Opportunity, ethnic identity and resources in ethnic mobilisation : the cases of the Kurds in Iraq and the Abkhaz in Georgia
Abstract
The cases of the Kurds in Iraq and the Abkhaz in Georgia were chosen to
illustrate how ethnic entrepreneurs play a crucial role in the ethnic mobilisation
process. The study argues that in both cases a combination of variables was at
work. These cases seem unlikely comparisons at first. The primary challenge
appeared to be dealing with cases that involve different contexts and identities.
However, in both cases entrepreneurs exploited an appropriate domestic
environment to start the process and they perceived the opportunities provided
by external intervention and the state’s policy towards their groups as
incentives. Choosing the intermediate variables depends on the understanding
that each one provides part of the explanation. Political opportunity structure
directs the attention to the cost-benefit analyses of ethnic entrepreneurs and
their perceptions of the available opportunity. Ethnic identity politicisation
illustrates the role of ethnic entrepreneurs in choosing and activating identities.
Finally, resource mobilisation is essential in conflict as any conflict requires
resources that are consumed throughout its various stages. These resources are
also used by ethnic entrepreneurs to reward their followers and guarantee
loyalty, or sometimes to provide material incentives to reassure those unconvinced of the movement's potential success against the central authorities.
Type
Thesis, PhD Doctor of Philosophy
Rights
Embargo Date: 2021-05-18
Embargo Reason: Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 18th May 2021
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