Evaluating the utility of B/Ca ratios in planktic foraminifera as a proxy for the carbonate system : a case study of Globigerinoides ruber
Abstract
B/Ca ratios in foraminifera have attracted considerable scientific attention as a proxy for past ocean carbonate system. However, the carbonate system controls on B/Ca ratios are not straightforward, with Δ[ CO32-] ([ CO32-]in situ - [ CO32-]at saturation) correlating best with B/Ca ratios in benthic foraminifera, rather than pH, B(OH)4-/HCO3-, or B(OH)4-/DIC (as a simple model of boron speciation in seawater and incorporation into CaCO3 would predict). Furthermore, culture experiments have shown that in planktic foraminifera properties such as salinity and [B]SW can have profound effects on B/Ca ratios beyond those predicted by simple partition coefficients. Here, we investigate the controls on B/Ca ratios in G. ruber via a combination of culture experiments and core-top measurements, and add to a growing body of evidence that suggests B/Ca ratios in symbiont-bearing foraminiferal carbonate are not a straightforward proxy for past seawater carbonate system conditions. We find that while B/Ca ratios in culture experiments covary with pH, in open ocean sediments this relationship is not seen. In fact, our B/Ca data correlate best with [ PO43-] (a previously undocumented association) and in most regions, salinity. These findings might suggest a precipitation rate or crystallographic control on boron incorporation into foraminiferal calcite. Regardless, our results underscore the need for caution when attempting to interpret B/Ca records in terms of the ocean carbonate system, at the very least in the case of mixed-layer planktic foraminifera.
Citation
Henehan , M J , Foster , G L , Rae , J W B , Prentice , K C , Erez , J , Bostock , H C , Marshall , B J & Wilson , P A 2015 , ' Evaluating the utility of B/Ca ratios in planktic foraminifera as a proxy for the carbonate system : a case study of Globigerinoides ruber ' , Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems , vol. 16 , no. 4 , pp. 1052-1069 . https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005514
Publication
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
Status
Peer reviewed
ISSN
1525-2027Type
Journal article
Rights
© 2015. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Description
This research was funded by NERC, Grant Number: NE/D00876X/2.Collections
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