dc.subjectPetter Jansenen_US
dc.subjectHenry Kjell Johansenen_US
dc.subjectStig Eivind Nilssonen_US
dc.subjectRichard B. Olsenen_US
dc.subjectOdd Egil Pedersenen_US
dc.subjectPer-Egil Ryggen_US
dc.subjectTom Rykkenen_US
dc.subjectLars Saunesen_US
dc.subjectNils Andreas Stensønesen_US
dc.subjectTerje Wahlen_US
dc.subjectJames Armoren_US
dc.subjectJames E. Cartwrighten_US
dc.subjectJames R. Clapperen_US
dc.subjectDavid A. Deptulaen_US
dc.subjectLance Lorden_US
dc.subjectPeter Marquezen_US
dc.subjectKevin O'Connellen_US
dc.subjectJean-Daniel Testéen_US
dc.subjectJohann-Dietrich Wörneren_US
dc.subjectEuropean Space Agencyen_US
dc.subjectESAen_US
dc.subjectKingdom of Norwayen_US
dc.subjectSpace and defence policyen_US
dc.subjectCivil-militaryen_US
dc.titleSpace power in the High North : perspectives from the kingdom of Norwayen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
dc.contributor.sponsorNorwegian Intelligence Service (NIS)en_US
dc.contributor.sponsorNorwegian Defence Command and Staff College (NDCSC)en_US
dc.contributor.sponsorRoyal Norwegian Air War Collegeen_US
dc.contributor.sponsorNorway. Forsvarets forskningsinstitutten_US
dc.contributor.sponsorNorwegian Defence Materiel Agencyen_US
dc.type.qualificationlevelDoctoralen_US
dc.type.qualificationnamePhD Doctor of Philosophyen_US
dc.publisher.institutionThe University of St Andrewsen_US
dc.publisher.departmentNorwegian Defence University Collegeen_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.17630/sta/220


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    Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    Except where otherwise noted within the work, this item's licence for re-use is described as Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International