Studies of the foraging behaviour, activity patterns and community structure of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) pollinating field beans (Vicia faba) and phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) in Eastern Scotland

Abstract

The nectar profiles of twelve cultivars of field bean (Vicia faha), and of Phacelia tanacetifolia in eastern Scotland were analysed in relation to climatic variables. Observations were made of the activity patterns of Apis mellifera and six species of bumblebees on the experimental cultivars of V. faba and on a large commercial crop of Phacelia. Foraging behaviour and flower visitation rates were analysed in relation to bee species, nectar rewards and to the architecture of the crop. The species composition of the bee communities on V. faba and Phacelia was recorded during timed walks and is discussed in relation to floral structure and to interspecific differences among bumblebees. Scientific literature relating to the pollination of field beans is reviewed in detail.