An investigation of teaching behaviour in primates and birds
Abstract
Many animals socially learn, but very few do so through teaching, where an
individual modifies its behaviour in order to facilitate learning for another in
individual. Teaching behaviour is costly, but can confer numerous advantages,
such as high fidelity transmission of information or an increase in the rate of social
learning. In many putative cases of teaching, it is not known whether the pupil
learns from the modified behaviour. This thesis addresses this issue in three cases
of potential teaching behaviour.
In particular, it investigates whether the role of food transfers in wild golden lion
tamarins is to teach which foods are good to eat (Chapter 5). There was little
evidence that novel foods were transferred more than familiar foods, and this was
not due to the juveniles attempting to obtain novel foods more than familiar ones,
or by adults discarding novel foods more than familiar ones. Transfers were
however more successful when donors had previously ingested the food type
transferred. Successful food transfers also had a positive correlation with foraging
choices once juveniles were older, suggesting they learned from food transfers.
In golden lion tamarins, this thesis also examined whether juveniles learned from
food-offering calls which substrates were good to forage on (Chapter 6). Juveniles
that experienced playback of food-offering calls ate more on a novel substrate,
than juveniles that did not experience those playbacks, both immediately as the
calls were being played, and in the long term, six months after the playbacks. This
suggests that juveniles learned from the playbacks.
Finally, this thesis attempted to replicate previous findings showing that hens
modify their behaviour when chicks feed from seemingly unpalatable food, and
explored whether chicks learned what food to eat based on the maternal display
(Chapter 7). The experiment failed to find evidence for teaching behaviour, but
results were not inconsistent with previous findings. Moreover, there was little
evidence that chicks learned from their mother, quite to the contrary, hens seemed
to acquire their foraging decisions based on their chicks’ choices.
Type
Thesis, PhD Doctor of Philosophy
Rights
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