2024-03-29T00:50:28Zhttps://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/oai/requestoai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/111942022-04-06T15:32:03Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
An analysis of pilot whale vocalization activity using hidden Markov models
Popov, Valentin Mina
Langrock, Roland
De Ruiter, Stacy Lynn
Visser, Fleur
Office of Naval Research
University of St Andrews. Statistics
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
GC Oceanography
QH301 Biology
QA Mathematics
QL Zoology
NDAS
GC
QH301
QA
QL
Vocalizations of cetaceans form a key component of their social interactions. Such vocalization activity is driven by the behavioral states of the whales, which are not directly observable, so that latent-state models are natural candidates for modeling empirical data on vocalizations. In this paper, we use hidden Markov models to analyze calling activity of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) recorded over three years in the Vestfjord basin off Lofoten, Norway. Baseline models are used to motivate the use of three states, while more complex models are fit to study the influence of covariates on the state-switching dynamics. Our analysis demonstrates the potential usefulness of hidden Markov models in concisely yet accurately describing the stochastic patterns found in animal communication data, thereby providing a framework for drawing meaningful biological inference.
Postprint
Peer reviewed
2017-01
2017-07-12T23:34:15Z
2017-07-12T23:34:15Z
2017-07-12
Journal article
Popov , V M , Langrock , R , De Ruiter , S L & Visser , F 2017 , ' An analysis of pilot whale vocalization activity using hidden Markov models ' , Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol. 141 , no. 1 , pp. 159-171 . https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4973624
0001-4966
PURE: 248904926
PURE UUID: 33319143-75fc-4fb8-be55-5b2c0951aaf5
Scopus: 85009446520
WOS: 000395308700030
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11194
https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4973624
N00014-12-1-0204
eng
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
© 2017, Acoustical Society of America. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at asa.scitation.org / https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4973624
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/270262023-04-08T01:30:04Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Chiral and catalytic effects of site-specific molecular adsorption
Borca, Bogdana
Michnowicz, Tomasz
Aguilar-Galindo, Fernando
Pétuya, Rémi
Pristl, Marcel
Schendel, Verena
Pentegov, Ivan
Kraft, Ulrike
Klauk, Hagen
Wahl, Peter
Arnau, Andrés
Schlickum, Uta
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. Centre for Designer Quantum Materials
University of St Andrews. Condensed Matter Physics
QD Chemistry
NDAS
MCC
QD
Funding: Open access funded by Max Planck Society. The authors acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy-EXC-2123 Quantum Frontiers - 390837967; Core program PC2-PN23080202 and the PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2021-0378 (contract no. 575PED/2022) granted projects, financed by the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization/UEFISCDI; and the generous allocation of computer time at the computing center of Donostia International Physics Center and at the Red Española de Supercomputación (project QHS-2021-2-0019). A.A. acknowledges support from Project No. PID2019-103910GB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa, and Project No. IT-1527-22 funded by the Basque Government.
The changes of properties and preferential interactions based on subtle energetic differences are important characteristics of organic molecules, particularly for their functionalities in biological systems. Only slightly energetically favored interactions are important for the molecular adsorption and bonding to surfaces, which define their properties for further technological applications. Here, prochiral tetracenothiophene molecules are adsorbed on the Cu(111) surface. The chiral adsorption configurations are determined by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy studies and confirmed by first-principles calculations. Remarkably, the selection of the adsorption sites by chemically different moieties of the molecules is dictated by the arrangement of the atoms in the first and second surface layers. Furthermore, we have investigated the thermal effects on the direct desulfurization reaction that occurs under the catalytic activity of the Cu substrate. This reaction leads to a product that is covalently bound to the surface in chiral configurations.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2023-03-02
2023-02-21T17:30:05Z
2023-02-21T17:30:05Z
Journal article
Borca , B , Michnowicz , T , Aguilar-Galindo , F , Pétuya , R , Pristl , M , Schendel , V , Pentegov , I , Kraft , U , Klauk , H , Wahl , P , Arnau , A & Schlickum , U 2023 , ' Chiral and catalytic effects of site-specific molecular adsorption ' , The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters , vol. 14 , no. 8 , pp. 2072-2077 . https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03575
1948-7185
PURE: 283410195
PURE UUID: 1b558622-9594-4e4b-82d9-66471d916157
RIS: urn:2CD0D22B143AB340EF7E4ADDBA19D49E
ORCID: /0000-0002-8635-1519/work/129147236
Scopus: 85148670176
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27026
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03575
eng
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
6
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/149462019-04-01T10:02:25Zcom_10023_126com_10023_31col_10023_129
Femtosecond optical parametric oscillators for the mid-infrared
McGowan, Cathrine
Sibbett, Wilson
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
TK7872.O7M5
Oscillators
Optical parametric oscillators
The research presented in this thesis is concerned with the generation and characterisation of femtosecond pulses in the near and mid-infrared spectral regions. The three optical parametric oscillators which were constructed were synchronously- pumped by a self-modelocked femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. Noncollinear critical birefringent phasematching was used in an oscillator based on KTiOAsO4, which was tunable from 1.03 to 1.2 mum and 2.51 to 4.1 mum by varying the crystal angle. The mid-infrared pulses were sub-100 fs, and essentially free from frequency chirp. With appropriate dispersion compensation the near-infrared signal pulses were temporally compressed to 69 fs. Theoretical models of noncollinear phasematching were derived and the results agreed closely with experiment. A novel optical parametric oscillator design based on a semi-monolithic noncritically phasematched RbTiOAsO4 crystal was implemented. This unique cavity configuration allowed independent focussing of the pump and signal beams within the crystal. It facilitated a reduction in cavity length to bring the signal pulse repetition rate into synchronism with the second (172 MHz) and fourth (344 MHz) harmonics of the pump pulse repetition frequency. Extraction efficiencies as high as 55% were observed. Quasi-phasematched femtosecond optical parametric oscillation was demonstrated in periodically poled lithium niobate. This device offered extensive tunability, covering 0.975 to 1.54 mum in the signal branch and 1.67 to 4.55 mum in the idler branch, from a combination of grating, pump wavelength and cavity length tuning. A theoretical model indicated that a very broad gain bandwidth allowed the wide tuning range. An attractively low oscillation threshold of 45 mW was recorded, and a visible output of 70 mW at 540 nm was observed, caused by simultaneously phasematched frequency-doubling of the signal output. The pulses from the Ti:sapphire laser and from the optical parametric oscillators were characterised by autocorrelation and frequency-resolved optical gating techniques. A highly advantageous autocorrelator arrangement based on quadratic nonlinearity in light-emitting diodes and photodiodes was demonstrated, and a novel second harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating system allowed real-time monitoring of pulsed outputs and complete characterisation of the intensity and phase of pulses.
1998-02
2018-07-05T08:16:22Z
2018-07-05T08:16:22Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14946
en
application/pdf
227 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/133482023-04-18T23:43:51Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Taking the long view
Boyd, Ian Lamont
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
JF Political institutions (General)
Q Science
JF
Q
Postprint
Non peer reviewed
2016-12-20
2018-05-16T11:30:06Z
2018-05-16T11:30:06Z
Journal item
Boyd , I L 2016 , ' Taking the long view ' , Nature , vol. 540 , no. 7634 , pp. 520-521 . https://doi.org/10.1038/540520a
0028-0836
PURE: 252042197
PURE UUID: 95775627-7f00-4931-b122-8c9fd8a42d3b
Scopus: 85018780745
WOS: 000391190500030
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13348
https://doi.org/10.1038/540520a
eng
Nature
Copyright © 2016, the Author. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/540520a
2
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/274502023-04-25T13:30:24Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
From colonialism to communism : the Christian Church’s response to Hong Kong’s 1997 handover
Chu, Ann Gillian
University of St Andrews. School of Divinity
Theological ethics
Political theology
Public theology
World Christianity
Post-colonial studies
Hong Kong studies
1997 handover
BR Christianity
T-NDAS
NIS
MCC
BR
This paper explores the case study of how Christianity has shaped the ethical outlooks of Hong Kong around the 1997 handover. It addresses the question of the role of theology and ethics in the public sphere, especially how Christianity informs political realities in Hong Kong. The Christian Church’s varied response raises the question of how the Church in Hong Kong can improve its approach to socio-political issues and interactions with the post-colonial Hong Kong government. This paper argues for Hong Kong theologians to develop a theology that is most suitable for the Hong Kong context because its decolonisation process is unique compared to other former colonies. The effects of Hong Kong’s colonisation and subsequent decolonisation on the Christian Church and society at large are discussed, followed by an analysis of the Church’s attempts to react to the handover, pointing out several different approaches, such as migrating to the Western world, perceiving China as a mission field, and participating in social demonstrations. This paper acknowledges the heavy borrowing of foreign theology, and the pragmatism of the Hong Kong people, which leads to a lack of systematic teaching on how Christians should interact with socio-political issues. There is a need for the Church to take a more critical role in society, which requires collaboration with local theologians to shape a theological view that is suitable for Hong Kong Christians and society. Processing politics through the Christian ethical outlook allows for a dialogue with the government for the Christian Church to perform its prophetic role in society.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2021-11-04
2023-04-21T08:30:02Z
2023-04-21T08:30:02Z
Journal article
Chu , A G 2021 , ' From colonialism to communism : the Christian Church’s response to Hong Kong’s 1997 handover ' , Journal of the Oxford Graduate Theological Society , vol. 2 , no. 2 , 10 , pp. 88-101 . < https://jogts.org/index.php/jogts/article/view/31 >
PURE: 284331964
PURE UUID: 7562e3c1-28aa-4519-8fb0-53d290c4c8d5
ORCID: /0000-0002-2043-715X/work/92020220
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27450
https://jogts.org/index.php/jogts/article/view/31
eng
Journal of the Oxford Graduate Theological Society
Copyright © 2021 The Author. Open Access. JOGTS is published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/44252024-02-15T00:41:39Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Looking forward through the past : identification of 50 priority research questions in palaeoecology
Seddon, Alistair W. R.
Mackay, Anson W.
Baker, Ambroise G.
Birks, H. John B.
Breman, Elinor
Buck, Caitlin E.
Ellis, Erle C.
Froyd, Cynthia A.
Gill, Jacquelyn L.
Gillson, Lindsey
Johnson, Edward A.
Jones, Vivienne J.
Juggins, Stephen
Macias-Fauria, Marc
Mills, Keely
Morris, Jesse L.
Nogues-Bravo, David
Punyasena, Surangi W.
Roland, Thomas P.
Tanentzap, Andrew J.
Willis, Kathy J.
Aberhan, Martin
van Asperen, Eline N.
Austin, William E. N.
Battarbee, Rick W.
Bhagwat, Shonil
Belanger, Christina L.
Bennett, Keith David
Birks, Hilary H.
Ramsey, Christopher Bronk
Brooks, Stephen J.
de Bruyn, Mark
Butler, Paul G.
Chambers, Frank M.
Clarke, Stewart J.
Davies, Althea L.
Dearing, John A.
Ezard, Thomas H. G.
Feurdean, Angelica
Flower, Roger J.
Gell, Peter
Hausmann, Sonja
Hogan, Erika J.
Hopkins, Melanie J.
Jeffers, Elizabeth S.
Korhola, Atte A.
Marchant, Robert
Kiefer, Thorsten
Lamentowicz, Mariusz
Larocque-Tobler, Isabelle
Lopez-Merino, Lourdes
Liow, Lee H.
McGowan, Suzanne
Miller, Joshua H.
Montoya, Encarni
Morton, Oliver
Nogue, Sandra
Onoufriou, Chloe
Boush, Lisa P.
Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco
Rose, Neil L.
Sayer, Carl D.
Shaw, Helen E.
Payne, Richard
Simpson, Gavin
Sohar, Kadri
Whitehouse, Nicki J.
Williams, John W.
Witkowski, Andrzej
University of St Andrews. Geography & Sustainable Development
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
Anthropocene
Biodiversity
Conservation
ecology and evolution
human-environment interactions
long-term ecology
palaeoecology
palaeoecology and land-use history
research priorities
Palaeo50
Eastern North-America
Ecological questions
Hemlock decline
Climate-change
Management
Reconstructions
Pollen
Future
QE Geology
SDG 13 - Climate Action
SDG 15 - Life on Land
QE
Priority question exercises are becoming an increasingly common tool to frame future agendas in conservation and ecological science. They are an effective way to identify research foci that advance the field and that also have high policy and conservation relevance. To date, there has been no coherent synthesis of key questions and priority research areas for palaeoecology, which combines biological, geochemical and molecular techniques in order to reconstruct past ecological and environmental systems on time-scales from decades to millions of years. We adapted a well-established methodology to identify 50 priority research questions in palaeoecology. Using a set of criteria designed to identify realistic and achievable research goals, we selected questions from a pool submitted by the international palaeoecology research community and relevant policy practitioners. The integration of online participation, both before and during the workshop, increased international engagement in question selection. The questions selected are structured around six themes: human-environment interactions in the Anthropocene; biodiversity, conservation and novel ecosystems; biodiversity over long time-scales; ecosystem processes and biogeochemical cycling; comparing, combining and synthesizing information from multiple records; and new developments in palaeoecology. Future opportunities in palaeoecology are related to improved incorporation of uncertainty into reconstructions, an enhanced understanding of ecological and evolutionary dynamics and processes and the continued application of long-term data for better-informed landscape management.Synthesis. Palaeoecology is a vibrant and thriving discipline, and these 50 priority questions highlight its potential for addressing both pure (e.g. ecological and evolutionary, methodological) and applied (e.g. environmental and conservation) issues related to ecological science and global change.
Peer reviewed
2014-01
2014-01-31T10:01:03Z
2014-01-31T10:01:03Z
Journal article
93273664
232b4056-fe84-4b16-85e6-57535771c896
000328555600028
84890286410
000328555600028
Seddon , A W R , Mackay , A W , Baker , A G , Birks , H J B , Breman , E , Buck , C E , Ellis , E C , Froyd , C A , Gill , J L , Gillson , L , Johnson , E A , Jones , V J , Juggins , S , Macias-Fauria , M , Mills , K , Morris , J L , Nogues-Bravo , D , Punyasena , S W , Roland , T P , Tanentzap , A J , Willis , K J , Aberhan , M , van Asperen , E N , Austin , W E N , Battarbee , R W , Bhagwat , S , Belanger , C L , Bennett , K D , Birks , H H , Ramsey , C B , Brooks , S J , de Bruyn , M , Butler , P G , Chambers , F M , Clarke , S J , Davies , A L , Dearing , J A , Ezard , T H G , Feurdean , A , Flower , R J , Gell , P , Hausmann , S , Hogan , E J , Hopkins , M J , Jeffers , E S , Korhola , A A , Marchant , R , Kiefer , T , Lamentowicz , M , Larocque-Tobler , I , Lopez-Merino , L , Liow , L H , McGowan , S , Miller , J H , Montoya , E , Morton , O , Nogue , S , Onoufriou , C , Boush , L P , Rodriguez-Sanchez , F , Rose , N L , Sayer , C D , Shaw , H E , Payne , R , Simpson , G , Sohar , K , Whitehouse , N J , Williams , J W & Witkowski , A 2014 , ' Looking forward through the past : identification of 50 priority research questions in palaeoecology ' , Journal of Ecology , vol. 102 , no. 1 , pp. 256-267 . https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12195
0022-0477
ORCID: /0000-0002-8982-7471/work/52888755
ORCID: /0000-0002-3423-1531/work/39732438
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/4425
10.1111/1365-2745.12195
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12195
eng
Journal of Ecology
12
450397
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/212402024-03-07T00:44:27Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
North Macedonia : a surprise
Kamusella, Tomasz
University of St Andrews. School of History
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Institute for Transnational & Spatial History
North Macedonia
Macedonia
Ethnolinguistic nationalism
Language policy
Greece
Balkan politics
DR Balkan Peninsula
3rd-DAS
DR
Following the wars of Yugoslav succession, during the last two decades, Macedonia evolved from central Europe’s (‘Balkan’) typical ethnolinguistic nation-state into a studiously and painstakingly negotiated and constructed polyglot and multiethnic civic national polity for all the country’s inhabitants— or ‘Macedoners’—irrespective of any linguistic, religious or ethnic differences. This form of statehood is commonly, but rather shortsightedly, seen as characteristic of western Europe. However, in many ways, civic national identification, as practiced now in North Macedonia, draws at the Ottoman tradition of the peaceful coexistence of the millets, or ethnoreligious groups that used to be organized as non-territorial autonomies in this Islamic empire. The article takes stock of the political and ideological situation in Macedonia after Skopje / Shkup reached the long awaited rapprochement with Athens in 2019. The price of changing the country’s name to ‘North Macedonia’ appears to have been well worth paying, because the Macedonian-Greek agreement opened the path to NATO and EU membership for this country. Obviously, only the future will show whether Skopje / Shkup successfully seizes this rare opportunity, and if North Macedonia’s neighbors and western Europe facilitate this process.
Peer reviewed
2020-12-23
2021-01-07T15:30:09Z
2021-01-07T15:30:09Z
Journal article
271820938
d939e12c-2c8c-4e04-a976-a85c38dadaf3
Kamusella , T 2020 , ' North Macedonia : a surprise ' , Sprawy Narodowościowe / Nationalities Affairs , vol. 52 , 2253 . https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2253
1230-1698
ORCID: /0000-0003-3484-8352/work/85855492
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/21240
10.11649/sn.2253
https://ispan.waw.pl/journals/index.php/sn/issue/view/120/showToc
eng
Sprawy Narodowościowe / Nationalities Affairs
33
14761997
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/33022022-04-14T11:31:46Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
A model for 3-methyladenine recognition by 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I (TAG) from Staphylococcus aureus
Zhu, Xiaofeng
Yan, Xuan
Carter, Lester G.
Liu, Huanting
Graham, Shirley
Coote, Peter J.
Naismith, James
BBSRC
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I
Fluorescence measurements
ITC
DNA repair
Recognition
QD Chemistry
QD
The removal of chemically damaged DNA bases such as 3-methyladenine (3-MeA) is an essential process in all living organisms and is catalyzed by the enzyme 3-MeA DNA glycosylase I. A key question is how the enzyme selectively recognizes the alkylated 3-MeA over the much more abundant adenine. The crystal structures of native and Y16F-mutant 3-MeA DNA glycosylase I from Staphylococcus aureus in complex with 3-MeA are reported to 1.8 and 2.2 angstrom resolution, respectively. Isothermal titration calorimetry shows that protonation of 3-MeA decreases its binding affinity, confirming previous fluorescence studies that show that chargecharge recognition is not critical for the selection of 3-MeA over adenine. It is hypothesized that the hydrogen-bonding pattern of Glu38 and Tyr16 of 3-MeA DNA glycosylase I with a particular tautomer unique to 3-MeA contributes to recognition and selection.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2012-06
2012-12-14T16:01:02Z
2012-12-14T16:01:02Z
Journal article
Zhu , X , Yan , X , Carter , L G , Liu , H , Graham , S , Coote , P J & Naismith , J 2012 , ' A model for 3-methyladenine recognition by 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I (TAG) from Staphylococcus aureus ' , Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications , vol. 68 , pp. 610-615 . https://doi.org/10.1107/S1744309112016363
1744-3091
PURE: 28219867
PURE UUID: d6c9d916-b470-4de9-9319-d8da48d7729a
WOS: 000305073600001
Scopus: 84862214827
ORCID: /0000-0001-5190-805X/work/40963217
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3302
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1744309112016363
BBS/B/14426
eng
Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications
Copyright © International Union of Crystallography.
6
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/106252023-04-18T10:08:43Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Estimating Key Largo woodrat abundance using spatially explicit capture–recapture and trapping point transects
Potts, Joanne Marie
Buckland, Stephen Terrence
Thomas, Len
Savage, Anne
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
University of St Andrews. Statistics
Abundance
Distance sampling
Key Largo woodrat
Neotoma floridana smalli
Small mammals
Spatially explicit capture–recapture
Trapping point transects
GE Environmental Sciences
QH301 Biology
NDAS
GE
QH301
JMP was funded by Disney's Animal Programs, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and University of St Andrews.
The Key Largo woodrat (Neotoma floridana smalli) is an endangered rodent with a restricted geographic range and small population size. Establishing an efficient monitoring program of its abundance has been problematic; previous trapping designs have not worked well because the species is sparsely distributed. We compared Key Largo woodrat abundance estimates in Key Largo, Florida, USA, obtained using trapping point transects (TPT) and spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) based on statistical properties, survey effort, practicality, and cost. Both methods combine aspects of distance sampling with capture–recapture, but TPT relies on radiotracking individuals to estimate detectability and SECR relies on repeat capture information to estimate densities of home ranges. Abundance estimates using TPT in the spring of 2007 and 2008 were 333 woodrats (CV = 0.46) and 696 (CV = 0.43), respectively. Abundance estimates using SECR in the spring, summer, and winter of 2007 were 97 (CV = 0.31), 334 (CV = 0.26), and 433 (CV = 0.20) animals, respectively. Trapping point transects used approximately 960 person-hours and 1,010 trap-nights/season. Spatially explicit capture–recapture used approximately 500 person-hours and 6,468 trap-nights/season. Significant time was saved in the SECR survey by setting large numbers of traps close together, minimizing time walking between traps. Trapping point transects were practical to implement in the field, and valuable auxiliary information on Key Largo woodrat behavior was obtained via radiocollaring. In this particular study, detectability of the woodrat using TPT was very low and consequently the SECR method was more efficient. Both methods require a substantial investment in survey effort to detect any change in abundance because of large uncertainty in estimates.
Postprint
Peer reviewed
2016-06
2017-04-17T23:33:47Z
2017-04-17T23:33:47Z
2017-04-17
Journal article
Potts , J M , Buckland , S T , Thomas , L & Savage , A 2016 , ' Estimating Key Largo woodrat abundance using spatially explicit capture–recapture and trapping point transects ' , Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol. 40 , no. 2 , pp. 331-338 . https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.651
1938-5463
PURE: 242039257
PURE UUID: 36ae9818-f615-4fec-bd04-80c5afbf233d
Bibtex: urn:ec945379e98d6772c046bb94f25bb0b1
Scopus: 84963516741
ORCID: /0000-0002-7436-067X/work/29591657
WOS: 000379601500017
ORCID: /0000-0002-9939-709X/work/73700977
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10625
https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.651
eng
Wildlife Society Bulletin
© 2016, Publisher / the Author(s). This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at onlinelibrary.wiley.com / https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/wsb.651
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/143032019-03-29T16:07:48Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Fleet Street's dilemma : the British press and the Soviet Union, 1933-1941
Nanson, Steffanie Jennifer
Vysny, Paul
DA566.7N2
Great Britain--Foreign relations--1910-1936
Press--Great Britain--History--20th century
British press opinion concerning the Soviet Union in the 1930s contributes to an understanding of the failed cooperation, prior to 1941, between the British and Soviet Governments. During the trial of six British engineers in Moscow in 1933, the conservative press jingoistically responded by demanding stringent economic action against the Soviet Union and possibly severing diplomatic cooperation. The liberal and labour press expected relations to improve to prevent similar trials of Britons in the future. Despite the strain in relations and ideological differences, between 1934 and 1935, Britain and the USSR worked for collective security. The quality conservative press was willing to support a closer relationship, though popular conservative newspapers remained anti-Soviet. The liberal and labour press, though hoping for more, expressed relief that Britain was improving relations with the Soviet Union. The Spanish Civil War led the conservative press to resume its non-collective beliefs and to become ideologically critical of the Soviet Union. The provincial conservative newspapers were the exceptions. Liberal and labour papers were annoyed with the British refusal to cooperate with the USSR over Spain and became disappointed by the Government's decision to support appeasement rather than collective action. While the British Government reviewed the benefits of collective security, the Moscow show trials damaged Britain's belief in the stability of the USSR. All papers realised there was something seriously wrong in the Soviet Union. The conservative press advocated avoiding cooperation with a country weakened by purging. The liberal and labour press, though concerned about the image of the USSR, realised that Britain required an East European ally and called for an improvement of existing relations. In 1939 nearly every newspaper demanded the British Government form an alliance with the USSR against Hitler's aggression and criticised both governments for wasting time. Condemnation of the Soviet Union's signing of the Nazi-Soviet pact and role in the partition of Poland was relatively limited as hope remained that Britain and the USSR would collaborate to defeat Hitler. However, the Winter War strained these hopes and led to intense press condemnation of the Soviet attack on Finland. Nevertheless, in July 1940 newspapers became interested in the emerging conflict of interests between Germany and the USSR. Despite criticism of Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe, the press accepted that Britain's security depended on the Soviet Union. All newspapers welcomed the alliance in 1941 and ignored ideological issues.
1997-07
2018-06-20T09:28:27Z
2018-06-20T09:28:27Z
Thesis
Doctoral
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14303
en
application/pdf
viii, 284 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/119622019-06-07T15:43:01Zcom_10023_51com_10023_18col_10023_53
Layered perovskites as cathode materials for IT-SOFC
Satapathy, Akshaya Kumar
Irvine, John T. S.
SUPERGEN
Commonwealth Scholarship Commission in the United Kingdom
TK2933.S65S2
Solid oxide fuel cells--Materials.
Cathodes--Materials.
Perovskite.
T* based La₀.₉Ln₀.₉Sr₀.₂CuO₄ (Ln = Sm & Gd) has been investigated as cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell using Ce₀.₉Gd₀.₁O₁.₉₅ (GDC) and La₀.₉Sr₀.₁Ga₀.₈Mg₀.₂O₃-δ (LSGM-9182) as the electrolyte material. Both oxides crystallize in tetragonal P4/nmm symmetry. The structural and phase stability has been confirmed up to 800 °C by High temperature XRD studies. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and oxygen content decrease with decreasing size of the Ln³+ ions from Ln = Sm to Gd. While the decrease in CTE is due to the increasing co-valence of the Ln–O bond, the decrease in electrical conductivity at high temperature is due to the increasing oxide ion vacancies and a bending of the O–Cu–O bonds. The highest value of DC conductivity has been observed for the LSSCu, which showed a metal like temperature dependence. LGSCu showed a semiconductor to metallic temperature dependence of conductivity with a maximum of 25 Scm-¹. From the microstructural characterization and the polarisation resistance measurement of the symmetric cells at temperature ranges from 700 - 800 °C, 900 °C has been chosen as the most suitable sintering temperature and LGSCu has shown the minimum polarization resistance of 0.35 Ωcm² and 0.09 Ωcm² at 800 °C using GDC and LSGM-9182 electrolytes respectively under OCV condition. To improve the ASR of LGSCu, the composite of LGSCu and GDC with varying wt. % of GDC has been optimised and it shows the ASR of 0.12 Ωcm² using GDC as the electrolyte because it enhance the triple phase boundary region. The maximum power density of single-cell SOFCs fabricated with the La₀.₉Ln₀.₉Sr₀.₂CuO₄ (Ln= Sm & Gd) cathodes, La₀.₉Sr₀.₁Ga₀.₈Mg₀.₂O₃-δ (LSGM-9182) electrolyte, and Ni–Ce₀.₉Gd₀.₁O₁.₉₅ cermet anode exhibit 720 and 824 mWcm-² at 800 °C respectively.
The phase pure T* Nd₁.₃₂Ce₀.27Sr₀.₄₁CuO₄-δ (NCSCu) has been synthesized by combustion method and its crystal chemistry, thermal and electrochemical properties, and catalytic activity in SOFC were evaluated using LSGM-9182 as the electrolyte. It shows promising performance and can be used as potential cathode materials for IT-SOFC.
The effect of B-site Ni and Co substitution for Cu on the structural and electrochemical properties of the T* La₀.₉Gd₀.₉Sr₀.₂CuO₄ has been investigated as cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells using LSGM-9182 as the electrolyte. At a given temperature, the electrical conductivity gradually increases with increasing Ni content and the CTE gradually decreases. Ni doping has also improved the electrochemical performance.
Sr doped A /A //B₂O₅+δ (A / = Rare Earth, A // = Ba or Sr and B = Transition Metals) layered perovskites improves the electrochemical performance due to the increase in electrical conductivity and smaller size difference between Ln+³ and Sr+². However these layered perovskites suffer from high thermal expansion coefficient (20-23 x 10-6 K-1) which does not match with the state of the art electrolyte materials. B-site transition metal doped layered perovskites of compositions SmBa₀.₅Sr₀.₅Co₂-ₓO₅+δ (M = Cu, Ni, Fe) have been investigated as cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell using LSGM-9182 as the electrolyte material. Phase purity has been confirmed by XRD technique. The crystal cell parameters have been found out using Rietveld refinement by FULLPROF software. The substitution of Cu, Ni and Fe for Co lowers the CTE of Co-based materials by suppression of the spin state transition of Co³+ which will be highly advantageous for long term SOFC application. The introduction of transition metals exhibit inferior electrochemical performance to pristine cathode using LSGM-9182 as the electrolyte but still shows reasonable power density with advantage of lower CTE value thereby can be explored as promising cathode material for IT-SOFCs.
2015-02
2017-10-31T14:14:38Z
2017-10-31T14:14:38Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11962
en
2020-01-02
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Electronic copy restricted until 2nd January 2020
xxi, 124 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/156912019-07-25T08:38:39Zcom_10023_126com_10023_31col_10023_129
Title redacted
Stevenson, James Robert Young
Turnbull, Graham A.
QD382.S4S8
2016
2018-07-24T14:05:23Z
2018-07-24T14:05:23Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15691
en
2018-04-30
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Electronic copy restricted until 30th April 2018
270 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/271922023-04-04T13:51:28Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17col_10023_47
Predator-prey behavioural interactions on plants, with special emphasis on aphid dropping defence and ladybird search strategies
Humphreys, Rosalind Kay
Ruxton, Graeme D.
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
Perry Foundation (Great Britain)
Antipredator defence
Behavioural ecology
Dropping behaviour
Predator-prey interactions
Aphididae
Coccinellidae
Search strategies
Turning tendencies
QL758.H8
Predation (Biology)
Aphids--Behavior
Ladybugs--Behavior
Animal-plant relationships
Predator-prey interactions have significant short- and long-term implications for the individuals involved, their populations’ dynamics, and the broader ecological community. Predation is a strong selective force that has led to prey evolving a great diversity of defensive adaptations, while predators undergo strong selection to successfully locate and capture prey. For both ‘sides’ of these interactions, behavioural adaptations offer flexibility in deployment, and so are expected to be context-sensitive. In this thesis, I use the ladybird-aphid predator-prey system to examine both prey defence behaviours and predator search strategies. Considering the prey, dropping – a widespread but understudied antipredator behaviour – is my focus. My findings suggest that, although dropping seems superficially simple, the selective pressures on it are complex. Dropping is affected by internal factors, such as genotype and the presence of endosymbionts. The nature and proximity of the predatory threat also affect dropping. Further, the consequences of dropping depend on many factors, including where on a plant predator-prey encounters occur; this in turn will be influenced by predator search strategies. Considering predator search, my focus is ladybird movements when searching branched environments, particularly potential turning biases and turn alternation. My work suggests that predators do not follow simple rules when searching a plant for prey, but they may exhibit some innate turning tendencies under particular conditions. Predator search strategies will be highly influential in affecting the context (e.g. location on plant) in which predator-prey interactions take place. Future work should investigate predator search further in order to provide a deeper understanding of the selective pressures on dropping in prey. For both prey dropping and predator search strategies, researchers must also appreciate the context-sensitivity of the different behaviours, and work to understand influencing cues, triggers, and outcomes specific to the species and circumstances involved.
2022-06-15
2023-03-16T10:18:42Z
2023-03-16T10:18:42Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27192
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/347
en
Predator-prey behavioural interactions on plants, with special emphasis on aphid dropping defence and ladybird search strategies (thesis data) Humpheys, R.K., University of St Andrews, 26 April 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17630/331ad79e-f759-42a5-8bc4-5c1e7609e98f
https://doi.org/10.17630/331ad79e-f759-42a5-8bc4-5c1e7609e98f
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
application/msword
261
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/241592022-04-08T11:32:03Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Emplacement and segment geometry of large, high-viscosity magmatic sheets
Schmiedel, Tobias
Burchardt, Steffi
Mattsson, Tobias
Guldstrand, Frank
Galland, Olivier
Palma, Joaquín Octavio
Skogby, Henrik
University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
Magma transport
High-viscosity dykes
Shallow crust
Igneous
Sills
Chachahuen volcano
Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS)
Magma flow indicator
QE Geology
DAS
QE
This project and Tobias Schmiedel are funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through a Wallenberg Academy Fellow grant to Steffi Burchardt (grant No. KAW 2017.0153).
Understanding magma transport in sheet intrusions is crucial to interpreting volcanic unrest. Studies of dyke emplacement and geometry focus predominantly on low-viscosity, mafic dykes. Here, we present an in-depth study of two high-viscosity dykes (106 Pa·s) in the Chachahuén volcano, Argentina, the Great Dyke and the Sosa Dyke. To quantify dyke geometries, magma flow indicators, and magma viscosity, we combine photogrammetry, microstructural analysis, igneous petrology, Fourier-Transform-Infrared-Spectroscopy, and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS). Our results show that the dykes consist of 3 to 8 mappable segments up to 2 km long. Segments often end in a bifurcation, and segment tips are predominantly oval, but elliptical tips occur in the outermost segments of the Great Dyke. Furthermore, variations in host rocks have no observable impact on dyke geometry. AMS fabrics and other flow indicators in the Sosa Dyke show lateral magma flow in contrast to the vertical flow suggested by the segment geometries. A comparison with segment geometries of low-viscosity dykes shows that our high-viscosity dykes follow the same geometrical trend. In fact, the data compilation supports that dyke segment and tip geometries reflect different stages in dyke emplacement, questioning the current usage for final sheet geometries as proxies for emplacement mechanism.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2021-10-11
2021-10-18T15:30:17Z
2021-10-18T15:30:17Z
Journal article
Schmiedel , T , Burchardt , S , Mattsson , T , Guldstrand , F , Galland , O , Palma , J O & Skogby , H 2021 , ' Emplacement and segment geometry of large, high-viscosity magmatic sheets ' , Minerals , vol. 11 , no. 10 , e1113 . https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101113
2075-163X
PURE: 276280463
PURE UUID: ae0bf7ee-a089-4702-89d9-fe0f9a0ffa81
Jisc: 8adb14fb49a94eb69384df23a79ca737
ORCID: /0000-0003-0717-4014/work/101582030
Scopus: 85116764758
WOS: 000715252000001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/24159
https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101113
eng
Minerals
Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
34
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/126022024-03-10T00:42:28Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Culture extends the scope of evolutionary biology in the great apes
Whiten, Andrew
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
Social learning
Culture
Evolutionary biology
Chimpanzee
Gorilla
Orangutan
BF Psychology
QH301 Biology
NDAS
BF
QH301
Discoveries about the cultures and cultural capacities of the great apes have played a leading role in the recognition emerging in recent decades that cultural inheritance can be a significant factor in the lives not only of humans, but of non-human animals. This prominence derives in part from the fact that these primates are those with whom we share the most recent common ancestry, thus offering clues to the origins of our own thoroughgoing reliance on cumulative cultural achievements. In addition, the intense research focus on these species has spawned an unprecedented diversity of complementary methodological approaches, the results of which suggest that cultural phenomena pervade the lives of these apes, with potentially major implications for their broader evolutionary biology. Here I review what this extremely broad array of observational and experimental methodologies has taught us about the cultural lives of chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans, and consider the ways in which this extends our wider understanding of primate biology and the processes of adaptation and evolution that shape it. I address these issues by first evaluating the extent to which the results of cultural inheritance echo a suite of core principles that underlie organic, Darwinian evolution, but also extend them in new ways; and secondly by assessing the principal causal interactions between the primary, genetically-based organic processes of evolution, and the secondary system of cultural inheritance that is based on social learning from others.
Peer reviewed
2017-07-25
2018-01-25T00:31:40Z
2018-01-25T00:31:40Z
2018-01-24
Journal article
249911376
d5586aad-ce84-49c8-911c-c942361478e3
85025610099
000406189900041
Whiten , A 2017 , ' Culture extends the scope of evolutionary biology in the great apes ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 114 , no. 30 , pp. 7790-7797 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620733114
1091-6490
ORCID: /0000-0003-2426-5890/work/65014019
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/12602
10.1073/pnas.1620733114
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/07/18/1620733114.full
eng
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
8
558877
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/208702024-03-12T00:44:23Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
The stability of divalent Ge in silicate melts and its geochemical properties
Mare, Eleanor
O'Neill, Hugh St. C.
Berry, Andrew
Glover, Chris
University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
Germanium
Silicate melt
Oxidation state
XANES
EXAFS
Partitioning
GE Environmental Sciences
QE Geology
DAS
GE
QE
HON gratefully acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council through grant FL130100066.
The oxidation state of Ge in silicate glasses, quenched from melts, was determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The melts were equilibrated over the range of relative oxygen fugacities (fO2) from IW -3 to IW + 10, where IW is the iron-wüstite oxygen buffer in logarithmic units. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of the samples show that over the range in fO2 from IW -2.8 to IW + 2.4, the Ge4+/(Ge2+ + Ge4+) ratio increases from 0.05 to 0.95. Modelling of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) gives the Ge2+–O bond length as 1.89 ± 0.03 Å. Olivine–melt partitioning experiments were also conducted, which show that Ge2+ is highly incompatible, with DGe2+ol/melt < 0.005, whereas DGe4+ol/melt is ∼ 1, where D is the partition coefficient. The geochemical properties of Ge during the magmatic differentiation of the Moon and other reduced rocky planets and achondrite parent bodies will therefore be entirely different to that familiar from terrestrial examples. In particular, the incompatible nature of Ge2+ may explain the anomalous enrichment of Ge in KREEP basalts.
Peer reviewed
2020-01-20
2020-11-02T00:37:53Z
2020-11-02T00:37:53Z
2020-11-02
Journal article
263236338
06dbea29-dced-423e-a676-e9a7a44bb031
85075483293
000513868400035
Mare , E , O'Neill , H S C , Berry , A & Glover , C 2020 , ' The stability of divalent Ge in silicate melts and its geochemical properties ' , Chemical Geology , vol. 532 , 119306 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119306
0009-2541
ORCID: /0000-0003-0531-7755/work/65014452
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/20870
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119306
eng
Chemical Geology
3450429
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/239182023-04-26T00:14:56Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Neuroanatomical correlates of impulsive choices and risky decision making in young chronic tobacco smokers : a voxel-based morphometry study
Conti, Aldo Alberto
Baldacchino, Alexander Mario
University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. Centre for Minorities Research (CMR)
Neuropsychology
Nicotine
Adolescents
Impulsivity
Tobacco
Addictions
Neuroimaging
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
NDAS
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
RA0421
RC0321
This study has been supported by a University of St. Andrews Endowment fund and by a self-funded PhD scholarship.
Introduction : Impairments in the multifaceted neuropsychological construct of cognitive impulsivity are a main feature of chronic tobacco smokers. According to the literature, these cognitive impairments are relevant for the initiation andmaintenance of the smoking behavior. However, the neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive impulsivity in chronic smokers remain under-investigated. Methods : A sample of 28 chronic smokers (mean age = 28 years) not affectedby polysubstance dependence and 24 matched non-smoker controls was recruited. Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM) was employed to assess Gray Matter (GM) volume differences between smokers and non-smokers. The relationships between GM volume and behavioral manifestations of impulsive choices (5 trial adjusting delay discounting task, ADT-5) and risky decision making (Cambridge Gambling Task, CGT) were also investigated. Results : VBM results revealed GM volume reductions in cortical and striatal brainregions of chronic smokers compared to non-smokers. Additionally, smokers showed heightened impulsive choices (p < 0.01, Cohen’s f = 0.50) and a riskier decision- making process (p < 0.01, Cohen’s f = 0.40) compared to non-smokers. GM volume reductions in the left Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) correlated with impaired impulsive and risky choices, while GM volume reductions in the left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) and Caudate correlated with heightened impulsive choices. Reduced GM volume in the left VLPFC correlated with younger age at smoking initiation (mean = 16 years). Conclusion : Smokers displayed significant GM volume reductions and related cognitive impulsivity impairments compared to non-smoker individuals. Longitudinal studies would be required to assess whether these impairments underline neurocognitive endophenotypes or if they are a consequence of tobacco exposure on the adolescent brain.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2021-08-30
2021-09-07T15:30:06Z
2021-09-07T15:30:06Z
Journal article
Conti , A A & Baldacchino , A M 2021 , ' Neuroanatomical correlates of impulsive choices and risky decision making in young chronic tobacco smokers : a voxel-based morphometry study ' , Frontiers in Psychiatry , vol. 12 , 708925 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.708925
1664-0640
PURE: 275694540
PURE UUID: 681b2393-7235-4ee6-8c63-9dacf08832cc
ORCID: /0000-0002-5388-7376/work/99466008
ORCID: /0000-0002-0467-9431/work/99466517
Scopus: 85115003345
WOS: 000697986400001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23918
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.708925
eng
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Copyright © 2021 Conti and Baldacchino. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
11
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/124252024-03-24T00:42:44Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Sex differences in the use of social information emerge under conditions of risk
Brand, Charlotte O.
Brown, Gillian R.
Cross, Catharine P.
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
Sex differences
Risk taking
Human behaviour
Social learning
Social information use
Risk aversion
Cultural evolution
HT Communities. Classes. Races
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
DAS
BDC
R2C
HT
RC0321
The research was funded by a John Templeton Foundation grant, awarded to lead principal investigators Kevin Laland (School of Biology, University of St Andrews) and Andrew Whiten (School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews).
Social learning provides an effective route to gaining up-to-date information, particularly when information is costly to obtain asocially. Theoretical work predicts that the willingness to switch between using asocial and social sources of information will vary between individuals according to their risk tolerance. We tested the prediction that, where there are sex differences in risk tolerance, altering the variance of the payoffs of using asocial and social information differentially influences the probability of social information use by sex. In a computer-based task that involved building a virtual spaceship, men and women (N = 88) were given the option of using either asocial or social sources of information to improve their performance. When the asocial option was risky (i.e., the participant’s score could markedly increase or decrease) and the social option was safe (i.e., their score could slightly increase or remain the same), women, but not men, were more likely to use the social option than the asocial option. In all other conditions, both women and men preferentially used the asocial option to a similar degree. We therefore found both a sex difference in risk aversion and a sex difference in the preference for social information when relying on asocial information was risky, consistent with the hypothesis that levels of risk-aversion influence the use of social information.
Peer reviewed
2018-01-03
2018-01-04T12:30:10Z
2018-01-04T12:30:10Z
Journal article
251704027
3710701d-f8be-42b2-9b03-866e425ceea3
85039999929
000419199900001
Brand , C O , Brown , G R & Cross , C P 2018 , ' Sex differences in the use of social information emerge under conditions of risk ' , PeerJ , vol. 6 , e4190 . https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4190
2167-8359
ORCID: /0000-0002-0675-0780/work/60195732
ORCID: /0000-0001-8110-8408/work/60427413
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/12425
10.7717/peerj.4190
https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3212v1
eng
PeerJ
18
1560913
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/188332023-04-26T00:22:38Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Adolescent alcohol-related behaviours : trends and inequalities in the WHO European Region, 2002-2014
Inchley, Joanna Catherine
Currie, Dorothy Bruce
Vieno, Allessio
Torsheim, Torbjørn
Ferreira-Borges, C
Weber, Martin
Barnekow, Vivian
Breda, João
University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division
University of St Andrews. Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Adolescent behaviour
Alcohol drinking - epidemiology, trends
Alcoholic intoxication - epidemiology
Health behaviour
Health status disparities
Health surveys
Socioeconomic factors
Europe
HT Communities. Classes. Races
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
HT
RA0421
The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey is a WHO collaborative cross-national study that monitors the health behaviours, health outcomes and social environments of boys and girls aged 11, 13 and 15 years every four years. HBSC has collected international data on adolescent health, including alcohol consumption and drinking behaviours, for over 30 years, allowing prevalence to be compared across countries and over time. This report presents the latest trends in alcohol consumption and drinking behaviours among 15-year-olds across the WHO European Region, taken from the HBSC study. It highlights gender and socioeconomic inequalities across the Region. Trends have previously been reported separately, but this report brings together for the first time a broader range of HBSC data on adolescent alcohol consumption and drinking behaviours to review the latest evidence and highlight differences in alcohol use by gender, socioeconomic position and geographic subregion.
Publisher PDF
2018
2019-11-02T17:30:02Z
2019-11-02T17:30:02Z
Report
Inchley , J C , Currie , D B , Vieno , A , Torsheim , T , Ferreira-Borges , C , Weber , M , Barnekow , V & Breda , J (eds) 2018 , Adolescent alcohol-related behaviours : trends and inequalities in the WHO European Region, 2002-2014 . WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen . < http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/adolescent-alcohol-related-behaviours-trends-and-inequalities-in-the-who-european-region,-20022014-2018 >
9789289053495
PURE: 256707466
PURE UUID: 3420c979-16d0-4556-b757-5ba4c0cc1d03
ORCID: /0000-0001-7321-9394/work/60196016
ORCID: /0000-0001-8322-8817/work/65014207
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18833
http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/adolescent-alcohol-related-behaviours-trends-and-inequalities-in-the-who-european-region,-20022014-2018
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/382840/WH15-alcohol-report-eng.pdf?ua=1
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/329417
eng
Copyright © 2018 World Health Organization. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/329417
94
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WHO Regional Office for Europe
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/250532023-06-09T01:30:31Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Exploring the predictive value of the evoked potentials score in MS within an appropriate patient population : a hint for an early identification of benign MS?
Margaritella, Nicolò
Mendozzi, Laura
Garegnani, Massimo
Nemni, Raffaello
Colicino, Elena
Gilardi, Elisabetta
Pugnetti, Luigi
University of St Andrews. Statistics
Adult
Early diagnosis
Electroencephalography/methods
Evoked potentials, somatosensory
Female
Humans
Male
Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis
Reproducibility of results
Sensitivity and specificity
Severity of illness index
QA Mathematics
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
QA
RC0321
This study was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Corrente funding plan to the institutional research activity of the Scientific Institute S. Maria Nascente of the Don C. Gnocchi Foundation.
Background: The prognostic value of evoked potentials (EPs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been fully established. The correlations between the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at First Neurological Evaluation (FNE) and the duration of the disease, as well as between EDSS and EPs, have influenced the outcome of most previous studies. To overcome this confounding relations, we propose to test the prognostic value of EPs within an appropriate patient population which should be based on patients with low EDSS at FNE and short disease duration. Methods: We retrospectively selected a sample of 143 early relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients with an EDSS < 3.5 from a larger database spanning 20 years. By means of bivariate logistic regressions, the best predictors of worsening were selected among several demographic and clinical variables. The best multivariate logistic model was statistically validated and prospectively applied to 50 patients examined during 2009-2011. Results: The Evoked Potentials score (EP score) and the Time to EDSS 2.0 (TT2) were the best predictors of worsening in our sample (Odds Ratio 1.10 and 0.82 respectively, p=0.001). Low EP score (below 15-20 points), short TT2 (lower than 3-5 years) and their interaction resulted to be the most useful for the identification of worsening patterns. Moreover, in patients with an EP score at FNE below 6 points and a TT2 greater than 3 years the probability of worsening was 10% after 4-5 years and rapidly decreased thereafter. Conclusions: In an appropriate population of early RRMS patients, the EP score at FNE is a good predictor of disability at low values as well as in combination with a rapid buildup of disability. Interestingly, an EP score at FNE under the median together with a clinical stability lasting more than 3 years turned out to be a protective pattern. This finding may contribute to an early identification of benign patients, well before the term required to diagnose Benign MS (BMS).
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2012-08-22
2022-03-15T16:30:07Z
2022-03-15T16:30:07Z
Journal article
Margaritella , N , Mendozzi , L , Garegnani , M , Nemni , R , Colicino , E , Gilardi , E & Pugnetti , L 2012 , ' Exploring the predictive value of the evoked potentials score in MS within an appropriate patient population : a hint for an early identification of benign MS? ' , BMC Neurology , vol. 12 , 80 . https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-12-80
1471-2377
PURE: 278279289
PURE UUID: b0ed7aae-a3cc-417a-a66a-c582c75b7117
PubMed: 22913733
PubMedCentral: PMC3488473
Scopus: 84865248126
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25053
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-12-80
eng
BMC Neurology
Copyright © 2012 Margaritella et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
11
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/239082024-03-27T00:45:01Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
What happened? Do preschool children and capuchin monkeys spontaneously use visual traces to locate a reward?
Civelek, Zeynep
Völter, Christoph J
Seed, Amanda M
European Research Council
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. ‘Living Links to Human Evolution’ Research Centre
Capuchin monkeys
Causal inference
Preschoolers
Unseen causes
QL Zoology
BF Psychology
DAS
QL
BF
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 639072). Edinburgh Zoo's Living Links Research Facility is core supported by the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (registered charity no.: SC004064) through funding generated by its visitors, members and supporters.
The ability to infer unseen causes from evidence is argued to emerge early in development and to be uniquely human. We explored whether preschoolers and capuchin monkeys could locate a reward based on the physical traces left following a hidden event. Preschoolers and capuchin monkeys were presented with two cups covered with foil. Behind a barrier, an experimenter (E) punctured the foil coverings one at a time, revealing the cups with one cover broken after the first event and both covers broken after the second. One event involved hiding a reward, the other event was performed with a stick (order counterbalanced). Preschoolers and, with additional experience, monkeys could connect the traces to the objects used in the puncturing events to find the reward. Reversing the order of events perturbed the performance of 3-year olds and capuchins, while 4-year-old children performed above chance when the order of events was reversed from the first trial. Capuchins performed significantly better on the ripped foil task than they did on an arbitrary test in which the covers were not ripped but rather replaced with a differently patterned cover. We conclude that by 4 years of age children spontaneously reason backwards from evidence to deduce its cause.
Peer reviewed
2021-08-11
2021-09-07T08:30:04Z
2021-09-07T08:30:04Z
Journal article
275762356
8c365b89-5eb9-403d-8c4c-69cbe03d872c
34344181
85113414503
000684604700010
Civelek , Z , Völter , C J & Seed , A M 2021 , ' What happened? Do preschool children and capuchin monkeys spontaneously use visual traces to locate a reward? ' , Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol. 288 , no. 1956 , 20211101 . https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1101
0962-8452
RIS: urn:B4A9F1683BB0223A791846E6F617CC4D
ORCID: /0000-0002-3867-3003/work/99804167
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/23908
10.1098/rspb.2021.1101
639072
eng
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
10
913435
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/73672022-04-06T11:30:15Zcom_10023_51com_10023_18com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_52col_10023_880
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigation of the anodic functionalities and processes in LSCM-CGO-Ni systems
Boulfrad, Samir
Nechache, A.
Cassidy, Mark
Traversa, E.
Irvine, John Thomas Sirr
Eguchi, K.
Singhal, S. C.
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
QD Chemistry
NDAS
QD
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to characterize anode compositions made of (La0.75Sr0.25)0.97Cr0.5Mn0.5O3 (LSCM) and gadolinia doped ceria (CGO) with and without additional submicron Ni, or exsoluted Ni nanoparticles. In addition, the effects of the anode gas flow rate and the working temperature were investigated. Higher content of the ionic conductor leads to a decrease of the impedance in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 10 Hz. The effect of the catalyst component was investigated while keeping the electronic conductivity unchanged in the tested materials. Enhanced catalytic activity was demonstrated to considerably decrease the impedance especially in the frequency range between 100 Hz to 1 Hz. The change in the gas flow rate affects mainly the impedance bellow 1 Hz.
Publisher PDF
2015
2015-08-31T13:40:07Z
2015-08-31T13:40:07Z
Conference item
Boulfrad , S , Nechache , A , Cassidy , M , Traversa , E & Irvine , J T S 2015 , Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigation of the anodic functionalities and processes in LSCM-CGO-Ni systems . in K Eguchi & S C Singhal (eds) , 14th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, SOFC 2015 . ECS Transactions , no. 1 , vol. 68 , Electrochemical Society , pp. 2011-2018 . https://doi.org/10.1149/06801.2011ecst
9781607685395
1938-5862
PURE: 213561679
PURE UUID: 544bd97e-ffc5-4c30-8b82-a58eca6af626
Scopus: 84938801162
ORCID: /0000-0002-8394-3359/work/68280638
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7367
https://doi.org/10.1149/06801.2011ecst
eng
14th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, SOFC 2015
ECS Transactions
© The Electrochemical Society, Inc. 2015. All rights reserved. Except as provided under U.S. copyright law, this work may not be reproduced, resold, distributed, or modified without the express permission of The Electrochemical Society (ECS). The archival version of this work was published here: https://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06801.2011ecst
8
application/pdf
Electrochemical Society
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/117972019-04-01T12:11:08Zcom_10023_4725com_10023_4724col_10023_5513
Book review: It’s all allowed: the performances of Adrian Howells, edited by Deirdre Heddon and Dominic Johnson
Mackay, Shona
PN1576
Performing arts--Research
Review of: It’s all allowed: the performances of Adrian Howells, edited by Deirdre Heddon and Dominic Johnson. London: Live Art Development Agency and Bristol: Intellect, 2016; ISBN: 9781783205899 (£20.00)
Publisher PDF
2017-09-17
2017-10-04T11:52:21Z
2017-10-04T11:52:21Z
Book review
Mackay, S. (2017) Book review: It’s all allowed: the performances of Adrian Howells, edited by Deirdre Heddon and Dominic Johnson. Scottish Journal of Performance, 4(1), pp. 115–119
2054-1961
https://doi.org/10.14439/sjop.2017.0401.09
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11797
en
Scottish Journal of Performance
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
The Royal Conservatoire of Scotland
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29112019-03-29T16:00:12Zcom_10023_67com_10023_23col_10023_70
The Whalley Coucher Book and the dialectal phonology of Lancashire and Cheshire 1175-1350
King, Christopher D.
Jack, G. B.
PE689.K5
Whalley Coucher Book
An investigation by G. P. Cubbin into the local placename
sources of Lancashire of a time when the vernacular had
a low status isolated the Whalley Coucher Book as the one that
most seemed to deserve further scrutiny. That book therefore
forms the basis of the present study.
The Coucher Boook is a mediaeval work of monastic
provenance and is a compilation of deeds received by Whalley
Abbey over the period. The interest of the source lies in its
representation of many place-names by writers who may be
supposed to have been familiar with them. Whalley's placename
corpus affords scope for examination of variation that is
of dialectal significance.
A searching analysis is undertaken of the evidence
that the Whalley Coucher Book offers. Questions of dating, of
location of place-names, of the elements that compose them,
and of the status of the text have to be examined with a view
to elucidating the significance for phonology of this evidence.
Such examination is carried out at length, and it is hoped that
these aspects of the present work may be found to have
application in linguistic and historical inquiry both for the
actual results relative to the Whalley Coucher Book and for the
methodological demonstration.
A considerable amount of dialectal phonological
information from the source is presented in this thesis. It is
critically examined and collated and the attempt is made to
derive actual usage in the territory and period concerned. On
the whole the conclusion is that most of the evidence does
reflect the dialect and that it produces a believable distribution
of forms.
Some of the dialectal information thus acquired
appears as new. More commonly, however, this study confirms
the existing picture or makes it somewhat more precise. The
evidence does not escape the uneven coverage that is to be
expected in place-name evidence for dialect.
Although the amount of the evidence of the Whalley
Coucher Book and its general consistency are comparatively
good, the finding of this work is that they are not enough to
establish the original suggestion that the Coucher Book might
deserve reliance without reference to, and even in total
defiance of, other local sources. The present study concludes
that the best evidence consists of a select group of sources amongst which Whalley may be taken as pre-eminent.
1991
2012-07-04T10:35:44Z
2012-07-04T10:35:44Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2911
en
application/pdf
397
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/118242021-07-27T02:00:30Zcom_10023_105com_10023_29col_10023_107
On knowingness : irony and queerness in the works of Byron, Heine, Fontane, and Wilde
Kling, Jutta Cornelia
Gratzke, Michael
Hotz-Davies, Ingrid
Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes
PN56.I65K6
Irony in literature.
Queer theory.
Byron, George Gordon Byron, Baron, 1788-1824--Criticism and interpretation.
Heine, Heinrich, 1797-1856--Criticism and interpretation.
Fontane, Theodor, 1819-1898--Criticism and interpretation.
Wilde, Oscar, 1854-1900--Criticism and interpretation.
This thesis identifies strategies of queer/irony in the writings of Lord Byron, Heinrich Heine, Theodor Fontane, and Oscar Wilde. Key to the understanding of irony is Friedrich Schlegel's re-evaluation of the concept. The thesis establishes an approach to the multifaceted concept of irony and identify key concepts of queer theory. The focus, however, is close reading. First, Lord Byron's epic satire Don Juan is read with regards to the interplay of narrative strategies and the depiction of gender, homoeroticism and the concept of the child. Furthermore, reviews published at the time of the publication of Don Juan are examined: Why did the reviewers reject the work so violently? Second, in Heine's Buch der Lieder we find ironic strategies that Richard Rorty subsumed into the concept of 'final vocabularies.' By acknowledging the formulaic nature of language in general and Romantic tropes in particular, Heine succeeds in subverting a heteronormative discourse on love and desire. Heine's Reisebilder – 'Die Reise von München nach Genua' and 'Die Bäder von Lucca' – depict the limits of queer/irony: Where meaning is fixed, as in the case of the Platen polemic, irony loses its propensity to contain multitudes. Third, Theodor Fontane's novels of adultery are read against the background of irony as established through a Schlegelian reading of Frau Jenny Treibel and a queer reading of Ellernklipp. The novels Unwiederbringlich and Effi Briest question notions of truth and map the danger of knowledge. At the core of this chapter lies the notion of 'knowledge management,' a strategy closely related to irony. The figure of the courtier Pentz in Unwiederbringlich becomes a harbinger of dangerous, queer knowledge similar to the way Crampas' use of Heine quotations negotiates sexually suggestive knowledge in Effi Briest. In a final step, the aforementioned queer/ironic strategies are employed to read texts by Oscar Wilde. Are the strategies as inferred in the other chapters valid for Wilde's writings as well? We find that, in a time where homoerotic behaviour was heavily sanctioned, ironic writing had become a liability. Wilde's ironies are too opaque for the reader: They have become a movement where nobody is allowed to 'play along.'
2014-09
2017-10-10T13:02:26Z
2017-10-10T13:02:26Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11824
en
application/pdf
279 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/3622019-07-01T10:05:12Zcom_10023_51com_10023_18col_10023_53
Synthesis and evaluation of β-fluoro-γ-aminobutyric acid enantiomers
Deniau, Gildas
O'Hagan, David
QD412.F1D4
GABA
Enantiomers
Pharmaceutical chemistry
The impact of fluorine in medicinal chemistry is reviewed in the first chapter of
this work and the fluorine gauche effect, which has not been fully exploited in
medicinal chemistry, is also discussed. GABAA and GABAB receptors are then
presented and the synthesis of neurosteroid antagonists acting at GABAA receptors is
reported. The synthesis of such compounds was motivated to explore the mode of action
of neurosteroids at GABA receptors.
The observation that the C-F bond has a strong preference to align gauche to the
C-N+ bond in protonated β-fluoroamines stimulated the enantioselective synthesis of 3-fluoro-GABA enantiomers. This was achieved from L- and D- phenylalanine in six steps
and in an overall yield of 31%. The preferred conformations of 3-fluoro-GABA in
solution are then explored by NMR analysis and ab initio calculations. The biological
evaluation of 3-fluoro-GABA enantiomers on GABA aminotransferase was then investigated and showed that the (R)-enantiomer undergoes HF elimination ten times more rapidly than the (S)-enantiomer, suggesting a preferred binding conformation of GABA on GABA aminotransferase. This study demonstrates that the C-F bond can be used as a chemical probe to reveal the binding conformation of a bioactive amine and this offers exciting prospects for future research.
The synthesis of 3-fluoro-GABA from phenylalanine indicated that amino acids
are practical starting materials for the preparation of β-fluoroamines. This methodology is applied to L-lysine to generate (2R)-fluorohexane-1,6-diamine. The formation of a
diamine of potential interest for catalysis is also observed in this synthesis.
2007
2007-07-06T16:06:27Z
2007-07-06T16:06:27Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
uk.bl.ethos.552030
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/362
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
2675 bytes
application/pdf
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xi, 271
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/254172024-03-25T00:46:02Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Sulfur isotopes of hydrothermal vent fossils and insights into microbial sulfur cycling within a lower Paleozoic (Ordovician‐early Silurian) vent community
Georgieva, Magdalena N.
Little, Crispin T. S.
Herrington, Richard J.
Boyce, Adrian J.
Zerkle, Aubrey L.
Maslennikov, Valeriy V.
EIMF
Glover, Adrian G.
University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Isotope Geochemistry
Chemosynthesis
Evolution
Microbiology
Paleobiology
Pyrite preservation
QH301 Biology
GE Environmental Sciences
DAS
QH301
GE
This study was supported by a UK Natural Environment Research Council grant (NERC; number NE/R000670/1 to AG). MG is also grateful for support from an Ifremer Postdoctoral Fellowship. Alvinella samples were collected with the help of a NERC Small Grant (number NE/C000714/1 to CTSL). S isotopic analyses were undertaken under NERC Facility awards IP-1755-1117 and IMF672/1118.
Symbioses between metazoans and microbes involved in sulfur cycling are integral to the ability of animals to thrive within deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments; the development of such interactions is regarded as a key adaptation in enabling animals to successfully colonize vents. Microbes often colonize the surfaces of vent animals and, remarkably, these associations can also be observed intricately preserved by pyrite in the fossil record of vent environments, stretching back to the lower Paleozoic (Ordovician‐early Silurian). In non‐vent environments, sulfur isotopes are often employed to investigate the metabolic strategies of both modern and fossil organisms, as certain metabolic pathways of microbes, notably sulfate reduction, can produce large sulfur isotope fractionations. However, the sulfur isotopes of vent fossils, both ancient and recently mineralized, have seldom been explored, and it is not known if the pyrite‐preserved vent organisms might also preserve potential signatures of their metabolisms. Here, we use high‐resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to investigate the sulfur isotopes of pyrites from recently mineralized and Ordovician‐early Silurian tubeworm fossils with associated microbial fossils. Our results demonstrate that pyrites containing microbial fossils consistently have significantly more negative δ34S values compared with nearby non‐fossiliferous pyrites, and thus represent the first indication that the presence of microbial sulfur‐cycling communities active at the time of pyrite formation influenced the sulfur isotope signatures of pyrite at hydrothermal vents. The observed depletions in δ34S are generally small in magnitude and are perhaps best explained by sulfur isotope fractionation through a combination of sulfur‐cycling processes carried out by vent microbes. These results highlight the potential for using sulfur isotopes to explore biological functional relationships within fossil vent communities, and to enhance understanding of how microbial and animal life has co‐evolved to colonize vents throughout geological time.
Peer reviewed
2022-05-18
2022-05-19T16:30:09Z
2022-05-19T16:30:09Z
Journal article
279664561
18ac0b63-4281-4d29-ab16-5d62db0ca253
000797101800001
85131891537
Georgieva , M N , Little , C T S , Herrington , R J , Boyce , A J , Zerkle , A L , Maslennikov , V V , EIMF & Glover , A G 2022 , ' Sulfur isotopes of hydrothermal vent fossils and insights into microbial sulfur cycling within a lower Paleozoic (Ordovician‐early Silurian) vent community ' , Geobiology , vol. Early View . https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12495
1472-4677
Jisc: 326768
publisher-id: gbi12495
society-id: gbi-149-2021.r1
ORCID: /0000-0003-2324-1619/work/113398955
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/25417
10.1111/gbi.12495
eng
Geobiology
14
2906797
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/47972024-02-15T00:40:27Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Wzi Is an Outer Membrane Lectin that Underpins Group 1 Capsule Assembly in Escherichia coli
Bushell, Simon
Mainprize, Iain L.
Wear, Martin A.
Lou, Hubing
Whitfield, Chris
Naismith, Jim
The Wellcome Trust
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Surface-plasmon resonance
Colanic acid biosynthesis
Gram-negative bacteria
Klebsiella-pneumoniae
K antigens
Functional-analysis
Crystal-structure
Structural basis
Gene-expression
Concanavalin-A
QH301 Biology
QH301
Many pathogenic bacteria encase themselves in a polysaccharide capsule that provides a barrier to the physical and immunological challenges of the host. The mechanism by which the capsule assembles around the bacterial cell is unknown. Wzi, an integral outer-membrane protein from Escherichia coli, has been implicated in the formation of group 1 capsules. The 2.6 angstrom resolution structure of Wzi reveals an 18-stranded beta-barrel fold with a novel arrangement of long extracellular loops that blocks the extracellular entrance and a helical bundle that plugs the periplasmic end. Mutagenesis shows that specific extracellular loops are required for in vivo capsule assembly. The data show that Wzi binds the K30 carbohydrate polymer and, crucially, that mutants functionally deficient in vivo show no binding to K30 polymer in vitro. We conclude that Wzi is a novel outer-membrane lectin that assists in the formation of the bacterial capsule via direct interaction with capsular polysaccharides.
Peer reviewed
2013-04-25
2014-05-15T09:31:02Z
2014-05-15T09:31:02Z
Journal article
62947753
9e4a2421-c849-4e2d-adc0-438585d96f90
000318829400017
84877251817
Bushell , S , Mainprize , I L , Wear , M A , Lou , H , Whitfield , C & Naismith , J 2013 , ' Wzi Is an Outer Membrane Lectin that Underpins Group 1 Capsule Assembly in Escherichia coli ' , Structure , vol. 21 , no. 5 , pp. 844-853 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2013.03.010
0969-2126
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/4797
10.1016/j.str.2013.03.010
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3791409
081862/Z/06/Z
eng
Structure
10
1580978
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/49862023-04-18T09:51:09Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Beyond sum-free sets in the natural numbers
Huczynska, Sophie
University of St Andrews. Pure Mathematics
University of St Andrews. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Computational Algebra
Sum-free sets
QA Mathematics
QA
For an interval [1,N]⊆N, sets S⊆[1,N] with the property that |{(x,y)∈S2:x+y∈S}|=0, known as sum-free sets, have attracted considerable attention. In this paper, we generalize this notion by considering r(S)=|{(x,y)∈S2:x+y∈S}|, and analyze its behaviour as S ranges over the subsets of [1,N]. We obtain a comprehensive description of the spectrum of attainable r-values, constructive existence results and structural characterizations for sets attaining extremal and near-extremal values.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2014-02-07
2014-07-09T12:01:01Z
2014-07-09T12:01:01Z
Journal article
Huczynska , S 2014 , ' Beyond sum-free sets in the natural numbers ' , Electronic Journal of Combinatorics , vol. 21 , no. 1 .
1097-1440
PURE: 108164447
PURE UUID: c5322e45-4a27-4c23-9743-35ed2a040395
Scopus: 84893545619
ORCID: /0000-0002-0626-7932/work/74117789
WOS: 000331196200001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4986
http://www.combinatorics.org/ojs/index.php/eljc/article/view/v21i1p21
eng
Electronic Journal of Combinatorics
© 2014, the Author. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies.
20
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/215982022-04-12T10:31:10Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Isothiourea-catalyzed atropselective acylation of biaryl phenols via sequential desymmetrization/kinetic resolution
Munday, Elizabeth Sarah
Grove, Markas
Feoktistova, Taisiia
Brueckner, Alexander C.
Walden, Daniel
Young, Claire Mary
Slawin, Alexandra Martha Zoya
Campbell, Andrew
Cheong, Paul Ha-Yeon
Smith, Andrew D.
EPSRC
The Royal Society
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Desymmetrization
Organocatalysis
Isothiourea
Kinetic resolution
Atropisomers
QD Chemistry
DAS
QD
We would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, University of St Andrews, and the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Critical Resource Catalysis (CRITICAT) for financial support [Ph.D. studentship to E.M.; Grant code: EP/L016419/1]. A.D.S. thanks the Royal Society for a Wolfson Research Merit Award. We also thank the EPSRC UK National Mass Spectrometry Facility at Swansea University. PHYC gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Bert and Emelyn Christensen and Vicki & Patrick F. Stone families. PHYC, MAG, TF, ACB, and DW acknowledge the National Science Foundation (NSF, CHE-1352663). TF acknowledges Summer Fellowship Award from the department of Chemistry at OSU.
Axially chiral phenols are attractive targets in organic synthesis. This motif is central to many natural products and widely used as precursors to, or directly, as chiral ligands and catalysts. Despite their utility few simple catalytic methods are available for their synthesis in high enantiopurity. Herein the atropselective acylation of a range of symmetric biaryl diols is investigated using isothiourea catalysis. Studies on a model biaryl diol substrate shows that the high product er observed in the process is a result of two successive enantioselective reactions consisting of an initial enantioselective desymmetrization coupled with a second chiroablative kinetic resolution. Extension of this process to a range of substrates, including a challenging tetraorthosubstituted biaryl diol, led to highly enantioenriched products (14 examples, up to 98:2 er), with either HyperBTM or BTM identified as the optimal catalyst depending upon the substitution pattern within the substrate. Computation has been used to understand the factors that lead to high enantiocontrol in this process, with maintenance of planarity to maximize a 1,5‐S•••O interaction within the key acyl ammonium intermediate identified as the major feature that determines atropselective acylation and thus product enantioselectivity.
Postprint
Peer reviewed
2020-03-11
2021-03-11T00:39:00Z
2021-03-11T00:39:00Z
2021-03-11
Journal article
Munday , E S , Grove , M , Feoktistova , T , Brueckner , A C , Walden , D , Young , C M , Slawin , A M Z , Campbell , A , Cheong , P H-Y & Smith , A D 2020 , ' Isothiourea-catalyzed atropselective acylation of biaryl phenols via sequential desymmetrization/kinetic resolution ' , Angewandte Chemie International Edition , vol. Early View . https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201916480
1433-7851
PURE: 265942225
PURE UUID: 5074c7e2-05f7-4ac2-babe-616a9a1f81a5
ORCID: /0000-0002-2104-7313/work/70618871
ORCID: /0000-0002-9527-6418/work/70618947
Scopus: 85081908154
WOS: 000529988500042
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21598
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201916480
EP/L016419/1
WM140071
eng
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Copyright © 2020 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201916480
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/39312024-02-15T00:40:34Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Simultaneous determination of the constituent azimuthal and radial mode indices for light fields possessing orbital angular momentum
Mazilu, Michael
Mourka, Areti
Vettenburg, Tom
Wright, Ewan M.
Dholakia, Kishan
EPSRC
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
Laguerre-Gaussian beams
Azimuthal index
Principal component analysis
Optical system
Hermite-Gaussian beams
QC Physics
QC
This work received Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council funding.
A wide array of diffractive structures such as arrays of pinholes, triangular apertures, slits, and holograms have all recently been used to measure the azimuthal index of individual Laguerre-Gaussian beams. Here, we demonstrate a powerful approach to simultaneously measure both the radial and azimuthal indices of pure Laguerre-Gaussian light fields using the method of principal component analysis. We find that the shape of the diffracting element used to measure the mode indices is in fact of little importance and the crucial step is training any diffracting optical system and transforming the observed pattern into uncorrelated variables. The method is generic and may be extended to other families of light fields such as Bessel or Hermite-Gaussian beams.
Peer reviewed
2012-06-04
2013-08-06T11:31:09Z
2013-08-06T11:31:09Z
Journal article
63105102
1650dc6d-a0c0-4191-85d5-01173ae1d0a6
000305089900015
84862151702
Mazilu , M , Mourka , A , Vettenburg , T , Wright , E M & Dholakia , K 2012 , ' Simultaneous determination of the constituent azimuthal and radial mode indices for light fields possessing orbital angular momentum ' , Applied Physics Letters , vol. 100 , no. 23 , 231115 . https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4728111
0003-6951
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/3931
10.1063/1.4728111
EP/G029733/1
eng
Applied Physics Letters
4
1844822
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/123212022-04-28T13:30:39Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Successful suction-cup tagging of a small delphinid species, Stenella attenuata : insights into whistle characteristics
Silva, Tammy L.
Aran Mooney, T.
Sayigh, Laela S.
Baird, Robin W.
Tyack, Peter L.
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
University of St Andrews. Sound Tags Group
University of St Andrews. Bioacoustics group
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
GC Oceanography
GE Environmental Sciences
QH301 Biology
NDAS
GC
GE
QH301
This project was funded by the Office of Naval Research (award number: N000141110612; Program Manager Michael J. Weise), WHOI Marine Mammal Center, and the Sawyer and Penzance Endowed Funds, with additional field time funded by grants through Cascadia Research Collective by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (through the Alaska SeaLife Center) and the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. PLT acknowledges the support of the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland). MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions.
Postprint
Peer reviewed
2017-04-13
2017-12-13T00:32:03Z
2017-12-13T00:32:03Z
2017-12-12
Journal article
Silva , T L , Aran Mooney , T , Sayigh , L S , Baird , R W & Tyack , P L 2017 , ' Successful suction-cup tagging of a small delphinid species, Stenella attenuata : insights into whistle characteristics ' , Marine Mammal Science , vol. 33 , no. 2 , pp. 653-668 . https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12376
1748-7692
PURE: 248188172
PURE UUID: 07e657c2-2cc5-4f41-a575-6ed989a39e0a
Bibtex: urn:fffcdd71a3480d0353c9a15322be2a19
Scopus: 85008255978
WOS: 000399640700015
ORCID: /0000-0002-8409-4790/work/60887880
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12321
https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12376
eng
Marine Mammal Science
© 216, Society for Marine Biology. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at onlinelibrary.wiley.com / https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12376
16
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27572023-04-18T09:39:49Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Comparing motion induction in lateral motion and motion in depth
Harris, Julie
German, KJ
EPSRC
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
Induced motion
Motion in depth
Binocular
Motion
Random-dot stereograms
Induced movement
Eye movements
Perception
Representation
Stereomotion
Velocity
Errors
BF Psychology
BF
Induced motion, the apparent motion of an object when a nearby object moves, has been shown to occur in a variety of different conditions, including motion in depth. Here we explore whether similar patterns of induced motion result from induction in a lateral direction (frontoparallel motion) or induction in depth. We measured the magnitude of induced motion in a stationary target for: (a) binocularly viewed lateral motion of a pair of inducers, where the angular motion is in the same direction for the two eyes, and (b) binocularly viewed motion in depth of inducers, where the angular motions in the two eyes are opposite to each other, but the same magnitude as for the lateral motion. We found that induced motion is of similar magnitude for the two viewing conditions. This suggests a common mechanism for motion induction by both lateral motion and motion in depth, and is consistent with the idea that the visual signals responsible for induced motion are established before angular information is scaled to obtain metric motion in depth.
Preprint
Peer reviewed
2008-02
2012-06-13T11:01:01Z
2012-06-13T11:01:01Z
Journal article
Harris , J & German , KJ 2008 , ' Comparing motion induction in lateral motion and motion in depth ' , Vision Research , vol. 48 , no. 5 , pp. 695-702 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2007.11.018
0042-6989
PURE: 403127
PURE UUID: 063293c5-d155-45d1-9dda-77dadb2cfd32
WOS: 000254112500006
Scopus: 39149127288
ORCID: /0000-0002-3497-4503/work/46085832
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2757
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2007.11.018
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=39149127288&partnerID=8YFLogxK
EP/D002281/1
eng
Vision Research
This is an author version of this work. Published version (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd is available from http://www.sciencedirect.com
8
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/290802024-02-17T00:44:42Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Great power competition in Syria : from proxy war to sanctions war
Hinnebusch, Raymond
University of St Andrews. School of International Relations
Syria
Proxy wars
Sanctions
Great powers
JZ International relations
Social Sciences(all)
T-NDAS
SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
MCC
JZ
This paper examines the latest phase in the Syrian conflict, roughly from 2015 to the current time, a period when agency has largely passed from Syrians to rival great powers which have become the ultimate shapers of developments, above all Russia and the US, but with China recently playing a greater role. Russian and American foreign policy goals in Syria are outlined; next analyzed is how their intervention helped shape a semi-proxy war in Syria. Then the transition to a sanctions war over reconstruction is examined: the various phase of sanctions inflicted on Syria and their impact on it. Then the case of Syrian sanctions is located within the global battle between Washington’s “sanctions hegemony,” and rival great powers seeking a multipolar world, including a look at the impact of the Ukraine war on this contest and on the battle for Syria. Finally attempts at push back by global and regional players against US sanctioning of Syria are examined. The paper ends with a conclusion summarizing how the global struggle has affected Syria and how outcomes in Syria will affect the latter.
Peer reviewed
2023-07-26
2024-01-26T11:30:06Z
2024-01-26T11:30:06Z
Journal article
292548178
a487ac63-0a85-4f46-995c-053040125073
Hinnebusch , R 2023 , ' Great power competition in Syria : from proxy war to sanctions war ' , Syria Studies , vol. 15 , no. 1 , 1 , pp. 1-51 . < https://ojs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.php/syria/article/view/2632 >
2051-1353
ORCID: /0000-0001-5800-6606/work/140830378
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29080
https://ojs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.php/syria/article/view/2632
eng
Syria Studies
51
444010
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/230502024-03-14T00:44:51Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Tropicality and the choc en retour of Covid-19 and climate change
Clayton, Dan
University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development
University of St Andrews. Geographies of Sustainability, Society, Inequalities and Possibilities
Covid-19
Climate change
Choc en retour
Tropicality
Aimé Césaire
G Geography (General)
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
T-NDAS
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
SDG 13 - Climate Action
AC
G1
RA0421
This article reads ‘pandemic, plague, pestilence and the tropics’ through Covid-19, climate change and the discourse of tropicality. It asks: What happens, as seems to be the case today, when the temperate/tropical oppositions around which tropicality revolves start to unravel because the aberrations and excesses (here of epidemic disease and extreme weather) hitherto deemed to belong to tropical areas, and as constitutive of their otherness, are found in temperate ones? This question is broached with a focus on the United Kingdom as one such ‘temperate’ place that currently finds itself in this situation (although the argument has broader resonance), and with Aimé Césaire’s ideas about the choc en retour (boomerang effect) of Western colonisation and la quotidienneté des barbaries (the daily barbarisms) by which this effect works. Evidence and feelers from science, theory, politics, and the media are used to consider how sensibilities of tropicality, and especially (as Césaire enquired) distinctions between the ‘normal’ and ‘pathological,’ and ‘immunity’ and ‘susceptibility,’ permeate the way Covid-19 and climate change are perceived and felt in the temperate world.
Peer reviewed
2021-04-19
2021-04-19T10:30:20Z
2021-04-19T10:30:20Z
Journal article
273872722
58c8a8ad-061a-4aed-936a-8a96055d0b9b
Clayton , D 2021 , ' Tropicality and the choc en retour of Covid-19 and climate change ' , eTropic: Electronic Journal of Studies in the Tropics , vol. 20 , no. 1 , pp. 54-93 . https://doi.org/10.25120/etropic.20.1.2021.3787
1448-2940
ORCID: /0000-0003-2557-5495/work/92775831
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/23050
10.25120/etropic.20.1.2021.3787
eng
eTropic: Electronic Journal of Studies in the Tropics
557195
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/164972018-11-19T12:26:36Zcom_10023_108com_10023_29col_10023_110col_10023_874
Title redacted
Pierini, Carmela
Riccobono, Rossella
PQ4827.0635Z5P5
2016-06-23
2018-11-19T12:24:48Z
2018-11-19T12:24:48Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16497
it
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2021-05-23
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 23rd May 2021
261 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/85842022-05-30T11:30:19Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Spitzer observations of OGLE-2015-BLG-1212 reveal a new path toward breaking strong microlens degeneracies
Bozza, V.
Shvartzvald, Y.
Udalski, A.
Calchi Novati, S.
Bond, I. A.
Han, C.
Hundertmark, M.
Poleski, R.
Pawlak, M.
Szymański, M. K.
Skowron, J.
Mróz, P.
Kozłowski, S.
Wyrzykowski, Ł.
Pietrukowicz, P.
Soszyński, I.
Ulaczyk, K.
Beichman, C.
Bryden, G.
Carey, S.
Fausnaugh, M.
Gaudi, B. S.
Gould, A.
Henderson, C. B.
Pogge, R. W.
Wibking, B.
Yee, J. C.
Zhu, W.
Abe, F.
Asakura, Y.
Barry, R. K.
Bennett, D. P.
Bhattacharya, A.
Donachie, M.
Freeman, M.
Fukui, A.
Hirao, Y.
Inayama, K.
Itow, Y.
Koshimoto, N.
Li, M. C. A.
Ling, C. H.
Masuda, K.
Matsubara, Y.
Muraki, Y.
Nagakane, M.
Nishioka, T.
Ohnishi, K.
Oyokawa, H.
Rattenbury, N.
Saito, To.
Sharan, A.
Sullivan, D. J.
Sumi, T.
Suzuki, D.
Tristram, P. J.
Wakiyama, Y.
Yonehara, A.
Choi, J.-Y.
Park, H.
Jung, Y. K.
Shin, I.-G.
Albrow, M. D.
Park, B.-G.
Kim, S.-L.
Lee, C.-U.
Cha, S.-M.
Kim, D.-J.
Lee, Y.
Dominik, M.
Jørgensen, U. G.
Andersen, M. I.
Bramich, D. M.
Burgdorf, M. J.
Ciceri, S.
D’Ago, G.
Evans, D. F.
Figuera Jaimes, R.
Gu, S.-H.
Hinse, T. C.
Kains, N.
Kerins, E.
Korhonen, H.
Kuffmeier, M.
Mancini, L.
Popovas, A.
Rabus, M.
Rahvar, S.
Rasmussen, R. T.
Scarpetta, G.
Skottfelt, J.
Snodgrass, C.
Southworth, J.
Surdej, J.
Unda-Sanzana, E.
von Essen, C.
Wang, Y.-B.
Wertz, O.
Maoz, D.
Friedmann, M.
Kaspi, S.
The Royal Society
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
Binaries: general
Galaxy: bulge
Gravitational lensing: micro
Planets and satellites: detection
Space vehicles
QC Physics
QB Astronomy
NDAS
QC
QB
The OGLE project has received funding from the National Science Centre, Poland, grant MAESTRO 2014/14/A/ST9/00121 to A.U. Work by Y.S. and C.B.H. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Work by C.H. was supported by Creative Research Initiative Program (2009-0081561) of National Research Foundation of Korea. J.C.Y., A.G., and S.C.N. acknowledge support by JPL grant 1500811. Work by W.Z. and A.G. was supported by NSF AST 1516842. Work by J.C.Y. was performed under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. T.S. acknowledges the financial support from the JSPS, JSPS23103002, JSPS24253004, and JSPS26247023. The MOA project is supported by grants JSPS25103508 and JSPS23340064.
Spitzer microlensing parallax observations of OGLE-2015-BLG-1212decisively break a degeneracy between planetary and binary solutionsthat is somewhat ambiguous when only ground-based data are considered.Only eight viable models survive out of an initial set of 32 localminima in the parameter space. These models clearly indicate that thelens is a stellar binary system possibly located within the bulge of ourGalaxy, ruling out the planetary alternative. We argue that severaltypes of discrete degeneracies can be broken via such space-basedparallax observations.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2016-03-21
2016-04-08T15:30:03Z
2016-04-08T15:30:03Z
Journal article
Bozza , V , Shvartzvald , Y , Udalski , A , Calchi Novati , S , Bond , I A , Han , C , Hundertmark , M , Poleski , R , Pawlak , M , Szymański , M K , Skowron , J , Mróz , P , Kozłowski , S , Wyrzykowski , Ł , Pietrukowicz , P , Soszyński , I , Ulaczyk , K , Beichman , C , Bryden , G , Carey , S , Fausnaugh , M , Gaudi , B S , Gould , A , Henderson , C B , Pogge , R W , Wibking , B , Yee , J C , Zhu , W , Abe , F , Asakura , Y , Barry , R K , Bennett , D P , Bhattacharya , A , Donachie , M , Freeman , M , Fukui , A , Hirao , Y , Inayama , K , Itow , Y , Koshimoto , N , Li , M C A , Ling , C H , Masuda , K , Matsubara , Y , Muraki , Y , Nagakane , M , Nishioka , T , Ohnishi , K , Oyokawa , H , Rattenbury , N , Saito , T , Sharan , A , Sullivan , D J , Sumi , T , Suzuki , D , Tristram , P J , Wakiyama , Y , Yonehara , A , Choi , J-Y , Park , H , Jung , Y K , Shin , I-G , Albrow , M D , Park , B-G , Kim , S-L , Lee , C-U , Cha , S-M , Kim , D-J , Lee , Y , Dominik , M , Jørgensen , U G , Andersen , M I , Bramich , D M , Burgdorf , M J , Ciceri , S , D’Ago , G , Evans , D F , Figuera Jaimes , R , Gu , S-H , Hinse , T C , Kains , N , Kerins , E , Korhonen , H , Kuffmeier , M , Mancini , L , Popovas , A , Rabus , M , Rahvar , S , Rasmussen , R T , Scarpetta , G , Skottfelt , J , Snodgrass , C , Southworth , J , Surdej , J , Unda-Sanzana , E , von Essen , C , Wang , Y-B , Wertz , O , Maoz , D , Friedmann , M & Kaspi , S 2016 , ' Spitzer observations of OGLE-2015-BLG-1212 reveal a new path toward breaking strong microlens degeneracies ' , Astrophysical Journal , vol. 820 , no. 1 , 79 . https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/79
0004-637X
PURE: 241822461
PURE UUID: 93b0c9cb-4c01-4311-a76b-05ec398150e4
BibCode: 2016ApJ...820...79B
Scopus: 84961575256
WOS: 000372787000078
ORCID: /0000-0002-3202-0343/work/75996741
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8584
https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/79
UF100010 / UF130581
eng
Astrophysical Journal
© 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at: https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/79
10
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/142062019-03-29T10:26:58Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17col_10023_47
Multiple origins of 'Senecio cambrensis' Rosser and related evolutionary studies of British 'Senecio'
Ashton, Paul Allan
Abbott, Richard J.
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
QK495.S56A8
Senecio
The most important finding to emerge from the studies reported in this thesis was the discovery that the newly arisen allopolyploid species, S. cambrensis Rosser, has originated on more than one occasion in Britain. A survey of isozyme variation for acid phosphatase (ACP) and a-esterase (a-EST) in S. cambrensis (2n = 60) and its putative parents, the Oxford Ragwort, Senecio squalidus L. (2n = 20) and the Common Groundsel, S. vulgaris L. (2n = 40), produced clear evidence that the Scottish and Welsh populations of S. cambrensis have separate origins. In addition, isozyme banding patterns for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) indicated that populations of S. cambrensis from Wrexham and Mochdre in N. Wales also represent independent origins of the species in Britain. Extending the isozyme survey to include other populations of the two parental species led to the confirmation that the radiate allele in S. vulgaris has an introgressive origin from S. squalidus. Evidence for this came from an analysis of variation at the Got-1 locus. It was established that the Got-1a allele which is present in British S. squalidus populations at high frequency also occurs in the radiate morph of S. vulgaris, but is virtually absent from the non-radiate morph. The greater allelic variation found at the Got-1 locus in the radiate morph, compared to the non-radiate morph, was considered to be a direct result of this introgression. In contrast, at other loci, the non-radiate morph exhibited greater allelic variation than the radiate morph, despite having a higher level of inbreeding. The reduced level of genetic variation in the radiate variant at these loci is presumed to be due to the recent origin of the radiate morph in Britain. Of additional interest was the finding that S. squalidus contains a low level of genetic variation compared with most other outcrossing species that have been surveyed to date, probably due to a genetic bottleneck experienced by the species during its colonisation of Britain. Nevertheless, the level of variation within S. squalidus was still higher than that observed in the predominantly selfing S. vulgaris. Finally, evidence from the electrophoretic survey has confirmed the close evolutionary relationship of several other members of Senecio section Annui (S. viscosus, S. sylvaticus, S. vulgaris ssp. denticulatus, S. teneriffae and S. vernalis ) to S. vulgaris var. vulgaris and S. squalidus, but has failed to support the hypothesis that S. vulgaris originated from S. vernalis via autopolyploidy.
1991
2018-06-18T13:58:15Z
2018-06-18T13:58:15Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14206
en
application/pdf
262 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/212522023-04-26T00:07:30Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
‘All in one’ photo-reactor pod containing TiO2 coated glass beads and LEDs for continuous photocatalytic destruction of cyanotoxins in water
Gunaratne, Nimal
Pestana, Carlos
Skillen, Nathan
Hui, Jianing
Rajendran, Saravanan
Edwards, Christine
Irvine, John Thomas Sirr
Robertson, Peter
Lawton, Linda
EPSRC
EPSRC
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. Centre for Designer Quantum Materials
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
QD Chemistry
DAS
SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation
QD
Authors wish to thank EPSRC Global Challenges program for providing the funding for this project (Grant number EP/P029280/1). NS wishes to thank ‘Energy Pioneering Research Program (PRP)’ at QUB. JTSI and JH wish to acknowledge EPSRC Capital for Great Technologies (Grant EP/LP017008/1and EP/R02375/1).
Blooms of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in water reservoirs frequently produce highly toxic secondary metabolites including microcystins which have resulted in both human and animal fatalities. To tackle this global problem, we present here a viable solution: utilising the photo-catalytic power of TiO2 immobilised on glass beads that are encased in ‘photo-reactor pods’, equipped with UV LEDs, for the photocatalytic destruction of cyanotoxins. These reactor pods are designed in such a way that they can be used continuously with the aid of a power supply to facilitate the photocatalytic process. This process could be used to address one of the Global Challenges: providing safe drinking water around the globe.
Postprint
Peer reviewed
2020-04
2021-01-09T00:38:55Z
2021-01-09T00:38:55Z
2021-01-09
Journal article
Gunaratne , N , Pestana , C , Skillen , N , Hui , J , Rajendran , S , Edwards , C , Irvine , J T S , Robertson , P & Lawton , L 2020 , ' ‘All in one’ photo-reactor pod containing TiO 2 coated glass beads and LEDs for continuous photocatalytic destruction of cyanotoxins in water ' , Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology , vol. 6 , no. 4 , pp. 945-950 . https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00711c
2053-1400
PURE: 267283387
PURE UUID: 1cace93b-8546-439c-ba52-d650536b50df
ORCID: /0000-0002-8394-3359/work/71954821
Scopus: 85083090486
WOS: 000525041900024
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21252
https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00711c
EP/P029280/1
EP/R023751/1
eng
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EW00711C
5
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/66242022-04-05T15:31:05Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
"Something that unites us all” : understandings of St. Patrick’s Day parades as representing the Irish national group
O'Donnell, Aisling
Muldoon, Orla
Blaylock, Danielle
Stevenson, Clifford
Bryan, Dominic
Reicher, Stephen David
Pehrson, Samuel David
Economic & Social Research Council
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
National identity
Social identity
Parades
Rituals
Thematic analysis
Crown psychology
BF Psychology
NDAS
BF
The present study investigates how attendees at national celebratory crowd events – specifically St. Patrick’s Day parades – understand the role of such events in representing and uniting the national community. We conducted semi-structured interviews with people who attended St. Patrick’s Day parades in either Dublin or Belfast. In year 1, full-length interviews were conducted before and after the events (N=17), and in years 1 and 2, shorter interviews were conducted during the events (year 1 N=170; year 2 N=142). Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis, allowing the identification of three broad themes. Participants reported that (a) the events extend the boundary of the national group, using participation to define who counts as Irish; (b) the events strategically represent the nature of the national group, maximising positive images and managing stereotypical representations (c) symbolism serves to unify the group but can also disrupt already fragile unity and so must be managed. Overall, this points to a strategic identity dimension to these crowd events. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research in terms of the role of large scale celebratory events in the strategic representation of everyday social identities.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2016-01-11
2015-05-06T16:01:02Z
2015-05-06T16:01:02Z
Journal article
O'Donnell , A , Muldoon , O , Blaylock , D , Stevenson , C , Bryan , D , Reicher , S D & Pehrson , S D 2016 , ' "Something that unites us all” : understandings of St. Patrick’s Day parades as representing the Irish national group ' , Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology , vol. 26 , no. 1 , pp. 61-74 . https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2236
1052-9284
PURE: 182354744
PURE UUID: bb09ab7e-7cda-4c8a-af8b-391539168c0c
Scopus: 84954388676
ORCID: /0000-0002-9259-6408/work/60196846
WOS: 000368016200005
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6624
https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2236
RES-062-23-1140
eng
Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology
© 2015 The Authors. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
14
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/209582024-03-17T00:44:24Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Alcohol production and consumption in contemporary Europe : identity, practice, and power through wine
Ferris, Kate
Moss, Stella
Arts and Humanities Research Council
University of St Andrews. School of History
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Institute for Transnational & Spatial History
Alcohol consumption production Europe 20-th century
D901 Europe (General)
SB Plant culture
T-NDAS
D901
SB
Funding: UK Arts and Humanities Reserach Council grant AH/L007436/1.
Introduction to a Special Issue.
Peer reviewed
2020-11
2020-11-12T15:30:24Z
2020-11-12T15:30:24Z
Journal article
271171385
3ccb1116-e8e2-43bb-a5fc-1f64861515e5
000583790000001
85095980883
Ferris , K & Moss , S 2020 , ' Alcohol production and consumption in contemporary Europe : identity, practice, and power through wine ' , Contemporary European History , vol. 29 , no. 4 , pp. 373-379 . https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960777320000399
0960-7773
ORCID: /0000-0002-3707-5618/work/83481702
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/20958
10.1017/S0960777320000399
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/contemporary-european-history/article/alcohol-production-and-consumption-in-contemporary-europe-identity-practice-and-power-through-wine/FD3D71B292E6F2B66869682DA395A15D/share/5e608adb69bfaf9cc9e5930082187683fcd5a72e
AH/L007436/1
eng
Contemporary European History
7
214856
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/83552022-04-05T15:31:18Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
The influence of water motion on the growth rate of the kelp Laminaria digitata
Kregting, Louise
Blight, Andrew J.
Elsäßer, Björn
Savidge, Graham
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Sediment Ecology Research Group
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
Hydrodynamics
Light
Macroalgae
Nutrients
Productivity
NDAS
The work described in this paper was produced as part of SuperGen Marine Energy Research Consortium II, which was funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (grant number EP/E040136/1).
The shallow water kelp Laminaria digitata, abundant in coastal zones of the North Atlantic, is exposed to a range of hydrodynamic environments that makes it ideal for assessing the role of water motion on their growth rate. Here we quantify the growth of L. digitata, as a factor of blade and stipe elongation, at sites adjacent to Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland under different hydrodynamic conditions over a one year period. A modelling approach was used to numerically determine both the temporal and spatial variability of the hydrodynamic environment. Ambient seawater nutrient concentrations, temperature and irradiance were measured as well as the internal nutrient status of the L. digitata populations. Kelp populations growing in the greatest and lowest water motion showed the lowest growth rates. Differences observed in growth rate could not be attributed to seawater nutrient availability, temperature or light. The internal nutrient status also suggested no influence on the observed differences in growth rate. Therefore if there are minimal differences in light, temperature and nutrients between sites, then populations of L. digitata exposed to different water motions are likely to exhibit different growth rates. It is suggested that the growth rate differences observed were a function of water motion with the possibility that, in response to the hydrodynamic forces experienced by the algal cells, L. digitata kelps in the high energy environments were putting more energy into strengthening cell walls rather than blade elongation.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2016-05
2016-03-03T10:40:05Z
2016-03-03T10:40:05Z
Journal article
Kregting , L , Blight , A J , Elsäßer , B & Savidge , G 2016 , ' The influence of water motion on the growth rate of the kelp Laminaria digitata ' , Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol. 478 , pp. 86-95 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.02.006
0022-0981
PURE: 241405803
PURE UUID: c0615e92-3734-4f3e-bc34-deab314fbbb4
RIS: urn:0CFD8AC30F598726AA7E68AF23A5A296
Scopus: 84959450134
WOS: 000374200200011
ORCID: /0000-0002-9665-8813/work/76386979
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8355
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.02.006
eng
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
© 2016 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license, which permits copy and redistribution of the material in any medium or format. You must provide appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may not use the material for commercial purposes. If you remix, transform or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
10
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/199082024-03-02T00:39:56Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Honeybee activity monitoring in a biohybrid system for explosives detection
Simić, Mitar
Gillanders, Ross Neil
Avramović, Aleksej
Gajić, Slavica
Jovanović, Vedran
Stojnić, Vladan
Risojević, Vladimir
Glackin, James
Turnbull, Graham Alexander
Filipi, Janja
Kezić, Nikola
Muštra, Mario
Babić, Zdenka
Badnjevic, Almir
Škrbić, Ranko
Gurbeta Pokvić, Lejla
NATO
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. Sir James Mackenzie Institute for Early Diagnosis
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biophotonics
Biosensors
Explosive detection
Honeybees
Organic-based explosive vapor sensing films
UAV
QC Physics
QH301 Biology
T Technology
NDAS
QC
QH301
T
Free-flying honeybees can electrostatically collect particles from air in the flying and foraging areas, which in conjunction with organic-based explosive vapor sensing films, placed at the entrance to the beehive, can be used as a passive explosive sensing mechanism. Moreover, bees can be trained to actively search for a smell of explosive. Using trained honeybees in conjunction with a system for honeybee localization enables generation of a spatial-time honeybee density map, where the most visited places point to suspicious areas. In both methods (passive and active), bees’ activity monitoring plays a significant role, providing information about environmental parameters and activities of bees at the entrance and exit of a beehive. In this paper we present the design and realization of an electronic system for bee activity monitoring at the front of a hive while using bees for explosive detection. The system also monitors air temperature and relative humidity. Results obtained to date from activity monitoring are useful in planning testing activities within our active and passive method, as it can determine the optimal period of the day and environmental parameters in which bees are most active.
2019
2020-05-10T23:34:56Z
2020-05-10T23:34:56Z
2020-05-11
Conference item
259033464
fabd8317-4d02-4268-89cb-be84f7cfd4fc
85066041136
000491311000029
Simić , M , Gillanders , R N , Avramović , A , Gajić , S , Jovanović , V , Stojnić , V , Risojević , V , Glackin , J , Turnbull , G A , Filipi , J , Kezić , N , Muštra , M & Babić , Z 2019 , Honeybee activity monitoring in a biohybrid system for explosives detection . in A Badnjevic , R Škrbić & L Gurbeta Pokvić (eds) , CMBEBIH 2019 : Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering, 16 ̶̶ 18 May 2019, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina . IFMBE Proceedings , vol. 73 , Springer , Cham , pp. 185-192 , International Conference on Medical and BIological Engineering (CMBEBIH 2019) , Banja Luka , Bosnia and Herzegovina , 16/05/19 . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17971-7_29
conference
9783030179700
9783030179717
1680-0737
ORCID: /0000-0002-8825-3234/work/57821933
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/19908
10.1007/978-3-030-17971-7_29
MYP G5355
eng
CMBEBIH 2019
IFMBE Proceedings
771095
application/pdf
Springer
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/286822024-03-02T00:48:16Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Silvina Montrul, Native speakers, interrupted: differential object marking and language change in heritage languages
Hopkyns, Sarah
University of St Andrews. International Education Institute
P Philology. Linguistics
P1
SILVINA MONTRUL, Native speakers, interrupted: Differential object marking and language change in heritage languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. Pp. 324. Hb. £85.
Peer reviewed
2024-04
2023-11-13T12:30:08Z
2023-11-13T12:30:08Z
Journal item
296307419
ee9dd94e-26a5-4423-844d-fd94eb47be2b
Hopkyns , S 2024 , ' Silvina Montrul, Native speakers, interrupted: differential object marking and language change in heritage languages ' , Language in Society , vol. 53 , no. 2 .
0047-4045
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/28682
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/language-in-society
eng
Language in Society
124963
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/149242019-03-29T10:26:59Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17col_10023_47
Environmental physiology of two hoverflies, "Eristalis tenax" and "E. pertinax"
Bressin, Sabine
Willmer, Pat
QL537.S9B8
Syrphidae
Eristalis tenax and E. pertinax are two closely related Scottish hoverflies that share various ecological features, such as feeding sources, but differ in others (e.g. only adult E. tenax overwinter). The physiological performances and behaviour of these flies were studied in relation to the hygrothermal constraints faced, as were the physiological adaptations in the two (summer and winter) generations of E. tenax. Their water loss rates are rather high, lying in the upper part of the range for mesic insects. Rates are higher in E. tenax than in E. pertinax, and higher in male than in female E. pertinax. Water loss rates can be modified, notably in overwintering, water stressed females. Because of the rather high levels of evaporative cooling, these flies equilibrate at a temperature lower than ambient temperature. This work supports Bakken's (1976) recommendation of using equilibrium temperature as the "external" temperature for the estimation of warming and cooling constants, and further analyses the effects of evaporative cooling on these constants. Both species have endothermic abilities. Only E. tenax thermoregulate to a moderate degree in forward flight, but hovering male E. pertinax are excellent thermoregulators. Haemolymph shunting appears to be in operation in E. tenax, but is unlikely to be a controlled process. Large flies exchange heat with the environment more slowly, have faster warm-up rates, and take off at (and fly with) higher thoracic temperatures than small ones. Both linear dimensions and mass have to be considered, as the various aspects of insects' biology are not affected by the same size factor and because only then can "real" sex differences be distinguished from ones resulting from a difference in shape in males and females. In Scotland, male E. pertinax hover whereas male E. tenax do not. Hovering duration is strongly influenced by temperature. The foraging activity of these flies appears to be controlled in part by a circadian rhythm with additional effects of temperature in male E. tenax, and of light in E. pertinax. Overwintering female E. tenax select crevices in caves and ruins that offer a relatively constant, warm and highly humid microclimate. The start and end of overwintering appear to be triggered by changes in ambient temperature. Further opportunities for comparative studies of eristalines across their broad geographical range and between summer and winter generations are considered.
1999
2018-07-04T13:56:32Z
2018-07-04T13:56:32Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14924
en
application/pdf
335 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/246332024-03-08T00:44:29Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Open Science – for whom?
Dominik, Martin
Nzweundji, Justine Germo
Ahmed, Nova
Carnicelli, Sandro
Mat Jalaluddin, Nurzatil Sharleeza
Fernandez Rivas, David
Narita, Vanny
Enany, Shymaa
Rios Rojas, Clarissa
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science
Open Science
Global equity
Strategic Development Goals
Open Access
Research culture
Q Science
SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities
Q
Who can participate in Open Science and whose interests are served? Open Science in principle holds the potential to reduce inequality, but this is not going to happen unless it operates within a consistent framework and environment that supports this goal. Unequal power and opportunities from institutional to global level constitutes a major obstacle to human development, while we need to appreciate diversity as a key asset. How can we build an equitable global research ecosystem in accordance with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that recognises science as a global common good and an integral part of the shared cultural heritage of humankind?
Peer reviewed
2022-01-10
2022-01-10T16:30:17Z
2022-01-10T16:30:17Z
Journal item
277404247
e7c08913-9d48-4da5-a84c-c2e5e4ff519c
85125998004
Dominik , M , Nzweundji , J G , Ahmed , N , Carnicelli , S , Mat Jalaluddin , N S , Fernandez Rivas , D , Narita , V , Enany , S & Rios Rojas , C 2022 , ' Open Science – for whom? ' , Data Science Journal , vol. 21 , 1 , pp. 1-8 . https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2022-001
1683-1470
crossref: 10.5334/dsj-2022-001
ORCID: /0000-0002-3202-0343/work/106397355
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/24633
10.5334/dsj-2022-001
eng
Data Science Journal
8
684366
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/182262023-04-18T23:53:46Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
On the number of subsemigroups of direct products involving the free monogenic semigroup
Clayton, Ashley
Ruskuc, Nikola
University of St Andrews. Pure Mathematics
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Computational Algebra
Subdirect product
Subsemigroup
Free mongenic semigroup
QA Mathematics
T-NDAS
QA
The direct product ℕ x ℕ of two free monogenic semigroups contains uncountably many pairwise nonisomorphic subdirect products. Furthermore, the following hold for ℕ x S, where S is a finite semigroup. It contains only countably manypairwise non-isomorphic subsemigroups if and only if S is a union of groups. And it contains only countably many pairwise nonisomorphic subdirect products if and only if every element of S has a relative left or right identity element.
Postprint
Peer reviewed
2019-02-01
2019-07-31T23:41:45Z
2019-07-31T23:41:45Z
2019-08-01
Journal article
Clayton , A & Ruskuc , N 2019 , ' On the number of subsemigroups of direct products involving the free monogenic semigroup ' , Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society , vol. First View . https://doi.org/10.1017/S1446788718000605
1446-7887
PURE: 256432336
PURE UUID: baf58f2a-563b-4dc8-8a5b-322c86ebcc0b
Scopus: 85061003671
ORCID: /0000-0003-2415-9334/work/73702042
WOS: 000545633100003
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18226
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1446788718000605
eng
Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society
© 2019 Australian Mathematical Publishing Association Inc. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher's policies. This is the author created accepted version manuscript following peer review and as such may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1017/S1446788718000605
12
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/30622019-04-01T08:18:00Zcom_10023_86com_10023_26col_10023_88
Consuming democracy : local agencies and liberal peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo
De Goede, Meike J.
Richmond, Oliver P.
Liberal peace
Local agencies
Democratic Republic of Congo
National Assembly
Institution building
Political practices
Informal politics
DT653.G7
Congo (Democratic Republic)--Politics and government
Peace-building--Africa
Local government--Africa
Liberalism--Africa
This thesis focuses on liberal peace building in the DRC. The thesis takes a critical approach which emphasises local agencies and their engagements with liberal peace building. However, it seeks to bring this critique back to the institutions with which liberal peace building is preoccupied, by focusing on the hidden local that operates within these institutions. This
approach seeks to give new meaning to processes of institution building without rendering institutions irrelevant as a top-down approach.
Focusing on the first legislature of the Congolese Third Republic (2006-2011) this thesis provides a case study of how local agencies consume liberal democracy within the National Assembly, and make it their own. It discusses current liberal peace building practices as a process of mutual disengagement, in which both the local and liberal intervention seek to disengage from each other. Although this results in a lack of legitimacy of the peace building
project both locally as well as with liberal interventions, it also creates hybrid space in which local agencies consume liberal democracy.
The thesis conceptualises these local agencies as being convivial, in other words, they are enabled by people’s relations. The thesis therefore focuses on MPs relations with their electorate, as well as with the executive and other MPs in their party or ruling coalition. In through these interactions local agencies consume liberal democracy – it is accepted, rejected,
diverted, substituted, etc. The thesis concludes that through these practices of consumption local agencies negotiate liberal democracy. The liberal democratic framework is kept intact, but it is not enabled to function as foreseen, because local agencies are responsive to a moral matrix of the father-family. However, the liberal democratic framework itself provides new tools through which local agencies also renegotiate the unwritten rules of the moral matrix of the father-family.
2012-05-07
2012-09-03T11:34:40Z
2012-09-03T11:34:40Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3062
en
application/pdf
225
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/5862019-04-01T12:43:16Zcom_10023_582com_10023_381col_10023_583
Inaugural address delivered to the University of St Andrews March 19, 1869 / by James Anthony Froude.
Froude, James Anthony, 1818-1894.
Previously in the University eprints HAIRST pilot service at http://eprints.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/00000152/
1869
2008-12-12T14:41:45Z
2008-12-12T14:41:45Z
Book
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/586
en
6463990 bytes
application/pdf
application/pdf
41 p.
Longmans, Green and Co.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/46302023-04-18T09:41:51Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Micro-expression recognition training in medical students: a pilot study
Endres, Jennifer
Laidlaw, Anita Helen
University of St Andrews. Centre for Higher Education Research
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Medical education
Facial expression
Communication
R Medicine (General)
L Education (General)
R1
L1
Background: Patients provide emotional cues during consultations which may be verbal or non-verbal. Many studies focus on patient verbal cues as predictors of physicians' ability to recognize and address patient needs but this project focused on non-verbal cues in the form of facial micro-expressions. This pilot study investigated first year medical students' (n = 75) identified as being either good or poor communicators abilities to detect emotional micro-expressions before and after training using the Micro Expression Training Tool (METT) http://www.mettonline.com. Methods: The sample consisted of 24 first year medical students, 9 were from the lowest performance quartile in a communication skills OS CE (Objective Structured Clinical Exam) station and 15 were from the highest performance quartile. These students completed the METT individually, recording pre- and post-assessment scores. Students were also invited to provide their views on the training. Results: No difference in pre-assessment scores was found between the lowest and highest quartile groups (P = 0.797). Af ter training, students in the high quartile showed significant improvement in the recognition of facial micro-expressions (P = 0.014). The lowest quartile students showed no improvement (P = 0.799). Conclusion: In conclusion, this pilot study showed there was no difference between the ability of medical undergraduate students assessed as being good communicators and those assessed as poor communicators to identify facial micro-expressions. But, the study did highlight that those students demonstrating good general clinical communication benefited from the training aspect of the METT, whereas low performing students did not gain. Why this should be the case is not clear and further investigation should be carried out to determine why lowest quartile students did not benefit.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2009-07-20
2014-04-28T12:01:03Z
2014-04-28T12:01:03Z
Journal article
Endres , J & Laidlaw , A H 2009 , ' Micro-expression recognition training in medical students: a pilot study ' , BMC Medical Education , vol. 9 , no. 47 , 47 . https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-9-47
PURE: 3409044
PURE UUID: 2cf49f6d-bc10-4d3d-ae0b-4039c8aa964f
Scopus: 68749104763
ORCID: /0000-0003-1214-4100/work/59698700
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4630
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-9-47
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=68749104763&partnerID=8YFLogxK
http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6920-9-47.pdf
eng
BMC Medical Education
© 2009 Endres and Laidlaw; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
6
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/85762022-05-06T11:30:35Zcom_10023_64com_10023_22com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_65col_10023_880
Examining monetary policy transmission in the People's Republic of China – structural change models with a Monetary Policy Index
Egan, Paul Gerard
Leddin, Anthony J.
University of St Andrews. School of Economics and Finance
IS curve
Kalman filter
Monetary policy
People's Bank of China
Structural change
HB Economic Theory
HB
The financial support of the Irish Research Council and The Paul Tansey Economics Postgraduate Research Scholarship is greatly appreciated.
This paper estimates augmented versions of the Investment–Saving curve for the People's Republic of China in an attempt to examine the relationship between monetary policy and the real economy. It endeavors to account for any structural break, nonlinearity, or asymmetry in the transmission process by estimating a breakpoint model and a Markov switching model. The Investment–Saving curve equations are estimated using a Monetary Policy Index, which has been calculated using the Kalman filter. This index will account for the various monetary policy tools, both quantitative and qualitative, that the People's Bank of China has used over the period 1991–2014. The results of this paper suggest that monetary policy has an asymmetric affect depending on the level of output in relation to potential, and that the People's Republic of China's exchange rate policy has restricted the effectiveness of the People's Bank of China's monetary policy response.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2016-03
2016-04-07T15:00:03Z
2016-04-07T15:00:03Z
Journal article
Egan , P G & Leddin , A J 2016 , ' Examining monetary policy transmission in the People's Republic of China – structural change models with a Monetary Policy Index ' , Asian Development Review , vol. 33 , no. 1 , pp. 74-110 . https://doi.org/10.1162/ADEV_a_00062
0116-1105
PURE: 241730792
PURE UUID: c1c9b2a0-9616-4e72-8497-76c9037cd3d4
Scopus: 84962644254
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8576
https://doi.org/10.1162/ADEV_a_00062
eng
Asian Development Review
© 2016 Asian Development Bank and Asian Development Bank Institute. This is an Open Access article. Articles in Asian Development Review are published under a CC BY 3.0 IGO license.
37
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/244002024-03-07T00:44:49Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
TEKA : a transnational network of Esperanto-speaking physicians
Koschek, Marcel
University of St Andrews. School of History
Internationalism
Network of physicians
Esperanto
Transnationalism
PM Hyperborean, Indian, and Artificial languages
R Medicine
3rd-DAS
NIS
PM
R
The Tutmonda Esperanta Kuracista Asocio (Worldwide Esperanto Medical Association, TEKA) was founded in 1908 at the Fourth International Esperanto Congress in Dresden and was the international medical association of the Esperanto movement. The aim was to “facilitate practical relations between Esperanto-speaking doctors of all countries.” The interest within the Esperanto movement was immense: after one year, TEKA had more than 400 members all over the world with a focus on Europe; one year later, there were more than 600 members with official representatives in about 100 cities. In Europe, a medical press in Esperanto had already been established. The approach of these journals was both simple and brilliant: the doctors presented the latest medical findings from their home countries in a peer review system and critically examined the articles in their vernacular. This made each issue a compendium of the most important and pioneering findings of national research. The numerous experts also had many other connections with, for example, the Red Cross and similar organizations. Thus, after a short period of time, TEKA brought together the expertise of countless physicians. This paper examines TEKA as a transnational network of experts before World War I. The history of the association and the role of Medicine within the Esperanto movement are briefly discussed. The focus is then on the various association journals and the circulation of knowledge. Finally, the essay offers a look at TEKA’s cooperative endeavors with the Red Cross. It works from a transnational perspective and takes a close view of the actors and their personal backgrounds at appropriate points. Furthermore, lists of members and journal subscribers are provided in map form to make the global spread of the movement within medicine visible.
Peer reviewed
2021-06-01
2021-11-25T15:30:05Z
2021-11-25T15:30:05Z
Journal article
276252726
eb038ddd-c667-44fe-9708-88ccdbbe3d43
Koschek , M 2021 , ' TEKA : a transnational network of Esperanto-speaking physicians ' , The Hungarian Historical Review , vol. 10 , no. 2 , pp. 243-266 . https://doi.org/10.38145/2021.2.243
2063-8647
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/24400
10.38145/2021.2.243
eng
The Hungarian Historical Review
539433
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/279392024-03-19T00:44:48Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Mixed chiral and achiral character in substituted ethane : a next generation QTAIM perspective
Li, Zi
Xu, Tianlv
Früchtl, Herbert
van Mourik, Tanja
Kirk, Steven R.
Jenkins, Samantha
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Equality, Diversity & Inclusion
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Achiral
Chiral
Ethane
Next Generation QTAIM
Halogen
QD Chemistry
NDAS
MCC
QD
Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China is gratefully acknowledged, project approval number: 21673071. The One Hundred Talents Foundation of Hunan Province is also gratefully acknowledged for the support of S.J. and S.R.K. H.F. and T.v.M. gratefully acknowledge computational support via the EaStCHEM Research Computing Facility.
We use the newly introduced spanning stress tensor trajectory Uσ-space construction within next generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules (NG-QTAIM) for a chirality investigation of singly and doubly substituted ethane with halogen substituents: F, Cl, Br. Singly substituted ethane was overall achiral comprising cancelling chiral components in Uσ-space. The resultant axial bond critical point (BCP) sliding responded more strongly to the increase in atomic number of the substituted halogen than the chirality. The presence of the very light F atom was found responsible for a very high degree of achiral character of the doubly substituted ethane.
Peer reviewed
2022-09-16
2023-07-11T23:37:55Z
2023-07-11T23:37:55Z
2023-07-12
Journal article
280572342
5e7d92f6-a643-4a96-97cd-7d7d224c76ae
85133843428
000884411100002
Li , Z , Xu , T , Früchtl , H , van Mourik , T , Kirk , S R & Jenkins , S 2022 , ' Mixed chiral and achiral character in substituted ethane : a next generation QTAIM perspective ' , Chemical Physics Letters , vol. 803 , 139762 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139762
0009-2614
RIS: urn:C03B615573EEAA2081FE384E59B6E020
ORCID: /0000-0001-7683-3293/work/116598016
ORCID: /0000-0001-6647-4266/work/116910224
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/27939
10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139762
https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.01260
eng
Chemical Physics Letters
8
1446051
3078599
application/pdf
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/283812024-03-20T16:30:07Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Cooling the optical-spin driven limit cycle oscillations of a levitated gyroscope
Arita, Yoshihiko
Simpson, Stephen
Bruce, Graham David
Wright, Ewan Malcolm
cz, Academy of sciences of
Dholakia, Kishan
EPSRC
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biophotonics
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. Sir James Mackenzie Institute for Early Diagnosis
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
QC Physics
DAS
QC
Funding: Acknowledgements Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/P030017/1); Australian Research Council (DP220102303); Akademie vĕd České republiky (Praemium Academiae); Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15 003/0000476).
Birefringent microspheres, trapped in vacuum and set into rotation by circularly polarised light, demonstrate remarkably stable translational motion. This is in marked contrast to isotropic particles in similar conditions. Here we demonstrate that this stability is obtained because the fast rotation of these birefringent spheres reduces the effect of azimuthal spin forces created by the inhomogeneous optical spin of circularly polarised light. At reduced pressures, the unique profile of these rotationally averaged, effective azimuthal forces results in the formation of nano-scale limit cycles. We demonstrate feedback cooling of these non-equilibrium oscillators, resulting in effective temperatures on the order of a milliKelvin. The principles we elaborate here can inform the design of high-stability rotors carrying enhanced centripetal loads or result in more efficient cooling schemes for autonomous limit cycle oscillations. Ultimately, this latter development could provide experimental access to non-equilibrium quantum effects within the mesoscopic regime.
Peer reviewed
2023-09-01
2023-09-14T15:30:02Z
2023-09-14T15:30:02Z
Journal article
292127918
35b3be28-796f-4527-a4a8-7ac566618dae
85169685984
Arita , Y , Simpson , S , Bruce , G D , Wright , E M , cz , A O S O & Dholakia , K 2023 , ' Cooling the optical-spin driven limit cycle oscillations of a levitated gyroscope ' , Communications Physics , vol. 6 , 238 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-023-01336-4
2399-3650
ORCID: /0000-0003-3403-0614/work/142498976
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/28381
10.1038/s42005-023-01336-4
EP/P030017/1
eng
Communications Physics
7
1692852
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/38592024-03-27T00:40:52Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Cetacean abundance and distribution in European Atlantic shelf waters to inform conservation and management
Hammond, Philip Steven
Macleod, Kelly
Berggren, Per
Borchers, David Louis
Burt, M Louise
Cañadas, Ana
Desportes, Genevieve
Donovan, Greg P
Gilles, Anita
Gillespie, Douglas Michael
Gordon, Jonathan Charles David
Hiby, Lex
Kuklik, Iwona
Leaper, Russell
Lehnert, Kristina
Leopold, Mardik
Lovell, Philip
Øien, Nils
Paxton, Charles G. M.
Ridoux, Vincent
Rogan, Emer
Samarra, Filipa Isabel Pereira
Scheidat, Meike
Sequeira, Marina
Siebert, Ursula
Skov, Henrik
Swift, Rene James
Tasker, Mark
Teilmann, Jonas
Van Canneyt, Olivier
Vázquez, José Antonio
NERC
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews. Sound Tags Group
University of St Andrews. Bioacoustics group
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
Conservation status
North Sea
Line transect sampling
SCANS
Harbour porpoise
Bottlenose dolphin
Common dolphin
White-beaked dolphin
Minke whale
Bycatch
Habitats Directive
QH301 Biology
QH301
This article was made open access through BIS OA funding.
The European Union (EU) Habitats Directive requires Member States to monitor and maintain at favourable conservation status those species identified to be in need of protection, including all cetaceans. In July 2005 we surveyed the entire EU Atlantic continental shelf to generate robust estimates of abundance for harbour porpoise and other cetacean species. The survey used line transect sampling methods and purpose built data collection equipment designed to minimise bias in estimates of abundance. Shipboard transects covered 19,725 km in sea conditions ⩽Beaufort 4 in an area of 1,005,743 km2. Aerial transects covered 15,802 km in good/moderate conditions (⩽Beaufort 3) in an area of 364,371 km2. Thirteen cetacean species were recorded; abundance was estimated for harbour porpoise (375,358; CV = 0.197), bottlenose dolphin (16,485; CV = 0.422), white-beaked dolphin (16,536; CV = 0.303), short-beaked common dolphin (56,221; CV = 0.234) and minke whale (18,958; CV = 0.347). Abundance in 2005 was similar to that estimated in July 1994 for harbour porpoise, white-beaked dolphin and minke whale in a comparable area. However, model-based density surfaces showed a marked difference in harbour porpoise distribution between 1994 and 2005. Our results allow EU Member States to discharge their responsibilities under the Habitats Directive and inform other international organisations concerning the assessment of conservation status of cetaceans and the impact of bycatch at a large spatial scale. The lack of evidence for a change in harbour porpoise abundance in EU waters as a whole does not exclude the possibility of an impact of bycatch in some areas. Monitoring bycatch and estimation of abundance continue to be essential.
Peer reviewed
2013-08
2013-07-23T09:31:02Z
2013-07-23T09:31:02Z
Journal article
21236830
2797cb88-432f-45ca-962e-b917ac3ea2bd
84876433065
Hammond , P S , Macleod , K , Berggren , P , Borchers , D L , Burt , M L , Cañadas , A , Desportes , G , Donovan , G P , Gilles , A , Gillespie , D M , Gordon , J C D , Hiby , L , Kuklik , I , Leaper , R , Lehnert , K , Leopold , M , Lovell , P , Øien , N , Paxton , C G M , Ridoux , V , Rogan , E , Samarra , F I P , Scheidat , M , Sequeira , M , Siebert , U , Skov , H , Swift , R J , Tasker , M , Teilmann , J , Van Canneyt , O & Vázquez , J A 2013 , ' Cetacean abundance and distribution in European Atlantic shelf waters to inform conservation and management ' , Biological Conservation , vol. 164 , pp. 107-122 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.04.010
0006-3207
ORCID: /0000-0002-2381-8302/work/47531612
ORCID: /0000-0002-9350-3197/work/34033064
ORCID: /0000-0001-9628-157X/work/60427073
ORCID: /0000-0002-3944-0754/work/72842482
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/3859
10.1016/j.biocon.2013.04.010
NE/J020176/1
eng
Biological Conservation
3968987
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/148142019-04-01T09:23:07Zcom_10023_117com_10023_30col_10023_119
The theory of rational decision and the foundations of ethics
Sowden, Lanning Patrick
Mayo, Bernard
University of St Andrews
BJ45.S7
Ethics
Contractarianism (Ethics)
Utilitarianism
The primary concern of this thesis is to investigate what light (if any) the theory of rational decision can throw on certain problems in first-order ethics. In particular, it examines whether given a correct theory of decision we can determine which of the two major rivals in the field of contemporary ethics, utilitarianism and contractarianism, is the more adequate moral theory. I begin by outlining what I call orthodox decision theory and note from this theory together with a minimal characterization of what it is to make a moral judgement we can deduce utilitarianism. The apparent conflict between utilitarianism and our moral intuitions is then examined. I criticize a common response made by utilitarians to this conflict, namely, their recourse to the distinction between rule and act utilitarianism. But I then ask the question of whether this conflict really matters? I conclude that in a sense it does not. I then turn from a consideration of the implications of utilitarianism to its foundations, particularly, its foundations in orthodox decision theory. I attempt to establish that orthodox theory has empirical content and that it has been falsified. I also consider the theory from the normative standpoint and construct a prima facie case against it. I now consider the dispute between the contractarian and the utilitarian and note that it is essentially decision theoretic in character. From a consideration of what was found to be mistaken about orthodox theory I now argue for a defence of the selection rule for rational choice presupposed by contractarianism and thereby offer a (partial) defence of a contractarian theory of justice.
1983-07
2018-07-02T14:53:52Z
2018-07-02T14:53:52Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14814
en
application/pdf
vi,270p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/109662019-04-01T13:07:42Zcom_10023_3885com_10023_3884col_10023_5615
Editorial (Vol 23, No 2)
Maxwell, Ian
BR1.S3T5
Theology--Study and teaching--Scotland
Theology, Doctrinal--Scotland
Publisher PDF
2016-12-01
2017-06-09T08:52:34Z
2017-06-09T08:52:34Z
Journal item
Maxwell, I. (2016). Editorial. Theology in Scotland, 23(2), 3-4.
1465-2862
https://ojs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.php/TIS/article/view/1499
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10966
en
Theology in Scotland
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
application/pdf
St Mary's College, University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/132402024-02-15T00:47:41Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Influence of galactic arm scale dynamics on the molecular composition of the cold and dense ISM : I. Observed abundance gradients in dense clouds
Ruaud, M.
Wakelam, V.
Gratier, P.
Bonnell, I. A.
European Research Council
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
Astrochemistry
Galaxy: evolution
ISM: clouds
ISM: evolution
ISM: kinematics and dynamics
ISM: molecules
QB Astronomy
QC Physics
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science
NDAS
QB
QC
This work has been founded by the European Research Council (Starting Grant 3DICE, grant agreement 336474). The authors are also grateful to the CNRS program "Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire" (PCMI) co-funded by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for partial funding of their work. IAB gratefully acknowledges support from the ECOGAL project, grant agreement 291227, funded by the European Research Council under ERC-2011-ADG.
Aim. We study the effect of large scale dynamics on the molecular composition of the dense interstellar medium during the transition between diffuse to dense clouds. Methods. We followed the formation of dense clouds (on sub-parsec scales) through the dynamics of the interstellar medium at galactic scales. We used results from smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations from which we extracted physical parameters that are used as inputs for our full gas-grain chemical model. In these simulations, the evolution of the interstellar matter is followed for ~50 Myr. The warm low-density interstellar medium gas flows into spiral arms where orbit crowding produces the shock formation of dense clouds, which are held together temporarily by the external pressure. Results. We show that depending on the physical history of each SPH particle, the molecular composition of the modeled dense clouds presents a high dispersion in the computed abundances even if the local physical properties are similar. We find that carbon chains are the most affected species and show that these differences are directly connected to differences in (1) the electronic fraction, (2) the C/O ratio, and (3) the local physical conditions. We argue that differences in the dynamical evolution of the gas that formed dense clouds could account for the molecular diversity observed between and within these clouds. Conclusions. This study shows the importance of past physical conditions in establishing the chemical composition of the dense medium.
Peer reviewed
2018
2018-04-26T15:30:05Z
2018-04-26T15:30:05Z
Journal article
252934659
c797ca59-8a1c-40d0-93b2-0162e1679013
85045430355
000429549800001
Ruaud , M , Wakelam , V , Gratier , P & Bonnell , I A 2018 , ' Influence of galactic arm scale dynamics on the molecular composition of the cold and dense ISM : I. Observed abundance gradients in dense clouds ' , Astronomy and Astrophysics , vol. 611 , A96 . https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731693
0004-6361
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/13240
10.1051/0004-6361/201731693
https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.06696
eng
Astronomy and Astrophysics
14
2347121
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/256102024-02-22T00:44:26Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Passive acoustic monitoring of animal populations with transfer learning
Dufourq, Emmanuel
Batist, Carly
Foquet, Ruben
Durbach, Ian
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
Bioacoustics
Convolutional neural networks
Deep learning
Transfer learning
Vocalisation classification
QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
QL Zoology
DAS
MCC
QA75
QL
Funding: ED is supported by a research chairship from the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences South Africa. This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada , www.idrc.ca, and with financial support from the Government of Canada, provided through Global Affairs Canada (GAC) , www.international.gc.ca . This work was supported by funding from Microsoft's AI for Earth program.
Progress in deep learning, more specifically in using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the creation of classification models, has been tremendous in recent years. Within bioacoustics research, there has been a large number of recent studies that use CNNs. Designing CNN architectures from scratch is non-trivial and requires knowledge of machine learning. Furthermore, hyper-parameter tuning associated with CNNs is extremely time consuming and requires expensive hardware. In this paper we assess whether it is possible to build good bioacoustic classifiers by adapting and re-using existing CNNs pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset – instead of designing them from scratch, a strategy known as transfer learning that has proved highly successful in other domains. This study is a first attempt to conduct a large-scale investigation on how transfer learning can be used for passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), to simplify the implementation of CNNs and the design decisions when creating them, and to remove time consuming hyper-parameter tuning phases. We compare 12 modern CNN architectures across 4 passive acoustic datasets that target calls of the Hainan gibbon Nomascus hainanus, the critically endangered black-and-white ruffed lemur Varecia variegata, the vulnerable Thyolo alethe Chamaetylas choloensis, and the Pin-tailed whydah Vidua macroura. We focus our work on data scarcity issues by training PAM binary classification models very small datasets, with as few as 25 verified examples. Our findings reveal that transfer learning can result in up to 82% F1 score while keeping CNN implementation details to a minimum, thus rendering this approach accessible, easier to design, and speeding up further vocalisation annotations to create PAM robust models.
Peer reviewed
2022-09-01
2022-07-05T16:30:02Z
2022-07-05T16:30:02Z
Journal article
280373446
de608ccc-0cf7-4c05-b9e1-bdcc468a0124
85132722649
000818633000006
Dufourq , E , Batist , C , Foquet , R & Durbach , I 2022 , ' Passive acoustic monitoring of animal populations with transfer learning ' , Ecological Informatics , vol. 70 , 101688 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101688
1574-9541
RIS: urn:BE3CFFE68466E56FF511EEE2E5939F9B
ORCID: /0000-0003-0769-2153/work/115631015
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/25610
10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101688
eng
Ecological Informatics
12
3451646
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/222342021-04-09T02:00:32Zcom_10023_385com_10023_381col_10023_19869
Function of SUMO-like proteases SENP1, SENP2 and NEDP1 in vivo
Mendoza, Heidi M.
Biology Theses
QP609.P78M4
Proteolytic enzymes
Ubiquitin
2005
2021-04-08T09:09:31Z
2021-04-08T09:09:31Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosopy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/22234
en
application/pdf
241 p : col. ill. 30 cm.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/48962019-07-01T10:04:00Zcom_10023_3885com_10023_3884col_10023_3886
Media discourse on jihadist terrorism in Europe
Reinke de Buitrago, Sybille
Media discourse
Jihadist terrorism
Westergaard
Yemen cargo plot
Stockholm attack
Motivations
Symbolic offences
Attack type
HV6431
Terrorism and mass media -- Europe
Jihad
Terrorism -- Europe
This article analyzes the manner in which European print media discuss jihadist terrorism in Europe. It presents key results from a qualitative analysis of media discourse following three selected attacks in seven European countries in 2010: the attack on the cartoonist Westergaard, the Yemen cargo plane plot, and the Stockholm suicide attack. The article finds that attack type is a factor shaping media discourse across different media in Europe. Considering that terrorists also aim to impact discourse for their own agenda, the article presents implications for policy reactions on the basis of attack type, and not as desired by terrorists.
Publisher PDF
2013-09-24
2014-06-19T12:37:55Z
2014-06-19T12:37:55Z
Journal article
Reinke de Buitrago, S. (2013). Media Discourse on Jihadist Terrorism in Europe. Journal Of Terrorism Research, 4(2), pp. 3-13.
2049-7040
http://ojs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.php/jtr/article/view/626
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4896
http://doi.org/10.15664/jtr.626
en
Journal of Terrorism Research
This is an open access article published in Journal of Terrorism Research. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
application/pdf
11
Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/73262023-04-18T10:00:55Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Peri-pubertal exposure to testicular hormones organizes response to novel environments and social behaviour in adult male rats
Brown, Gillian R.
Kulbarsh, Kyle D.
Spencer, Karen A.
Duval, Camille
The Wellcome Trust
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
Adolescence
Testosterone
Sex differences
Exploration
Sexual behavior
Castration
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
NDAS
BDC
RC0321
Funding was received from the Wellcome Trust ISSF (grant ID 097831/Z/11/Z) scheme, awarded to the University of St Andrews.
Previous research has shown that exposure to testicular hormones during the peri-pubertal period of life has long-term, organizational effects on adult sexual behaviour and underlying neural mechanisms in laboratory rodents. However, the organizational effects of peri-pubertal testicular hormones on other aspects of behaviour and brain function are less well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of manipulating peri-pubertal testicular hormone exposure on later behavioural responses to novel environments and on hormone receptors in various brain regions that are involved in response to novelty. Male rodents generally spend less time in the exposed areas of novel environments than females, and this sex difference emerges during the peri-pubertal period. Male Lister-hooded rats (Rattus norvegicus) were castrated either before puberty or after puberty, then tested in three novel environments (elevated plus-maze, light–dark box, open field) and in an object/social novelty task in adulthood. Androgen receptor (AR), oestrogen receptor (ER1) and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRF-R2) mRNA expression were quantified in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and medial amygdala. The results showed that pre-pubertally castrated males spent more time in the exposed areas of the elevated-plus maze and light–dark box than post-pubertally castrated males, and also confirmed that peri-pubertal hormone exposure influences later response to an opposite-sex conspecific. Hormone receptor gene expression levels did not differ between pre-pubertally and post-pubertally castrated males in any of the brain regions examined. This study therefore demonstrates that testicular hormone exposure during the peri-pubertal period masculinizes later response to novel environments, although the neural mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2015-07
2015-08-25T14:40:01Z
2015-08-25T14:40:01Z
Journal article
Brown , G R , Kulbarsh , K D , Spencer , K A & Duval , C 2015 , ' Peri-pubertal exposure to testicular hormones organizes response to novel environments and social behaviour in adult male rats ' , Hormones and Behavior , vol. 73 , pp. 135–141 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.07.003
0018-506X
PURE: 199783314
PURE UUID: b19a8cdd-3136-42c5-ae12-c3b3d0692d0a
Scopus: 84937912725
ORCID: /0000-0002-0675-0780/work/60195746
WOS: 000360251800017
ORCID: /0000-0002-2851-9379/work/78204984
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7326
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.07.003
097831/z/11/z
eng
Hormones and Behavior
Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
7
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/48752023-04-25T23:38:50Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Improving skills and care standards in the support workforce for older people : a realist review
Rycroft-Malone, Jo
Burton, Chris
Hall, Beth
McCormack, Brendan
Nutley, Sandra Margaret
Seddon, Diane
Willians, Lynn
University of St Andrews. School of Management
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
RA0421
This work is supported by the National Institute Health Research (NIHR) Grant no. 12/129/32. This project is commissioned by the NIHR Health Services and Delivery Research Programme.
Introduction: In the context of a population that is growing older, and a number of high-profile scandals about care standards in hospital and community settings, having a skilled and knowledgeable workforce caring for older people is an ethical and policy imperative. Support workers make up the majority of the workforce in health and social care services for older people (aged 65 years and over), and yet little is known about the best way to facilitate their development. Given this gap, this review will draw on evidence to address the question: how can workforce development interventions improve the skills and the care standards of support workers within older people’s health and social care services? Methods and analysis: As we are interested in how and why workforce development interventions might work, in what circumstances and with whom, we will conduct a realist review, sourcing evidence from health, social care, policing and education. The review will be conducted in four steps over 18 months to (1) construct a theoretical framework, that is, the review’s programme theories; (2) retrieve, review and synthesise evidence relating to interventions designed to develop the support workforce guided by the programme theories; (3) ‘test out’ our synthesis findings and refine the programme theories, establish their practical relevance/potential for implementation and (4) formulate recommendations about improvements to current workforce development interventions to contribute to the improvement of care standards in older people’s health and social care services, potentially transferable to other services. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is required to undertake this review. Knowledge exchange activities through stakeholder engagement and online postings are embedded throughout the lifetime of project. The main output from this review will be a theory driven framework for skill development for the support workforce in health and social care for older people. Trial registration number: CRD42013006283.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2014-05-30
2014-06-12T11:01:02Z
2014-06-12T11:01:02Z
Journal article
Rycroft-Malone , J , Burton , C , Hall , B , McCormack , B , Nutley , S M , Seddon , D & Willians , L 2014 , ' Improving skills and care standards in the support workforce for older people : a realist review ' , BMJ Open , vol. 4 , no. 5 , e005356 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005356
2044-6055
PURE: 127007389
PURE UUID: 10816454-c3cd-4365-b080-f61517876590
Scopus: 84901948163
WOS: 000336976900076
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4875
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005356
http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/5/e005356.full.pdf+html
eng
BMJ Open
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
7
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/53242023-04-26T00:23:34Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Combined information from Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography for enhanced diagnostic accuracy in tissue discrimination
Ashok, P.C.
Praveen, B.B.
Bellini, N.
Riches, A.
Dholakia, K.
Herrington, C.S.
Mahadevan-Jansen, Anita
Petrich, Wolfgang
European Commission
European Commission
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
QC Physics
R Medicine (General)
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
QC
R1
We thank the UK EPSRC for funding, the CR-UK/EPSRC/MRC/DoH (England) imaging programme, the European Union project FAMOS (FP7 ICT, contract no. 317744) and the European Union project IIIOS (FP7/2007-2013, contract no. 238802). We thank Tayside Tissue Bank for providing us with the tissue samples under request number TR000289. K.D. is a Royal Society-Wolfson Merit Award Holder.
Optical spectroscopy and imaging methods have proved to have potential to discriminate between normal and abnormal tissue types through minimally invasive procedures. Raman spectroscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) provides chemical and morphological information of tissues respectively, which are complementary to each other. When used individually they might not be able to obtain high enough sensitivity and specificity that is clinically relevant. In this study we combined Raman spectroscopy information with information obtained from OCT to enhance the sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between Colonic Adenocarcinoma from Normal Colon. OCT being an imaging technique, the information from this technique is conventionally analyzed qualitatively. To combine with Raman spectroscopy information, it was essential to quantify the morphological information obtained from OCT. Texture analysis was used to extract information from OCT images, which in-turn was combined with the information obtained from Raman spectroscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of the classifier was estimated using leave one out cross validation (LOOCV) method where support vector machine (SVM) was used for binary classification of the tissues. The sensitivity obtained using Raman spectroscopy and OCT individually was 89% and 78% respectively and the specificity was 77% and 74% respectively. Combining the information derived using the two techniques increased both sensitivity and specificity to 94% demonstrating that combining complementary optical information enhances diagnostic accuracy. These results demonstrate that a multimodal approach using Raman-OCT would be able to enhance the diagnostic accuracy for identifying normal and cancerous tissue types.
Publisher PDF
2014-03-04
2014-09-02T11:31:03Z
2014-09-02T11:31:03Z
Conference item
Ashok , P C , Praveen , B B , Bellini , N , Riches , A , Dholakia , K & Herrington , C S 2014 , Combined information from Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography for enhanced diagnostic accuracy in tissue discrimination . in A Mahadevan-Jansen & W Petrich (eds) , Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy VI : Advances in Research and Industry . vol. 8939 , Proceedings of SPIE , vol. 8839 , SPIE . https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2039855
9780819498526
1605-7422
PURE: 145284817
PURE UUID: bb6515fa-a7cd-4119-be60-2a609f69d947
Scopus: 84897389974
WOS: 000334098200012
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5324
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2039855
238802
317744
eng
Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy VI
Proceedings of SPIE
Copyright 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited.
7
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SPIE
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/69552023-04-18T09:52:17Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
African elephants (Loxodonta africana) recognize visual attention from face and body orientation
Smet, Anna F.
Byrne, Richard William
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
Perspective taking
Communication
Audience effect
Theory of mind
BF Psychology
QH301 Biology
BDC
BF
QH301
This work was funded by the School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews.
How do animals determine when others are able and disposed to receive their communicative signals? In particular, it is futile to make a silent gesture when the intended audience cannot see it. Some non-human primates use the head and body orientation of their audience to infer visual attentiveness when signalling, but whether species relying less on visual information use such cues when producing visual signals is unknown. Here, we test whether African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are sensitive to the visual perspective of a human experimenter. We examined whether the frequency of gestures of head and trunk, produced to request food, was influenced by indications of an experimenter's visual attention. Elephants signalled significantly more towards the experimenter when her face was oriented towards them, except when her body faced away from them. These results suggest that elephants understand the importance of visual attention for effective communication.
Postprint
Peer reviewed
2014-07
2015-07-09T23:10:50Z
2015-07-09T23:10:50Z
2015-07-10
Journal article
Smet , A F & Byrne , R W 2014 , ' African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ) recognize visual attention from face and body orientation ' , Biology Letters , vol. 10 , no. 7 , 20140428 . https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0428
1744-9561
PURE: 130501633
PURE UUID: 69d84622-f368-49a6-a039-0f1eeee2ebdb
Scopus: 84906071052
ORCID: /0000-0001-9862-9373/work/60630569
WOS: 000339170900012
PubMed: 25013015
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6955
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0428
eng
Biology Letters
© 2014 Royal Society. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published in the Biology Letters on 10 July 2014, available online: http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/7/20140428
4
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/224272021-04-09T02:00:36Zcom_10023_385com_10023_381col_10023_19869
Regulation of haemopoetic stem cell proliferation by stimulatory factors produced by fetal liver
Aberdein, Andrew
Biology Theses
QP92.L5D2
1984
2021-04-08T09:13:13Z
2021-04-08T09:13:13Z
Thesis
Doctoral
MSc Master of Science
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/22427
en
application/pdf
173p : photos.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/293502024-03-03T12:30:24Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Abundance estimate of Eastern Caribbean sperm whales using large scale regional surveys
Vachon, Felicia
Rendell, Luke
Gero, Shane
Whitehead, Hal
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Bioacoustics group
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
NDAS
This research was funded by the National Geographic Society (NGS-62320R-19-2), the Agoa Sanctuary, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Animal Behavior Society and approved by the Dalhousie University Committee on Laboratory Animals.
Peer reviewed
2024-02-14
2024-02-26T12:30:08Z
2024-02-26T12:30:08Z
Journal article
299563813
1f271d86-03e4-44be-b467-c89c5078d976
Vachon , F , Rendell , L , Gero , S & Whitehead , H 2024 , ' Abundance estimate of Eastern Caribbean sperm whales using large scale regional surveys ' , Marine Mammal Science , vol. Early View , e13116 . https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13116
0824-0469
RIS: urn:3546719DD0485CC3545F40120F43A6B1
ORCID: /0000-0002-1121-9142/work/154532103
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29350
10.1111/mms.13116
eng
Marine Mammal Science
10
727196
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/215562023-04-26T00:22:23Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
HBSC 2014 Survey in Scotland National Report
Currie, Candace
van der Sluijs, Winfried
Whitehead, Ross David
Currie, Dorothy Bruce
Rhodes, Gill
Neville, Fergus Gilmour
Inchley, Jo
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. WHO Collaborating Centre for International Child & Adolescent Health Policy
University of St Andrews. Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit
University of St Andrews. Public Health Group
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
RJ Pediatrics
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
RA0421
RJ
Publisher PDF
2015-10
2021-03-04T16:30:01Z
2021-03-04T16:30:01Z
Report
Currie , C , van der Sluijs , W , Whitehead , R D , Currie , D B , Rhodes , G , Neville , F G & Inchley , J 2015 , HBSC 2014 Survey in Scotland National Report . Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit (CAHRU) , University of St Andrews .
PURE: 217318337
PURE UUID: 6f3ee572-a39a-4570-84a4-b3ff38e8939d
ORCID: /0000-0001-7377-4507/work/57568356
ORCID: /0000-0001-7321-9394/work/60196021
ORCID: /0000-0001-8322-8817/work/65014212
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21556
eng
Copyright © 2015 the Author(s). This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the final published version of the work.
109
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Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit (CAHRU)
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/42502024-02-15T00:40:41Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Is bacterial persistence a social trait?
Gardner, Andy
West, Stuart A.
Griffin, Ashleigh S.
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
Bacterial evolution
Kin selection
Bacterial persistence
All three authors are supported by Royal Society fellowships.
The ability of bacteria to evolve resistance to antibiotics has been much reported in recent years. It is less well-known that within populations of bacteria there are cells which are resistant due to a non-inherited phenotypic switch to a slow-growing state. Although such 'persister' cells are receiving increasing attention, the evolutionary forces involved have been relatively ignored. Persistence has a direct benefit to cells because it allows survival during catastrophes-a form of bet-hedging. However, persistence can also provide an indirect benefit to other individuals, because the reduced growth rate can reduce competition for limiting resources. This raises the possibility that persistence is a social trait, which can be influenced by kin selection. We develop a theoretical model to investigate the social consequences of persistence. We predict that selection for persistence is increased when: (a) cells are related (e. g. a single, clonal lineage); and (b) resources are scarce. Our model allows us to predict how the level of persistence should vary with time, across populations, in response to intervention strategies and the level of competition. More generally, our results clarify the links between persistence and other bet-hedging or social behaviours.
Peer reviewed
2007-08
2013-12-04T10:01:10Z
2013-12-04T10:01:10Z
Journal article
64169734
873f885f-5606-426b-9c08-53105c3d2d71
000207455200028
37149051107
Gardner , A , West , S A & Griffin , A S 2007 , ' Is bacterial persistence a social trait? ' , PLoS One , vol. 2 , no. 8 , e752 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000752
1932-6203
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/4250
10.1371/journal.pone.0000752
eng
PLoS One
7
365005
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/231972024-03-03T00:45:13Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Primary trabeculectomy for advanced glaucoma : pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial (TAGS)
TAGS Study Group
King, Anthony J
Hudson, Jemma
Fernie, Gordon
Kernohan, Ashleigh
Azuara-Blanco, Augusto
Burr, Jennifer
Homer, Tara
Shabaninejad, Hosein
Sparrow, John M
Garway-Heath, David
Barton, Keith
Norrie, John
McDonald, Alison
Vale, Luke
MacLennan, Graeme
Kousha, Obaid
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division
RD Surgery
RE Ophthalmology
3rd-DAS
RD
RE
Funding: The project was funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme (project number 12/35/38). The Health Services Research Unit is funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates.
Objective : To determine whether primary trabeculectomy or primary medical treatment produces better outcomes in term of quality of life, clinical effectiveness, and safety in patients presenting with advanced glaucoma. Design : Pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial. Setting : 27 secondary care glaucoma departments in the UK. Participants : 453 adults presenting with newly diagnosed advanced open angle glaucoma in at least one eye (Hodapp classification) between 3 June 2014 and 31 May 2017. Interventions : Mitomycin C augmented trabeculectomy (n=227) and escalating medical management with intraocular pressure reducing drops (n=226). Main outcome measures : Primary outcome: vision specific quality of life measured with Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25) at 24 months. Secondary outcomes: general health status, glaucoma related quality of life, clinical effectiveness (intraocular pressure, visual field, visual acuity), and safety. Results : At 24 months, the mean VFQ-25 scores in the trabeculectomy and medical arms were 85.4 (SD 13.8) and 84.5 (16.3), respectively (mean difference 1.06, 95% confidence interval −1.32 to 3.43; P=0.38). Mean intraocular pressure was 12.4 (SD 4.7) mm Hg for trabeculectomy and 15.1 (4.8) mm Hg for medical management (mean difference −2.8 (−3.8 to −1.7) mm Hg; P<0.001). Adverse events occurred in 88 (39%) patients in the trabeculectomy arm and 100 (44%) in the medical management arm (relative risk 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 1.17; P=0.37). Serious side effects were rare. Conclusion : Primary trabeculectomy had similar quality of life and safety outcomes and achieved a lower intraocular pressure compared with primary medication.
Peer reviewed
2021-05-12
2021-05-17T09:30:02Z
2021-05-17T09:30:02Z
Journal article
274210727
9ffa393d-9cc6-4f69-80a2-1e8a134a058a
85105840740
000651243600001
TAGS Study Group , King , A J , Hudson , J , Fernie , G , Kernohan , A , Azuara-Blanco , A , Burr , J , Homer , T , Shabaninejad , H , Sparrow , J M , Garway-Heath , D , Barton , K , Norrie , J , McDonald , A , Vale , L , MacLennan , G & Kousha , O 2021 , ' Primary trabeculectomy for advanced glaucoma : pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial (TAGS) ' , BMJ , vol. 373 , n1014 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1014
0959-8138
Jisc: dd774d0b02534df98e0eabb5d243d03c
publisher-id: kina063068
ORCID: /0000-0002-9478-738X/work/93894252
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/23197
10.1136/bmj.n1014
eng
BMJ
11
548700
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/134332019-04-01T09:02:34Zcom_10023_102com_10023_29col_10023_104
Barrès the novelist
Halsall, Albert W.
Ouston, P.A.
PQ2603.A52H2
Barrès, Maurice, 1862-1923--Criticism and interpretation.
1976
2018-05-22T08:04:41Z
2018-05-22T08:04:41Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13433
en
application/pdf
iii, 518 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/231122022-12-20T11:30:19Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Review of automatic microexpression recognition in the past decade
Zhang, Liangfei
Arandjelović, Ognjen
University of St Andrews. School of Computer Science
Affective computing
Microexpression recognition
Emotion recognition
Microexpression database
Video feature extraction
Deep learning
BF Psychology
QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
BF
QA75
RC0321
L.Z. is funded by the China Scholarship Council—University of St Andrews Scholarships (No.201908060250).
Facial expressions provide important information concerning one’s emotional state. Unlike regular facial expressions, microexpressions are particular kinds of small quick facial movements, which generally last only 0.05 to 0.2 s. They reflect individuals’ subjective emotions and real psychological states more accurately than regular expressions which can be acted. However, the small range and short duration of facial movements when microexpressions happen make them challenging to recognize both by humans and machines alike. In the past decade, automatic microexpression recognition has attracted the attention of researchers in psychology, computer science, and security, amongst others. In addition, a number of specialized microexpression databases have been collected and made publicly available. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art automatic facial microexpression recognition work. To be specific, the features and learning methods used in automatic microexpression recognition, the existing microexpression data sets, the major outstanding challenges, and possible future development directions are all discussed.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2021-05-02
2021-05-04T15:30:08Z
2021-05-04T15:30:08Z
Journal item
Zhang , L & Arandjelović , O 2021 , ' Review of automatic microexpression recognition in the past decade ' , Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction , vol. 3 , no. 2 , pp. 414-434 . https://doi.org/10.3390/make3020021
2504-4990
PURE: 274063249
PURE UUID: cb4eca70-7329-4344-a638-2e356c1186fe
Jisc: 8c4ba34675244311859324bb8baeb037
WOS: 000646865400001
Scopus: 85114345630
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23112
https://doi.org/10.3390/make3020021
eng
Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction
Copyright © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
21
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/169402022-04-14T11:38:21Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Formation of metallacarboxylic acids through Hieber base reaction. A density functional theory study
Ahmad, Shahbaz
Berry, Elizabeth
Boyle, Conor
Hudson, Christopher
Ireland, Oliver W.
Thompson, Emily A.
Buehl, Michael
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Homogeneous catalysis
Water gas shift reaction
Hieber base reaction
Density functional theory
QD Chemistry
NDAS
QD
We thank EaStCHEM and the School of Chemistry for support.
Using density functional theory (B97-D/ECP2/PCM//RI-BP86/ECP1 level), we have studied the effects of ligand variation on OH− uptake by transition-metal carbonyls (Hieber base reaction), i.e., LnM(CO) + OH− → [LnM(CO2H)]−, M = Fe, Ru, Os, L = CO, PMe3, PF3, py, bipy, Cl, H. The viability of this step depends notably on the nature of the co-ligands, and a large span of driving forces is predicted, ranging from ΔG = −144 kJ/mol to +122 kJ/mol. Based on evaluation of atomic charges from natural population analysis, it is the ability of the co-ligands to delocalize the additional negative charge (through their π-acidity) that is the key factor affecting the driving force for OH− uptake. Implications for the design of new catalysts for water gas shift reaction are discussed.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2019-02
2019-01-28T11:30:08Z
2019-01-28T11:30:08Z
2019-01-25
Journal article
Ahmad , S , Berry , E , Boyle , C , Hudson , C , Ireland , O W , Thompson , E A & Buehl , M 2019 , ' Formation of metallacarboxylic acids through Hieber base reaction. A density functional theory study ' , Journal of Molecular Modeling , vol. 25 , 45 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-018-3915-1
1610-2940
PURE: 256992172
PURE UUID: 375c7a5a-0def-46c3-b161-9e8a959c00ca
ORCID: /0000-0002-1095-7143/work/53548918
Scopus: 85060544253
WOS: 000456664900002
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16940
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-018-3915-1
eng
Journal of Molecular Modeling
Copyright © The Author(s) 2019. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
8
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/95782023-04-25T23:46:04Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Human IFIT1 inhibits mRNA translation of rubulaviruses but not other members of the Paramyxoviridae family
Young, D. F.
Andrejeva, J.
Li, X
Inesta-Vaquera, F.
Dong, C.
Cowling, V. H.
Goodbourn, S.
Randall, R. E.
The Wellcome Trust
Medical Research Council
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
QR355 Virology
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
QR355
This work was supported by The Welcome Trust (101788/Z/13/Z, 101792/Z/13/Z) and Medical research council grant (G1100110/1, MR/K024213/1).
We have previously shown that IFIT1 is primarily responsible for the antiviral action of interferon (IFN) alpha/beta against parainfluenza virus (PIV) type 5, selectively inhibiting the translation of PIV5 mRNAs. Here we report that whilst PIV2, PIV5 and mumps virus (MuV) are sensitive to IFIT1, non-rubulavirus members of the paramyxoviridae such as PIV3, Sendai virus (SeV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) are resistant. The IFIT1-sensitivity of PIV5 was not rescued by co-infection with an IFIT1-resistant virus (PIV3), demonstrating that PIV3 does not specifically inhibit the antiviral activity of IFIT1 and that the inhibition of PIV5 mRNAs is regulated by cis-acting elements. We developed an in vitro translation system using purified human IFIT1 to further investigate the mechanism of action of IFIT1. Whilst the translation of PIV2, PIV5 and MuV mRNAs were directly inhibited by IFIT1, the translation of PIV3, SeV and CDV mRNAs were not. Using purified human mRNA capping enzymes we show biochemically that efficient inhibition by IFIT1 is dependent upon a 5’ guanosine nucleoside cap (which need not be N7-methylated) and that this sensitivity is partly abrogated by 2’ O methylation of the cap 1 ribose. Intriguingly, PIV5 M mRNA, in contrast to NP mRNA, remained sensitive to inhibition by IFIT1 following in vitro 2’ O methylation, suggesting that other structural features of mRNAs may influence their sensitivity to IFIT1. Thus, surprisingly, the viral polymerases (which have 2’ -O-methyltransferase activity) of rubulaviruses do not protect these viruses from inhibition by IFIT1. Possible biological consequences of this are discussed. Importance Paramyxoviruses cause a wide variety of diseases and yet most of their genes encode for structural proteins and proteins involved in their replication cycle. Thus the amount of genetic information that determines the type of disease paramyxoviruses cause is relatively small. One factor that will influence disease outcomes is how they interact with innate host cell defences, including the interferon (IFN) system. Here we show that different paramyxoviruses interact in distinct ways with cells in a pre-existing IFN-induced antiviral state. Strikingly, all the rubulaviruses tested were sensitive to the antiviral action of ISG56/IFIT1, whilst all the other paramyxoviruses tested were resistant. We developed novel in vitro biochemical assays to investigate the mechanism of action of IFIT1, demonstrating that the mRNAs of rubulaviruses can be directly inhibited by IFIT1 and that this is at least partially because their mRNAs are not correctly methylated.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2016-10
2016-09-29T16:30:11Z
2016-09-29T16:30:11Z
Journal article
Young , D F , Andrejeva , J , Li , X , Inesta-Vaquera , F , Dong , C , Cowling , V H , Goodbourn , S & Randall , R E 2016 , ' Human IFIT1 inhibits mRNA translation of rubulaviruses but not other members of the Paramyxoviridae family ' , Journal of Virology , vol. 90 , no. 20 , pp. 9446-9456 . https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01056-16
0022-538X
PURE: 245028933
PURE UUID: 8314cf64-0be6-48c6-a8bd-f28ef9e80b9a
Bibtex: urn:15c0f55e58b71ef093b1def0f79e76a9
Scopus: 84990026732
ORCID: /0000-0002-9304-6678/work/60426991
WOS: 000384574900047
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9578
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01056-16
101788/Z/13/Z
G1100110
eng
Journal of Virology
Copyright © 2016 Young et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/78552019-07-01T10:15:14Zcom_10023_86com_10023_26col_10023_88
Hannah Arendt and the political : the contemporary challenges posed by sovereignty, nationalism and imperialism
Nicholas, Donna
Hayden, Patrick
Arendt
The political
Sovereignty
Nationalism
Imperialism
'The origins of totalitarianism'
JC251.A7N5
Arendt, Hannah, 1906-1975--Political and social views
Arendt, Hannah, 1906-1975. Origins of totalitarianism
Sovereignty
Nationalism
Imperialism
This thesis seeks to show how the reassessment of Arendt’s thought for contemporary international political theory must be grounded in her first major published work, The Origins of Totalitarianism, and, more specifically, in the concept of the political she outlines therein. The thesis begins by examining how Arendt interprets the political sui generis. It shows how this concept, which influences much of her scholarship from the 1950s onwards and serves as a critical measure against which she assesses modern-day events, is disclosed for the first time in Part II of Origins through her engagement with particular topics and phenomena related to European colonial imperialism. Using this somewhat neglected text as a point of departure, the main body of the thesis examines Arendt’s thoughts on three ‘anti-political’ impulses of the contemporary world that have clear international ramifications: sovereignty, nationalism and imperialism. The work is divided into three corresponding sections. Each contains a chapter providing an interpretive study of Arendt’s text on the subject, followed by a chapter applying the key themes, insights and dangers previously highlighted to some of the most intractable global situations today such as the international human rights regime, atomic weaponry and war, biopolitical control, genocide studies and neoliberal globalisation. In so doing, the thesis does not aim to ‘find’ in Arendt’s work determinate answers to the crises of our time, but rather to use her perceptions as critical inspiration to think about them differently.
2015-11-30
2015-11-26T12:41:01Z
2015-11-26T12:41:01Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
uk.bl.ethos.675214
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7855
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
235
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/284812024-03-23T00:45:45Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Thinner bodies are preferred in China compared to Britain but are not seen as healthier
Lei, Xue
Perrett, David Ian
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
Attractiveness
Health
Adaptation
China
Britain
BMI
BF Psychology
DAS
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
BF
Differences in preferences for body size between cultures are well documented. A well known explanation is that differences are a result of psychological adaptation to local environments. Since the optimal body size (often measured as Body Mass Index/BMI, weight divided by squared height kg/m2) for health differs between areas, the attractiveness and health judgements should also be different. Until now, no study has directly tested whether the difference in attractiveness perception is accompanied by a difference in health perception. In the current study, we compared the attractiveness and health judgements of male and female bodies varying in BMI and muscularity between British and Chinese participants. Since the health risks are greater for Chinese than British individuals with increasing BMI, one may expect Chinese participants to perceive a lower BMI as more attractive and healthier than British participants. Analyses showed that, although the Chinese participants preferred thinner partners compared to their British counterparts, there was no difference in the health judgements made by Chinese and British participants. Moreover, the male and female bodies that were seen as most attractive were thinner than those perceived as most healthy by Chinese participants. These findings challenge the adaptation account that people adjust their mate preferences to match what is most healthy in local environments.
Peer reviewed
2022-10-01
2023-09-30T23:36:43Z
2023-09-30T23:36:43Z
2023-10-01
Journal article
281421181
224a0537-d402-451d-8cc1-7b7a5b10abc4
000862523100002
85139196647
Lei , X & Perrett , D I 2022 , ' Thinner bodies are preferred in China compared to Britain but are not seen as healthier ' , Current Psychology , vol. First Online . https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03803-7
1046-1310
ORCID: /0000-0002-6025-0939/work/120434369
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/28481
10.1007/s12144-022-03803-7
eng
Current Psychology
572157
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/102322022-04-11T15:30:14Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Going off grid : computationally efficient inference for log-Gaussian Cox processes
Simpson, Daniel
Illian, Janine Baerbel
Lindgren, Finn
Sørbye , Sigrunn H.
Rue, Haavard
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
Approximation of Gaussian random fields
Gaussian Markov random field
Integrated nested Laplace approximation
Spatial point process
Stochastic partial differential equation
GC Oceanography
QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
3rd-NDAS
BDC
R2C
GC
QA75
This paper introduces a new method for performing computational inference on log-Gaussian Cox processes. The likelihood is approximated directly by making use of a continuously specified Gaussian random field. We show that for sufficiently smooth Gaussian random field prior distributions, the approximation can converge with arbitrarily high order, whereas an approximation based on a counting process on a partition of the domain achieves only first-order convergence. The results improve upon the general theory of convergence for stochastic partial differential equation models introduced by Lindgren et al. (2011). The new method is demonstrated on a standard point pattern dataset, and two interesting extensions to the classical log-Gaussian Cox process framework are discussed. The first extension considers variable sampling effort throughout the observation window and implements the method of Chakraborty et al. (2011). The second extension constructs a log-Gaussian Cox process on the world's oceans. The analysis is performed using integrated nested Laplace approximation for fast approximate inference.
Postprint
Peer reviewed
2016-03
2017-02-06T00:31:48Z
2017-02-06T00:31:48Z
2017-02-05
Journal article
Simpson , D , Illian , J B , Lindgren , F , Sørbye , S H & Rue , H 2016 , ' Going off grid : computationally efficient inference for log-Gaussian Cox processes ' , Biometrika , vol. 103 , no. 1 , pp. 49-70 . https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asv064
0006-3444
PURE: 9507074
PURE UUID: 29ebc41d-4a3e-486a-a869-dc3a03a6ad5e
Scopus: 84960106685
WOS: 000371685300004
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10232
https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asv064
http://www.math.ntnu.no/~daniesi/S10-2011.pdf
eng
Biometrika
© 2016 Biometrika Trust. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asv064
22
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/213112023-04-19T00:23:41Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
The use of individual, social, and animated cue information by capuchin monkeys and children in a touchscreen task
Renner, Elizabeth
Kean, Donna
Atkinson, Mark
Caldwell, Christine A.
University of St Andrews. Organic Semiconductor Centre
University of St Andrews. School of Management
BF Psychology
DAS
BF
The distinctiveness of human cumulative culture raises the question of whether humans respond differently to information originating from social sources, compared with information from other sources. Further, does any such differential responding set humans apart from other species? We studied how capuchin monkeys and 2- to 5-year-old children used information originating from their own actions, those of a human demonstrator, or an animated cue. This information, presented via a touchscreen, always revealed in the first trial (T1) the reward value (rewarded or unrewarded) of one stimulus from a 2- or 3-item array, and could be used in a follow-up trial (T2) involving the same stimulus array. Two monkeys achieved a level of proficiency indicating their appreciation of the T1–T2 relationship, i.e., reliably repeating rewarded (“win”) selections and actively avoiding repetition of unrewarded (“lose”) selections well above chance levels. Neither the two task-proficient monkeys nor the children showed overall performance differences between the three source conditions. Non-task-proficient monkeys, by contrast, did show effects of source, performing best with individually-acquired information. The overall pattern of results hints at an alternative perspective on evidence typically interpreted as showing a human advantage for social information use.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2021-01-13
2021-01-25T11:30:12Z
2021-01-25T11:30:12Z
Journal article
Renner , E , Kean , D , Atkinson , M & Caldwell , C A 2021 , ' The use of individual, social, and animated cue information by capuchin monkeys and children in a touchscreen task ' , Scientific Reports , vol. 11 , 1043 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80221-4
2045-2322
PURE: 272473762
PURE UUID: dde887b6-5fbc-4104-9ed0-f276cdf399ce
Jisc: b5fe80a0952a497b8aba6e4f542902ac
publisher-id: s41598-020-80221-4
manuscript: 80221
Scopus: 85099379251
WOS: 000621765800051
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21311
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80221-4
eng
Scientific Reports
Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
11
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/108992023-04-25T23:48:55Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Evaluating detectability of freshwater fish assemblages in tropical streams : is hand-seining sufficient?
Deacon, A.
Mahabir, Rajindra
Inderlall, Devan
Ramnarine, Indar W.
Magurran, Anne E.
The Royal Society
European Research Council
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
University of St Andrews. Fish Behaviour and Biodiversity Research Group
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
Trinidad
Electrofishing
Alpha diversity
Detectability
Species richness
Sampling methods
Gear bias
QH301 Biology
SH Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling
NDAS
SDG 15 - Life on Land
QH301
SH
This work was funded by a European Research Council grant (BIOTIME 250189). AEM also acknowledges the Royal Society.
Unprecedented threats to natural ecosystems mean that accurate quantification of biodiversity is a priority, particularly in the tropics which are underrepresented in monitoring schemes. Data from a freshwater fish assemblage in Trinidad were used to evaluate the effectiveness of hand-seining as a survey method in tropical streams. We uncovered large differences in species detectability when hand-seining was used alone, in comparison with when hand-seining and electrofishing were used together. The addition of electrofishing increased the number of individuals caught threefold, and increased the biomass fivefold. Some species were never detected using hand-seining, resulting in significant underestimates of species richness; rarefaction curves suggest that even when hand-seining effort increases, species richness is still underestimated. Diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson index) reveal that diversity was also significantly lower for hand-seined samples. Furthermore, the results of multivariate analyses investigating assemblage structure also differed significantly depending on whether they were based on hand-seined data alone, or a combination of hand-seining and electrofishing. Despite the extra equipment and maintenance required, these findings underline the value of including electrofishing when sampling tropical freshwater streams.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2017-07
2017-06-02T09:30:12Z
2017-06-02T09:30:12Z
Journal article
Deacon , A , Mahabir , R , Inderlall , D , Ramnarine , I W & Magurran , A E 2017 , ' Evaluating detectability of freshwater fish assemblages in tropical streams : is hand-seining sufficient? ' , Environmental Biology of Fishes , vol. 100 , no. 7 , pp. 839-849 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0610-5
0378-1909
PURE: 249965342
PURE UUID: cac7284b-d2fd-4e92-83ff-f83c807c23a4
Scopus: 85020106766
ORCID: /0000-0002-0036-2795/work/43550233
WOS: 000403579400008
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10899
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0610-5
WM110141
250189
eng
Environmental Biology of Fishes
© The Author(s) 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
11
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/129272019-03-29T11:18:56Zcom_10023_51com_10023_18col_10023_53
Magnetic ordering in systems of reduced dimensionality
Purdie, Stuart
Thin films--Magnetic properties.
Mean field theory.
Monte Carlo method.
The magnetic behaviour of thin films of (111) FCC structures and (0001) corundum structured materials were studied by the mean field analysis and some Monte Carlo simulation. These models were conditioned on a mapping from first principles calculations to the Ising model. The effect of the suggested octopolar reconstruction for the polar (111) surfaces of FCC was also examined.
2005
2018-03-13T10:54:33Z
2018-03-13T10:54:33Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12927
en
application/pdf
177 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/18942019-04-01T08:18:00Zcom_10023_86com_10023_26col_10023_88
Neo-liberalism, socialism and governmentality : has socialism yet developed an autonomous governmentality?
McDonald, William Samuel
Hayden, Patrick
Neo-Marxism
Neo-liberalism
Governmentality
Foucault
Biopolitics
Hardt and Negri
HX73.M37
Socialism--Philosophy
Political science
Foucault, Michel--Contributions in political science
Negri, Antonio, 1933-
Hardt, Michael, 1960-
Recent years have seen an increasing interest in the writing of Michel Foucault within political theory. This paper will examine two series of lectures Foucault presented at the Collège de France in which he discussed in detail a cluster of subjects with clear political connotations. Within the 1978 and 1979 series Foucault outlined the concept of governmentality, which he divided into two subcategories: the police-state and liberalism. He also considered socialism’s relationship to governmentality. In this instance, however, he argued that socialism had yet to produce an autonomous governmentality: meaning that it
could not exist as an autonomous political entity, only serving as an appendage to liberal or authoritarian regimes.
The fundamental interest of this discussion is to determine if socialist thought has advanced since Foucault offered his assessment. It is beyond the scope of this paper to survey the entire span of socialist literature produced since the 1970s; rather this paper will focus on the work of Antonio Negri and Micheal Hardt, who represent a particularly important strand in
contemporary socialist thought.
The conclusion drawn is that they have not proposed such a governmentality. In fact it is possible that a political system may appear to exhibit features of multitude but, at the same time, may adopt neo-liberal practices. Hence, multitude cannot
entirely displace neo-liberalism.
However, that is not to say the concept of multitude is without merit. For instance, it offers a method of establishing novel identities and communities, thereby protecting the diversity of cultures across the world. For those reasons multitude constitutes a qualitative step forward in an increasingly globalised political economy.
2011-06-21
2011-06-23T08:50:13Z
2011-06-23T08:50:13Z
Thesis
Doctoral
MPhil Master of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1894
en
application/pdf
97
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/17972024-02-25T00:46:28Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
ACT : a tool for performance driven evolution of distributed applications
Sage, Aled
Kirby, Graham Njal Cameron
Morrison, Ronald
University of St Andrews. School of Computer Science
QA76 Computer software
QA76
Also funded by the EPSRC CASE studentship 99802449
There are two main stages to evolving distributed applications in the manner desired by application builders: first deciding which changes are required and when, and second making the changes. Understanding the performance characteristics of distributed applications is essential for the first stage, while structural reflection over the source code may be used to achieve the latter. Here we present an automated configuring tool, ACT, that may be used to explore the need for change by empirically measuring application performance. We aim to use the data generated by ACT as input to the evolution process, informing the system how to evolve to new and improved architectural configurations. ACT is designed to be generic in that it may aid performance-driven evolution for a wide range of applications. As a case study we use DC-Mailbox, a back-end mail server from Data Connection Limited (DCL) that stores, retrieves and manages e-mail messages for a potentially large number of users.
Peer reviewed
2001
2011-04-04T11:04:59Z
2011-04-04T11:04:59Z
Conference paper
166677
bdadf56e-f8fa-4c29-80aa-50e109b2410f
Sage , A , Kirby , G N C & Morrison , R 2001 , ' ACT : a tool for performance driven evolution of distributed applications ' , Paper presented at 1st IEEE Working Conference on Complex and Dynamic Systems Architecture , Brisbane , Australia , 1/12/01 .
conference
standrews_research_output: 3817
ORCID: /0000-0002-4422-0190/work/28429135
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/1797
eng
5
67478
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/46432024-02-15T00:41:46Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Does neighbourhood social capital aid in levelling the social gradient in the health and well-being of children and adolescents? : A literature review
Vyncke, Veerle
De Clercq, Bart
Stevens, Veerle
Costongs, Caroline
Barbareschi, Giorgio
Jonsson, Stefan Hrafn
Darias Curvo, Sara
Kebza, Vladimir
Currie, Candace
Maes, Lea
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit
Social capital
Health inequity
Health gradient
Neighbourhoods
Children
Adolescents
Self-rated health
Quality-of-life
School-aged children
Income inequality
Socioeconomic-status
Collective efficacy
Multilevel analysis
Contextual analysis
Mediation analysis
Perceived health
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities
RA0421
The research leading to these results was performed within the framework of the ‘Gradient’ project (www.health-gradient.eu), coordinated by EuroHealthNet, and has received funding from the European Community (FP7 2007–2013) under grant agreement no 223252.
Background: Although most countries in the European Union are richer and healthier than ever, health inequalities remain an important public health challenge. Health-related problems and premature death have disproportionately been reported in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood social capital is believed to influence the association between neighbourhood deprivation and health in children and adolescents, making it a potentially interesting concept for policymakers. Methods: This study aims to review the role of social capital in health inequalities and the social gradient in health and well-being of children and adolescents. A systematic review of published quantitative literature was conducted, focussing on (1) the mediating role of neighbourhood social capital in the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and health-related outcomes in children and adolescents and (2) the interaction between neighbourhood social capital and socio-economic characteristics in relation to health-related outcomes in children and adolescents. Three electronic databases were searched. Studies executed between 1 January 1990 and 1 September 2011 in Western countries (USA, New Zealand, Australia and Europe) that included a health-related outcome in children or adolescents and a variable that measured neighbourhood social capital were included. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. The findings are mixed. Only two of five studies confirmed that neighbourhood social capital mediates the association between neighbourhood deprivation and health and well-being in adolescents. Furthermore, two studies found a significant interaction between neighbourhood socio-economic factors and neighbourhood social capital, which indicates that neighbourhood social capital is especially beneficial for children who reside in deprived neighbourhoods. However, two other studies did not find a significant interaction between SES and neighbourhood social capital. Due to the broad range of studied health-related outcomes, the different operationalisations of neighbourhood social capital and the conceptual overlap between measures of SES and social capital in some studies, the factors that explain these differences in findings remain unclear. Conclusions: Although the findings of this study should be interpreted with caution, the results suggest that neighbourhood social capital might play a role in the health gradient among children and adolescents. However, only two of the included studies were conducted in Europe. Furthermore, some studies focussed on specific populations and minority groups. To formulate relevant European policy recommendations, further European-focussed research on this issue is needed.
Peer reviewed
2013-01-23
2014-04-28T16:01:03Z
2014-04-28T16:01:03Z
Journal item
100062496
aca241e0-a189-4561-9f74-a88243248062
000315043600001
84872512649
Vyncke , V , De Clercq , B , Stevens , V , Costongs , C , Barbareschi , G , Jonsson , S H , Darias Curvo , S , Kebza , V , Currie , C & Maes , L 2013 , ' Does neighbourhood social capital aid in levelling the social gradient in the health and well-being of children and adolescents? A literature review ' , BMC Public Health , vol. 13 , 65 . https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-65
1471-2458
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/4643
10.1186/1471-2458-13-65
eng
BMC Public Health
18
463938
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/115912019-04-01T13:07:42Zcom_10023_3885com_10023_3884col_10023_5615
“A time to keep: theology, mortality, and the shape of a human life” by Ephraim Radner
Erickson, Amy
BR1.S3T5
Theology--Study and teaching--Scotland
Theology, Doctrinal--Scotland
Review of: Ephraim Radner, A Time to Keep: Theology, Mortality, and the Shape of a Human Life (Waco, Tex.: Baylor University Press, 2016)
Publisher PDF
2017-06-01
2017-09-01T11:04:26Z
2017-09-01T11:04:26Z
Book review
Erickson, A. (2017). “A time to keep: theology, mortality, and the shape of a human life” by Ephraim Radner. Theology in Scotland, 24(1), 82-85
1465-2862
https://ojs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.php/TIS/article/view/1521
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11591
en
Theology in Scotland
Copyright (c) 2017 Amy Erickson. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Licence.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
application/pdf
St Mary's College, University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/113382022-04-07T16:31:08Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Strong paramagnon scattering in single atom Pd contacts
Schendel, V
Barreteau, C
Brandbyge, M
Borca, B
Pentegov, I
Schlickum, U
Ternes, M
Wahl, Peter
Kern, K
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. Condensed Matter Physics
QC Physics
QD Chemistry
NDAS
QC
QD
Among all transition metals, palladium (Pd) has the highest density of states at the Fermi energy at low temperatures yet does not fulfill the Stoner criterion for ferromagnetism. However, its close vicinity to magnetism renders it a nearly ferromagnetic metal, which hosts paramagnons, strongly damped spin fluctuations. Here we compare the total and the differential conductance of mono-atomic contacts consisting of single Pd and Cobalt (Co) atoms between Pd electrodes. Transport measurements reveal a conductance for Co of 1\,G0, while for Pd we obtain 2\,G0. The differential conductance of mono-atomic Pd contacts shows a drop with increasing bias, which gives rise to a peculiar \Lambda-shaped spectrum. Supported by theoretical calculations we correlate this finding with the lifetime of hot quasi-particles in Pd which is strongly influenced by paramagnon scattering. In contrast to this, Co adatoms locally induce magnetic order and transport through single cobalt atoms remains unaffected by paramagnon scattering, consistent with theory.
Postprint
Peer reviewed
2017-07-31
2017-08-01T11:30:19Z
2017-08-01T11:30:19Z
Journal article
Schendel , V , Barreteau , C , Brandbyge , M , Borca , B , Pentegov , I , Schlickum , U , Ternes , M , Wahl , P & Kern , K 2017 , ' Strong paramagnon scattering in single atom Pd contacts ' , Physical Review. B, Condensed matter and materials physics , vol. 96 , no. 3 , 035155 . https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.035155
1098-0121
PURE: 250512645
PURE UUID: df554b27-c0eb-408c-8f2f-fba108cb619d
Scopus: 85027355926
ORCID: /0000-0002-8635-1519/work/46939675
WOS: 000406631500003
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11338
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.035155
eng
Physical Review. B, Condensed matter and materials physics
© 2017, American Physical Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at journals.aps.org / https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.035155
5
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/151942019-03-29T15:22:14Zcom_10023_71com_10023_24col_10023_73
Sediment dynamics on Wemyss beach, South Fife
Miller, Kathryn Ann
McManus, John
GB457.22M5
Beaches--Scotland
The beaches of South Fife consist of an unusual mix of heterogeneous pebbles, sand and coal waste, and consequently provide a complex environment in which to examine sediment transport. The use of tracers revealed that low density coal pebbles were 'rejected' from the bedload layer of ironstone and sandstone pebbles, and were transported to extreme distances alongshore and potentially offshore. Whereas, the high specific gravity of the ironstone pebbles restricted longshore transport, but enhanced movement in the backwash to low water. Coarse pebbles protruded from the mixed bed of closely packed small pebbles and generated turbulence, thus enhancing the lift forces for entrainment. Once in transport, the coarse pebbles 'overpassed' the small pebbles. Therefore, 'Selective transport' according to pebble composition and size, was an important phenomenon on the mixed beach. On the mixed beach, the sand was readily moved offshore in the backwash and transported by longshore currents. Whereas, pebble transport was restricted to the swash and backwash, in the direction of maximum wave energy. Pebbles were either buried in the sand or lay flat on the surface. The limited protrusion of the pebbles lowered the shear stress available for pebble entrainment. Furthermore, once in motion the sand absorbed the impacts of the saltating pebbles. Vertical cores were used to investigate the structure of the beach. This technique revealed that a homogenous upper layer of coarse pebbles was transported along and upshore, over a less mobile beach layer of compacted poorly sorted sediment. Dense ironstone pebbles armoured the beach face and trapped finer sediments below. Consequently, a mix of sediment and dense coarse pebbles could be used to increase beach stability. Important factors influencing the dynamics of pebbles on mixed beaches were identified, however an adequate formula for mixed sediment transport remains to be calibrated.
1997
2018-07-10T14:23:44Z
2018-07-10T14:23:44Z
Thesis
Masters
MPhil Master of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15194
en
application/pdf
174 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/146912019-04-01T10:02:27Zcom_10023_126com_10023_31col_10023_129
The effect of volume changes on the order-disorder transition in substitutional alloys
Ross, Archie Walter
ter Haar, D.
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR)
QC761.R7
Magnetism
1957
2018-06-28T09:33:48Z
2018-06-28T09:33:48Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14691
en
application/pdf
126 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/95422024-03-02T00:43:34Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Employee voice through open-book accounting : the benefits of informational transparency
Timming, Andrew Richard
Brown, Ross Crawford
University of St Andrews. School of Management
University of St Andrews. Centre for Responsible Banking and Finance
Employee-owned businesses
Employee voice
Open-book accounting
HF5601 Accounting
HF5601
This paper explores the concept of open-book accounting. It illustrates the benefits of open-book reporting policies in terms of their potential ability to correct informational asymmetries, and it sets out some ideas for a future research agenda centred around the concept. The discussion is grounded in large part in the experiences of employee-owned businesses because such organisations are at the forefront of informational transparency innovations in social accounting. But the broader principle of sharing organisational information with employees and training them to process financial and strategic information is applicable to any organisation. It is argued that open-book accounting, especially in the context of employee-owned businesses, provides an exciting alternative to mainstream accounting and financial controls and a welcome addition to the social accounting literature.
Peer reviewed
2015
2016-09-23T23:34:40Z
2016-09-23T23:34:40Z
2016-09-23
Journal article
167469230
5d4a2b83-3de9-424c-9782-cfdf461779bd
84939472264
Timming , A R & Brown , R C 2015 , ' Employee voice through open-book accounting : the benefits of informational transparency ' , Social and Environmental Accountability Journal , vol. 35 , no. 2 , pp. 86-95 . https://doi.org/10.1080/0969160X.2015.1022196
0969-160X
ORCID: /0000-0002-6164-7639/work/82179613
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/9542
10.1080/0969160X.2015.1022196
eng
Social and Environmental Accountability Journal
61994
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/57602019-07-01T10:19:31Zcom_10023_3885com_10023_3884col_10023_5615
Continuity and discontinuity: the Lord's Supper in historical perspective
Sefton, Henry
holy communion
Lord's supper
Eucharist
sacrament
Mass
Church
Scotland
Scottish
Reformation
Reformed
John Knox
Thomas Chalmers
BR1.S3T5
Theology--Study and teaching--Scotland
Theology, Doctrinal--Scotland
While the Reformation brought a transformation in the way the Lord's Supper was celebrated in Scotland, Henry Sefton's paper shows that the change in practice was not at complete as might be thought, and that through the centuries that followed there has been a survival of a number of older traditions.
Publisher PDF
2008-12-01
2014-11-12T16:25:48Z
2014-11-12T16:25:48Z
Journal article
Sefton, H. (2008). Continuity and discontinuity: the Lord's Supper in historical perspective. Theology in Scotland, 15(2), pp. 53-58.
1465-2862
http://ojs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.php/TIS/article/view/59
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5760
en
Theology in Scotland
This is an open access article published in Theology in Scotland. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
application/pdf
St Mary's College, University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/226122021-04-09T02:00:39Zcom_10023_385com_10023_381col_10023_19869
Cloning and expression of guanylin and guanylate cyclase-C in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla
Comrie, Muriel M.
Biology Theses
QL638.A55C7
2001
2021-04-08T09:17:39Z
2021-04-08T09:17:39Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosopy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/22612
en
application/pdf
178p
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/249362024-02-28T00:45:35Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Investigating the architecture and internal structure of the TOI-561 system planets with CHEOPS, HARPS-N and TESS
Lacedelli, G
Wilson, T G
Malavolta, L
Hooton, M J
Cameron, A Collier
Alibert, Y
Mortier, A
Bonfanti, A
Haywood, R D
Hoyer, S
Piotto, G
Bekkelien, A
Vanderburg, A M
Benz, W
Dumusque, X
Deline, A
López-Morales, M
Borsato, L
Rice, K
Fossati, L
Latham, D W
Brandeker, A
Poretti, E
Sousa, S G
Sozzetti, A
Salmon, S
Burke, C J
Van Grootel, V
Fausnaugh, M M
Adibekyan, V
Huang, C X
Osborn, H P
Mustill, A J
Pallé, E
Bourrier, V
Nascimbeni, V
Alonso, R
Anglada, G
Bárczy, T
Navascues, D Barrado y
Barros, S C C
Baumjohann, W
Beck, M
Beck, T
Billot, N
Bonfils, X
Broeg, C
Buchhave, L A
Cabrera, J
Charnoz, S
Cosentino, R
Csizmadia, Sz
Davies, M B
Deleuil, M
Delrez, L
Demangeon, O
Demory, B-O
Ehrenreich, D
Erikson, A
Esparza-Borges, E
Florén, H-G
Fortier, A
Fridlund, M
Futyan, D
Gandolfi, D
Ghedina, A
Gillon, M
Güdel, M
Gutermann, P
Harutyunyan, A
Heng, K
Isaak, K G
Jenkins, J M
Kiss, L
Laskar, J
Lecavelier des Etangs, A
Lendl, M
Lovis, C
Magrin, D
Marafatto, L
Martinez Fiorenzano, A F
Maxted, P F L
Mayor, M
Micela, G
Molinari, E
Murgas, F
Narita, N
Olofsson, G
Ottensamer, R
Pagano, I
Pasetti, A
Pedani, M
Pepe, F A
Peter, G
Phillips, D F
Pollacco, D
Queloz, D
Ragazzoni, R
Rando, N
Ratti, F
Rauer, H
Ribas, I
Santos, N C
Sasselov, D
Scandariato, G
Seager, S
Ségransan, D
Serrano, L M
Simon, A E
Smith, A M S
Steinberger, M
Steller, M
Szabó, Gy
Thomas, N
Twicken, J D
Udry, S
Walton, N
Winn, J N
Science & Technology Facilities Council
Science & Technology Facilities Council
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science
Planets and satellites: interiors
Stars: individual: TOI-561 (TIC 377064495
Gaia EDR3 3850421005290172416)
Techniques: photometric
Techniques: radial velocities
Planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
QB Astronomy
QC Physics
DAS
MCC
QB
QC
Funding: TW and ACC acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1.
We present a precise characterization of the TOI-561 planetary system obtained by combining previously published data with TESS and CHEOPS photometry,and a new set of 62 HARPS-N radial velocities (RVs). Our joint analysis confirms the presence of four transiting planets, namely TOI-561 b (P =0.45 d, R = 1.42 R⊕, M =2.0 M⊕), c (P = 10.78 d, R =2.91 R⊕, M = 5.4 M⊕), d (P = 25.7 d, R = 2.82 R⊕, M =13.2 M⊕) and e (P = 77 d, R =2.55 R⊕, M = 12.6 R⊕). Moreover, we identify an additional, long-period signal (>450 d) in theRVs, which could be due to either an external planetary companion or to stellar magnetic activity. The precise masses and radii obtained for the four planetsallowed us to conduct interior structure and atmospheric escape modelling. TOI-561b is confirmed to be the lowest density (ρb = 3.8 ± 0.5 gcm−3) ultra-short period (USP) planet known to date, and the low metallicity of the host star makes it consistent with the general bulk density-stellar metallicity trend. According to our interior structure modelling, planet b has basically no gas envelope, and it could host a certain amount of water. In contrast, TOI-561 c, d, and e likely retained an H/He envelope, in addition to a possibly large water layer. The inferred planetary compositions suggest different atmospheric evolutionary paths, with planets band c having experienced significant gas loss, and planets d and e showing anatmospheric content consistent with the original one. The uniqueness of the USP planet, the presence of the long-period planet TOI-561 e, and the complex architecture make this system an appealing target for follow-up studies.
Peer reviewed
2022-04-01
2022-02-23T12:30:08Z
2022-02-23T12:30:08Z
Journal article
277770807
17eb646b-d684-4b03-8e88-633efe908c58
000762069800005
85134678339
Lacedelli , G , Wilson , T G , Malavolta , L , Hooton , M J , Cameron , A C , Alibert , Y , Mortier , A , Bonfanti , A , Haywood , R D , Hoyer , S , Piotto , G , Bekkelien , A , Vanderburg , A M , Benz , W , Dumusque , X , Deline , A , López-Morales , M , Borsato , L , Rice , K , Fossati , L , Latham , D W , Brandeker , A , Poretti , E , Sousa , S G , Sozzetti , A , Salmon , S , Burke , C J , Van Grootel , V , Fausnaugh , M M , Adibekyan , V , Huang , C X , Osborn , H P , Mustill , A J , Pallé , E , Bourrier , V , Nascimbeni , V , Alonso , R , Anglada , G , Bárczy , T , Navascues , D B Y , Barros , S C C , Baumjohann , W , Beck , M , Beck , T , Billot , N , Bonfils , X , Broeg , C , Buchhave , L A , Cabrera , J , Charnoz , S , Cosentino , R , Csizmadia , S , Davies , M B , Deleuil , M , Delrez , L , Demangeon , O , Demory , B-O , Ehrenreich , D , Erikson , A , Esparza-Borges , E , Florén , H-G , Fortier , A , Fridlund , M , Futyan , D , Gandolfi , D , Ghedina , A , Gillon , M , Güdel , M , Gutermann , P , Harutyunyan , A , Heng , K , Isaak , K G , Jenkins , J M , Kiss , L , Laskar , J , Lecavelier des Etangs , A , Lendl , M , Lovis , C , Magrin , D , Marafatto , L , Martinez Fiorenzano , A F , Maxted , P F L , Mayor , M , Micela , G , Molinari , E , Murgas , F , Narita , N , Olofsson , G , Ottensamer , R , Pagano , I , Pasetti , A , Pedani , M , Pepe , F A , Peter , G , Phillips , D F , Pollacco , D , Queloz , D , Ragazzoni , R , Rando , N , Ratti , F , Rauer , H , Ribas , I , Santos , N C , Sasselov , D , Scandariato , G , Seager , S , Ségransan , D , Serrano , L M , Simon , A E , Smith , A M S , Steinberger , M , Steller , M , Szabó , G , Thomas , N , Twicken , J D , Udry , S , Walton , N & Winn , J N 2022 , ' Investigating the architecture and internal structure of the TOI-561 system planets with CHEOPS, HARPS-N and TESS ' , Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , vol. 511 , no. 3 , pp. 4551-4571 . https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac199
0035-8711
Jisc: fbcbd60faf924caa82545c7237af770a
ORCID: /0000-0002-8863-7828/work/108913751
ORCID: /0000-0001-8749-1962/work/108919772
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/24936
10.1093/mnras/stac199
ST/R00824/1
ST/R003203/1
eng
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
21
8827904
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/83812023-04-19T00:40:01Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
The skin is a screen
Rider, Alistair
Alison, Maya
University of St Andrews. School of Art History
University of St Andrews. Centre for Ancient Environmental Studies
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
Sculpture
NB Sculpture
NB
This essay discusses works produced over the first ten years of the career of the Syrian American artist Diana Al-Hadid, and is to be published in an exhibition catalogue entitled "Diana Al-Hadid: Phantom Limb", in conjunction with a retrospective of her work at NYUAD Art Gallery, Abu Dhabi, and David Winton Bell Gallery, Brown University, Rhode Island.
Postprint
2016-03
2016-03-08T16:40:09Z
2016-03-08T16:40:09Z
Book item
Rider , A 2016 , The skin is a screen . in M Alison (ed.) , Diana Al-Hadid : Phantom Limb . NYUAD Gallery , Abu Dhabi .
PURE: 228444801
PURE UUID: 10d4fc4a-064f-4def-b66b-04f8ba06904e
ORCID: /0000-0003-1687-9534/work/60427172
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8381
eng
Diana Al-Hadid
Copyright 2016 Alistair Rider. "The Skin is a Screen” originally appeared in Diana Al-Hadid: Phantom Limb, edited by Maya Allison, published by New York University Abu Dhabi. This work is made available online with permission from the publisher.
application/pdf
NYUAD Gallery
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/142402019-03-29T10:27:00Zcom_10023_45com_10023_17col_10023_47
Studies of the quinone binding sites of the 'Escherichia coli' terminal oxidases, cytochromes bo₃ & bd
Hastings, Stuart Fairbairn
Ingledew, John
QP671.C85H2
Cytochromes
The structure and function relationships involved in the binding of quinones to the terminal oxidases of Escherichia coli, cytochromes bd and bo3, were investigated using redox potentiometery, site-directed mutagenesis and magnetic resonance techniques. A stable semiquinone was identified as an intermediate of quinol oxidation by cytochrome bd in appropriately poised samples of both the membrane-bound and purified enzyme reconstituted with excess ubi- and menaquinone analogues. The effects of the inhibitors HOQNO and aurachin D on semiquinone formation were assessed. The potentiometric behaviour of the semiquinone stabilised by membrane-bound and purified cytochrome bo3, reconstituted with excess quinone analogues was characterised. The effects of two cytochrome bo3 subunit II mutations and the inhibitor tridecylstigmatellin were studied. The data presented is consistent with the presence of one quinone binding site. The hyperfine splittings present in the ESR spectrum of the cytochrome bo3 semiquinone were resolved by ENDOR spectroscopy. The resultant electronic structure of the bound semiquinone and the nature of the hydrogen bonding to the protein is described. ESEEM spectroscopy was used to identify a nitrogen nucleus hydrogen bonded to the semiquinone. A model of this quinone binding site and a possible location is presented.
1997
2018-06-19T10:11:20Z
2018-06-19T10:11:20Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14240
en
application/pdf
258 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/49312024-02-15T00:42:05Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Fluorinated Phosphorus-Selenium Heteroatom Compounds : Phenylphosphonofluorodiselenoic Salts, Adducts, and Esters
Hua, Guoxiong
Du, Junyi
Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.
Woollins, J. Derek
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Woollins' reagent
Efficient synthesis
Analogs
Heterocycles
Acetylcholinesterase
Phosphorofluoridate
Selenation
QD Chemistry
QD
2,4-Bis(phenyl)-1,3-diselenadiphosphetane-2,4-diselenide, [PhP(Se)(mu-Se)](2), Woollins' reagent (WR), reacts with dry KF or tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) at room temperature generating the corresponding potassium and tetrabutylammonium phenyldiselenofluorophosphinates 1 and 2 in almost quantitative yields. Treating 1 with equimolar amounts of tetraphenylphosphonium chloride or 1,3-dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride in THF at room temperature afforded the corresponding organic adducts 3 and 4 in 90% and 87% yields. Reaction of 1 with mono- and dihalogenated alkanes gave a series of esters of phenylphosphonofluoridodiselenoates 5-8 and 9 in 79-93% yields. Two representative crystal structures are reported.
Peer reviewed
2013-07-15
2014-06-30T23:01:42Z
2014-06-30T23:01:42Z
2014-07-01
Journal article
112010116
debe8acd-bc90-4af4-8c96-fe3dda11d592
000322087100045
84880255568
Hua , G , Du , J , Slawin , A M Z & Woollins , J D 2013 , ' Fluorinated Phosphorus-Selenium Heteroatom Compounds : Phenylphosphonofluorodiselenoic Salts, Adducts, and Esters ' , Inorganic Chemistry , vol. 52 , no. 14 , pp. 8214-8217 . https://doi.org/10.1021/ic400612w
0020-1669
ORCID: /0000-0002-9527-6418/work/56861501
ORCID: /0000-0002-1498-9652/work/31779203
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/4931
10.1021/ic400612w
eng
Inorganic Chemistry
4
565913
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/101112022-04-29T10:31:01Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Sexual selection modulates genetic conflicts and patterns of genomic imprinting
Faria, Gonçalo S.
Varela, Susana A. M.
Gardner, Andy
NERC
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity
Arms race
Dispersal
Inclusive fitness
Intragenomic conflict
Kin selection
Sexual conflict
GE Environmental Sciences
QH301 Biology
QH426 Genetics
DAS
GE
QH301
QH426
This work was supported by Portuguese National Funds, through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within the project UID/BIA/00329/2013, as well as through GFS PhD Scholarship (SFRH/BD/109726/2015) and through SAMV Post-Doctoral Research Grant (SFRH/BPD/66042/2009), and by a Natural Environment Research Council Independent Research Fellowship (AG, Grant Number NE/K009524/1).
Recent years have seen a surge of interest in linking the theories of kin selection and sexual selection. In particular, there is a growing appreciation that kin selection, arising through demographic factors such as sex-biased dispersal, may modulate sexual conflicts,including in the context of male-female arms races characterized by coevolutionary cycles.However, evolutionary conflicts of interest need not only occur between individuals, but may also occur within individuals, and sex-specific demography is known to foment such intragenomic conflict in relation to social behavior. Whether and how this logic holds in the context of sexual conflict – and, in particular, in relation to coevolutionary cycles – remains obscure. We develop a kin-selection model to investigate the interests of different genes involved in sexual and intragenomic conflict, and we show that consideration of these conflicting interests yields novel predictions concerning parent-of-origin-specific patterns of gene expression and the detrimental effects of different classes of mutation and epimutation at loci underpinning sexually-selected phenotypes.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2017-03-07
2017-01-16T14:30:18Z
2017-01-16T14:30:18Z
Journal article
Faria , G S , Varela , S A M & Gardner , A 2017 , ' Sexual selection modulates genetic conflicts and patterns of genomic imprinting ' , Evolution , vol. 71 , no. 3 , pp. 526-540 . https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13153
0014-3820
PURE: 248127006
PURE UUID: 9142fd3f-c24f-41ed-b534-b522235c762b
Scopus: 85010567536
ORCID: /0000-0002-1511-8680/work/30765800
WOS: 000396039000002
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10111
https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13153
NE/K009524/1
eng
Evolution
© 2016 The Author(s). Evolution published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
15
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/130312023-04-25T23:44:34Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Cryptococcal meningitis : epidemiology and therapeutic options
Sloan, Derek J.
Parris, Victoria
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Antifungal therapy
Antiretroviral therapy
Cryptococcosis
HIV
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Immunosuppression
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Epidemiology
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
RA0421
RM
Cryptococcal meningitis causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. The burden of disease is greatest in middle- and low-income countries with a high incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection. Patients taking immunosuppressive drugs and some immunocompetent hosts are also at risk. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis consists of three phases: Induction, consolidation, and maintenance. Effective induction therapy requires potent fungicidal drugs (amphotericin B and flucytosine, which are often unavailable in low-resource, high-endemicity settings. As a consequence, mortality is unacceptably high. Wider access to effective treatment is urgently required to improve outcomes. For human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, judicious management of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia and appropriately timed introduction of antiretroviral therapy are important.
Publisher PDF
Peer reviewed
2014-05-13
2018-03-27T14:30:04Z
2018-03-27T14:30:04Z
Journal item
Sloan , D J & Parris , V 2014 , ' Cryptococcal meningitis : epidemiology and therapeutic options ' , Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol. 6 , pp. 169-182 . https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S38850
0895-4356
PURE: 241921155
PURE UUID: 9f3b2fe0-9c0a-4af1-a573-283746c2f3b1
Scopus: 84900559961
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13031
https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S38850
eng
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
© 2014 Sloan and Parris. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php
14
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/159102019-03-29T15:22:24Zcom_10023_71com_10023_24col_10023_73
The modern and late Holocene marine environments of Loch Sunart, N.W. Scotland
Cage, Alix Gayle
Austin, W. E. N. (William E. N.)
University of St Andrews
Scottish International Education Trust
Russell Trust
The first study to exploit the sedimentary archives of Loch Sunart, a relatively well-flushed fjord on the NW coast of Scotland, for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction is presented. In order to understand environmental influences on past environments, the
modern physical, chemical and biological conditions of the loch and surrounding
catchment were studied. Both observational and computer modelled annual inner basin
salinity show a clear response to climatic forcing, modulated by NAO behaviour. Main
basin salinity appears to remain very stable and a well-defined salinity: δ¹⁸O relationship
suggests excellent potential for palaeotemperature reconstructions based on foraminiferal δ¹⁸O
.
Multi-variate statistical analyses identified 4 benthic foraminiferal assemblage groups in
the surface sediments of the loch: A) restricted basin (E. scaber); B) very high current
activity (C. lobatulus-A. mammilla -A. beccarii); C) calm environment undera stratified
water column (B. marginata-N. turgida-S. fusiformis) and D) coastal water influence and
mild/episodic current activity (A. beccarii-C. lobatulus-S. wrightii-E. excavatum). Using
assemblage data, an existing benthic foraminiferal transfer function was modified in
order to reconstruct Loch Sunart bottom water temperature (BWS); these reconstructions
agree well with Scottish coastal temperature series (Millport).
C. lobatulus appears to calcify close to theoretical equilibrium δ¹⁸O calcite (Δδ¹⁸O = -0.11 ± 0.17 %), probably during the warm bottom water temperatures (BWT) of late
autumn, and predominantly reflects changes in BWT rather than BWS in the main basin
of Loch Sunart.
The first late Holocene high resolution palaeoenvironmental reconstruction from the deep
(121 m) main basin of Loch Sunart is presented; gravity core (GC023) is 3 m long and
spans the last 2,000 years. Despite difficulties with geochronology, palaeoenvironmental
reconstructions from Loch Sunart suggest that these high resolution sedimentary archives
have the potential to resolve inter-annual marine climate variability of the order of 1-2°C
and capture an integrated record of changes in the catchment and marine environment.
2006-06-22
2018-08-30T13:59:48Z
2018-08-30T13:59:48Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15910
en
application/pdf
application/zip
xviii, 398, [10] p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/253872024-03-28T00:45:27Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
A social norms and identity approach to increasing fruit and vegetable intake of undergraduate students in the United Kingdom
Fischera, Wanda
van Beusekom, Mara
Higgs, Suzanne
Cecil, Joanne
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division
University of St Andrews. Health Psychology
Fruit intake
Social norm
Descriptive norm
Eating norms
Student identification
Identity strength
Fruit & vegetable intake
BF Psychology
NDAS
MCC
BF
Funding: The funding for open access was supported by the University of St Andrews.
This study investigated the influence of descriptive norm messages that either communicated that university students eat a sufficient amount of fruit and vegetable (F&V) or that they do not, on F&V consumption, and whether or not any effects are moderated by student identification. An online 2 (Norm: ‘Sufficient’/‘Insufficient’) x 2 (Identification: ‘Low’/‘High’) experimental design was employed. Infographics containing ‘sufficient’/‘insufficient’ F&V intake descriptive norms were presented. An identification manipulation was employed to create ‘high’/‘low’ student identifiers. F&V intake intentions were assessed after the manipulations; self-reported F&V intake was reported at 2 days post-intervention. UK undergraduate students (N=180) reported intake intentions, of which 112 (62%) completed the behavioral follow-up. Participants were predominantly white female students from Scottish universities, mean age 20.4 (±1.6) years. Baseline mean F&V consumption was high (4.5±2.8). There were no significant main effects of Norm or Identification manipulations on F&V intentions and intake. Significant norm×identification interactions were revealed for fruit intake intentions and vegetable intake at follow-up, indicating half portion differences (~40g) between groups. Ironic effects were observed for ‘high’ identifiers, who neither intended to, nor acted in accordance with group norms; ‘low’ student identifiers intended to and followed group norms, whereby the ‘sufficient’/‘low’ group intended to consume significantly more fruit portions, and consumed more vegetables than the ‘insufficient’/‘low’ group. Given the half-portion differences between groups resulting from the norm×identification interactions, future research on a larger sample of young adults with low F&V intake is warranted to further explore the conditions under which moderating effects of identification are observed and the underlying mechanisms.
Peer reviewed
2022-05-17
2022-05-17T10:30:18Z
2022-05-17T10:30:18Z
Journal article
277180531
9e933a86-f657-4e78-a6d2-8b890d97e07b
85131528958
000804112300001
Fischera , W , van Beusekom , M , Higgs , S & Cecil , J 2022 , ' A social norms and identity approach to increasing fruit and vegetable intake of undergraduate students in the United Kingdom ' , Frontiers in Psychology , vol. 13 , 838394 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838394
1664-1078
ORCID: /0000-0003-4779-6037/work/113398918
ORCID: /0000-0002-4536-0558/work/113399089
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/25387
10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838394
eng
Frontiers in Psychology
13
2197627
application/pdf
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154052019-04-01T12:11:09Zcom_10023_4725com_10023_4724col_10023_5513
A reciprocity of care: a dialogical reflection on the artwork Winter
Hammersley, John Mark
Davies, Rachel
Saul, Daniel
PN1576
Performing arts--Research
Motion pictures--Research
Publisher PDF
2018-04-06
2018-07-13T15:42:44Z
2018-07-13T15:42:44Z
Journal article
Hammersley, J. M., Davies, R., and Saul, D. (2018). A reciprocity of care: a dialogical reflection on the artwork Winter. Scottish Journal of Performance, 5(1), pp. 103–117.
2054-1961
http://doi.org/10.14439/sjop.2018.0501.12
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15405
en
Scottish Journal of Performance
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
application/pdf
15
The Royal Conservatoire of Scotland
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/107932022-04-12T15:31:13Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
Synthesis and structure of sterically overloaded tetra-coordinated yttrium and lanthanum disiloxides
McNerney, Brian
Mummadi, Suresh
Hung-Low, Fernando
Cordes, David B.
Unruh, Daniel K.
Krempner, Clemens
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Siloxide
Silanol
Rare earth siloxide
Yttrium
Lanthanum
QD Chemistry
NDAS
QD
The NSF is thanked for purchase of a JEOL ECS-400 NMR Spectrometer (CRIF-MU CHE-1048553).
The synthesis, structures and reactivity of the spirocyclic yttrium and lanthanum disiloxides {[(CH2R2SiO)2]2M}H [M = Ln, Y; R = SiMe(SiMe3)2] 3 and 4 are reported. Compounds 3 and 4 were prepared from reactions of two equivalents of [CH2(R)2SiOH]2 [R = Si(SiMe3)2Me] ( 1 ) with one equivalent of M[N(SiMe3)2]2 (M = Y, La), respectively.
Postprint
Peer reviewed
2016-08
2017-05-17T23:33:40Z
2017-05-17T23:33:40Z
2017-05-17
Journal article
McNerney , B , Mummadi , S , Hung-Low , F , Cordes , D B , Unruh , D K & Krempner , C 2016 , ' Synthesis and structure of sterically overloaded tetra-coordinated yttrium and lanthanum disiloxides ' , Inorganic Chemistry Communications , vol. 70 , pp. 103-106 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2016.05.016
1387-7003
PURE: 242655088
PURE UUID: 5ed03079-03f9-4277-87f9-0a1f5bb5344d
RIS: urn:01661C4D10CE517FA8B70787514B423B
Scopus: 84973136640
ORCID: /0000-0002-5366-9168/work/28023980
WOS: 000380865300024
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10793
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2016.05.016
eng
Inorganic Chemistry Communications
© 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2016.05.016
4
application/pdf
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