Scottish Historyhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/832024-03-29T02:21:34Z2024-03-29T02:21:34ZThe relations between James VI and I and Carlo Emanuele I, Duke of SavoyThompson, Johnhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/285452023-10-18T15:05:45Z1942-01-01T00:00:00Z1942-01-01T00:00:00ZThompson, JohnTroubled waters : the impact of North Sea oil in British politics, 1964-1979Leaver, Danielhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/270732023-11-30T03:05:54Z2023-06-15T00:00:00ZThis thesis aims to explore the reactions of politicians to the discovery and development of North Sea oil in the United Kingdom between 1964 and 1979. In doing so, it attempts to consider why North Sea oil has largely been absent from existing narratives of post-war British history. It considers the politics of North Sea oil within the wider context of this period, looking at how it interacted with issues of economic modernisation, the relationship between the elected government and the trade unions, and the role of the state in the economy. Given the link between North Sea oil and the rise of the Scottish National Party in the early 1970s, it pays special attention to its association with constitutional change and the debate around Scottish devolution during this period. It presents an argument that North Sea oil proved too complex for both Labour and Conservative governments to fully incorporate into their agendas. For the 1964-70 and 1974-79 Labour governments, bringing oil into state ownership raised uncomfortable questions about potential retaliation by overseas governments regarding the operations of British firms such as BP. Likewise, for the 1970-74 Conservative government, and the government of Margaret Thatcher elected in 1979, keeping the British state out of the oil industry did not negate the fact that the government had to liaise with foreign governments who were heavily involved in their own oil industries. It also presents an argument that while the SNP’s rhetoric around North Sea oil was beneficial to the party during the early 1970s, there were a number of contradictions in the party’s oil policy that made it practically unfeasible. Ultimately, the party’s prioritisation of constitutional change over securing control of oil revenues after 1974 meant that the link between oil and constitutional change diminished during the later 1970s.
2023-06-15T00:00:00ZLeaver, DanielThis thesis aims to explore the reactions of politicians to the discovery and development of North Sea oil in the United Kingdom between 1964 and 1979. In doing so, it attempts to consider why North Sea oil has largely been absent from existing narratives of post-war British history. It considers the politics of North Sea oil within the wider context of this period, looking at how it interacted with issues of economic modernisation, the relationship between the elected government and the trade unions, and the role of the state in the economy. Given the link between North Sea oil and the rise of the Scottish National Party in the early 1970s, it pays special attention to its association with constitutional change and the debate around Scottish devolution during this period. It presents an argument that North Sea oil proved too complex for both Labour and Conservative governments to fully incorporate into their agendas. For the 1964-70 and 1974-79 Labour governments, bringing oil into state ownership raised uncomfortable questions about potential retaliation by overseas governments regarding the operations of British firms such as BP. Likewise, for the 1970-74 Conservative government, and the government of Margaret Thatcher elected in 1979, keeping the British state out of the oil industry did not negate the fact that the government had to liaise with foreign governments who were heavily involved in their own oil industries. It also presents an argument that while the SNP’s rhetoric around North Sea oil was beneficial to the party during the early 1970s, there were a number of contradictions in the party’s oil policy that made it practically unfeasible. Ultimately, the party’s prioritisation of constitutional change over securing control of oil revenues after 1974 meant that the link between oil and constitutional change diminished during the later 1970s.'Tied up with pink ribbons' : repression, counterculture and Scottish national identity, c.1926-c.1967Leith, Sarah Janet Helenhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/244562021-12-01T14:30:27Z2021-12-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis unearths the radical debate about Scottish national identity that took place in Scotland between 1926 and 1967, and it labels this period the ‘Long Renaissance’. Employing the innovative lenses of culture, sex and location, the thesis further contributes to recent analyses of the origins of left-wing nationalism in Scotland, offering a cultural pre-history of such a stance. It draws upon generally disregarded left-wing print-culture and the hitherto largely untapped personal archive of poet and folklorist Hamish Henderson. The intellectuals of this Long Renaissance believed that an authentic sensual Scottishness had been repressed and corrupted by the following: the Scottish Reformation and its legacy; the 1707 parliamentary union with England, and industrialisation. These thinkers fought to overcome Scotland’s sentimental image as popularised by the Kailyard school of Scottish literature and by saccharine, Anglicised folk-song, both apparently symptoms of religious, political and capitalist repressions.
Having first contextualised earlier indictments of hypocritical Scottish Calvinists, Chapter One (c.1786-1936) then examines the evolution of these indictments into condemnation of Scottish Calvinism. Chapters Two and Three (c.1925-c.1962) consider ideas that Scottish sensuality had been repressed and corrupted in Scotland’s small towns and cities by Scottish Calvinism, domesticity and industrialisation, but that remnants of a liberated sensuality had survived on Scotland’s rural fringes. Chapters Four and Five (c.1951-c.1967) follow Henderson as he built upon these ideas. Henderson’s concept of Scottish national identity was a universal bawdy Scottishness that had the ability to transcend boundaries of class, gender, sexuality and location. The Long Renaissance intellectuals’ works were less popular than Kailyard kitsch, but they did attempt to sketch a radical and culturally free Scotland, thus anticipating the modern egalitarian Scottish nationalism that would evolve during the late 1960s and the 1970s. Henderson’s own ballad ‘The Freedom Come-All-Ye’ even graces the Scottish Parliament’s Canongate Wall.
2021-12-01T00:00:00ZLeith, Sarah Janet HelenThis thesis unearths the radical debate about Scottish national identity that took place in Scotland between 1926 and 1967, and it labels this period the ‘Long Renaissance’. Employing the innovative lenses of culture, sex and location, the thesis further contributes to recent analyses of the origins of left-wing nationalism in Scotland, offering a cultural pre-history of such a stance. It draws upon generally disregarded left-wing print-culture and the hitherto largely untapped personal archive of poet and folklorist Hamish Henderson. The intellectuals of this Long Renaissance believed that an authentic sensual Scottishness had been repressed and corrupted by the following: the Scottish Reformation and its legacy; the 1707 parliamentary union with England, and industrialisation. These thinkers fought to overcome Scotland’s sentimental image as popularised by the Kailyard school of Scottish literature and by saccharine, Anglicised folk-song, both apparently symptoms of religious, political and capitalist repressions.
Having first contextualised earlier indictments of hypocritical Scottish Calvinists, Chapter One (c.1786-1936) then examines the evolution of these indictments into condemnation of Scottish Calvinism. Chapters Two and Three (c.1925-c.1962) consider ideas that Scottish sensuality had been repressed and corrupted in Scotland’s small towns and cities by Scottish Calvinism, domesticity and industrialisation, but that remnants of a liberated sensuality had survived on Scotland’s rural fringes. Chapters Four and Five (c.1951-c.1967) follow Henderson as he built upon these ideas. Henderson’s concept of Scottish national identity was a universal bawdy Scottishness that had the ability to transcend boundaries of class, gender, sexuality and location. The Long Renaissance intellectuals’ works were less popular than Kailyard kitsch, but they did attempt to sketch a radical and culturally free Scotland, thus anticipating the modern egalitarian Scottish nationalism that would evolve during the late 1960s and the 1970s. Henderson’s own ballad ‘The Freedom Come-All-Ye’ even graces the Scottish Parliament’s Canongate Wall.The too-much-married man : male bigamy prosecutions in Scotland, 1837-1901McKinven, Carol E.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/237322021-08-09T11:38:44Z2021-12-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis provides the first research into male bigamy in Scotland, examining criminal prosecutions between 1837 and 1901. Drawing on the records of the criminal courts, newspapers and a variety of other sources, it identifies how Scotland's separate legal and criminal justice system impacted on the definition, prosecution and punishment of the offence. The study addresses three key research aims: how did this separate legal context, in particular the definition of the crime and the marital law framework, affect the technical aspects of bigamy in Scotland; how did social and economic factors provide an impetus for the growth in prosecutions; and how did the criminal justice system respond to cases of bigamy? The continued legal validity of irregular marriage might be expected to facilitate bigamy, yet this research finds that it was not the major cause of prosecuted cases. It also suggests greater nuance to the argument that the era's highly restricted divorce processes fostered bigamy. Examining the physical and social geography of the crime, the study establishes that this was almost exclusively a working-class offence, disproportionately concentrated in the expanding cities. The research also posits a typology of male offenders, finding that bigamists ranged from the 'unintentional' who misunderstood the law, to the 'fickle' unable to settle in one relationship and place, to those with a wider criminal history. For the courts, the essence of the crime lay in the betrayal of the marriage vows made to the lawful wife, the deception of the second and the implications for the essential role that matrimony was seen to play in maintaining the stability of society. Punishment ranged from transportation to imprisonment, yet as the century progressed those same courts demonstrated a greater willingness to take the circumstances of individual cases into account.
2021-12-01T00:00:00ZMcKinven, Carol E.This thesis provides the first research into male bigamy in Scotland, examining criminal prosecutions between 1837 and 1901. Drawing on the records of the criminal courts, newspapers and a variety of other sources, it identifies how Scotland's separate legal and criminal justice system impacted on the definition, prosecution and punishment of the offence. The study addresses three key research aims: how did this separate legal context, in particular the definition of the crime and the marital law framework, affect the technical aspects of bigamy in Scotland; how did social and economic factors provide an impetus for the growth in prosecutions; and how did the criminal justice system respond to cases of bigamy? The continued legal validity of irregular marriage might be expected to facilitate bigamy, yet this research finds that it was not the major cause of prosecuted cases. It also suggests greater nuance to the argument that the era's highly restricted divorce processes fostered bigamy. Examining the physical and social geography of the crime, the study establishes that this was almost exclusively a working-class offence, disproportionately concentrated in the expanding cities. The research also posits a typology of male offenders, finding that bigamists ranged from the 'unintentional' who misunderstood the law, to the 'fickle' unable to settle in one relationship and place, to those with a wider criminal history. For the courts, the essence of the crime lay in the betrayal of the marriage vows made to the lawful wife, the deception of the second and the implications for the essential role that matrimony was seen to play in maintaining the stability of society. Punishment ranged from transportation to imprisonment, yet as the century progressed those same courts demonstrated a greater willingness to take the circumstances of individual cases into account.A calendar of the Acts of the earls of Fife, 12th-15th Century : with a list of attestations by the earls (principally of royal documents) and an annotated list of the earls' principal dependents, retainers and tenantsCoventry, Charleshttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/219662022-03-01T12:34:09Z1979-01-01T00:00:00Z1979-01-01T00:00:00ZCoventry, CharlesScottish colonization before Darien : opportunities and opposition in the union of the crownsWagner, Josephhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/216802021-08-06T15:36:13Z2020-12-02T00:00:00ZThis thesis aims to provide a detailed account of Scottish colonisation efforts in the seventeenth century. In the first place, it seeks to provide an update to the only book-length study of the topic, George Pratt Insh’s 1922 Scottish Colonial Schemes, which covered Scottish efforts in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, East New Jersey, and Carolina. This thesis critically examines these and other ventures in light of more recent scholarship, particularly in the fields of Atlantic history and transnational studies of the Scottish diaspora. While the insights provided by these newer approaches and a broader Atlantic view are incorporated into this study, it is necessary to understand the political, economic, religious, and constitutional context of Scotland, England, and Stuart Britain to understand Scottish colonial efforts in the seventeenth century. With these underpinnings, this thesis addresses the question of why Scotland failed to establish a formal empire and questions relating to the effects the 1603 union of the crowns had on Scottish and English commerce, Scottish sovereignty, and the distribution of royal patronage in the Stuart kingdoms. Scoto-English relations permeated each of the colonial designs undertaken by Scots in the period. Following these relations, it is argued that the first phase of the union of the crowns (1603-1638) saw new opportunities for Scots to become involved in colonisation. Scoto-English relations changed as a result of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the Commonwealth, and the Protectorate, setting the stage for the second phase of the union of the crowns (1660-1707), which was characterised by opposition rather than opportunity. By examining these developments, new insight is gained into how colonisation played a role in English, Scottish, and British state-formation. This examination also reveals the long-term context of the Darien venture and the role that colonisation played in the 1707 union between England and Scotland.
2020-12-02T00:00:00ZWagner, JosephThis thesis aims to provide a detailed account of Scottish colonisation efforts in the seventeenth century. In the first place, it seeks to provide an update to the only book-length study of the topic, George Pratt Insh’s 1922 Scottish Colonial Schemes, which covered Scottish efforts in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, East New Jersey, and Carolina. This thesis critically examines these and other ventures in light of more recent scholarship, particularly in the fields of Atlantic history and transnational studies of the Scottish diaspora. While the insights provided by these newer approaches and a broader Atlantic view are incorporated into this study, it is necessary to understand the political, economic, religious, and constitutional context of Scotland, England, and Stuart Britain to understand Scottish colonial efforts in the seventeenth century. With these underpinnings, this thesis addresses the question of why Scotland failed to establish a formal empire and questions relating to the effects the 1603 union of the crowns had on Scottish and English commerce, Scottish sovereignty, and the distribution of royal patronage in the Stuart kingdoms. Scoto-English relations permeated each of the colonial designs undertaken by Scots in the period. Following these relations, it is argued that the first phase of the union of the crowns (1603-1638) saw new opportunities for Scots to become involved in colonisation. Scoto-English relations changed as a result of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the Commonwealth, and the Protectorate, setting the stage for the second phase of the union of the crowns (1660-1707), which was characterised by opposition rather than opportunity. By examining these developments, new insight is gained into how colonisation played a role in English, Scottish, and British state-formation. This examination also reveals the long-term context of the Darien venture and the role that colonisation played in the 1707 union between England and Scotland.Robert Burns in Scottish politics (1914-2014)Malgrati, Paul Edmond Andréhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/213262021-08-14T11:33:51Z2020-07-30T00:00:00ZThe present thesis considers the political legacy of Robert Burns in twentieth and twenty-first
century Scotland, explaining how iconoclastic, left-wing, and nationalist interpretations of the
poet have grown in prominence during the period between the First World War and the 2014
referendum on Scottish independence. By highlighting this radical shift, the following pages
offer a crucial complement to previous works on Burns’s afterlife, most of which, thus far, have
concentrated on the Victorian era —a time when the poet’s legacy was tinged by a sentimental,
liberal-conservative, and unionist-nationalist consensus. By contrast, at the crossroads of
political history and literary reception studies, the following four chapters reveal how Burns’s
memory went on to depart from its Victorian framework. Chapter one (1914-1930) describes
the vast reformist movement, whose ranks of Scottish socialists, suffragettes, and ‘Renaissance’
writers reacted against British imperialist uses of Burns during the Great War. Such a
movement, I argue in Chapter two (1930-1959), ended the liberal consensus which defined the
poet’s legacy since the nineteenth century and enabled Labour to capture the Burns movement
around the time of the creation of the Welfare State. However, as explained in Chapter three
(1960-1999), Labour’s Burns soon had new rivals to contend with. The rise of the SNP during
the 1960s-70s, combined with the second ‘Renaissance’ of the 1980-90s, meant that political
uses of the poet increasingly collided with debates about Scottish Home Rule. These
developments, which climaxed in July 1999, when Burns’s lyrics inaugurated the new Scottish
Parliament, are still palpable today. As demonstrated in Chapter four (1999-2014), Burns has
now become a key reference-point for the debate on Scottish independence, linking ideas of
self-government to issues of class, gender, and experimental literature —a situation which, I
conclude, reflects the transformation of Scottish cultural politics throughout the last hundred
years.
2020-07-30T00:00:00ZMalgrati, Paul Edmond AndréThe present thesis considers the political legacy of Robert Burns in twentieth and twenty-first
century Scotland, explaining how iconoclastic, left-wing, and nationalist interpretations of the
poet have grown in prominence during the period between the First World War and the 2014
referendum on Scottish independence. By highlighting this radical shift, the following pages
offer a crucial complement to previous works on Burns’s afterlife, most of which, thus far, have
concentrated on the Victorian era —a time when the poet’s legacy was tinged by a sentimental,
liberal-conservative, and unionist-nationalist consensus. By contrast, at the crossroads of
political history and literary reception studies, the following four chapters reveal how Burns’s
memory went on to depart from its Victorian framework. Chapter one (1914-1930) describes
the vast reformist movement, whose ranks of Scottish socialists, suffragettes, and ‘Renaissance’
writers reacted against British imperialist uses of Burns during the Great War. Such a
movement, I argue in Chapter two (1930-1959), ended the liberal consensus which defined the
poet’s legacy since the nineteenth century and enabled Labour to capture the Burns movement
around the time of the creation of the Welfare State. However, as explained in Chapter three
(1960-1999), Labour’s Burns soon had new rivals to contend with. The rise of the SNP during
the 1960s-70s, combined with the second ‘Renaissance’ of the 1980-90s, meant that political
uses of the poet increasingly collided with debates about Scottish Home Rule. These
developments, which climaxed in July 1999, when Burns’s lyrics inaugurated the new Scottish
Parliament, are still palpable today. As demonstrated in Chapter four (1999-2014), Burns has
now become a key reference-point for the debate on Scottish independence, linking ideas of
self-government to issues of class, gender, and experimental literature —a situation which, I
conclude, reflects the transformation of Scottish cultural politics throughout the last hundred
years.'An ugly epoch' : male sexual violence in interwar Scotland, 1918-1930Heren, Louisehttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/209072021-08-14T10:41:58Z2020-12-02T00:00:00ZThis thesis examines social and judicial attitudes towards sexual violence in Scotland between November 1918 and December 1930. Based on a survey of over 700 sexual violence cases prosecuted at the High Court of Justiciary, it addresses three key research questions: who committed sexual violence against whom; what were the spatial and social geographies of these crimes, and how did the judiciary respond? The records suggest that sexual violence was committed by working-class males against women and children of their own class, and that while incest involved mainly pubertal victims, rape was a crime prosecuted equally against minors and adult females. The thesis explores reasons for this difference including the ability of the victim to report an assault. The absence of either middle-class perpetrators or victims from the records may reveal a lack of cross-class transgressions as well as different prosecuting practices for middle-class males. It also argues that the preponderance of prosecutions in Glasgow compared to Scotland’s other urban centres and rural areas cannot be explained by contemporaries’ correlation of domestic over-crowding with sexual violence. Finally, Scots Law and its reliance on nine regional procurators fiscal operating under a single legal code may have limited the scope for personal decision-making and ‘sifting’ of cases. However, once convinced of corroborated, compelling and competent evidence, procurators fiscal could proceed with cases, that often ran contrary to higher legal or forensic opinion. Once in court, analysis of jury gender composition, victim’s age, degree of association with the accused and notions of consent suggest that verdicts were evidence-based with class biases largely absent, although sentencing could be erratic. It is acknowledged that the ‘dark number’ of unreported and reported-but-unprosecuted crimes may not follow similar trends, but the prosecuted cases analysed in this thesis may offer insights into these unquantifiable, invisible crimes.
2020-12-02T00:00:00ZHeren, LouiseThis thesis examines social and judicial attitudes towards sexual violence in Scotland between November 1918 and December 1930. Based on a survey of over 700 sexual violence cases prosecuted at the High Court of Justiciary, it addresses three key research questions: who committed sexual violence against whom; what were the spatial and social geographies of these crimes, and how did the judiciary respond? The records suggest that sexual violence was committed by working-class males against women and children of their own class, and that while incest involved mainly pubertal victims, rape was a crime prosecuted equally against minors and adult females. The thesis explores reasons for this difference including the ability of the victim to report an assault. The absence of either middle-class perpetrators or victims from the records may reveal a lack of cross-class transgressions as well as different prosecuting practices for middle-class males. It also argues that the preponderance of prosecutions in Glasgow compared to Scotland’s other urban centres and rural areas cannot be explained by contemporaries’ correlation of domestic over-crowding with sexual violence. Finally, Scots Law and its reliance on nine regional procurators fiscal operating under a single legal code may have limited the scope for personal decision-making and ‘sifting’ of cases. However, once convinced of corroborated, compelling and competent evidence, procurators fiscal could proceed with cases, that often ran contrary to higher legal or forensic opinion. Once in court, analysis of jury gender composition, victim’s age, degree of association with the accused and notions of consent suggest that verdicts were evidence-based with class biases largely absent, although sentencing could be erratic. It is acknowledged that the ‘dark number’ of unreported and reported-but-unprosecuted crimes may not follow similar trends, but the prosecuted cases analysed in this thesis may offer insights into these unquantifiable, invisible crimes.The Episcopal Church of Scotland, 1660-1685Carter, Andrew Patersonhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/189612021-04-07T13:19:38Z2019-06-27T00:00:00ZThe restoration of episcopacy in the Church of Scotland in 1661 was a deeply divisive event, sparking
the resignation of around a quarter of the clergy and initiating a large dissenting movement of
presbyterians. This thesis examines how the established episcopal church coped in an age of
religious pluralism, and how it convinced a generation of presbyterian clergy to accept bishops
despite having sworn the National Covenant and the Solemn League and Covenant, which seemed to
preclude them. James Sharp, Archbishop of St Andrews, has primarily been seen as a political
operator, who may or may not have betrayed Scottish presbyterianism in return for a mitre in the
early 1660s; this thesis looks at him as a churchman and recovers his and his colleagues’ view of
Restoration episcopacy. Chapter One re-examines the events of 1660 and 1661 and finds that, far
from helping restore bishops, Sharp worked with other clergy in a campaign to prove that
presbyterianism could coexist with the newly restored monarchy. When this failed and bishops were
restored, Archbishop Sharp and his colleagues persuaded a sceptical ministry to conform to
episcopacy by pursuing an inclusive settlement and accepting a number of ecclesiological
compromises, explored in Chapter Two. The difficulties of running such a broad church are
considered in Chapter Three: the boundaries between conformity and non-conformity were more
porous than historians have thought, and this chapter moves beyond simple binaries to describe
how some lay people developed unique patterns of parochial non-conformity, picking between
conforming clergy. Chapter Four looks at the attempts to deal with dissent through Indulgence and
Accommodation schemes associated with Bishop Robert Leighton, and why they failed. Lastly,
Chapter Five provides the first account of the royal supremacy in Restoration Scotland, and how the
established church resisted Erastian control by the state.
2019-06-27T00:00:00ZCarter, Andrew PatersonThe restoration of episcopacy in the Church of Scotland in 1661 was a deeply divisive event, sparking
the resignation of around a quarter of the clergy and initiating a large dissenting movement of
presbyterians. This thesis examines how the established episcopal church coped in an age of
religious pluralism, and how it convinced a generation of presbyterian clergy to accept bishops
despite having sworn the National Covenant and the Solemn League and Covenant, which seemed to
preclude them. James Sharp, Archbishop of St Andrews, has primarily been seen as a political
operator, who may or may not have betrayed Scottish presbyterianism in return for a mitre in the
early 1660s; this thesis looks at him as a churchman and recovers his and his colleagues’ view of
Restoration episcopacy. Chapter One re-examines the events of 1660 and 1661 and finds that, far
from helping restore bishops, Sharp worked with other clergy in a campaign to prove that
presbyterianism could coexist with the newly restored monarchy. When this failed and bishops were
restored, Archbishop Sharp and his colleagues persuaded a sceptical ministry to conform to
episcopacy by pursuing an inclusive settlement and accepting a number of ecclesiological
compromises, explored in Chapter Two. The difficulties of running such a broad church are
considered in Chapter Three: the boundaries between conformity and non-conformity were more
porous than historians have thought, and this chapter moves beyond simple binaries to describe
how some lay people developed unique patterns of parochial non-conformity, picking between
conforming clergy. Chapter Four looks at the attempts to deal with dissent through Indulgence and
Accommodation schemes associated with Bishop Robert Leighton, and why they failed. Lastly,
Chapter Five provides the first account of the royal supremacy in Restoration Scotland, and how the
established church resisted Erastian control by the state.Principal Sir James Donaldson : education and political patronage in Victorian ScotlandScott Lowson, Alberthttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/183732019-08-27T02:05:39Z1988-07-07T00:00:00ZThis thesis evaluates the career of James Donaldson whose life spans the
long ascendancy of the Liberal Party in Scotland. Particular attention is accorded
his contribution to Scottish education - at
primary, secondary and University
level - and the significance of political alignment in determining appointees to
many positions at this time. Donaldson's life illustrates how social mobility
could be achieved in Victorian Scotland when the structure of Scottish society
presented features distinguishing it from that in England and which tended to
seriously impede upward movement. Yet neither poverty nor illegitimacy
necessarily proved insurmountable handicaps when ability attracted the benevolent
interest of men enjoying influence and connection in the educational world.
Recognizing Donaldson s potential, men of established position ensured
his appointment to positions worthy of his talents. This - patronage seeking
nothing in return beyond the satisfaction of helping an able young man move ahead
despite a disadvantaged background - led on to the benefits of political
patronage which opened to Donaldson consequent on his friendship with Lord
Rosebery. Such patronage, while securing positions for the favoured, was in the
nature of reward for services rendered. Men like Professor John Blackie ensured
Donaldson's rise to the forefront of the professional middle class but it was
access to the influence and connections of the nobility which facilitated his
promotion from a rector - albeit of the most prestigious burgh school in
Scotland - to the much smaller academic world of the Scottish Universities and
effortlessly admitted him to the world of the still essentially landed aristocracy
who with their interconnected webs of relationships and connections exercised a
dominating influence in the social and political life of Britain.
From original sources not only is Donaldson's stature as a Scottish
educationalist for a
period exceeding sixty years unequivocally established
but also the extent and
importance, formerly unappreciated, of his involvement
in the high summer of Liberal politics.
1988-07-07T00:00:00ZScott Lowson, AlbertThis thesis evaluates the career of James Donaldson whose life spans the
long ascendancy of the Liberal Party in Scotland. Particular attention is accorded
his contribution to Scottish education - at
primary, secondary and University
level - and the significance of political alignment in determining appointees to
many positions at this time. Donaldson's life illustrates how social mobility
could be achieved in Victorian Scotland when the structure of Scottish society
presented features distinguishing it from that in England and which tended to
seriously impede upward movement. Yet neither poverty nor illegitimacy
necessarily proved insurmountable handicaps when ability attracted the benevolent
interest of men enjoying influence and connection in the educational world.
Recognizing Donaldson s potential, men of established position ensured
his appointment to positions worthy of his talents. This - patronage seeking
nothing in return beyond the satisfaction of helping an able young man move ahead
despite a disadvantaged background - led on to the benefits of political
patronage which opened to Donaldson consequent on his friendship with Lord
Rosebery. Such patronage, while securing positions for the favoured, was in the
nature of reward for services rendered. Men like Professor John Blackie ensured
Donaldson's rise to the forefront of the professional middle class but it was
access to the influence and connections of the nobility which facilitated his
promotion from a rector - albeit of the most prestigious burgh school in
Scotland - to the much smaller academic world of the Scottish Universities and
effortlessly admitted him to the world of the still essentially landed aristocracy
who with their interconnected webs of relationships and connections exercised a
dominating influence in the social and political life of Britain.
From original sources not only is Donaldson's stature as a Scottish
educationalist for a
period exceeding sixty years unequivocally established
but also the extent and
importance, formerly unappreciated, of his involvement
in the high summer of Liberal politics.Making an Atlantic North Carolina : Scottish networks in the eighteenth centurySherman, Kimberlyhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/172372019-07-16T09:49:04Z2018-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis examines the transatlantic networks of Scottish families who settled in North Carolina in the eighteenth century. Traditional historiography has characterized early North Carolina as an isolated and underdeveloped colony. By the eve of the American Revolution, however, the province experienced dynamic demographic and economic growth. This thesis argues that the networks built and maintained by Scots in North Carolina spurred this development and situated the colony into an Atlantic world. A disproportionate number of Scots entered the elite and professional classes of North Carolina during the eighteenth century, influencing colonial society, politics, economy and culture. Over the course of the eighteenth century, Scots employed their “intimate” networks based on kinship, obligation, and trust to both seek out and offer patronage, advice, and support during the migration process. These transatlantic networks were strengthened by familiar correspondence, which helped maintain a sense of intimacy among kin despite the vast distances between individuals. As Scots settled in North Carolina, they drew on these transatlantic networks repeatedly. They sought to elaborate kin connections locally by strategically weaving their families into the burgeoning colonial society and solidifying the elite through wealth and political power. Family connections also bled into Scottish professional networks based on shared Scottishness, trust, and reciprocity to ensure the economic development of North Carolina’s port towns and backcountry while encouraging overseas trade. As the American Revolution broke out in the 1770s, the extensive networks of Scots became both a liability and a source of aid. Loyalist Scots relied heavily on their intimate networks around the Atlantic in mitigating the effects of dislocation—underlining the extent and strength of their transatlantic connections in times of conflict. This thesis reimagines North Carolina as an Atlantic colony that found its position in the world through the connections of its Scottish inhabitants.
2018-01-01T00:00:00ZSherman, KimberlyThis thesis examines the transatlantic networks of Scottish families who settled in North Carolina in the eighteenth century. Traditional historiography has characterized early North Carolina as an isolated and underdeveloped colony. By the eve of the American Revolution, however, the province experienced dynamic demographic and economic growth. This thesis argues that the networks built and maintained by Scots in North Carolina spurred this development and situated the colony into an Atlantic world. A disproportionate number of Scots entered the elite and professional classes of North Carolina during the eighteenth century, influencing colonial society, politics, economy and culture. Over the course of the eighteenth century, Scots employed their “intimate” networks based on kinship, obligation, and trust to both seek out and offer patronage, advice, and support during the migration process. These transatlantic networks were strengthened by familiar correspondence, which helped maintain a sense of intimacy among kin despite the vast distances between individuals. As Scots settled in North Carolina, they drew on these transatlantic networks repeatedly. They sought to elaborate kin connections locally by strategically weaving their families into the burgeoning colonial society and solidifying the elite through wealth and political power. Family connections also bled into Scottish professional networks based on shared Scottishness, trust, and reciprocity to ensure the economic development of North Carolina’s port towns and backcountry while encouraging overseas trade. As the American Revolution broke out in the 1770s, the extensive networks of Scots became both a liability and a source of aid. Loyalist Scots relied heavily on their intimate networks around the Atlantic in mitigating the effects of dislocation—underlining the extent and strength of their transatlantic connections in times of conflict. This thesis reimagines North Carolina as an Atlantic colony that found its position in the world through the connections of its Scottish inhabitants.Mechanisms of foreign trade: re-evaluating the power of the Scottish mercantile elite in the late middle agesEberlin, Amyhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/167182024-01-19T03:06:08Z2017-02-10T00:00:00ZThis thesis presents a re-evaluation of the traditional narrative of power in late medieval Scotland, focusing on the power and influence wielded by the Scottish mercantile community from 1320 to 1513. The fluidity of this professionally-defined community is considered, as is its importance in the mechanisms of Scotland’s profitable wool trade with Flanders. It is argued that the merchant community of late medieval Scotland, and the informal trade networks formed within it, provided commercial and financial protections for the transportation of goods abroad, which were not extended by the guilds merchant of Scotland. The influence of Scotland’s mercantile community over the implementation of pro-mercantile legislation at a national and local level is, then, considered. The introduction of the failed thirteenth-century royal marriage of Alexander, prince of Scotland, and Margaret of Flanders and the resulting economic protectionist legislation is argued to have been the first introduction of such parliamentary acts in the Scotto-Flemish trade relationship. The examples of the expulsion of Flemings from Scotland in 1347 and the threatened forfeiture of merchants in 1425 are analysed as examples of the Scottish crown’s use of pro-mercantile legislation to garner the support of their mercantile elite. It is then argued that the implementation of pro-mercantile legislation was also driven by Scottish merchants and the pursuit of their commercial interests, analysing legislation which encouraged communal freighting and restricted the personnel of overseas trade. The expression of the power and influence of Scotland’s mercantile elite was not limited to national and local politics. It could be seen through their appointment as ambassadors in commercial negotiations between Scotland and Flanders and their pursuit of improved mercantile protections and renewed trade. The concept of a specialist ambassador is presented and it is argued that they were utilised in Scotto-Flemish negotiations because of their personal or familial practical knowledge of overseas trade, their social and political status, and their ability to faithfully represent the Scottish crown. The case study of the Lauder family, prominent merchant burgesses originally from Lothian, and their network is used to argue that specialist ambassadors were drawn from a small, self-perpetuating pool of qualified Scottish merchants, who formed bonds, through marriage, and relationships, through geographic proximity and shared occupations, with other prominent overseas merchants. The interconnected nature of the Lauder network stands as an example of the ways in which late medieval Scottish merchants sought to retain control of the mechanisms of local governance and overseas trade.
2017-02-10T00:00:00ZEberlin, AmyThis thesis presents a re-evaluation of the traditional narrative of power in late medieval Scotland, focusing on the power and influence wielded by the Scottish mercantile community from 1320 to 1513. The fluidity of this professionally-defined community is considered, as is its importance in the mechanisms of Scotland’s profitable wool trade with Flanders. It is argued that the merchant community of late medieval Scotland, and the informal trade networks formed within it, provided commercial and financial protections for the transportation of goods abroad, which were not extended by the guilds merchant of Scotland. The influence of Scotland’s mercantile community over the implementation of pro-mercantile legislation at a national and local level is, then, considered. The introduction of the failed thirteenth-century royal marriage of Alexander, prince of Scotland, and Margaret of Flanders and the resulting economic protectionist legislation is argued to have been the first introduction of such parliamentary acts in the Scotto-Flemish trade relationship. The examples of the expulsion of Flemings from Scotland in 1347 and the threatened forfeiture of merchants in 1425 are analysed as examples of the Scottish crown’s use of pro-mercantile legislation to garner the support of their mercantile elite. It is then argued that the implementation of pro-mercantile legislation was also driven by Scottish merchants and the pursuit of their commercial interests, analysing legislation which encouraged communal freighting and restricted the personnel of overseas trade. The expression of the power and influence of Scotland’s mercantile elite was not limited to national and local politics. It could be seen through their appointment as ambassadors in commercial negotiations between Scotland and Flanders and their pursuit of improved mercantile protections and renewed trade. The concept of a specialist ambassador is presented and it is argued that they were utilised in Scotto-Flemish negotiations because of their personal or familial practical knowledge of overseas trade, their social and political status, and their ability to faithfully represent the Scottish crown. The case study of the Lauder family, prominent merchant burgesses originally from Lothian, and their network is used to argue that specialist ambassadors were drawn from a small, self-perpetuating pool of qualified Scottish merchants, who formed bonds, through marriage, and relationships, through geographic proximity and shared occupations, with other prominent overseas merchants. The interconnected nature of the Lauder network stands as an example of the ways in which late medieval Scottish merchants sought to retain control of the mechanisms of local governance and overseas trade.Scottish unionist ideology, 1886-1965Wales, Jonathan Masonhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/164452021-08-16T15:31:49Z2018-12-07T00:00:00ZThis dissertation examines Scottish unionist political thought and intellectual history in the period from 1885-1886 to 1965. It provides an analytical examination of unionist positions examining such areas as political history, ecclesiology, sectarianism, historiography and unionist-nationalist sentiment. It contextualises unionist thought within Scotland's history and offers findings based on both archival and primary sources research along with a thorough background of historiography. It both contextualises and examines the complexities of Scottish unionism during this vital period between the Liberal Party's split over Irish Home Rule until the reorganisation of the Scottish Unionist Party in 1965. It illuminates the spectrum of unionist discourse during this period and demonstrates the complexities of Scotland's constitutional and cultural relationship with the rest of the United Kingdom.
2018-12-07T00:00:00ZWales, Jonathan MasonThis dissertation examines Scottish unionist political thought and intellectual history in the period from 1885-1886 to 1965. It provides an analytical examination of unionist positions examining such areas as political history, ecclesiology, sectarianism, historiography and unionist-nationalist sentiment. It contextualises unionist thought within Scotland's history and offers findings based on both archival and primary sources research along with a thorough background of historiography. It both contextualises and examines the complexities of Scottish unionism during this vital period between the Liberal Party's split over Irish Home Rule until the reorganisation of the Scottish Unionist Party in 1965. It illuminates the spectrum of unionist discourse during this period and demonstrates the complexities of Scotland's constitutional and cultural relationship with the rest of the United Kingdom.Coalminers' housing in Fife : company housing and social relations in Fife mining communities, 1870-1930O' Halloran, Veronica Annehttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/146382019-03-29T16:13:42Z1993-07-01T00:00:00ZFife coal-owners owned their workers houses and controlled the processes of housing provision and allocation. They were both employers and landlords. As a result the spheres of home and work were inextricably linked. This thesis examines the nature of the social relations arising from this "tied" relationship in the light of both local and national, political, economic and social developments, between 1870 and 1930. The themes of deference, paternalism, community, socialisation and social control, and the residual effects of pre-existing social relations, particularly pre-industrial relations of production, are explored. The empirical research concentrates upon the analysis of two coal companies in particular; the Fife Coal Company Ltd. and the Wemyss Coal Company. These companies operated coal mines in contrasting geographical locations; the former throughout inland west Fife and the latter along coastal south-east Fife. Each company built rows of colliers' houses in close proximity to the mines. At the beginning of the period housing for coal-miners was provided, not by speculative builders on the open market, but, by the coal-owners through their company architects and sub-contractors. Houses were provided as part of the employment contract as a means of attracting and maintaining the workforce. By the end of the period, the State, through the agency of local authorities, was the principal provider of working class housing in mining communities; coal companies had withdrawn from the housing market. The thesis attempts to explain this process in terms of changing social relations of production.
1993-07-01T00:00:00ZO' Halloran, Veronica AnneFife coal-owners owned their workers houses and controlled the processes of housing provision and allocation. They were both employers and landlords. As a result the spheres of home and work were inextricably linked. This thesis examines the nature of the social relations arising from this "tied" relationship in the light of both local and national, political, economic and social developments, between 1870 and 1930. The themes of deference, paternalism, community, socialisation and social control, and the residual effects of pre-existing social relations, particularly pre-industrial relations of production, are explored. The empirical research concentrates upon the analysis of two coal companies in particular; the Fife Coal Company Ltd. and the Wemyss Coal Company. These companies operated coal mines in contrasting geographical locations; the former throughout inland west Fife and the latter along coastal south-east Fife. Each company built rows of colliers' houses in close proximity to the mines. At the beginning of the period housing for coal-miners was provided, not by speculative builders on the open market, but, by the coal-owners through their company architects and sub-contractors. Houses were provided as part of the employment contract as a means of attracting and maintaining the workforce. By the end of the period, the State, through the agency of local authorities, was the principal provider of working class housing in mining communities; coal companies had withdrawn from the housing market. The thesis attempts to explain this process in terms of changing social relations of production.The Glasgow tobacco merchants and the American Revolution, 1770-1800Butler, Stuart M.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/146312019-03-29T16:14:19Z1978-03-01T00:00:00ZThe tobacco trade formed the basis of the Chesapeake economy during the Eighteenth Century. Tobacco was shipped to Britain during the -colonial period, in accordance with the Navigation Acts, and then sold in European markets. The French market increased rapidly during the first half of the century, and the Glasgow tobacco companies took the lead in supplying the French monopoly administered by the Farmers General. The Scots gained the advantage over other British merchants by setting up networks of stores to facilitate the collection of tobacco and the sale of goods, and by devising an extensive credit system to cater for the needs of the smaller planters in the Piedmont. The Scottish merchants were in fierce competition with each other, and with English merchants. This competition ensured that the planters were not, to any significant degree, exploited by the merchants. In many cases, the planters were able to combine in order to extract very favourable prices and credit facilities. The Scots were a closely-knit community, and although many left the Glasgow companies to become independent traders they were seen as outsiders. Radical propagandists encouraged this feeling in order to arouse anti-British sentiment. The allegations levelled against the Scots, however, were largely groundless. When war broke out a large proportion of the Scots left the Chesapeake, and the assets of the Glasgow companies were seized. Nevertheless, the Scots set up a system of agents in New York and the West Indies, both to supply the rebelling colonies with goods in exchange for tobacco wherever this was practicable, and to have channels available for a speedy return to the Chesapeake whenever peace was declared. After the war significant numbers of Scots returned to the Chesapeake, in order to collect debts and to trade in goods and tobacco. Many planters returned to their pre-war Scots companies, and trade once again fell into the colonial pattern. Britain dominated the carrying trade, the only major difference being that it was now not necessary to call at a British port before proceeding to Europe, other than to collect orders. The readiness of planters to return to the old pattern of trade suggests that it was advantageous to the Americans, and not a mere product of the Navigation Acts. The Scots were not successful in using trade after the war as a means of recovering debt; and with the outbreak of war in Europe, most companies closed their stores and relied on the assistance of the British government to recovery debts. Yet many of the Scots factors remained in the Chesapeake, and continued to trade and benefit the area.
1978-03-01T00:00:00ZButler, Stuart M.The tobacco trade formed the basis of the Chesapeake economy during the Eighteenth Century. Tobacco was shipped to Britain during the -colonial period, in accordance with the Navigation Acts, and then sold in European markets. The French market increased rapidly during the first half of the century, and the Glasgow tobacco companies took the lead in supplying the French monopoly administered by the Farmers General. The Scots gained the advantage over other British merchants by setting up networks of stores to facilitate the collection of tobacco and the sale of goods, and by devising an extensive credit system to cater for the needs of the smaller planters in the Piedmont. The Scottish merchants were in fierce competition with each other, and with English merchants. This competition ensured that the planters were not, to any significant degree, exploited by the merchants. In many cases, the planters were able to combine in order to extract very favourable prices and credit facilities. The Scots were a closely-knit community, and although many left the Glasgow companies to become independent traders they were seen as outsiders. Radical propagandists encouraged this feeling in order to arouse anti-British sentiment. The allegations levelled against the Scots, however, were largely groundless. When war broke out a large proportion of the Scots left the Chesapeake, and the assets of the Glasgow companies were seized. Nevertheless, the Scots set up a system of agents in New York and the West Indies, both to supply the rebelling colonies with goods in exchange for tobacco wherever this was practicable, and to have channels available for a speedy return to the Chesapeake whenever peace was declared. After the war significant numbers of Scots returned to the Chesapeake, in order to collect debts and to trade in goods and tobacco. Many planters returned to their pre-war Scots companies, and trade once again fell into the colonial pattern. Britain dominated the carrying trade, the only major difference being that it was now not necessary to call at a British port before proceeding to Europe, other than to collect orders. The readiness of planters to return to the old pattern of trade suggests that it was advantageous to the Americans, and not a mere product of the Navigation Acts. The Scots were not successful in using trade after the war as a means of recovering debt; and with the outbreak of war in Europe, most companies closed their stores and relied on the assistance of the British government to recovery debts. Yet many of the Scots factors remained in the Chesapeake, and continued to trade and benefit the area.The development of the Scottish railway system to 1844Robertson, Charles James Alanhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/145152019-08-26T10:55:22Z1982-07-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis traces the development of the Scottish railway system from the horse-drawn waggonways of the eighteenth century to the eve of the railway mania of the mid-1840s. It includes discussion of most aspect, of railway history in the period, but concentrates on the planning and formation of the various companies, the problems and achievements associated with the construction of the railways, and their financial record up to 1844, The first chapter considers the waggonways created between 1722 and 1824, generally by mineral proprietors, for the conveyance of coal either to water transport or to ironworks. From the limited available evidence an attempt is made to analyse their impact on coal traffic, particularly: to the cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, and to estimate their costs of construction. More detailed examination is then made of the abortive early nineteenth century plans for long distance waggonways not entirely dependent on mineral traffic. In the 1820s the advent of the locomotive, the greater length of most lines, a substantial increase in traffic volumes, and a consequent increase in costs led to greater capital requirements, wider share ownership, and the need for parliamentary authorisation and compulsory powers for land purchase. The result was the coal railways, concentrated principally in north Lanarkshire and for the first time offering a direct challenge to the canals, which are discussed in chapter 2. Chapters 3 and 4 concentrate on the inter-urban lines authorised after 1835 the central belt and in Angus. These lines, influenced by the example of the Liverpool & Manchester, moved away from the earlier concentration on minerals to a more varied freight traffic and in particular to catering for large numbers of passengers. Chapter 3 discussed the projectors of the lines, the problems of promotion up to the time of parliamentary authorisation and, by examination of company subscription contracts, the sources of finance. Chapter 4, based on a detailed analysis of company accounts, examines the wide discrepancies between original estimates and eventual costs by considering the various subsections of constructional expenditure - parliamentary costs, land, engineering, works, rolling stock and so on. Also examined is the record after opening on current account, with reference in particular to the level of working expenditure and to the boom in passenger traffic; comment is also made on difficulties caused by government taxation policy, by Sabbatarian pressures, and by inter-action with road and water transport. The various projects to link Scotland and England by rail are discussed in chapter 5. The obvious desire for a trans-border line was complicated by uncertainties over routes, engineering difficulties, limited traffic prospects, and the common belief that not more than one such line could be made to pay. Even so three lines had been authorised by 1846, and in this chapter the chronological bounds of the study have been slightly extended to include the creation of the Caledonian and the Glasgow Dumfries & Carlisle. The final chapter ties together the main threads of the argument, briefly examines the effect of English influences and the limited economic impact of these early lines, and looks forward to the railway mania.
1982-07-01T00:00:00ZRobertson, Charles James AlanThis thesis traces the development of the Scottish railway system from the horse-drawn waggonways of the eighteenth century to the eve of the railway mania of the mid-1840s. It includes discussion of most aspect, of railway history in the period, but concentrates on the planning and formation of the various companies, the problems and achievements associated with the construction of the railways, and their financial record up to 1844, The first chapter considers the waggonways created between 1722 and 1824, generally by mineral proprietors, for the conveyance of coal either to water transport or to ironworks. From the limited available evidence an attempt is made to analyse their impact on coal traffic, particularly: to the cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, and to estimate their costs of construction. More detailed examination is then made of the abortive early nineteenth century plans for long distance waggonways not entirely dependent on mineral traffic. In the 1820s the advent of the locomotive, the greater length of most lines, a substantial increase in traffic volumes, and a consequent increase in costs led to greater capital requirements, wider share ownership, and the need for parliamentary authorisation and compulsory powers for land purchase. The result was the coal railways, concentrated principally in north Lanarkshire and for the first time offering a direct challenge to the canals, which are discussed in chapter 2. Chapters 3 and 4 concentrate on the inter-urban lines authorised after 1835 the central belt and in Angus. These lines, influenced by the example of the Liverpool & Manchester, moved away from the earlier concentration on minerals to a more varied freight traffic and in particular to catering for large numbers of passengers. Chapter 3 discussed the projectors of the lines, the problems of promotion up to the time of parliamentary authorisation and, by examination of company subscription contracts, the sources of finance. Chapter 4, based on a detailed analysis of company accounts, examines the wide discrepancies between original estimates and eventual costs by considering the various subsections of constructional expenditure - parliamentary costs, land, engineering, works, rolling stock and so on. Also examined is the record after opening on current account, with reference in particular to the level of working expenditure and to the boom in passenger traffic; comment is also made on difficulties caused by government taxation policy, by Sabbatarian pressures, and by inter-action with road and water transport. The various projects to link Scotland and England by rail are discussed in chapter 5. The obvious desire for a trans-border line was complicated by uncertainties over routes, engineering difficulties, limited traffic prospects, and the common belief that not more than one such line could be made to pay. Even so three lines had been authorised by 1846, and in this chapter the chronological bounds of the study have been slightly extended to include the creation of the Caledonian and the Glasgow Dumfries & Carlisle. The final chapter ties together the main threads of the argument, briefly examines the effect of English influences and the limited economic impact of these early lines, and looks forward to the railway mania.Organisational culture and service quality : an exploratory case study based investigation of Scottish universities' residential functionHammady, Sherief H.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/145012019-03-29T16:14:24Z1999-12-01T00:00:00ZResearch on the relationship between organisational culture and service quality is still in its early stages. Mostly, the evidence in such research tends to be either prescriptive or anecdotal. Based on the literature survey conducted it is the purpose of this study to offer a framework by which both concepts could be integrated. Utilising an exploratory case study design, qualitative and quantitative data from two Scottish Universities' student residential service has been collected. Quantitative data was collected through student service quality questionnaires. Performance based measurement was deemed the most appropriate. Qualitative data was gathered through in-depth interviews with members of the service as well as the examination of organisational publications. Association between questionnaire variables as well as the coding of the qualitative data, formed the backbone of two case studies examining the interaction between organisational culture and service quality. It has been demonstrated from the data the utility of the framework, in terms of data fit as well as explanatory power. It has been found in the results that the existing organisational cultures put more of an emphasis on tangible aspects of the service package. However, this research aims to demonstrate that an equal emphasis on the intangible service aspects is needed. That is potentially, the intangibles may offer more in terms of the enhancement of the service experience. Consequently, organisational culture analysis is put forward as the means for enhancing the intangibles of the service.
1999-12-01T00:00:00ZHammady, Sherief H.Research on the relationship between organisational culture and service quality is still in its early stages. Mostly, the evidence in such research tends to be either prescriptive or anecdotal. Based on the literature survey conducted it is the purpose of this study to offer a framework by which both concepts could be integrated. Utilising an exploratory case study design, qualitative and quantitative data from two Scottish Universities' student residential service has been collected. Quantitative data was collected through student service quality questionnaires. Performance based measurement was deemed the most appropriate. Qualitative data was gathered through in-depth interviews with members of the service as well as the examination of organisational publications. Association between questionnaire variables as well as the coding of the qualitative data, formed the backbone of two case studies examining the interaction between organisational culture and service quality. It has been demonstrated from the data the utility of the framework, in terms of data fit as well as explanatory power. It has been found in the results that the existing organisational cultures put more of an emphasis on tangible aspects of the service package. However, this research aims to demonstrate that an equal emphasis on the intangible service aspects is needed. That is potentially, the intangibles may offer more in terms of the enhancement of the service experience. Consequently, organisational culture analysis is put forward as the means for enhancing the intangibles of the service.The situation of women in seventeenth century Fife : as illustrated by the records of the Church courtsBelof, Margaret M.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/144882021-08-06T12:05:45Z1991-07-01T00:00:00ZWomen, particularly those from the lower ranks in society, have received little attention from historians. In part this is due to the limited nature of the available sources. The present thesis is largely based on evidence taken from the records of the post-Reformation church courts, particularly kirk sessions and presbyteries. These offer the best source for a study of low-life social conditions in the early-modern period and often the only source as far as low-ranking women are concerned. Furthermore, unlike the clientele of civil and criminal courts, almost as many women as men appeared before the church courts. Court records naturally emphasise deviancy but, by extension they can indicate what was considered normal and desirable behaviour. In order to put deviancy into perspective, reference is made to certain other sources, particularly diaries, even although these were written by a higher-ranking section of society than the miscreants who were hauled up before the kirk session. Sexual offences, particularly fornication and adultery, formed the staple business of the church courts. As with other offences, these have been examined both on a quantitative and a qualitative basis to show change and stability in the pattern of offences and to give some indication, however fragmentary, of the expectations and reality of love, courtship and marriage for the lower ranks. Witchcraft was the most sensational and serious offence prosecuted although it was not as common as has often been supposed. Its importance lies in the fact that the witch embodied a negative image of womankind, a symbol of all that was feared and reviled in women in the seventeenth century. The final chapter deals with a miscellany of offences against religion and good order Sabbath-breaking, drinking, conventicling and recusancy, assault, riot, infanticide, slander, flyting and scolding. Women were heavily involved in some, but not all of these offences. Although women suffered discrimination in civil and political rights, church court records suggest that among lower-ranking men and women there was a greater degree of equality in practice than was allowed in theory.
1991-07-01T00:00:00ZBelof, Margaret M.Women, particularly those from the lower ranks in society, have received little attention from historians. In part this is due to the limited nature of the available sources. The present thesis is largely based on evidence taken from the records of the post-Reformation church courts, particularly kirk sessions and presbyteries. These offer the best source for a study of low-life social conditions in the early-modern period and often the only source as far as low-ranking women are concerned. Furthermore, unlike the clientele of civil and criminal courts, almost as many women as men appeared before the church courts. Court records naturally emphasise deviancy but, by extension they can indicate what was considered normal and desirable behaviour. In order to put deviancy into perspective, reference is made to certain other sources, particularly diaries, even although these were written by a higher-ranking section of society than the miscreants who were hauled up before the kirk session. Sexual offences, particularly fornication and adultery, formed the staple business of the church courts. As with other offences, these have been examined both on a quantitative and a qualitative basis to show change and stability in the pattern of offences and to give some indication, however fragmentary, of the expectations and reality of love, courtship and marriage for the lower ranks. Witchcraft was the most sensational and serious offence prosecuted although it was not as common as has often been supposed. Its importance lies in the fact that the witch embodied a negative image of womankind, a symbol of all that was feared and reviled in women in the seventeenth century. The final chapter deals with a miscellany of offences against religion and good order Sabbath-breaking, drinking, conventicling and recusancy, assault, riot, infanticide, slander, flyting and scolding. Women were heavily involved in some, but not all of these offences. Although women suffered discrimination in civil and political rights, church court records suggest that among lower-ranking men and women there was a greater degree of equality in practice than was allowed in theory.The linen industry of Fife in the later eighteenth and nineteenth centuriesSteel, David I. A.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/144742019-03-29T16:13:34Z1975-01-01T00:00:00Z1975-01-01T00:00:00ZSteel, David I. A.The fishing industry and the development of tourism in St. Andrews and the East Neuk Burghs of Fife, c. 1785-1914Davies, Leehttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/142372019-03-29T16:12:26Z1977-01-01T00:00:00ZThe thesis traces the development, between 1790 and 1914, of the two industries of fishing and tourism, which, by the end of the 19th century, dominated the economies of the Fife coastal burghs, stretching from St. Andrews to Earlsferry. Both industries expanded enormously throughout Scotland during the 19th century. Scotland's fisheries were long-established, but their prosperity after 1808 was based upon the rapid growth of the Scottish cured herring trade; the tourist industry, on the other hand, was a new area of economic activity, which developed with the ability of ever-increasing number of people to afford a holiday by the seaside. The East Neuk burghs had the potential for expansion in both industries. For centuries, fishing has been an important occupation in the area, and the re-appearance of large shoals of herrings in local fishing grounds, particularly in the period 1840-1865, was the impetus required to stimulate the growth of a flourishing local curing industry. Equally, with their beaches, sea-bathing facilities, golf links and picturesque surroundings, the burghs were equipped, to varying degrees, to attract holiday visitors, particularly since the extension of the railway system made the East Neuk readily accessible to the population of the nearby large urban centres of Central Scotland. The two Industries were not incompatible - Anstruther had both a prosperous fishing community and numerous summer visitors by 1914. Compatibility was largely dependant upon the character of the resort. In St. Andrews and Elie, tourism had developed early, with an emphasis upon 'gentility' and peaceful repose; the simultaneous development of a large scale fishing industry was subsequently considered inconceivable. Thus, the major fishing ports such as Anstruther, did not become size- able resorts until the close of the 19th century, when less affluent sectors of the population who were less fastidious in the facilities and lenities which they demanded were able to afford seaside holidays. Accommodation for summer visitors in Pittenweea, St, Monance and Anstruther, had not been available in the mid 19th century when the area had been one of Scotland's premier fishing districts; housing accommodation did not expand quickly enough to supply the demands of the rapidly increasing local population. The decline of the local fisheries after 1870 promoted a rationalisation of the fishing industry. Larger and better boats were invested in, and though the fleet remained "based upon the East Neuk, catches were made and landed in other districts in Scotland, England, and Ireland. However, even the need for increased capital outlay, particularly with the development of steam fishing boats, did not cause successful large fishing companies to become established, and in 1914, as in 1790, the fishing community was still a close knit, independent and distinctive feature of the East Neuk fishing ports.
1977-01-01T00:00:00ZDavies, LeeThe thesis traces the development, between 1790 and 1914, of the two industries of fishing and tourism, which, by the end of the 19th century, dominated the economies of the Fife coastal burghs, stretching from St. Andrews to Earlsferry. Both industries expanded enormously throughout Scotland during the 19th century. Scotland's fisheries were long-established, but their prosperity after 1808 was based upon the rapid growth of the Scottish cured herring trade; the tourist industry, on the other hand, was a new area of economic activity, which developed with the ability of ever-increasing number of people to afford a holiday by the seaside. The East Neuk burghs had the potential for expansion in both industries. For centuries, fishing has been an important occupation in the area, and the re-appearance of large shoals of herrings in local fishing grounds, particularly in the period 1840-1865, was the impetus required to stimulate the growth of a flourishing local curing industry. Equally, with their beaches, sea-bathing facilities, golf links and picturesque surroundings, the burghs were equipped, to varying degrees, to attract holiday visitors, particularly since the extension of the railway system made the East Neuk readily accessible to the population of the nearby large urban centres of Central Scotland. The two Industries were not incompatible - Anstruther had both a prosperous fishing community and numerous summer visitors by 1914. Compatibility was largely dependant upon the character of the resort. In St. Andrews and Elie, tourism had developed early, with an emphasis upon 'gentility' and peaceful repose; the simultaneous development of a large scale fishing industry was subsequently considered inconceivable. Thus, the major fishing ports such as Anstruther, did not become size- able resorts until the close of the 19th century, when less affluent sectors of the population who were less fastidious in the facilities and lenities which they demanded were able to afford seaside holidays. Accommodation for summer visitors in Pittenweea, St, Monance and Anstruther, had not been available in the mid 19th century when the area had been one of Scotland's premier fishing districts; housing accommodation did not expand quickly enough to supply the demands of the rapidly increasing local population. The decline of the local fisheries after 1870 promoted a rationalisation of the fishing industry. Larger and better boats were invested in, and though the fleet remained "based upon the East Neuk, catches were made and landed in other districts in Scotland, England, and Ireland. However, even the need for increased capital outlay, particularly with the development of steam fishing boats, did not cause successful large fishing companies to become established, and in 1914, as in 1790, the fishing community was still a close knit, independent and distinctive feature of the East Neuk fishing ports.The history of nature conservation and recreation in the Cairngorms, 1880-1980Lambert, Robert A.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/142292019-03-29T16:13:23Z1998-08-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis presents the history of nature conservation and recreation in the Cairngorms area of the eastern Highlands of Scotland, over the century 1880-1980. An introductory chapter sets the scene by describing the observations of travellers, sportsmen and naturalists who visited the area from c.1770. The study then traces the history of the National Park debate in the Cairngorms area (and to an extent, in Scotland), the history of the National Forest Park ideal focusing in on Glenmore, and the history of two National Nature Reserves, including the Cairngorms NNR (the largest in Great Britain). Other chapters address, within an historical framework, the public nature conservation success story of the Osprey on Speyside; the nineteenth and twentieth century rights of way debate and the question of access to mountains and moorland; the development of Aviemore and the Spey Valley as a year-round recreational playground and winter sports centre. Photography and film-making are highlighted as mediums through which nature conservation and recreation have been legitimised and popularised for a mass audience outside the Cairngorms area. The thesis discusses the background to the present landuse conflicts that have dogged the Cairngorms area from 1980, and may prove helpful to land-managers and policymakers in government, conservation and recreation bodies, as it charts the remarkable degree of change in attitudes to nature conservation and recreation witnessed in the Cairngorms. Recreation has always been seen to directly benefit more people, but it is the quality of the environment that supports that recreation. The Cairngorms represent a case study in this kind of conflict, which over the past century has become increasingly common in the UK, Europe and North America. The work is a contribution to the construction of a modem environmental history of Great Britain.
1998-08-01T00:00:00ZLambert, Robert A.This thesis presents the history of nature conservation and recreation in the Cairngorms area of the eastern Highlands of Scotland, over the century 1880-1980. An introductory chapter sets the scene by describing the observations of travellers, sportsmen and naturalists who visited the area from c.1770. The study then traces the history of the National Park debate in the Cairngorms area (and to an extent, in Scotland), the history of the National Forest Park ideal focusing in on Glenmore, and the history of two National Nature Reserves, including the Cairngorms NNR (the largest in Great Britain). Other chapters address, within an historical framework, the public nature conservation success story of the Osprey on Speyside; the nineteenth and twentieth century rights of way debate and the question of access to mountains and moorland; the development of Aviemore and the Spey Valley as a year-round recreational playground and winter sports centre. Photography and film-making are highlighted as mediums through which nature conservation and recreation have been legitimised and popularised for a mass audience outside the Cairngorms area. The thesis discusses the background to the present landuse conflicts that have dogged the Cairngorms area from 1980, and may prove helpful to land-managers and policymakers in government, conservation and recreation bodies, as it charts the remarkable degree of change in attitudes to nature conservation and recreation witnessed in the Cairngorms. Recreation has always been seen to directly benefit more people, but it is the quality of the environment that supports that recreation. The Cairngorms represent a case study in this kind of conflict, which over the past century has become increasingly common in the UK, Europe and North America. The work is a contribution to the construction of a modem environmental history of Great Britain.Early maritime ScotlandBuchanan, Elizabeth Annehttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/142242019-03-29T16:13:47Z1996-07-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis provides a general view of maritime Scotland from c. 10.000BP, the retreat of the last glacier of the Loch Lomond Stadial, until 1018AD, the first formal agreement upon the River Tweed as Scotland's southern border following the Battle of Carham. The thesis shows the importance of water upon the physical landscape and man's dependence upon water, and his ability to travel on it, to facilitate survival, social development, development of trade and to aid immigration throughout prehistoric and early mediaeval Scotland. Emphasis is given to the geomorphology of Scotland and the development of water transport throughout the time period covered.
1996-07-01T00:00:00ZBuchanan, Elizabeth AnneThis thesis provides a general view of maritime Scotland from c. 10.000BP, the retreat of the last glacier of the Loch Lomond Stadial, until 1018AD, the first formal agreement upon the River Tweed as Scotland's southern border following the Battle of Carham. The thesis shows the importance of water upon the physical landscape and man's dependence upon water, and his ability to travel on it, to facilitate survival, social development, development of trade and to aid immigration throughout prehistoric and early mediaeval Scotland. Emphasis is given to the geomorphology of Scotland and the development of water transport throughout the time period covered.The political role of the Three Estates in Parliament and General Council in Scotland, 1424-1488Tanner, Roland J.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/142162019-03-29T16:13:31Z1999-07-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis examines the political role of the three estates in the Scottish parliament and general council between 1424 and 1488. Previous histories of the Scottish parliament have judged it to be weak and constitutionally defective. By placing each meeting of the estates within the context of political events, examining the frequency of meetings, identifying previously unknown parliaments, and studying those who attended and sat on its committees, a more detailed picture of parliament's role and influence has been created. A broadly chronological approach has been used in order to place parliaments in the context of the time in which they sat. Chapters 1 and 2 examine parliament between the return of James I from England in 1424 and 1435 and show the opposition he faced regarding taxation and the developing noble and clerical resentment to attempts to extend royal authority in the secular and ecclesiastical spheres. Chapters 3 and 4 discuss the crisis in parliament and general council between 1436 and James I's death, its role in the establishment of a new minority government, and the interaction between the Crichton, Livingston and Douglas families between 1437 and 1449. Chapter 5 examines James IPs use of parliament as a tool against the Black Douglases between 1450 and 1455, while Chapter 6 shows parliament's ability to exert influence over royal lands and possessions and to criticise royal behaviour from 1455 to 1460. Chapter 7 shows the role of factions in parliament in the minority of James III, and their ability to undermine the government. Chapters 8, 9 and 10 discuss the campaign of criticism against James III in the 1470s, the parliamentary crisis that faced him in 1479-82, and the greater royal control exerted in the 1480s. Chapter 11 examines the lords of the articles between 1424 and 1485 and concludes that the committee was not, as has formerly been suggested, a royal board of control. In conclusion the Scottish parliament is judged to have played a leading role in political affairs, providing a forum in which the estates were able to criticise, oppose and defeat the crown over a broad range of issues.
1999-07-01T00:00:00ZTanner, Roland J.This thesis examines the political role of the three estates in the Scottish parliament and general council between 1424 and 1488. Previous histories of the Scottish parliament have judged it to be weak and constitutionally defective. By placing each meeting of the estates within the context of political events, examining the frequency of meetings, identifying previously unknown parliaments, and studying those who attended and sat on its committees, a more detailed picture of parliament's role and influence has been created. A broadly chronological approach has been used in order to place parliaments in the context of the time in which they sat. Chapters 1 and 2 examine parliament between the return of James I from England in 1424 and 1435 and show the opposition he faced regarding taxation and the developing noble and clerical resentment to attempts to extend royal authority in the secular and ecclesiastical spheres. Chapters 3 and 4 discuss the crisis in parliament and general council between 1436 and James I's death, its role in the establishment of a new minority government, and the interaction between the Crichton, Livingston and Douglas families between 1437 and 1449. Chapter 5 examines James IPs use of parliament as a tool against the Black Douglases between 1450 and 1455, while Chapter 6 shows parliament's ability to exert influence over royal lands and possessions and to criticise royal behaviour from 1455 to 1460. Chapter 7 shows the role of factions in parliament in the minority of James III, and their ability to undermine the government. Chapters 8, 9 and 10 discuss the campaign of criticism against James III in the 1470s, the parliamentary crisis that faced him in 1479-82, and the greater royal control exerted in the 1480s. Chapter 11 examines the lords of the articles between 1424 and 1485 and concludes that the committee was not, as has formerly been suggested, a royal board of control. In conclusion the Scottish parliament is judged to have played a leading role in political affairs, providing a forum in which the estates were able to criticise, oppose and defeat the crown over a broad range of issues.Geographical mobility in Angus, c.1780 - c.1830 : modernisation and motivationIngram, Jennifer A.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/142112019-03-29T16:12:22Z1992-07-01T00:00:00ZThe aim of this thesis is to investigate geographical mobility within Angus between 1780 and 1830 and to identify change and continuity in the levels, patterns and trends of movement. The relationships of mobility to modernising processes are examined in the social, urban and rural environments. Modernisation is seen as a set of forces which produced constraints and opportunities. Emphasis is placed on linking the individual to the wider social and economic context, although personal characteristics, motivations and perceptions are also seen as influential factors contributing to the decision-making process culminating in movement. The use of contemporary observations of individual writers furthers our understanding of views held in the past. Zelinsky's (1971) mobility transition model is used as a comparative tool and the early transitional stage is selected as the one most appropriate for the level of economic development of Angus during the study period. Patterns of mobility in Angus prove to be complex and made up of many different types of moves and movers. Important variations in patterns are linked in particular to gender, occupation, place of residence and motivation for movement. Spatial interaction between communities is analysed via courtship and marriage contacts. Directional bias reveals that the social environment was not separate from the economic environment. The urban areas, especially Dundee, were foci of development and population growth. Temporary and permanent mobility within the rural environment were at a high level, promoted by modernising processes. Country areas were not isolated but integrated economically with the urban centres. Stability existed in the countryside but changes in population distribution reveal a shift from a dispersed to a nucleated pattern. Processes promoting mobility changed over time and more people became mobile, although previous spatial patterns endured. Overall, geographical mobility patterns and trends in Angus between 1780 and 1830 show elements of continuity and change.
1992-07-01T00:00:00ZIngram, Jennifer A.The aim of this thesis is to investigate geographical mobility within Angus between 1780 and 1830 and to identify change and continuity in the levels, patterns and trends of movement. The relationships of mobility to modernising processes are examined in the social, urban and rural environments. Modernisation is seen as a set of forces which produced constraints and opportunities. Emphasis is placed on linking the individual to the wider social and economic context, although personal characteristics, motivations and perceptions are also seen as influential factors contributing to the decision-making process culminating in movement. The use of contemporary observations of individual writers furthers our understanding of views held in the past. Zelinsky's (1971) mobility transition model is used as a comparative tool and the early transitional stage is selected as the one most appropriate for the level of economic development of Angus during the study period. Patterns of mobility in Angus prove to be complex and made up of many different types of moves and movers. Important variations in patterns are linked in particular to gender, occupation, place of residence and motivation for movement. Spatial interaction between communities is analysed via courtship and marriage contacts. Directional bias reveals that the social environment was not separate from the economic environment. The urban areas, especially Dundee, were foci of development and population growth. Temporary and permanent mobility within the rural environment were at a high level, promoted by modernising processes. Country areas were not isolated but integrated economically with the urban centres. Stability existed in the countryside but changes in population distribution reveal a shift from a dispersed to a nucleated pattern. Processes promoting mobility changed over time and more people became mobile, although previous spatial patterns endured. Overall, geographical mobility patterns and trends in Angus between 1780 and 1830 show elements of continuity and change.The kingship of David II, 1329-71Penman, Michael A.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/142082019-03-29T16:14:04Z1999-05-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis examines the kingship of David II, king of Scots (1329-71), son of Robert Bruce (Robert I, 1306-29). It seeks to outline and assess just what style and policies of kingship David adopted and adapted to meet the rapidly changing circumstances of his reign. Chapter 1 assesses the legacy of kingship, patronage, civil war and diplomacy which the apparently successful usurper, Robert I, left to his five year old son and his supporters. Chapter 2 appraises the exercise of government, warfare and crown- magnate relations by the pro-Bruce Scots during David II's minority and exile in France (1329-41) in the face of the renewed military and political challenge of Edward Balliol, the Disinherited and Edward III of England. Chapter 3 interrupts the detailed narrative to present a thematic overview of David's kingship and his particular use of chivalric lordship as a means of raising and rewarding support for his court and policies (and how this lordship had to be modified in response to David's changing personal and political circumstances). Chapter 4 resumes the narrative analysis by investigating David's reassertion of Bruce royal authority in Scotland from June 1341 and how David's relations with his key subjects contributed directly to his capture in battle against England at Neville's Cross near Durham in October 1346.1 Chapter 5 looks at David's eleven year struggle to secure his release from captivity in England; in particular, it details the diplomatic deals with England which David proposed and the nature of the opposition in Scotland to these plans led by David's nephew and heir presumptive, Robert the Steward (Robert II, 1371-90). Chapter 6 examines David's reassertion of royal authority after October 1357 and the crisis in 1359 which was provoked by the crown's attempt to cancel the king's 100,000 merks ransom (which the Scots agreed to pay for David's release in 1357) by arranging a peace deal with England which included a place for a Plantagenet in the succession to the Scottish kingship. Chapter 7 evaluates David's reassertion of authority after the 1359 crisis and how his growing interference in the territorial and political interests of his greatest subjects - and his continued diplomatic manoeuvering - provoked the rebellion of Robert the Steward and the earls of Douglas and March against the crown in spring 1363. Chapter 8 assesses how David put down that rebellion and used his victory to attempt another Anglo-Scottish succession-peace deal, but without success. Chapter 9 examines David's continued efforts to secure an Anglo-Scottish succession-peace deal and to undermine the positions of his regional magnate opponents in Scotland; and how his failure to make real headway in these areas, and in the provision of a Bruce heir, threatened to provoke a further crown-magnate confrontation c. 1368-9. Chapter 10 analyses how David averted this impending crisis by divorcing his second wife and by seeking a third, backed by a strong magnate coalition; with this support David had begun to approach a position of unexampled authority and to exert his will over his magnate opponents by the time of his unexpected death in February 1371, aged just 47. The thesis is concluded with a summary evaluation of the unique style and policies of kingship which the pro-active David II had been able to develop to suit the rapidly changing circumstances of his reign. This style and these policies contributed to an arguably unprecedented level of royal authority in medieval Scotland; yet their ultimate aim and outcome remained unrealised and, to some extent, unpredictable.
1999-05-01T00:00:00ZPenman, Michael A.This thesis examines the kingship of David II, king of Scots (1329-71), son of Robert Bruce (Robert I, 1306-29). It seeks to outline and assess just what style and policies of kingship David adopted and adapted to meet the rapidly changing circumstances of his reign. Chapter 1 assesses the legacy of kingship, patronage, civil war and diplomacy which the apparently successful usurper, Robert I, left to his five year old son and his supporters. Chapter 2 appraises the exercise of government, warfare and crown- magnate relations by the pro-Bruce Scots during David II's minority and exile in France (1329-41) in the face of the renewed military and political challenge of Edward Balliol, the Disinherited and Edward III of England. Chapter 3 interrupts the detailed narrative to present a thematic overview of David's kingship and his particular use of chivalric lordship as a means of raising and rewarding support for his court and policies (and how this lordship had to be modified in response to David's changing personal and political circumstances). Chapter 4 resumes the narrative analysis by investigating David's reassertion of Bruce royal authority in Scotland from June 1341 and how David's relations with his key subjects contributed directly to his capture in battle against England at Neville's Cross near Durham in October 1346.1 Chapter 5 looks at David's eleven year struggle to secure his release from captivity in England; in particular, it details the diplomatic deals with England which David proposed and the nature of the opposition in Scotland to these plans led by David's nephew and heir presumptive, Robert the Steward (Robert II, 1371-90). Chapter 6 examines David's reassertion of royal authority after October 1357 and the crisis in 1359 which was provoked by the crown's attempt to cancel the king's 100,000 merks ransom (which the Scots agreed to pay for David's release in 1357) by arranging a peace deal with England which included a place for a Plantagenet in the succession to the Scottish kingship. Chapter 7 evaluates David's reassertion of authority after the 1359 crisis and how his growing interference in the territorial and political interests of his greatest subjects - and his continued diplomatic manoeuvering - provoked the rebellion of Robert the Steward and the earls of Douglas and March against the crown in spring 1363. Chapter 8 assesses how David put down that rebellion and used his victory to attempt another Anglo-Scottish succession-peace deal, but without success. Chapter 9 examines David's continued efforts to secure an Anglo-Scottish succession-peace deal and to undermine the positions of his regional magnate opponents in Scotland; and how his failure to make real headway in these areas, and in the provision of a Bruce heir, threatened to provoke a further crown-magnate confrontation c. 1368-9. Chapter 10 analyses how David averted this impending crisis by divorcing his second wife and by seeking a third, backed by a strong magnate coalition; with this support David had begun to approach a position of unexampled authority and to exert his will over his magnate opponents by the time of his unexpected death in February 1371, aged just 47. The thesis is concluded with a summary evaluation of the unique style and policies of kingship which the pro-active David II had been able to develop to suit the rapidly changing circumstances of his reign. This style and these policies contributed to an arguably unprecedented level of royal authority in medieval Scotland; yet their ultimate aim and outcome remained unrealised and, to some extent, unpredictable.Some aspects of early castle-building in ScotlandBogdan, Nicholas Quentinhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/142042019-03-29T16:12:35Z1979-12-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis consists of an examination of the origins and development, of various forms of castle erected in Scotland between c 1052 and c 1330. It is arranged in two sections. In the first part, I have examined critically the work of earlier authorities, and the constructed an alternative model against which to examine the chronology and evolution of early forms of castle in Scotland. Contrary to what the earlier authorities have claimed, I have suggested that a feature of the earlier Scottish Castles was their multiplicity of design, and that during the period under discussion they developed along broadly similar lines to Contemporary castles in other parts of the British Isles. It was probably only with the political and social disruption that inevitably accompanied the Wars of Independence that a truly 'Scots' form of castellar architecture evolved. The second and larger section is arranged as an inventory, which includes more than 800 castles which have in the past or now appear to me to belong to the early mediaeval period. Unlike most of the earlier authorities, I have attempted systematically to integrate the documentary, architectural and archaeological evidence relating to each of these castles. In addition, I discuss the various dates to which these structures have been ascribed and attempt to show where they might fit in ray alternative model.
1979-12-01T00:00:00ZBogdan, Nicholas QuentinThis thesis consists of an examination of the origins and development, of various forms of castle erected in Scotland between c 1052 and c 1330. It is arranged in two sections. In the first part, I have examined critically the work of earlier authorities, and the constructed an alternative model against which to examine the chronology and evolution of early forms of castle in Scotland. Contrary to what the earlier authorities have claimed, I have suggested that a feature of the earlier Scottish Castles was their multiplicity of design, and that during the period under discussion they developed along broadly similar lines to Contemporary castles in other parts of the British Isles. It was probably only with the political and social disruption that inevitably accompanied the Wars of Independence that a truly 'Scots' form of castellar architecture evolved. The second and larger section is arranged as an inventory, which includes more than 800 castles which have in the past or now appear to me to belong to the early mediaeval period. Unlike most of the earlier authorities, I have attempted systematically to integrate the documentary, architectural and archaeological evidence relating to each of these castles. In addition, I discuss the various dates to which these structures have been ascribed and attempt to show where they might fit in ray alternative model.The administration of the Scottish borders in the sixteenth centuryRae, Thomas Ianhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/141702019-03-29T16:13:46Z1961-01-01T00:00:00Z1961-01-01T00:00:00ZRae, Thomas IanA study of Anglo-Scottish relations, 1637-43Menzies, Elizabeth Alexandrahttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/141542019-03-29T16:13:13Z1954-12-01T00:00:00Z1954-12-01T00:00:00ZMenzies, Elizabeth AlexandraIndustrialisation, residential mobility and the changing social morphology of Edinburgh and Perth, c. 1850-1900Southern, Richard Lloyd Vaughanhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/138152019-03-29T16:13:16Z2002-01-01T00:00:00ZThe aim of this research is to advance the understanding of the impacts of the industrial revolution on urban space during the period 1850-1900. This was a period of great dynamism with high levels of social and economic change, political radicalism and urban growth that had profound effects on the urban landscape. In contrast to much previous research on Victorian urban space, the case study settlements used are Edinburgh and Perth, Scottish burghs with diverse economies not dominated by a heavy industrial sector. The analysis uses data from a variety of sources including the census, valuation rolls and the Register of Sasines. It also draws insights from structuration theory by examining the spatial outcome of various processes in terms of the reflexive relationship between structural factors such as class and capitalism and the residential movements of individuals (agents). Three scales of analysis are used. Thus, meso-scale socio-spatial change is seen as affected by both macro-scale structures and micro-scale actions of agents. By constructing a series of maps and measures of the distribution of social groups at various times over the half century, the thesis demonstrates that socio-spatial differentiation increased markedly over the period. The processes driving this socio-spatial change are identified as the operations of the housing market, structured feeling and mobility. The detailed roles of each is examined. Together, it is argued these are the modalities which link structures and agents and are thus the proximate determinants of socio-spatial change.
2002-01-01T00:00:00ZSouthern, Richard Lloyd VaughanThe aim of this research is to advance the understanding of the impacts of the industrial revolution on urban space during the period 1850-1900. This was a period of great dynamism with high levels of social and economic change, political radicalism and urban growth that had profound effects on the urban landscape. In contrast to much previous research on Victorian urban space, the case study settlements used are Edinburgh and Perth, Scottish burghs with diverse economies not dominated by a heavy industrial sector. The analysis uses data from a variety of sources including the census, valuation rolls and the Register of Sasines. It also draws insights from structuration theory by examining the spatial outcome of various processes in terms of the reflexive relationship between structural factors such as class and capitalism and the residential movements of individuals (agents). Three scales of analysis are used. Thus, meso-scale socio-spatial change is seen as affected by both macro-scale structures and micro-scale actions of agents. By constructing a series of maps and measures of the distribution of social groups at various times over the half century, the thesis demonstrates that socio-spatial differentiation increased markedly over the period. The processes driving this socio-spatial change are identified as the operations of the housing market, structured feeling and mobility. The detailed roles of each is examined. Together, it is argued these are the modalities which link structures and agents and are thus the proximate determinants of socio-spatial change.The Scottish Parliament in the Restoration era, 1660-1681MacIntosh, Gillian H.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/137762019-03-29T16:13:17Z2002-01-01T00:00:00ZOne issue has dominated the majority of historical studies of Restoration Scotland, that of religious dissent. Robert Wodrow's The Sufferings of the Church of Scotland from the Restoration to the Revolution portrayed an age of brutality in which the people were involved in a godly struggle in defence of Presbyterianism with an administration intent on maintaining Episcopal Church government. Wodrow's version of events has come to dominate the bulk of previous research, and few political studies of the period have been attempted. The Scottish Parliament, its role and function during the reign of Charles II has been particularly neglected. This thesis attempts to redress this state of affairs and provide a detailed account of Parliament during the period. The thesis proceeds chronologically, with an initial chapter on the first session of the Restoration Parliament. The transition from the republican regime to restored monarchy is examined, and the Restoration settlement, the constitutional basis of government during the period, is studied in detail. The second chapter on the parliamentary sessions of 1662 and 1663 begins to examine the personalities of the administration, and discusses the factional divisions that play out in the theatre of Parliament. Following chapters on the Conventions of Estates of 1665, 1667 and 1678 study the effect of religious dissent on the fiscal fortunes of the crown. The growth of an increasingly effective parliamentary opposition is considered in a series of chapters on the Parliament of 1669-1674 and on the session of 1681, the last of Charles II's reign. This thesis attempts to challenge the notion that Parliament in the Restoration era was merely a submissive body, easily moulded to the royal will. Instead, it is argued that the restrictions on parliamentary freedoms in the settlement of 1661 combined with the increasingly authoritarian administration of John Maitland, second Earl (later first Duke) of Lauderdale, created a body of opposition that believed Parliament had a substantial role to play. That such opposition existed sheds new lights on later events, particularly the deposition of the Stewart monarchy.
2002-01-01T00:00:00ZMacIntosh, Gillian H.One issue has dominated the majority of historical studies of Restoration Scotland, that of religious dissent. Robert Wodrow's The Sufferings of the Church of Scotland from the Restoration to the Revolution portrayed an age of brutality in which the people were involved in a godly struggle in defence of Presbyterianism with an administration intent on maintaining Episcopal Church government. Wodrow's version of events has come to dominate the bulk of previous research, and few political studies of the period have been attempted. The Scottish Parliament, its role and function during the reign of Charles II has been particularly neglected. This thesis attempts to redress this state of affairs and provide a detailed account of Parliament during the period. The thesis proceeds chronologically, with an initial chapter on the first session of the Restoration Parliament. The transition from the republican regime to restored monarchy is examined, and the Restoration settlement, the constitutional basis of government during the period, is studied in detail. The second chapter on the parliamentary sessions of 1662 and 1663 begins to examine the personalities of the administration, and discusses the factional divisions that play out in the theatre of Parliament. Following chapters on the Conventions of Estates of 1665, 1667 and 1678 study the effect of religious dissent on the fiscal fortunes of the crown. The growth of an increasingly effective parliamentary opposition is considered in a series of chapters on the Parliament of 1669-1674 and on the session of 1681, the last of Charles II's reign. This thesis attempts to challenge the notion that Parliament in the Restoration era was merely a submissive body, easily moulded to the royal will. Instead, it is argued that the restrictions on parliamentary freedoms in the settlement of 1661 combined with the increasingly authoritarian administration of John Maitland, second Earl (later first Duke) of Lauderdale, created a body of opposition that believed Parliament had a substantial role to play. That such opposition existed sheds new lights on later events, particularly the deposition of the Stewart monarchy.North Western approaches : operational aspects of Scotland's maritime role in the Second World WarJeffrey, Andrewhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/137752019-03-29T16:12:29Z2001-01-01T00:00:00Z2001-01-01T00:00:00ZJeffrey, AndrewThe utilisation and management of the semi-natural woodlands of Lochtayside, 1650-1850Stewart, Mairi J.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/135592019-08-26T11:22:06Z1997-06-01T00:00:00ZThere has been in Scotland, in recent years, a resurgence in interest the past history of our woodland, and their future management. The work of Lindsay in the 1970's did much to scotch earlier misconceptions about the utilisation and management of Highland woodlands (Lindsay 1974). Rather than being wholly exploitative, commercial influences during the 18th and 19th centuries may, in fact, have helped temper further woodland decline. It is now generally recognised that non-commercial influences may have been more significant in the evolution of woodlands in the historic period. It is now generally recognised that an understanding of past influences can contribute to future management strategies. This thesis therefore set out to examine the utilisation and management of the semi-natural woodlands of Lochtayside, and in particular, the commercial and non-commercial uses of the woodlands, and their subsequent management. It is hoped that results of this study would both suppliment our existing understanding of Scottish woodland history, and be taken into consideration in the debate on future management strategies. Initially, the study provides a context for the processes of woodland utilistion and management. Thus, the principal decisionmakers involved in the determination of woodland policies on Lochtayside were examined: the Campbells of Glenorchy. Both internal and external factors which might affect their decisions were also investigated. A critical evaluation of the sources for a woodland history study followed. Sources included, contemporary published works relating to the Highland rural society and the economy; the primary documentary source, i.e., the Breadalbane muniments; and cartographic sources, primarily, the Pont Map, the Roy Map, both the Fair and the Protracted versions, the 1769 Survey of Lochtayside and the 1st edition Ordnance Survey. A critical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages is regarded as fundamental to woodland history, and the study explored the limitations of using such sources, in particular the cartographic evidence. Finally, the non-commercial use of the produce and area of the semi-natural woodlands on Lochtayside, and the commercial use of these woodlands, including for bark, timber and charcoal was examined. Conclusions reached suggest there was a complex relationship between these two forms of use which affected the management of the woodlands, and ultimately the extent and composition of the woodlands on Lochtayside. It became clear that the relationship between the agriculture and woodlands was critical. The precise nature of this relationship, however, requires further examination.
1997-06-01T00:00:00ZStewart, Mairi J.There has been in Scotland, in recent years, a resurgence in interest the past history of our woodland, and their future management. The work of Lindsay in the 1970's did much to scotch earlier misconceptions about the utilisation and management of Highland woodlands (Lindsay 1974). Rather than being wholly exploitative, commercial influences during the 18th and 19th centuries may, in fact, have helped temper further woodland decline. It is now generally recognised that non-commercial influences may have been more significant in the evolution of woodlands in the historic period. It is now generally recognised that an understanding of past influences can contribute to future management strategies. This thesis therefore set out to examine the utilisation and management of the semi-natural woodlands of Lochtayside, and in particular, the commercial and non-commercial uses of the woodlands, and their subsequent management. It is hoped that results of this study would both suppliment our existing understanding of Scottish woodland history, and be taken into consideration in the debate on future management strategies. Initially, the study provides a context for the processes of woodland utilistion and management. Thus, the principal decisionmakers involved in the determination of woodland policies on Lochtayside were examined: the Campbells of Glenorchy. Both internal and external factors which might affect their decisions were also investigated. A critical evaluation of the sources for a woodland history study followed. Sources included, contemporary published works relating to the Highland rural society and the economy; the primary documentary source, i.e., the Breadalbane muniments; and cartographic sources, primarily, the Pont Map, the Roy Map, both the Fair and the Protracted versions, the 1769 Survey of Lochtayside and the 1st edition Ordnance Survey. A critical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages is regarded as fundamental to woodland history, and the study explored the limitations of using such sources, in particular the cartographic evidence. Finally, the non-commercial use of the produce and area of the semi-natural woodlands on Lochtayside, and the commercial use of these woodlands, including for bark, timber and charcoal was examined. Conclusions reached suggest there was a complex relationship between these two forms of use which affected the management of the woodlands, and ultimately the extent and composition of the woodlands on Lochtayside. It became clear that the relationship between the agriculture and woodlands was critical. The precise nature of this relationship, however, requires further examination.Scottish royal marriages and marriage alliances from David I to Alexander IIIPressgrove, Malcolm R.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/134442019-03-29T16:12:44Z1979-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis consists of five chapters embodying research
on Scottish royal marriages and marriage alliances from the marriage
of King David I and Matilda de Senlis in 1113 or 1114 to the marriage
of King Alexander III to Yolande of Dreux in 1285.
Chapter One, 'The Beginning of the Norman Tide', discusses
the marriage of David to Matilda and the marriage of Henry, David's
son, to Ada de Warenne. The chapter pays particular attention
to the contributions these marriages made to the Normanisation of
Scotland and the relationship of the Scottish king to the king of
England concerning the lands acquired by David through his marriage
to Matilda.
Chapter Two, 'In Pursuit of Honour', describes the efforts
by David's grandsons, Malcolm IN and William, to preserve Scottish
honour against the great King Henry II of England. The chapter
focuses on Malcolm's use of continental marriage alliances for his
sisters and William's frustrated and diverse attempts to acquire
and hold, lands which the Scottish kings long coveted.
Chapter Three, 'Foreign Intrigues and the Beginning of the
Golden Age,' continues the examination of Scotland's continental
marriage connections while describing the series of events leading
up to the marriages of Alexander II's sisters. In particular,
this chapter attempts to show how Alexander II used continental
marriage alliances to strengthen himself and preserve his kingdom in
the face of adversity.
The fourth chapter, 'Wyne, wax, Gamyn, and Gle', is an attempt
to sort out the confusing events of Alexander Ill's minority and
show how Henry III used the marriage of his daughter Margaret to
Alexander III to project himself into Scottish affairs.
The fifth and final chapter, 'From Gold into Lead', is a
study of the marriages of Margaret, daughter of Alexander III, to
King Eric II of Norway; Alexander, the heir apparent, to Marguerite,
the daughter of the count of Flanders; and Alexander Ill's second
marriage to Yolande of Dreux. This chapter shows how dramatically
the fortunes of a prosperous, blossoming medieval kingdom were
changed in a series of unlooked-for tragedies.
1979-01-01T00:00:00ZPressgrove, Malcolm R.This thesis consists of five chapters embodying research
on Scottish royal marriages and marriage alliances from the marriage
of King David I and Matilda de Senlis in 1113 or 1114 to the marriage
of King Alexander III to Yolande of Dreux in 1285.
Chapter One, 'The Beginning of the Norman Tide', discusses
the marriage of David to Matilda and the marriage of Henry, David's
son, to Ada de Warenne. The chapter pays particular attention
to the contributions these marriages made to the Normanisation of
Scotland and the relationship of the Scottish king to the king of
England concerning the lands acquired by David through his marriage
to Matilda.
Chapter Two, 'In Pursuit of Honour', describes the efforts
by David's grandsons, Malcolm IN and William, to preserve Scottish
honour against the great King Henry II of England. The chapter
focuses on Malcolm's use of continental marriage alliances for his
sisters and William's frustrated and diverse attempts to acquire
and hold, lands which the Scottish kings long coveted.
Chapter Three, 'Foreign Intrigues and the Beginning of the
Golden Age,' continues the examination of Scotland's continental
marriage connections while describing the series of events leading
up to the marriages of Alexander II's sisters. In particular,
this chapter attempts to show how Alexander II used continental
marriage alliances to strengthen himself and preserve his kingdom in
the face of adversity.
The fourth chapter, 'Wyne, wax, Gamyn, and Gle', is an attempt
to sort out the confusing events of Alexander Ill's minority and
show how Henry III used the marriage of his daughter Margaret to
Alexander III to project himself into Scottish affairs.
The fifth and final chapter, 'From Gold into Lead', is a
study of the marriages of Margaret, daughter of Alexander III, to
King Eric II of Norway; Alexander, the heir apparent, to Marguerite,
the daughter of the count of Flanders; and Alexander Ill's second
marriage to Yolande of Dreux. This chapter shows how dramatically
the fortunes of a prosperous, blossoming medieval kingdom were
changed in a series of unlooked-for tragedies.The Scottish export trade, 1460-1599 : from the Exchequer RollsGuy, Isabelhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/133092019-08-26T10:53:15Z1983-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis presents a quantitative examination of the Scottish export trade, 1460-1599, using the custumars’ accounts which form part of the ‘Exchequer Rolls of Scotland’. The Exchequer rolls are one of the most accessible and massively informative of sources for the period they cover. It has been shown that valuable information about the Scottish export trade and the state of the Scottish economy can be extracted from this source. It is, however, complex and variable, and must be carefully interpreted before raw data is extracted. The first two sections of [the] introduction draw heavily on the invaluable work of Dr Athol Murray as a guide in understanding the inconsistencies of the record. The last section addresses the problems associated with using the accounts for compiling quantitative records of the Scottish export trade. We are dealing with one of the few areas of the Scottish economy which is recorded quantitatively. Investigations of the fluctuations in the volume of exports and the nature of the goods exported can, if considered over a sufficient period, supply considerable information on Scottish trade and thereby on certain facets of at least the market side of the early-modern Scottish economy.
1983-01-01T00:00:00ZGuy, IsabelThis thesis presents a quantitative examination of the Scottish export trade, 1460-1599, using the custumars’ accounts which form part of the ‘Exchequer Rolls of Scotland’. The Exchequer rolls are one of the most accessible and massively informative of sources for the period they cover. It has been shown that valuable information about the Scottish export trade and the state of the Scottish economy can be extracted from this source. It is, however, complex and variable, and must be carefully interpreted before raw data is extracted. The first two sections of [the] introduction draw heavily on the invaluable work of Dr Athol Murray as a guide in understanding the inconsistencies of the record. The last section addresses the problems associated with using the accounts for compiling quantitative records of the Scottish export trade. We are dealing with one of the few areas of the Scottish economy which is recorded quantitatively. Investigations of the fluctuations in the volume of exports and the nature of the goods exported can, if considered over a sufficient period, supply considerable information on Scottish trade and thereby on certain facets of at least the market side of the early-modern Scottish economy.The Catholic Church and Scottish politics, c. 1878 - c. 1939Potocki, Piotrhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/122462018-03-22T12:20:06Z2017-12-08T00:00:00ZThis thesis examines the significance of Catholicism as a political force in Scotland in the years between the restoration of the ecclesiastical hierarchy in 1878 and the Spanish Civil War, exploring the ways in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to assert its presence in Scottish politics and society. Through an examination of the power of the Scottish Church, its affiliated lay organisations and the political attitudes of the laity, this study redresses a historiographical imbalance which has focussed traditionally on the Church’s denominational interests in education. The thesis thus provides a reassessment of the political articulation of Catholicism in modern Scotland, of the degree of ideological coherence amongst Catholics, and of the sources of internal division within the community. The issues covered include expatriate Irish nationalism, the growth and consolidation of the political labour movement, the emergence in the early-to-mid 1920s of the Catholic Action movement as well as the relationship between the Catholic Church and the other major Christian denominations in Scotland. Special attention is paid to the formation of the Catholic-Labour electoral alliance, highlighting its overall importance in providing a new impetus to Catholic political engagement. This thematic approach not only permits concentration on different aspects of Catholic interactions with the wider society, but also enhances understanding of the variety of Catholic responses to contemporary political and social developments.
2017-12-08T00:00:00ZPotocki, PiotrThis thesis examines the significance of Catholicism as a political force in Scotland in the years between the restoration of the ecclesiastical hierarchy in 1878 and the Spanish Civil War, exploring the ways in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to assert its presence in Scottish politics and society. Through an examination of the power of the Scottish Church, its affiliated lay organisations and the political attitudes of the laity, this study redresses a historiographical imbalance which has focussed traditionally on the Church’s denominational interests in education. The thesis thus provides a reassessment of the political articulation of Catholicism in modern Scotland, of the degree of ideological coherence amongst Catholics, and of the sources of internal division within the community. The issues covered include expatriate Irish nationalism, the growth and consolidation of the political labour movement, the emergence in the early-to-mid 1920s of the Catholic Action movement as well as the relationship between the Catholic Church and the other major Christian denominations in Scotland. Special attention is paid to the formation of the Catholic-Labour electoral alliance, highlighting its overall importance in providing a new impetus to Catholic political engagement. This thematic approach not only permits concentration on different aspects of Catholic interactions with the wider society, but also enhances understanding of the variety of Catholic responses to contemporary political and social developments.Magnificence and materiality : the commerce and culture of Flemish luxuries in late medieval ScotlandFrench, Morvernhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/120202022-05-20T02:07:46Z2017-06-22T00:00:00ZThis thesis explores the prestige associated in late medieval Scotland with Flemish luxury products, using a material culture-based approach founded on the premise that objects can reveal the beliefs and attitudes of those who used them. Adding to existing scholarship which concentrates on the economic, political, and diplomatic connections between Scotland and Flanders, this research offers a new artefactual dimension to this relationship. It challenges the perception of Scotland as culturally and materially unsophisticated while simultaneously considering how objects were used in the expression of elite power and status.
What drives this work is that late medieval Scottish elites were fully immersed in the most highly regarded and fashionable material trends of western Europe and that their consumption patterns fit into a wider mentality which saw Flemish craftsmanship as an ideal. A new model is thus presented, moving away from the traditional concentration on fluctuating wool exports and taking into account the cultural agency of noble, ecclesiastic, and burghal elites. It entails the initial examination of Scottish consumer demand and its impact on the Flemish luxury market. Following this are chapters on gift exchange and the presentation of magnificence, centred around the perception of the Flemish aesthetic as representative of elite status. Finally, this approach is applied to the burghal and clerical spheres, arguing that Flemish church furniture played a role in the formation and maintenance of elite urban identities.
The comprehensive examination of artefactual sources, combined with the commercial, ritual, and ceremonial evidence found in written sources, enables the building up of a clearer impression of Scoto-Flemish material culture than has previously been realised. It is demonstrated that the material environment of late medieval Scottish elites was comparable to those of other European polities, constituting a common cultural sphere furnished by the luxury products of Flanders and the southern Low Countries.
2017-06-22T00:00:00ZFrench, MorvernThis thesis explores the prestige associated in late medieval Scotland with Flemish luxury products, using a material culture-based approach founded on the premise that objects can reveal the beliefs and attitudes of those who used them. Adding to existing scholarship which concentrates on the economic, political, and diplomatic connections between Scotland and Flanders, this research offers a new artefactual dimension to this relationship. It challenges the perception of Scotland as culturally and materially unsophisticated while simultaneously considering how objects were used in the expression of elite power and status.
What drives this work is that late medieval Scottish elites were fully immersed in the most highly regarded and fashionable material trends of western Europe and that their consumption patterns fit into a wider mentality which saw Flemish craftsmanship as an ideal. A new model is thus presented, moving away from the traditional concentration on fluctuating wool exports and taking into account the cultural agency of noble, ecclesiastic, and burghal elites. It entails the initial examination of Scottish consumer demand and its impact on the Flemish luxury market. Following this are chapters on gift exchange and the presentation of magnificence, centred around the perception of the Flemish aesthetic as representative of elite status. Finally, this approach is applied to the burghal and clerical spheres, arguing that Flemish church furniture played a role in the formation and maintenance of elite urban identities.
The comprehensive examination of artefactual sources, combined with the commercial, ritual, and ceremonial evidence found in written sources, enables the building up of a clearer impression of Scoto-Flemish material culture than has previously been realised. It is demonstrated that the material environment of late medieval Scottish elites was comparable to those of other European polities, constituting a common cultural sphere furnished by the luxury products of Flanders and the southern Low Countries.Saints, dedications and cults in mediaeval FifeDove, Giles W.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/118392019-03-29T16:12:17Z1988-01-01T00:00:00ZA good deal has been written about the history of the Scottish Church, about Scottish saints and about church dedications in Scotland. Much of this has, however, been written by antiquarians who have often had a denominational or theological axe to grind, and the results are not useful in terms of scholarly or historical content. This thesis sets out to clear away those claims made about certain aspects of the Mediaeval Scottish Church, yet which are grounded on little, if any, reliable historical evidence. This is a regional study of that area of Scotland which was most active and influential in ecclesiastical terms throughout the Mediaeval period. I have tried, as far as is possible, to establish the identity of all those saints connected in some way with the Church in Fife. A careful study of pertinent extant sources has involved a personal assessment of what is reliable historical record and what is legendary fancy. This process has necessitated the elimination of certain saints from any list that is deemed to incorporate only those holy individuals whose identity can be confirmed from dependable documentary survivals. In some cases we can be sure that the saint existed, but in many instances we are left wondering whether we are dealing with an historical figure or an invented exemplar. Church dedications are often useful as evidence of the antiquity of a saint's cult or of his association with a particular region, but for them to be useful evidence it is necessary to establish the veracity of claims made for ancient church dedications to particular saints. This thesis tries to look at the role of a saint and at the content, management and function of a saint's cult. In focussing on ecclesiastical centres, and on particular pilgrimage centres, in one area of Scotland this thesis looks at saints, dedications and cults in their wider Scottish and European contexts. In specialising in one area it has been possible to note the wide geographical variety of influences on the Scottish Church whilst also emphasising the widespread influence which the Church in Fife had in the pre-Reformation era.
1988-01-01T00:00:00ZDove, Giles W.A good deal has been written about the history of the Scottish Church, about Scottish saints and about church dedications in Scotland. Much of this has, however, been written by antiquarians who have often had a denominational or theological axe to grind, and the results are not useful in terms of scholarly or historical content. This thesis sets out to clear away those claims made about certain aspects of the Mediaeval Scottish Church, yet which are grounded on little, if any, reliable historical evidence. This is a regional study of that area of Scotland which was most active and influential in ecclesiastical terms throughout the Mediaeval period. I have tried, as far as is possible, to establish the identity of all those saints connected in some way with the Church in Fife. A careful study of pertinent extant sources has involved a personal assessment of what is reliable historical record and what is legendary fancy. This process has necessitated the elimination of certain saints from any list that is deemed to incorporate only those holy individuals whose identity can be confirmed from dependable documentary survivals. In some cases we can be sure that the saint existed, but in many instances we are left wondering whether we are dealing with an historical figure or an invented exemplar. Church dedications are often useful as evidence of the antiquity of a saint's cult or of his association with a particular region, but for them to be useful evidence it is necessary to establish the veracity of claims made for ancient church dedications to particular saints. This thesis tries to look at the role of a saint and at the content, management and function of a saint's cult. In focussing on ecclesiastical centres, and on particular pilgrimage centres, in one area of Scotland this thesis looks at saints, dedications and cults in their wider Scottish and European contexts. In specialising in one area it has been possible to note the wide geographical variety of influences on the Scottish Church whilst also emphasising the widespread influence which the Church in Fife had in the pre-Reformation era.Place-names, land and lordship in the medieval earldom of StrathearnWatson, Angushttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/113312019-03-29T16:13:07Z2002-06-01T00:00:00ZThe first aim of this thesis is to present a comprehensive toponymic
listing and analysis for six parishes of Western Strathearn, and this
is done in Part One where approximately 2500 place-names are
considered. The medieval parishes of BQR, COM, TEX, MUT, MZX and MXZ
form a continuous, largely upland, area, topographically distinct from
the Strathearn parishes to the east, and with the exception of
Innerpeffray (part of MXZ, see esp. Part Two, Appendix 1b) somewhat
less affected, in the 12c to 14c at least, by inward migration of
Anglo-Norman and other non-Gaelic groups or individuals. Thus we might
expect this western area to be the most conservative part of an earldom
that Cynthia Neville has characterised as conservative and insular as
late as 13c when compared to other major Scottish earldoms and
lordships (Neville 1983, eg vol i, 156, Neville 2000, 76).
The core lands of the more easterly medieval parish of FOW were
subjected to the same comprehensive toponymic analysis. Though that
toponymic material could not be included for reasons of space, it has
contributed, along with the material from the six parishes covered in
the gazetteers below, to the second main aspect of the thesis, the
discussion of lordship and land organisation in Part Two. In Part Two
will also be found an introduction to the earldom of Strathearn and a
discussion of a number of aspects of its history, as well as appendices
giving additional information relevant to the topics discussed in the
body of the thesis.
The parish unit was chosen as the basis for the organisation of this
thesis since John Rogers (Rogers 1992, esp. 125-7) has shown the
fundamental link between the form of the ecclesiastical parishes, whose
creation was complete by 12c, and pre-existing units of land usually
referred to as multiple estates, a multiple estate being a group of
individual estates, not necessarily contiguous, organised and operated
as a coherent social, tenurial and economic unit. As Rogers puts it,
multiple estates were essentially units of lordship, taking the form of
a principal settlement or caput with a number of dependent settlements.
They contained within their bounds all the resources required to
support their economies and to produce the necessary renders.
Accordingly they were arranged in the landscape to exploit those
resources, a process which often produced irregular geographical forms,
including areas detached from the main body of the estate. This process
frequently led to a specialisation of function, such as the management
of pasture, amongst the component settlements.
Jones (1976) discusses the multiple estate in the context of the early
British Isles, Dodgshon (1981, esp. 58ff) in a Scottish context. The
latter writer says (op. cit., 58) that in their variety of scale,
multiple estates have often been likened to a parish, though some were
undoubtedly larger, adding that lordship was exercised over them by a
tribal chief, a king or a feudal baron.
Many of these characteristics will be found relevant to the discussion
of land organisation and lordship in Part Two.
In our present state of knowledge, then, the medieval parishes are the
best representation we have of the patterns of land organisation in
Strathearn as they may have been in the time of the late Pictish and
early Scottish kingdoms.
A practical demonstration of the relevance of parish boundaries lies in
the fact that it is rare indeed to find a settlement place-name whose
area of reference straddles the boundary of a medieval parish. It is
overwhelmingly within the context of the original parish that the
place-names of an area have coherence and are most likely to give up
their secrets.
2002-06-01T00:00:00ZWatson, AngusThe first aim of this thesis is to present a comprehensive toponymic
listing and analysis for six parishes of Western Strathearn, and this
is done in Part One where approximately 2500 place-names are
considered. The medieval parishes of BQR, COM, TEX, MUT, MZX and MXZ
form a continuous, largely upland, area, topographically distinct from
the Strathearn parishes to the east, and with the exception of
Innerpeffray (part of MXZ, see esp. Part Two, Appendix 1b) somewhat
less affected, in the 12c to 14c at least, by inward migration of
Anglo-Norman and other non-Gaelic groups or individuals. Thus we might
expect this western area to be the most conservative part of an earldom
that Cynthia Neville has characterised as conservative and insular as
late as 13c when compared to other major Scottish earldoms and
lordships (Neville 1983, eg vol i, 156, Neville 2000, 76).
The core lands of the more easterly medieval parish of FOW were
subjected to the same comprehensive toponymic analysis. Though that
toponymic material could not be included for reasons of space, it has
contributed, along with the material from the six parishes covered in
the gazetteers below, to the second main aspect of the thesis, the
discussion of lordship and land organisation in Part Two. In Part Two
will also be found an introduction to the earldom of Strathearn and a
discussion of a number of aspects of its history, as well as appendices
giving additional information relevant to the topics discussed in the
body of the thesis.
The parish unit was chosen as the basis for the organisation of this
thesis since John Rogers (Rogers 1992, esp. 125-7) has shown the
fundamental link between the form of the ecclesiastical parishes, whose
creation was complete by 12c, and pre-existing units of land usually
referred to as multiple estates, a multiple estate being a group of
individual estates, not necessarily contiguous, organised and operated
as a coherent social, tenurial and economic unit. As Rogers puts it,
multiple estates were essentially units of lordship, taking the form of
a principal settlement or caput with a number of dependent settlements.
They contained within their bounds all the resources required to
support their economies and to produce the necessary renders.
Accordingly they were arranged in the landscape to exploit those
resources, a process which often produced irregular geographical forms,
including areas detached from the main body of the estate. This process
frequently led to a specialisation of function, such as the management
of pasture, amongst the component settlements.
Jones (1976) discusses the multiple estate in the context of the early
British Isles, Dodgshon (1981, esp. 58ff) in a Scottish context. The
latter writer says (op. cit., 58) that in their variety of scale,
multiple estates have often been likened to a parish, though some were
undoubtedly larger, adding that lordship was exercised over them by a
tribal chief, a king or a feudal baron.
Many of these characteristics will be found relevant to the discussion
of land organisation and lordship in Part Two.
In our present state of knowledge, then, the medieval parishes are the
best representation we have of the patterns of land organisation in
Strathearn as they may have been in the time of the late Pictish and
early Scottish kingdoms.
A practical demonstration of the relevance of parish boundaries lies in
the fact that it is rare indeed to find a settlement place-name whose
area of reference straddles the boundary of a medieval parish. It is
overwhelmingly within the context of the original parish that the
place-names of an area have coherence and are most likely to give up
their secrets.Dynasticism and diplomacy : the political career of Marie de Guise in Scotland, 1548-1560Ritchie, Pamela E.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/110722019-03-29T16:13:35Z1999-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis examines the political career of Marie de Guise in Scotland during the period
1548-1560. Challenging the conventional interpretation of Guise as the defender of
Catholicism whose régime climaxed with the Reformation Rebellion, this study shows
that she was, on the contrary, a shrewd and effective politique, whose own dynastic
interests and those of her daughter took precedence over her personal and religious
convictions. Dynasticism, not Catholicism, was the prime motivational force behind her
policy and it is from this perspective that her regime is considered.
The eight chapters of the thesis focus on two main themes. Firstly, that Marie de
Guise's dynasticism, and political career as a whole, were inextricably associated with
those of Mary, Queen of Scots, whose Scottish sovereignty, Catholic claim to the
English throne and betrothal to the Dauphin of France carried with it notions of Franco-
British Imperialism. And secondly, that Marie de Guise's policy in Scotland was
dictated by European dynastic politics and, specifically, by the Franco-Scottish alliance
of 1548-1560. Significantly more than a betrothal contract, the treaty of Haddington
established a 'protectoral' relationship between the 'auld allies' whereby Henri II was
able to assume control over Scottish military affairs, diplomacy and foreign policy as
the 'protector' of Scotland. Guise's assumption of the regency in 1554 completed the
process of establishing French power in Scotland, which was later consolidated, albeit
briefly, by the marriage of Mary Stewart to François Valois in 1558. The overall
success of Guise's dynastic and domestic policies, however, was limited. International
considerations undermined her policies and weakened her administration. Yet the
collapse of her regime came not with the outbreak of the Reformation Rebellion or her
alleged defeat at the hands of the Congregation. Only with her death, did Marie de
Guise's regime and French power in Scotland truly collapse.
1999-01-01T00:00:00ZRitchie, Pamela E.This thesis examines the political career of Marie de Guise in Scotland during the period
1548-1560. Challenging the conventional interpretation of Guise as the defender of
Catholicism whose régime climaxed with the Reformation Rebellion, this study shows
that she was, on the contrary, a shrewd and effective politique, whose own dynastic
interests and those of her daughter took precedence over her personal and religious
convictions. Dynasticism, not Catholicism, was the prime motivational force behind her
policy and it is from this perspective that her regime is considered.
The eight chapters of the thesis focus on two main themes. Firstly, that Marie de
Guise's dynasticism, and political career as a whole, were inextricably associated with
those of Mary, Queen of Scots, whose Scottish sovereignty, Catholic claim to the
English throne and betrothal to the Dauphin of France carried with it notions of Franco-
British Imperialism. And secondly, that Marie de Guise's policy in Scotland was
dictated by European dynastic politics and, specifically, by the Franco-Scottish alliance
of 1548-1560. Significantly more than a betrothal contract, the treaty of Haddington
established a 'protectoral' relationship between the 'auld allies' whereby Henri II was
able to assume control over Scottish military affairs, diplomacy and foreign policy as
the 'protector' of Scotland. Guise's assumption of the regency in 1554 completed the
process of establishing French power in Scotland, which was later consolidated, albeit
briefly, by the marriage of Mary Stewart to François Valois in 1558. The overall
success of Guise's dynastic and domestic policies, however, was limited. International
considerations undermined her policies and weakened her administration. Yet the
collapse of her regime came not with the outbreak of the Reformation Rebellion or her
alleged defeat at the hands of the Congregation. Only with her death, did Marie de
Guise's regime and French power in Scotland truly collapse.People and parliament in Scotland, 1689-1702Patrick, Derek J.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/110612019-03-29T16:13:25Z2002-01-01T00:00:00ZIn Scotland the Revolution of 1688 - 1689 has received little academic attention -
considered little more than an adjunct of events in England. Traditionally, the political
elite have been seen as reluctant to rebel, the resulting Convention Parliament containing few committed protagonists - the reaction of most determined by inherent
conservatism and the overwhelming desire to preserve their own interest and status.
Motivated essentially by self-interest and personal gain, the predominance of noble
faction crippled Parliament - a constitutionally underdeveloped institution - which
became nothing more than a platform for the rivalry and ambition of the landed elite.
However, this interpretation is based on the dated notion that Scottish history can be
considered as simply a protracted power struggle between a dominant territorial nobility and a weak monarch, intent on centralising authority. Nonetheless, the aim of the
thesis is not to rewrite the political history of the Revolution or to chart the constitutional development of Parliament - although both aspects form part of the general analysis. Instead, this is principally a thematic study of the membership of the Convention Parliament and what they achieved, in terms of legislation and procedure. Taking into account the European context, including a thorough membership analysis, and revising the practical aspects of the Revolution settlement, it is possible to offer a fresh account of contemporary politics. Introducing the extensive contest that characterised the general election of 1689, and the emergence and progress of court and country politics through 1698 - 1702, study reveals the continuing development of an inclusive party political system similar to that evident in England. In this respect, the objective of the thesis is to address the main themes associated with the Revolution and Convention Parliament, providing an alternative, more accurate interpretation of the Scottish Revolution experience.
2002-01-01T00:00:00ZPatrick, Derek J.In Scotland the Revolution of 1688 - 1689 has received little academic attention -
considered little more than an adjunct of events in England. Traditionally, the political
elite have been seen as reluctant to rebel, the resulting Convention Parliament containing few committed protagonists - the reaction of most determined by inherent
conservatism and the overwhelming desire to preserve their own interest and status.
Motivated essentially by self-interest and personal gain, the predominance of noble
faction crippled Parliament - a constitutionally underdeveloped institution - which
became nothing more than a platform for the rivalry and ambition of the landed elite.
However, this interpretation is based on the dated notion that Scottish history can be
considered as simply a protracted power struggle between a dominant territorial nobility and a weak monarch, intent on centralising authority. Nonetheless, the aim of the
thesis is not to rewrite the political history of the Revolution or to chart the constitutional development of Parliament - although both aspects form part of the general analysis. Instead, this is principally a thematic study of the membership of the Convention Parliament and what they achieved, in terms of legislation and procedure. Taking into account the European context, including a thorough membership analysis, and revising the practical aspects of the Revolution settlement, it is possible to offer a fresh account of contemporary politics. Introducing the extensive contest that characterised the general election of 1689, and the emergence and progress of court and country politics through 1698 - 1702, study reveals the continuing development of an inclusive party political system similar to that evident in England. In this respect, the objective of the thesis is to address the main themes associated with the Revolution and Convention Parliament, providing an alternative, more accurate interpretation of the Scottish Revolution experience.Broadly speaking : Scots language and British imperialism.Murphy, Seanhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/110472019-03-29T16:13:31Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis offers a three-pronged perspective on the historical interconnections between Lowland Scots language(s) and British imperialism. Through analyses of the manifestation of Scots linguistic varieties outwith Scotland during the nineteenth century, alongside Scottish concerns for maintaining the socio-linguistic “propriety” and literary “standards” of “English,” this discussion argues that certain elements within Lowland language were employed in projecting a sentimental-yet celebratory conception of Scottish imperial prestige.
Part I directly engages with nineteenth-century “diasporic” articulations of Lowland Scots forms, focusing on a triumphal, ceremonial vocalisation of Scottish shibboleths, termed “verbal tartanry.” Much like physical emblems of nineteenth-century Scottish iconography, it is suggested that a verbal tartanry served to accentuate Scots distinction within a broader British framework, tied to a wider imperial superiorism.
Parts II and III look to the origins of this verbal tartanry.
Part II turns back to mid eighteenth-century Scottish linguistic concerns, suggesting the emergence of a proto-typical verbal tartanry through earlier anxieties to ascertain “correct” English “standards,” and the parallel drive to perceive, prohibit, and prescribe Scottish linguistic usage. It is argued that later eighteenth-century Scottish philological priorities for the roots and “purity” of Lowland Scots forms – linked to “ancient” literature and “racially”-loaded origin myths – led to an encouraged “uncovering” of hallowed linguistic traits. This renegotiated reverence for certain Lowland forms was bolstered by contemporary “diasporic” imaginings – envisioning, indeed pre-empting the significance of Scots migrants in the sentimental preservation of a seemingly-threatened linguistic distinction.
Part III looks beyond Scotland in the early decades of the nineteenth century. Through a consideration of the markedly different colonial and “post-colonial” contexts of British India and the early American Republic, attitudes towards certain, distinctive Lowland forms, together with Scots’ assertions of English linguistic “standards,” demonstrate a Scottish socio-cultural alignment with British imperial prestige.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZMurphy, SeanThis thesis offers a three-pronged perspective on the historical interconnections between Lowland Scots language(s) and British imperialism. Through analyses of the manifestation of Scots linguistic varieties outwith Scotland during the nineteenth century, alongside Scottish concerns for maintaining the socio-linguistic “propriety” and literary “standards” of “English,” this discussion argues that certain elements within Lowland language were employed in projecting a sentimental-yet celebratory conception of Scottish imperial prestige.
Part I directly engages with nineteenth-century “diasporic” articulations of Lowland Scots forms, focusing on a triumphal, ceremonial vocalisation of Scottish shibboleths, termed “verbal tartanry.” Much like physical emblems of nineteenth-century Scottish iconography, it is suggested that a verbal tartanry served to accentuate Scots distinction within a broader British framework, tied to a wider imperial superiorism.
Parts II and III look to the origins of this verbal tartanry.
Part II turns back to mid eighteenth-century Scottish linguistic concerns, suggesting the emergence of a proto-typical verbal tartanry through earlier anxieties to ascertain “correct” English “standards,” and the parallel drive to perceive, prohibit, and prescribe Scottish linguistic usage. It is argued that later eighteenth-century Scottish philological priorities for the roots and “purity” of Lowland Scots forms – linked to “ancient” literature and “racially”-loaded origin myths – led to an encouraged “uncovering” of hallowed linguistic traits. This renegotiated reverence for certain Lowland forms was bolstered by contemporary “diasporic” imaginings – envisioning, indeed pre-empting the significance of Scots migrants in the sentimental preservation of a seemingly-threatened linguistic distinction.
Part III looks beyond Scotland in the early decades of the nineteenth century. Through a consideration of the markedly different colonial and “post-colonial” contexts of British India and the early American Republic, attitudes towards certain, distinctive Lowland forms, together with Scots’ assertions of English linguistic “standards,” demonstrate a Scottish socio-cultural alignment with British imperial prestige.The political role of the Three Estates in Parliament and General Council in Scotland, 1424-1488Tanner, Roland J.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/109862019-03-29T16:13:01Z1999-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis examines the political role of the three estates in the Scottish parliament and
general council between 1424 and 1488. Previous histories of the Scottish parliament
have judged it to be weak and constitutionally defective. By placing each meeting of the
estates within the context of political events, examining the frequency of meetings,
identifying previously unknown parliaments, and studying those who attended and sat
on its committees, a more detailed picture of parliament’s role and influence has been
created.
A broadly chronological approach has been used in order to place parliaments in
the context of the time in which they sat. Chapters 1 and 2 examine parliament between
the return of James I from England in 1424 and 1435 and show the opposition he faced
regarding taxation and the developing noble and clerical resentment to attempts to
extend royal authority in the secular and ecclesiastical spheres. Chapters 3 and 4 discuss
the crisis in parliament and general council between 1436 and James I’s death, its role in
the establishment of a new minority government, and the interaction between the
Crichton, Livingston and Douglas families between 1437 and 1449. Chapter 5 examines
James II's use of parliament as a tool against the Black Douglases between 1450 and
1455, while Chapter 6 shows parliament’s ability to exert influence over royal lands and
possessions and to criticise royal behaviour from 1455 to 1460. Chapter 7 shows the role
of factions in parliament in the minority of James III, and their ability to undermine the
government. Chapters 8, 9 and 10 discuss the campaign of criticism against James III in
the 1470s, the parliamentary crisis that faced him in 1479-82, and the greater royal
control exerted in the 1480s. Chapter 11 examines the lords of the articles between 1424
and 1485 and concludes that the committee was not, as has formerly been suggested, a
royal board of control. In conclusion the Scottish parliament is judged to have played a
leading role in political affairs, providing a forum in which the estates were able to
criticise, oppose and defeat the crown over a broad range of issues.
1999-01-01T00:00:00ZTanner, Roland J.This thesis examines the political role of the three estates in the Scottish parliament and
general council between 1424 and 1488. Previous histories of the Scottish parliament
have judged it to be weak and constitutionally defective. By placing each meeting of the
estates within the context of political events, examining the frequency of meetings,
identifying previously unknown parliaments, and studying those who attended and sat
on its committees, a more detailed picture of parliament’s role and influence has been
created.
A broadly chronological approach has been used in order to place parliaments in
the context of the time in which they sat. Chapters 1 and 2 examine parliament between
the return of James I from England in 1424 and 1435 and show the opposition he faced
regarding taxation and the developing noble and clerical resentment to attempts to
extend royal authority in the secular and ecclesiastical spheres. Chapters 3 and 4 discuss
the crisis in parliament and general council between 1436 and James I’s death, its role in
the establishment of a new minority government, and the interaction between the
Crichton, Livingston and Douglas families between 1437 and 1449. Chapter 5 examines
James II's use of parliament as a tool against the Black Douglases between 1450 and
1455, while Chapter 6 shows parliament’s ability to exert influence over royal lands and
possessions and to criticise royal behaviour from 1455 to 1460. Chapter 7 shows the role
of factions in parliament in the minority of James III, and their ability to undermine the
government. Chapters 8, 9 and 10 discuss the campaign of criticism against James III in
the 1470s, the parliamentary crisis that faced him in 1479-82, and the greater royal
control exerted in the 1480s. Chapter 11 examines the lords of the articles between 1424
and 1485 and concludes that the committee was not, as has formerly been suggested, a
royal board of control. In conclusion the Scottish parliament is judged to have played a
leading role in political affairs, providing a forum in which the estates were able to
criticise, oppose and defeat the crown over a broad range of issues.The Union of 1707 in Scottish historiography, ca.1800 - 1914Iwazumi, Kinohttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/98782019-03-29T16:13:55Z1996-01-01T00:00:00ZIn the nineteenth century, Scottish patriotic aspirations, unlike other nationalist
movements in Europe, were not defined as a demand for the re-establishment of a
nation-state. Rather, Scots considered that the most effective way to protect their
nationhood was involvement in the Union and equal partnership with England, as
Scotland could play a significant role in the British Empire. In this sense, Scottish
patriotism had two objectives; while it encouraged further involvement in the Empire,
it equally denied a mere anglicisation. Scottish Nationalism was firmly connected to
British Unionism.
This dissertation examines the issue of how historical interpretations of the
Union were formed during the nineteenth century by analysing the correlation
between the interpretations and the contexts which gave rise to them. Until 1914,
Scottish historiography provided the concentric idea of national identity with
convincing evidence, at the centre of which was the Union of 1707. As he believed in
the principle of progress, Sir Walter Scott saw the Union as a separating point from
the feudal and savage past, though he attempted to reconcile the British present with
the Scottish past. Under Scott's influence on historical research - with its stress on
source-oriented historical narrative - historians, such as John Hill Burton, concluded
that the Union was a safety-valve to preserve the Scottish nation. On the other hand,
Burton and Patrick Tytler disregarded pre-Union Scottish history because of her
backwardness caused by feudal tyranny. Since Home Rulers aimed at the more fair
and effective representation of Scotland in Britain rather than separation, they
promoted the Union's significance in a national history. Indeed, the bicentenary of the
Union was considered as a good opportunity to remind both Scots and English of the
original spirit of equality and mutual sacrifice of the Treaty. The positive interpretation
of the Union was further consolidated by professional and academic historians like
James Mackinnon and Peter Hume Brown. In retrospect, these academic historians
completed the process of creating a national history of Scotland within the British
Empire, with, at its centre, there was a positive account of the Union.
1996-01-01T00:00:00ZIwazumi, KinoIn the nineteenth century, Scottish patriotic aspirations, unlike other nationalist
movements in Europe, were not defined as a demand for the re-establishment of a
nation-state. Rather, Scots considered that the most effective way to protect their
nationhood was involvement in the Union and equal partnership with England, as
Scotland could play a significant role in the British Empire. In this sense, Scottish
patriotism had two objectives; while it encouraged further involvement in the Empire,
it equally denied a mere anglicisation. Scottish Nationalism was firmly connected to
British Unionism.
This dissertation examines the issue of how historical interpretations of the
Union were formed during the nineteenth century by analysing the correlation
between the interpretations and the contexts which gave rise to them. Until 1914,
Scottish historiography provided the concentric idea of national identity with
convincing evidence, at the centre of which was the Union of 1707. As he believed in
the principle of progress, Sir Walter Scott saw the Union as a separating point from
the feudal and savage past, though he attempted to reconcile the British present with
the Scottish past. Under Scott's influence on historical research - with its stress on
source-oriented historical narrative - historians, such as John Hill Burton, concluded
that the Union was a safety-valve to preserve the Scottish nation. On the other hand,
Burton and Patrick Tytler disregarded pre-Union Scottish history because of her
backwardness caused by feudal tyranny. Since Home Rulers aimed at the more fair
and effective representation of Scotland in Britain rather than separation, they
promoted the Union's significance in a national history. Indeed, the bicentenary of the
Union was considered as a good opportunity to remind both Scots and English of the
original spirit of equality and mutual sacrifice of the Treaty. The positive interpretation
of the Union was further consolidated by professional and academic historians like
James Mackinnon and Peter Hume Brown. In retrospect, these academic historians
completed the process of creating a national history of Scotland within the British
Empire, with, at its centre, there was a positive account of the Union.Community and public authority in later fifteenth-century ScotlandHawes, Clairehttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/78122021-03-10T15:21:33Z2015-11-30T00:00:00ZThis thesis offers a reassessment of the political culture of Scotland in the later fifteenth century, from c. 1440 to c. 1490, through an examination of communitarian discourses and practices. It argues that the current understanding of political relations is limited by too great a focus upon personal relationships. While these were undoubtedly important, it is necessary also to consider the structures of law and governance which framed political interactions, and the common principles and values which underpinned action, in order to gain a fuller picture.
In particular, it is argued that the current model, which assumes a more or less oppositional relationship between crown and ‘political community’, ought to be replaced with a public domain in which claims to authority were asserted and contested. This approach allows the familiar political narrative to be firmly connected to the ideas expressed in contemporary advice literature, while also situating political authority spatially, by asking how it was experienced as well as how it was projected. The focus upon language and space allows for clear parallels to be drawn between different local political cultures, and allows connections and contrasts to be made between those cultures and the norms of kingship and lordship.
It argues that reforms to civil justice made during James III’s reign have played a far more important part in the turbulent politics of the time than has been appreciated, that both royal and aristocratic authority could be presented as acting both for the common good and for the interests of the crown, and that Scotland’s towns not only had a vibrant political culture of their own, but were an important part of the politics of the realm.
2015-11-30T00:00:00ZHawes, ClaireThis thesis offers a reassessment of the political culture of Scotland in the later fifteenth century, from c. 1440 to c. 1490, through an examination of communitarian discourses and practices. It argues that the current understanding of political relations is limited by too great a focus upon personal relationships. While these were undoubtedly important, it is necessary also to consider the structures of law and governance which framed political interactions, and the common principles and values which underpinned action, in order to gain a fuller picture.
In particular, it is argued that the current model, which assumes a more or less oppositional relationship between crown and ‘political community’, ought to be replaced with a public domain in which claims to authority were asserted and contested. This approach allows the familiar political narrative to be firmly connected to the ideas expressed in contemporary advice literature, while also situating political authority spatially, by asking how it was experienced as well as how it was projected. The focus upon language and space allows for clear parallels to be drawn between different local political cultures, and allows connections and contrasts to be made between those cultures and the norms of kingship and lordship.
It argues that reforms to civil justice made during James III’s reign have played a far more important part in the turbulent politics of the time than has been appreciated, that both royal and aristocratic authority could be presented as acting both for the common good and for the interests of the crown, and that Scotland’s towns not only had a vibrant political culture of their own, but were an important part of the politics of the realm.The Glasgow City Improvement Trust : an analysis of its genesis, impact and legacy and an inventory of its buildings, 1866-1910Withey, Matthewhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/65082019-07-01T10:16:18Z2003-09-01T00:00:00ZThis dissertation comprises a descriptive and analytical account of the workings of the Glasgow City Improvement Trust (from 1895, the Glasgow City Improvement Department), together with a comprehensive inventory of its architectural output. A trawl of library catalogues in the Universities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, St. Andrews and Strathclyde, as well as the Glasgow School of Art, suggests this subject is largely uncovered by academic enquiry. Brian Edwards' Ph. D thesis (cited in the Bibliography) has been the most definitive so far, dealing diligently with the Glasgow Improvement Act 1866, though it disregards the arguably more important Act of 1897. Several published narratives have touched on the subject too, but most have done so indirectly and superficially. Perfunctory treatment has helped entrench a number of inaccuracies regarding attribution. The 'Buildings of Scotland' Penguin series is not alone in ascribing St. George's Mansions, for instance, to the City Improvement Department. In fact, these buildings were erected by the Corporation's Statute Labour Department. Errors of this nature illustrate the need for a definitive bank of hard documentation. It is the author's hope the following thesis will fulfil that requirement.
2003-09-01T00:00:00ZWithey, MatthewThis dissertation comprises a descriptive and analytical account of the workings of the Glasgow City Improvement Trust (from 1895, the Glasgow City Improvement Department), together with a comprehensive inventory of its architectural output. A trawl of library catalogues in the Universities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, St. Andrews and Strathclyde, as well as the Glasgow School of Art, suggests this subject is largely uncovered by academic enquiry. Brian Edwards' Ph. D thesis (cited in the Bibliography) has been the most definitive so far, dealing diligently with the Glasgow Improvement Act 1866, though it disregards the arguably more important Act of 1897. Several published narratives have touched on the subject too, but most have done so indirectly and superficially. Perfunctory treatment has helped entrench a number of inaccuracies regarding attribution. The 'Buildings of Scotland' Penguin series is not alone in ascribing St. George's Mansions, for instance, to the City Improvement Department. In fact, these buildings were erected by the Corporation's Statute Labour Department. Errors of this nature illustrate the need for a definitive bank of hard documentation. It is the author's hope the following thesis will fulfil that requirement.The origins and development of the Scottish Parliament, 1249-1329McQueen, Alison A.B.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/64612021-03-10T15:22:33Z2002-11-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis examines the origins and development of Scottish parliaments between 1124 and 1329. Previous historians have judged that parliaments formed no place within Scotland before 1290 and no frequent roIe until the reign of Robert I. By examining the membership, business and frequency of early governmental bodies, a more thorough portrayal of their growth has been constructed.
Chapter 1 directly compares the minority governments for Alexander III, and for Lady
Margaret and the guardianship. This highlights the influence of the absence of an adult king over developing parliaments, countering the portrayal of actual parliaments held extensively during Alexander Ill's minority while showing how the guardians defined their institution due to a closer relationship with England. Chapter 2 examines English influences on the Scottish parliament, from Henry III' s involvement as father-in-law of Alexander III, to Edward I's overlordship between 1296 and 1306. Chapter 3 examines the role of parliament under John, showing the frequent meetings used to re-establish the kingship and resist Edward I's encroachment. Chapter 4 looks at the sporadic use of parliaments during the second guardianship, and how they were employed to counter the English administration and maintain Scottish authority. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 look at
the reign of Robert I, who made parliaments an essential part of government, held with
increasing frequency, expanded business and a more defined membership. In conclusion, there is significant evidence to show that parliaments not only developed across this period, but also held an important role within government and national identity well before the reign of Robert 1. This was where the king took consent and support for his policies, issued judgements or rewarded supporters, and where the community gathered during the absence of an adult monarch to maintain unity and political cohesion.
2002-11-01T00:00:00ZMcQueen, Alison A.B.This thesis examines the origins and development of Scottish parliaments between 1124 and 1329. Previous historians have judged that parliaments formed no place within Scotland before 1290 and no frequent roIe until the reign of Robert I. By examining the membership, business and frequency of early governmental bodies, a more thorough portrayal of their growth has been constructed.
Chapter 1 directly compares the minority governments for Alexander III, and for Lady
Margaret and the guardianship. This highlights the influence of the absence of an adult king over developing parliaments, countering the portrayal of actual parliaments held extensively during Alexander Ill's minority while showing how the guardians defined their institution due to a closer relationship with England. Chapter 2 examines English influences on the Scottish parliament, from Henry III' s involvement as father-in-law of Alexander III, to Edward I's overlordship between 1296 and 1306. Chapter 3 examines the role of parliament under John, showing the frequent meetings used to re-establish the kingship and resist Edward I's encroachment. Chapter 4 looks at the sporadic use of parliaments during the second guardianship, and how they were employed to counter the English administration and maintain Scottish authority. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 look at
the reign of Robert I, who made parliaments an essential part of government, held with
increasing frequency, expanded business and a more defined membership. In conclusion, there is significant evidence to show that parliaments not only developed across this period, but also held an important role within government and national identity well before the reign of Robert 1. This was where the king took consent and support for his policies, issued judgements or rewarded supporters, and where the community gathered during the absence of an adult monarch to maintain unity and political cohesion.Employment of the steamship in the Scottish east coast trades to 1850Bain, Joseph Colinhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/64182019-07-01T10:07:59Z1996-01-01T00:00:00ZThe importance of the east of Scotland in the early use and development of
the steamship appears to have been undervalued by most writers.
A general description of the development of steam navigation before about
1850 is given in order to set the scene for the specific study of Scotland's
east coast. This is followed by a brief account of the state of transport in that
area before the invention of the steamship.
A narrative is given of the introduction of steamers there, at first in the
sheltered estuaries, but gradually out into the very exposed North Sea and
waters surrounding the northern isles. This is followed by analysis of the
patterns of building and ownership of the vessels engaged in that trade. That
part of the work relies heavily on contemporary Parliamentary papers.
The influence of the early railways, as both competitors and customers is
examined.
The effect of legislation, and other action by government, is considered.
The fate of wrecked ships, and the potential for the assistance of underwater
archaeologists in assisting the historian to understand the early steamship is
assessed. This includes specific recommendations for possible future
archaeological research.
It is concluded that the east of Scotland did have an important role in the
world of the early steamship. Many of the largest steam ships in the world,
for their time, served these routes. A number of important technical
developments were tried out in the area. East of Scotland shipbuilders had a
more prominent role in constructing early steamships than has been
suggested elsewhere.
Topological maps of steamship routes for three selected years are included in
the text. Appendices give an outline chronology and a list of steam related
publications by the candidate. The final appendix gives details of the 201
steamships identified as having traded on the east of Scotland during the
period. Seventeen other ships, built in the area, but used elsewhere are listed
in a supplement at the end of that appendix.
1996-01-01T00:00:00ZBain, Joseph ColinThe importance of the east of Scotland in the early use and development of
the steamship appears to have been undervalued by most writers.
A general description of the development of steam navigation before about
1850 is given in order to set the scene for the specific study of Scotland's
east coast. This is followed by a brief account of the state of transport in that
area before the invention of the steamship.
A narrative is given of the introduction of steamers there, at first in the
sheltered estuaries, but gradually out into the very exposed North Sea and
waters surrounding the northern isles. This is followed by analysis of the
patterns of building and ownership of the vessels engaged in that trade. That
part of the work relies heavily on contemporary Parliamentary papers.
The influence of the early railways, as both competitors and customers is
examined.
The effect of legislation, and other action by government, is considered.
The fate of wrecked ships, and the potential for the assistance of underwater
archaeologists in assisting the historian to understand the early steamship is
assessed. This includes specific recommendations for possible future
archaeological research.
It is concluded that the east of Scotland did have an important role in the
world of the early steamship. Many of the largest steam ships in the world,
for their time, served these routes. A number of important technical
developments were tried out in the area. East of Scotland shipbuilders had a
more prominent role in constructing early steamships than has been
suggested elsewhere.
Topological maps of steamship routes for three selected years are included in
the text. Appendices give an outline chronology and a list of steam related
publications by the candidate. The final appendix gives details of the 201
steamships identified as having traded on the east of Scotland during the
period. Seventeen other ships, built in the area, but used elsewhere are listed
in a supplement at the end of that appendix.Identities of class, locations of radicalism : popular politics in inter-war ScotlandPetrie, Malcolm Roberthttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/63212018-02-15T12:16:32Z2014-12-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis explores the shifting political culture of inter-war Scotland and Britain via an examination of political identities and practice in Aberdeen, Dundee and Edinburgh. Drawing on the local and national archives of the Labour movement and the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) alongside government records, newspapers, personal testimony and visual sources, relations on the political Left are used as a means to evaluate this change. It is contended that, as a result of the extension of the franchise and post-war fears of a rise in political extremism, national party loyalties came to replace those local political identities, embedded in a sense of class, trade and place, which had previously sustained popular radicalism. This had crucial implications for the conduct of politics, as local customs of popular political participation declined, and British politics came to be defined by national elections. The thesis is structured in two parts. The first section considers the extent to which local identities of class and established provincial understandings of popular democracy came to be identified with an appeal to class sentiment excluded from national political debate. The second section delineates the repercussions this shift had for how and where politics was conducted, as the mass franchise discredited popular traditions of protest, removing politics from public view, and privileging the individual elector. In consequence, the confrontational traditions of popular politics came to be the preserve of those operating on the fringes of politics, especially the CPGB, and, as such, largely disappeared from British political culture. This thesis thus offers an important reassessment of the relationship between the public and politics in modern Britain, of the tensions between local and national loyalties, and of the role of place in the construction of political identities.
2014-12-01T00:00:00ZPetrie, Malcolm RobertThis thesis explores the shifting political culture of inter-war Scotland and Britain via an examination of political identities and practice in Aberdeen, Dundee and Edinburgh. Drawing on the local and national archives of the Labour movement and the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) alongside government records, newspapers, personal testimony and visual sources, relations on the political Left are used as a means to evaluate this change. It is contended that, as a result of the extension of the franchise and post-war fears of a rise in political extremism, national party loyalties came to replace those local political identities, embedded in a sense of class, trade and place, which had previously sustained popular radicalism. This had crucial implications for the conduct of politics, as local customs of popular political participation declined, and British politics came to be defined by national elections. The thesis is structured in two parts. The first section considers the extent to which local identities of class and established provincial understandings of popular democracy came to be identified with an appeal to class sentiment excluded from national political debate. The second section delineates the repercussions this shift had for how and where politics was conducted, as the mass franchise discredited popular traditions of protest, removing politics from public view, and privileging the individual elector. In consequence, the confrontational traditions of popular politics came to be the preserve of those operating on the fringes of politics, especially the CPGB, and, as such, largely disappeared from British political culture. This thesis thus offers an important reassessment of the relationship between the public and politics in modern Britain, of the tensions between local and national loyalties, and of the role of place in the construction of political identities.Diplomacy & deception : King James VI of Scotland's foreign relations with Europe (c.1584-1603)Fry, Cynthia Annhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/59022019-03-29T16:12:15Z2014-10-23T00:00:00ZThis thesis is the first attempt to provide an assessment of Scottish-Jacobean foreign relations within a European context in the years before 1603. Moreover, it represents the only cohesive study of the events that formed the foundation of the diplomatic policies and practices of the first ruler of the Three Kingdoms. Whilst extensive research has been conducted on the British and English aspects of James VI & I’s diplomatic activities, very little work has been done on James’s foreign policies prior to his accession to the English throne. James VI ruled Scotland for almost twenty years before he took on the additional role of King of England and Ireland. It was in his homeland that James developed and refined his diplomatic skills, and built the relationships with foreign powers that would continue throughout his life. James’s pre-1603 relationships with Denmark-Norway, France, Spain, the Papacy, the German and Italian states, the Spanish Netherlands and the United Provinces all influenced his later ‘British’ policies, and it is only through a study such as this that their effects can be fully understood. Through its broad scope and unique perspective, this thesis not only contributes to Scottish historiography, but also strengthens and updates our understanding of Jacobean diplomacy. Furthermore, it adds to European perspectives of international politics by re-integrating Scotland into the narrative of late sixteenth century European diplomatic history.
2014-10-23T00:00:00ZFry, Cynthia AnnThis thesis is the first attempt to provide an assessment of Scottish-Jacobean foreign relations within a European context in the years before 1603. Moreover, it represents the only cohesive study of the events that formed the foundation of the diplomatic policies and practices of the first ruler of the Three Kingdoms. Whilst extensive research has been conducted on the British and English aspects of James VI & I’s diplomatic activities, very little work has been done on James’s foreign policies prior to his accession to the English throne. James VI ruled Scotland for almost twenty years before he took on the additional role of King of England and Ireland. It was in his homeland that James developed and refined his diplomatic skills, and built the relationships with foreign powers that would continue throughout his life. James’s pre-1603 relationships with Denmark-Norway, France, Spain, the Papacy, the German and Italian states, the Spanish Netherlands and the United Provinces all influenced his later ‘British’ policies, and it is only through a study such as this that their effects can be fully understood. Through its broad scope and unique perspective, this thesis not only contributes to Scottish historiography, but also strengthens and updates our understanding of Jacobean diplomacy. Furthermore, it adds to European perspectives of international politics by re-integrating Scotland into the narrative of late sixteenth century European diplomatic history.To walk upon the grass : the impact of the University of St Andrews' Lady Literate in Arts, 1877-1892Smith, Elisabeth Margarethttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/55702019-10-15T02:04:38Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZIn 1877 the University of St Andrews initiated a unique qualification, the Lady Literate in Arts, which
came into existence initially as the LA, the Literate in Arts, a higher certificate available to women
only. Awarded by examination but as a result of a programme of distance learning, it was conceived
and explicitly promoted as a degree-level qualification at a time when women had no access to
matriculation at Scottish universities and little anywhere in the United Kingdom. From small
beginnings it expanded both in numbers of candidates and in spread of subjects and it lasted until
the early 1930s by which time over 36,000 examinations had been taken and more than 5,000
women had completed the course. The scheme had emerged in response to various needs and
external pressures which shaped its character. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the nature and
achievements of the LLA in its first fifteen years and to establish its place within the wider
movement for female equality of status and opportunity which developed in the later decades of the
nineteenth century.
The conditions under which the university introduced the LLA, its reasons for doing so, the nature of
the qualification, its progress and development in the years before 1892 when women were
admitted to Scottish universities as undergraduates and the consequences for the university itself
are all examined in detail. The geographical and social origins and the educational backgrounds of
the candidates themselves are analysed along with their age structure, their uptake of LLA subjects
and the completion rates for the award. All of these are considered against the background of the
students' later careers and life experiences.
This thesis aims to discover the extent to which the LLA was influential in shaping the lives of its
participants and in advancing the broader case for female higher education. It seeks to establish for
the first time the contribution that St Andrews LLA women made to society at large and to the wider
movement for female emancipation.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZSmith, Elisabeth MargaretIn 1877 the University of St Andrews initiated a unique qualification, the Lady Literate in Arts, which
came into existence initially as the LA, the Literate in Arts, a higher certificate available to women
only. Awarded by examination but as a result of a programme of distance learning, it was conceived
and explicitly promoted as a degree-level qualification at a time when women had no access to
matriculation at Scottish universities and little anywhere in the United Kingdom. From small
beginnings it expanded both in numbers of candidates and in spread of subjects and it lasted until
the early 1930s by which time over 36,000 examinations had been taken and more than 5,000
women had completed the course. The scheme had emerged in response to various needs and
external pressures which shaped its character. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the nature and
achievements of the LLA in its first fifteen years and to establish its place within the wider
movement for female equality of status and opportunity which developed in the later decades of the
nineteenth century.
The conditions under which the university introduced the LLA, its reasons for doing so, the nature of
the qualification, its progress and development in the years before 1892 when women were
admitted to Scottish universities as undergraduates and the consequences for the university itself
are all examined in detail. The geographical and social origins and the educational backgrounds of
the candidates themselves are analysed along with their age structure, their uptake of LLA subjects
and the completion rates for the award. All of these are considered against the background of the
students' later careers and life experiences.
This thesis aims to discover the extent to which the LLA was influential in shaping the lives of its
participants and in advancing the broader case for female higher education. It seeks to establish for
the first time the contribution that St Andrews LLA women made to society at large and to the wider
movement for female emancipation.Scottish commercial contacts with the Iberian world, 1581-1730McLoughlin, Clairehttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/45252019-03-29T16:12:15Z2014-06-26T00:00:00ZThis thesis analyses the commercial relations between Scotland and the geo-political area known as the Iberian world in the early modern period. Despite being geographically one of the largest areas of Europe, as well as arguably the politically most weighty, there has, until this thesis, been no scholarly research on Scottish trade relations with this area. Though the archives suggest regular and sustained contact, very little is known about Scottish-Iberian connections beyond the overtly political. When compared to northern Europe the region of Iberia and its dominions differed significantly, not only due to a different branch of Christianity being practised there but also due to the influence of the Habsburg empire and the power it was perceived to give the Spanish Habsburgs. Looking predominantly at Scottish commercial contacts with Spain, the Spanish Netherlands and Portugal, this project considers a number of angles such as England’s impact on Scottish commercial relations with Iberia. For example, very little would be known about Scottish commercial relations with Iberia in the late-sixteenth century if it were not for the Anglo-Spanish war of that period. The central role of conflict in Scottish-Iberian relations continues into the seventeenth century, with the Cromwellian/Stuart struggles with the Dutch Republic and later disputes between the new state of Great Britain and Habsburg Spain all affecting trade. This thesis demonstrates the important role of triangular and entrepôt trade, which was popular with Scottish merchants who wished to obtain Iberian goods without the risks of sailing into North African corsair territory. Scots did not merely pick up Iberian goods from the entrepôt markets of London and the Dutch Republic they also organised trade to Iberia and its dominions via other Scots, providing evidence of a complex trade network. Further, this thesis has sought to ascertain that, despite the lack of a large Scottish community such as those seen in Poland-Lithuania and Scandinavia, Scottish commercial relations with Iberia were valuable both to the Scottish economy and its merchants. This thesis which continues the work of the Scotland and the Wider World Project, addresses a lack of scholarly work regarding Scottish commercial connections with this key geo-political area.
2014-06-26T00:00:00ZMcLoughlin, ClaireThis thesis analyses the commercial relations between Scotland and the geo-political area known as the Iberian world in the early modern period. Despite being geographically one of the largest areas of Europe, as well as arguably the politically most weighty, there has, until this thesis, been no scholarly research on Scottish trade relations with this area. Though the archives suggest regular and sustained contact, very little is known about Scottish-Iberian connections beyond the overtly political. When compared to northern Europe the region of Iberia and its dominions differed significantly, not only due to a different branch of Christianity being practised there but also due to the influence of the Habsburg empire and the power it was perceived to give the Spanish Habsburgs. Looking predominantly at Scottish commercial contacts with Spain, the Spanish Netherlands and Portugal, this project considers a number of angles such as England’s impact on Scottish commercial relations with Iberia. For example, very little would be known about Scottish commercial relations with Iberia in the late-sixteenth century if it were not for the Anglo-Spanish war of that period. The central role of conflict in Scottish-Iberian relations continues into the seventeenth century, with the Cromwellian/Stuart struggles with the Dutch Republic and later disputes between the new state of Great Britain and Habsburg Spain all affecting trade. This thesis demonstrates the important role of triangular and entrepôt trade, which was popular with Scottish merchants who wished to obtain Iberian goods without the risks of sailing into North African corsair territory. Scots did not merely pick up Iberian goods from the entrepôt markets of London and the Dutch Republic they also organised trade to Iberia and its dominions via other Scots, providing evidence of a complex trade network. Further, this thesis has sought to ascertain that, despite the lack of a large Scottish community such as those seen in Poland-Lithuania and Scandinavia, Scottish commercial relations with Iberia were valuable both to the Scottish economy and its merchants. This thesis which continues the work of the Scotland and the Wider World Project, addresses a lack of scholarly work regarding Scottish commercial connections with this key geo-political area.The Reformation in the burgh of St Andrews : property, piety and powerRhodes, Elizabethhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/44762019-03-29T16:13:32Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis examines the impact of the Reformation on the estates of ecclesiastical
institutions and officials based in St Andrews. It argues that land and wealth were
redistributed and power structures torn apart, as St Andrews changed from Scotland’s
Catholic ecclesiastical capital to a conspicuously Protestant burgh. The rapid dispersal
of the pre-Reformation church’s considerable ecclesiastical lands and revenues had
long-term ramifications for the lives of local householders, for relations between
religious and secular authorities, and for St Andrews’ viability as an urban community.
Yet this major redistribution of wealth has had limited attention from scholars.
The first part of this study considers the role played by the Catholic Church in St
Andrews before the Reformation, and the means by which it was financed, examining
the funding of the city’s pre-Reformation ecclesiastical foundations and officials, and
arguing that (contrary to some traditional assumptions) the Catholic Church in St
Andrews was on a reasonably sound financial footing until the Reformation. The second
section considers the immediate disruption to St Andrews’ religious lands and revenues
caused by the burgh’s public conversion to Protestantism, and then explores the more
planned reorganisation of the 1560s. The disputes and difficulties triggered by the
redistribution of ecclesiastical wealth are examined, as well as the longer term impact
on St Andrews of the treatment of church revenues at the Reformation. Evidence for this
study is chiefly drawn from the extensive body of manuscripts concerning St Andrews
held by the National Library of Scotland, the National Records of Scotland, and the
University of St Andrews Special Collections.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZRhodes, ElizabethThis thesis examines the impact of the Reformation on the estates of ecclesiastical
institutions and officials based in St Andrews. It argues that land and wealth were
redistributed and power structures torn apart, as St Andrews changed from Scotland’s
Catholic ecclesiastical capital to a conspicuously Protestant burgh. The rapid dispersal
of the pre-Reformation church’s considerable ecclesiastical lands and revenues had
long-term ramifications for the lives of local householders, for relations between
religious and secular authorities, and for St Andrews’ viability as an urban community.
Yet this major redistribution of wealth has had limited attention from scholars.
The first part of this study considers the role played by the Catholic Church in St
Andrews before the Reformation, and the means by which it was financed, examining
the funding of the city’s pre-Reformation ecclesiastical foundations and officials, and
arguing that (contrary to some traditional assumptions) the Catholic Church in St
Andrews was on a reasonably sound financial footing until the Reformation. The second
section considers the immediate disruption to St Andrews’ religious lands and revenues
caused by the burgh’s public conversion to Protestantism, and then explores the more
planned reorganisation of the 1560s. The disputes and difficulties triggered by the
redistribution of ecclesiastical wealth are examined, as well as the longer term impact
on St Andrews of the treatment of church revenues at the Reformation. Evidence for this
study is chiefly drawn from the extensive body of manuscripts concerning St Andrews
held by the National Library of Scotland, the National Records of Scotland, and the
University of St Andrews Special Collections.Ethnonyms in the place-names of Scotland and the Border counties of EnglandMorgan, Ailig Peadar Morganhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/41642019-07-01T10:08:22Z2013-11-30T00:00:00ZThis study has collected and analysed a database of place-names containing potential ethnonymic elements. Competing models of ethnicity are investigated and applied to names about which there is reasonable confidence. A number of motivations for employment of ethnonyms in place-names emerge. Ongoing interaction between ethnicities is marked by reference to domain or borderland, and occasional interaction by reference to resource or transit. More superficial interaction is expressed in names of commemorative, antiquarian or figurative motivation.
The implications of the names for our understanding of the history of individual ethnicities are considered. Distribution of Walh-names has been extended north into Scotland; but reference may be to Romance-speaking feudal incomers, not the British. Briton-names are confirmed in Cumberland and are found on and beyond the fringes of the polity of Strathclyde. Dumbarton, however, is an antiquarian coining. Distribution of Cumbrian-names suggests that the south side of the Solway Firth was not securely under Cumbrian influence; but also that the ethnicity, expanding in the tenth century, was found from the Ayrshire coast to East Lothian, with the Saxon culture under pressure in the Southern Uplands. An ethnonym borrowed from British in the name Cumberland and the Lothian outlier of Cummercolstoun had either entered northern English dialect or was being employed by the Cumbrians themselves to coin these names in Old English. If the latter, such self-referential pronouncement in a language contact situation was from a position of status, in contrast to the ethnicism of the Gaels. Growing Gaelic self-awareness is manifested in early-modern domain demarcation and self-referential naming of routes across the cultural boundary. But by the nineteenth century cultural change came from within, with the impact felt most acutely in west-mainland and Hebridean Argyll, according to the toponymic evidence.
Earlier interfaces between Gaelic and Scots are indicated on the east of the Firth of Clyde by the early fourteenth century, under the Sidlaws and in Buchan by the fifteenth, in Caithness and in Perthshire by the sixteenth. Earlier, Norse-speakers may have referred to Gaels in the hills of Kintyre. The border between Scotland and England was toponymically marked, but not until the modern era. In Carrick, Argyll and north and west of the Great Glen, Albanians were to be contrasted, not necessarily linguistically, from neighbouring Gaelic-speakers; Alba is probably to be equated with the ancient territory of Scotia. Early Scot-names, recorded from the twelfth century, similarly reflect expanding Scotian influence in Cumberland and Lothian. However, late instances refer to Gaelic-speakers. Most Eireannach-names refer to wedder goats rather than the ethnonym, but residual Gaelic-speakers in east Dumfriesshire are indicated by Erisch-names at the end of the fifteenth century or later. Others west into Galloway suggest an earlier Irish immigration, probably as a consequence of normanisation and of engagement in Irish Sea politics.
Other immigrants include French estate administrators, Flemish wool producers and English feudal subjects. The latter have long been discussed, but the relationship of the north-eastern Ingliston-names to mottes is rejected, and that of the south-western Ingleston-names is rather to former motte-hills with degraded fortifications. Most Dane-names are also antiquarian, attracted less by folk memory than by modern folklore. The Goill could also be summoned out of the past to explain defensive remains in particular. Antiquarianism in the eighteenth century onwards similarly ascribed many remains to the Picts and the Cruithnians, though in Shetland a long-standing supernatural association with the Picts may have been maintained. Ethnicities were invoked to personify past cultures, but ethnonyms also commemorate actual events, typified by Sasannach-names. These tend to recall dramatic, generally fatal, incidents, usually involving soldiers or sailors.
Any figures of secular authority or hostile activity from outwith the community came to be considered Goill, but also agents of ecclesiastical authority or economic activity and passing travellers by land or sea. The label Goill, ostensibly providing 178 of the 652 probable ethnonymic database entries, is in most names no indication of ethnicity, culture or language. It had a medieval geographical reference, however, to Hebrideans, and did develop renewed, early-modern specificity in response to a vague concept of Scottish society outwith the Gaelic cultural domain.
The study concludes by considering the forms of interaction between ethnicities and looking at the names as a set. It proposes classification of those recalled in the names as overlord, interloper or native.
2013-11-30T00:00:00ZMorgan, Ailig Peadar MorganThis study has collected and analysed a database of place-names containing potential ethnonymic elements. Competing models of ethnicity are investigated and applied to names about which there is reasonable confidence. A number of motivations for employment of ethnonyms in place-names emerge. Ongoing interaction between ethnicities is marked by reference to domain or borderland, and occasional interaction by reference to resource or transit. More superficial interaction is expressed in names of commemorative, antiquarian or figurative motivation.
The implications of the names for our understanding of the history of individual ethnicities are considered. Distribution of Walh-names has been extended north into Scotland; but reference may be to Romance-speaking feudal incomers, not the British. Briton-names are confirmed in Cumberland and are found on and beyond the fringes of the polity of Strathclyde. Dumbarton, however, is an antiquarian coining. Distribution of Cumbrian-names suggests that the south side of the Solway Firth was not securely under Cumbrian influence; but also that the ethnicity, expanding in the tenth century, was found from the Ayrshire coast to East Lothian, with the Saxon culture under pressure in the Southern Uplands. An ethnonym borrowed from British in the name Cumberland and the Lothian outlier of Cummercolstoun had either entered northern English dialect or was being employed by the Cumbrians themselves to coin these names in Old English. If the latter, such self-referential pronouncement in a language contact situation was from a position of status, in contrast to the ethnicism of the Gaels. Growing Gaelic self-awareness is manifested in early-modern domain demarcation and self-referential naming of routes across the cultural boundary. But by the nineteenth century cultural change came from within, with the impact felt most acutely in west-mainland and Hebridean Argyll, according to the toponymic evidence.
Earlier interfaces between Gaelic and Scots are indicated on the east of the Firth of Clyde by the early fourteenth century, under the Sidlaws and in Buchan by the fifteenth, in Caithness and in Perthshire by the sixteenth. Earlier, Norse-speakers may have referred to Gaels in the hills of Kintyre. The border between Scotland and England was toponymically marked, but not until the modern era. In Carrick, Argyll and north and west of the Great Glen, Albanians were to be contrasted, not necessarily linguistically, from neighbouring Gaelic-speakers; Alba is probably to be equated with the ancient territory of Scotia. Early Scot-names, recorded from the twelfth century, similarly reflect expanding Scotian influence in Cumberland and Lothian. However, late instances refer to Gaelic-speakers. Most Eireannach-names refer to wedder goats rather than the ethnonym, but residual Gaelic-speakers in east Dumfriesshire are indicated by Erisch-names at the end of the fifteenth century or later. Others west into Galloway suggest an earlier Irish immigration, probably as a consequence of normanisation and of engagement in Irish Sea politics.
Other immigrants include French estate administrators, Flemish wool producers and English feudal subjects. The latter have long been discussed, but the relationship of the north-eastern Ingliston-names to mottes is rejected, and that of the south-western Ingleston-names is rather to former motte-hills with degraded fortifications. Most Dane-names are also antiquarian, attracted less by folk memory than by modern folklore. The Goill could also be summoned out of the past to explain defensive remains in particular. Antiquarianism in the eighteenth century onwards similarly ascribed many remains to the Picts and the Cruithnians, though in Shetland a long-standing supernatural association with the Picts may have been maintained. Ethnicities were invoked to personify past cultures, but ethnonyms also commemorate actual events, typified by Sasannach-names. These tend to recall dramatic, generally fatal, incidents, usually involving soldiers or sailors.
Any figures of secular authority or hostile activity from outwith the community came to be considered Goill, but also agents of ecclesiastical authority or economic activity and passing travellers by land or sea. The label Goill, ostensibly providing 178 of the 652 probable ethnonymic database entries, is in most names no indication of ethnicity, culture or language. It had a medieval geographical reference, however, to Hebrideans, and did develop renewed, early-modern specificity in response to a vague concept of Scottish society outwith the Gaelic cultural domain.
The study concludes by considering the forms of interaction between ethnicities and looking at the names as a set. It proposes classification of those recalled in the names as overlord, interloper or native.Female petty crime in Dundee, 1865-1925 : alcohol, prostitution and recidivism in a Scottish cityHaider, Sukihttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/41262019-07-01T10:10:16Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZLate-nineteenth and early twentieth-century Dundee had a strikingly large female
workforce and this fact has attracted much scholarly attention. But existing research
has not probed the official crime records to determine whether the associated local
stereotype of the disorderly mill worker, as a ‘moral blot’ on the landscape, is
justified. This study looks at female criminality in Dundee 1865–1925. It finds that
drunkenness, breach of the peace and theft were the leading female offences and that
the women most strongly associated with criminality belonged to the marginalised
sections of the working class. Amongst them were the unskilled mill girls prominent
in the contemporary discussions, but it was prostitutes and women of ‘No Trade’ who
appear to have challenged the police most often. They were frequently repeat
offenders and consequently this thesis devotes considerable attention to the women
entrenched in Dundee’s criminal justice system. A pattern noted in the city’s
recidivism statistics, and often echoed elsewhere, is that the most persistent offenders
were women. The fact that men perpetrated the majority of petty crime raises the
suspicion that the police statistics capture differential policing of male and female
recidivists – an idea that builds upon feminist theory and Howard Taylor’s stance on
judicial statistics. Yet a detailed study of the archives reveals that there are as many
examples of the police treating women fairly as there are of gender-biased law.
Indeed, several practical constraints hindered over-zealous policing, one of which was
the tendency of the local magistrates to throw out cases against prostitutes and female
drunks. This thesis, taking the police and court records as a whole, emphasizes that it
was generally pragmatism, rather than prejudice, that guided the sanctioning of
female recidivists in Dundee.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZHaider, SukiLate-nineteenth and early twentieth-century Dundee had a strikingly large female
workforce and this fact has attracted much scholarly attention. But existing research
has not probed the official crime records to determine whether the associated local
stereotype of the disorderly mill worker, as a ‘moral blot’ on the landscape, is
justified. This study looks at female criminality in Dundee 1865–1925. It finds that
drunkenness, breach of the peace and theft were the leading female offences and that
the women most strongly associated with criminality belonged to the marginalised
sections of the working class. Amongst them were the unskilled mill girls prominent
in the contemporary discussions, but it was prostitutes and women of ‘No Trade’ who
appear to have challenged the police most often. They were frequently repeat
offenders and consequently this thesis devotes considerable attention to the women
entrenched in Dundee’s criminal justice system. A pattern noted in the city’s
recidivism statistics, and often echoed elsewhere, is that the most persistent offenders
were women. The fact that men perpetrated the majority of petty crime raises the
suspicion that the police statistics capture differential policing of male and female
recidivists – an idea that builds upon feminist theory and Howard Taylor’s stance on
judicial statistics. Yet a detailed study of the archives reveals that there are as many
examples of the police treating women fairly as there are of gender-biased law.
Indeed, several practical constraints hindered over-zealous policing, one of which was
the tendency of the local magistrates to throw out cases against prostitutes and female
drunks. This thesis, taking the police and court records as a whole, emphasizes that it
was generally pragmatism, rather than prejudice, that guided the sanctioning of
female recidivists in Dundee.Propaganda and persuasion in the early Scottish Reformation, c.1527-1557Tapscott, Elizabeth L.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/41152019-07-01T10:12:21Z2013-11-30T00:00:00ZThe decades before the Scottish Reformation Parliament of 1560 witnessed the unprecedented use of a range of different media to disseminate the Protestant message and to shape beliefs and attitudes. By placing these works within their historical context, this thesis explores the ways in which various media – academic discourse, courtly entertainments, printed poetry, public performances, preaching and pedagogical tools – were employed by evangelical and Protestant reformers to persuade and/or educate different audiences within sixteenth-century Scottish society. The thematic approach examines not only how the reformist message was packaged, but how the movement itself and its persuasive agenda developed, revealing the ways in which it appealed to ever broader circles of Scottish society.
In their efforts to bring about religious change, the reformers capitalised on a number of traditional media, while using different media to address different audiences. Hoping to initiate reform from within Church institutions, the reformers first addressed their appeals to the kingdom’s educated elite. When their attempts at reasoned academic discourse met with resistance, they turned their attention to the monarch, James V, and the royal court. Reformers within the court utilised courtly entertainments intended to amuse the royal circle and to influence the young king to oversee the reformation of religion within his realm. When, following James’s untimely death in 1542, the throne passed to his infant daughter, the reformers took advantage of the period of uncertainty that accompanied the minority. Through the relatively new technology of print, David Lindsay’s poetry and English propaganda presented the reformist message to audiences beyond the kingdom’s elite. Lindsay and other reformers also exploited the oral media of religious theatre in public spaces, while preaching was one of the most theologically significant, though under-researched, means of disseminating the reformist message. In addition to works intended to convert, the reformers also recognised the need for literature to edify the already converted. To this end, they produced pedagogical tools for use in individual and group devotions. Through the examination of these various media of persuasion, this study contributes to our understanding of the means by which reformed ideas were disseminated in Scotland, as well as the development of the reformist movement before 1560.
2013-11-30T00:00:00ZTapscott, Elizabeth L.The decades before the Scottish Reformation Parliament of 1560 witnessed the unprecedented use of a range of different media to disseminate the Protestant message and to shape beliefs and attitudes. By placing these works within their historical context, this thesis explores the ways in which various media – academic discourse, courtly entertainments, printed poetry, public performances, preaching and pedagogical tools – were employed by evangelical and Protestant reformers to persuade and/or educate different audiences within sixteenth-century Scottish society. The thematic approach examines not only how the reformist message was packaged, but how the movement itself and its persuasive agenda developed, revealing the ways in which it appealed to ever broader circles of Scottish society.
In their efforts to bring about religious change, the reformers capitalised on a number of traditional media, while using different media to address different audiences. Hoping to initiate reform from within Church institutions, the reformers first addressed their appeals to the kingdom’s educated elite. When their attempts at reasoned academic discourse met with resistance, they turned their attention to the monarch, James V, and the royal court. Reformers within the court utilised courtly entertainments intended to amuse the royal circle and to influence the young king to oversee the reformation of religion within his realm. When, following James’s untimely death in 1542, the throne passed to his infant daughter, the reformers took advantage of the period of uncertainty that accompanied the minority. Through the relatively new technology of print, David Lindsay’s poetry and English propaganda presented the reformist message to audiences beyond the kingdom’s elite. Lindsay and other reformers also exploited the oral media of religious theatre in public spaces, while preaching was one of the most theologically significant, though under-researched, means of disseminating the reformist message. In addition to works intended to convert, the reformers also recognised the need for literature to edify the already converted. To this end, they produced pedagogical tools for use in individual and group devotions. Through the examination of these various media of persuasion, this study contributes to our understanding of the means by which reformed ideas were disseminated in Scotland, as well as the development of the reformist movement before 1560.The impact of the Union of 1707 on early eighteenth-century Fife electoral politics, 1707-1747Deatherage, Janet V.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/37082019-03-29T16:13:32Z2006-01-01T00:00:00ZIn an unprecedented act of peaceful, albeit contentious, statesmanship, the 1707 Treaty of Union joined Scotland and England into one sovereign country. Now governed by the
Parliament of Great Britain, Scotland was allowed forty-five parliamentary members divided between the country's counties and burghs. Relinquishing its own Parliament, Scotland was obligated to adapt and to accept a seismic shift in the political management of its government.
Not only were Scottish politics affected by this shift at a national level, but local elections were also significantly impacted by this change. Due to its physical size, peculiar demographics, and politically-active gentry, the county of Fife has proven to be an ideal subject for studying this process. By providing a comprehensive examination of the impact of the Union on the local government and electoral politics of one Scottish county, this study shows that while the Union fundamentally altered the manner in which local politics
functioned, the localities not only adapted to the new electoral procedures, but party politics in particular were allowed to grow and flourish.
Fife's county records have proven to be a particularly rich and underused resource for this study. The minute books of town council meetings for each of Fife's major royal burghs, covering the years 1707-1747, have been examined, along with a complete set of minutes from the Commissioners of Supply, the county body responsible for the collection of the land tax and, crucially, for determining electoral qualification. Correspondence, in the form of letters and memoranda from Fife's leading politicians, has allowed the reconstruction of several important elections which in tum provide evidence for the argument that party
politics in Scotland not only survived after Union but also thrived in an era of unparalleled electoral competition.
Partially owing to the reduction in parliamentary representation at Westminster, the political parties in Scotland experienced tremendous growth. Contrary to recent historiography, however, no significant evidence of corruption was found in the operations of the county franchise from the first Fife elections held in 1708 through to 1747, the end of the present
study's span. The burgh electoral structure, conversely, both permitted and experienced
gross manipulation by the parties competing for the few parliamentary seats now allocated to the Scottish burghs.
This study demonstrates that political parties thrived in the new era of Scottish partisan politics ushered in by Union. Fife, in particular, adapted creatively to the new order. This suggests that an increasingly vibrant culture oflocal political competition and argument in
the early eighteenth century was actually a likely consequence at the local level of Scotland's national integration into the new state of Great Britain.
2006-01-01T00:00:00ZDeatherage, Janet V.In an unprecedented act of peaceful, albeit contentious, statesmanship, the 1707 Treaty of Union joined Scotland and England into one sovereign country. Now governed by the
Parliament of Great Britain, Scotland was allowed forty-five parliamentary members divided between the country's counties and burghs. Relinquishing its own Parliament, Scotland was obligated to adapt and to accept a seismic shift in the political management of its government.
Not only were Scottish politics affected by this shift at a national level, but local elections were also significantly impacted by this change. Due to its physical size, peculiar demographics, and politically-active gentry, the county of Fife has proven to be an ideal subject for studying this process. By providing a comprehensive examination of the impact of the Union on the local government and electoral politics of one Scottish county, this study shows that while the Union fundamentally altered the manner in which local politics
functioned, the localities not only adapted to the new electoral procedures, but party politics in particular were allowed to grow and flourish.
Fife's county records have proven to be a particularly rich and underused resource for this study. The minute books of town council meetings for each of Fife's major royal burghs, covering the years 1707-1747, have been examined, along with a complete set of minutes from the Commissioners of Supply, the county body responsible for the collection of the land tax and, crucially, for determining electoral qualification. Correspondence, in the form of letters and memoranda from Fife's leading politicians, has allowed the reconstruction of several important elections which in tum provide evidence for the argument that party
politics in Scotland not only survived after Union but also thrived in an era of unparalleled electoral competition.
Partially owing to the reduction in parliamentary representation at Westminster, the political parties in Scotland experienced tremendous growth. Contrary to recent historiography, however, no significant evidence of corruption was found in the operations of the county franchise from the first Fife elections held in 1708 through to 1747, the end of the present
study's span. The burgh electoral structure, conversely, both permitted and experienced
gross manipulation by the parties competing for the few parliamentary seats now allocated to the Scottish burghs.
This study demonstrates that political parties thrived in the new era of Scottish partisan politics ushered in by Union. Fife, in particular, adapted creatively to the new order. This suggests that an increasingly vibrant culture oflocal political competition and argument in
the early eighteenth century was actually a likely consequence at the local level of Scotland's national integration into the new state of Great Britain.A biographical and critical study of the life and writings of Sir David Dalrymple, Lord HailesCarnie, Robert Hayhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/35282019-07-01T10:03:57Z1954-01-01T00:00:00ZThe name of Sir David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes has always been known to students of Scottish history by reason of his "Annals of Scotland", long accepted as a fundamental reference book for that period of Scottish history which it covers. It is safe to say, however that few of his other historical publications are now read. Those familiar with the anti-Gibbon literature also know him as one of Gibbon's most respected critics, while the recent studies of the 18th Century revival of interest in early and medieval literature have revealed his key position in this movement, both as an editor, and as an adviser and helper to others. In the legal profession, he was highly thought of as a lawyer and judge, and the number and importance of his correspondents testify to his wide acquaintance and high reputation amongst men of learning. Despite all this, no full account of the man and his work has previously been made, although there have been several unfinished attempts. [...] An attempt has been made to fit Hailes into the cultural and social background of his times, and to make some estimate of the influence and importance of his published work, with particular reference to the fields of history and literature. Much of the basic research in this thesis was done in compiling Appendices A and B. No reliable list of Hailes's publications has ever been drawn up, and Appendix A is a serious attempt to fill this gap. A complete check-list of Hailes's extant correspondence has not been attempted previously and Appendix B is designed to supply this omission. [Abstract taken from longer Foreword].
1954-01-01T00:00:00ZCarnie, Robert HayThe name of Sir David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes has always been known to students of Scottish history by reason of his "Annals of Scotland", long accepted as a fundamental reference book for that period of Scottish history which it covers. It is safe to say, however that few of his other historical publications are now read. Those familiar with the anti-Gibbon literature also know him as one of Gibbon's most respected critics, while the recent studies of the 18th Century revival of interest in early and medieval literature have revealed his key position in this movement, both as an editor, and as an adviser and helper to others. In the legal profession, he was highly thought of as a lawyer and judge, and the number and importance of his correspondents testify to his wide acquaintance and high reputation amongst men of learning. Despite all this, no full account of the man and his work has previously been made, although there have been several unfinished attempts. [...] An attempt has been made to fit Hailes into the cultural and social background of his times, and to make some estimate of the influence and importance of his published work, with particular reference to the fields of history and literature. Much of the basic research in this thesis was done in compiling Appendices A and B. No reliable list of Hailes's publications has ever been drawn up, and Appendix A is a serious attempt to fill this gap. A complete check-list of Hailes's extant correspondence has not been attempted previously and Appendix B is designed to supply this omission. [Abstract taken from longer Foreword].The apocalyptic tradition in Scotland, 1588-1688Drinnon, David A.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/33862019-07-01T10:19:17Z2013-06-01T00:00:00ZThroughout the seventeenth century, numerous Scots became convinced that the major political and religious upheavals of their age signified the fulfillment of, or further unfolding of, the vivid prophecies described in the Book of Revelation which foretell of the final consummation of all things. To date, however, an in-depth analysis of the evolution of Scottish apocalyptic belief during the seventeenth century has never been undertaken. This thesis utilizes a wide variety of source material to demonstrate the existence of a cohesive, persistent, and largely conservative tradition of apocalyptic thought in Scotland that spanned the years 1588 to 1688. Chapter One examines several influential commentaries on the Book of Revelation published by notable Scots during the decades either side of the Union of Crowns. These works reveal many of the principal characteristics that formed the basis of the Scottish apocalyptic tradition. The most important of these traits which became a consistent feature of the tradition was the rejection of millenarianism. In recent years, historians have exaggerated the influence of millenarian ideals in Scotland during the Covenanting movement which began in 1638. Chapter Two argues that Scottish Covenanters consistently denounced millenarianism as a dangerous, subversive doctrine that could lead to the religious radicalism espoused by sixteenth-century German Anabaptists. Chapter Three looks at political and religious factors which led to the general decline of apocalyptic expectancy in Scotland during the Interregnum. It also demonstrates how, despite this decline, Scottish apocalyptic thinkers continued to uphold the primary traits of the apocalyptic tradition which surfaced over the first half of the century. Lastly, Chapter Four explains how state-enforced religious persecution of Scottish Presbyterians during the Restoration period led to the radicalisation of the tradition and inspired the violent actions of Covenanter extremists who believed they had been chosen by God to act as instruments of his divine vengeance in the latter-days.
2013-06-01T00:00:00ZDrinnon, David A.Throughout the seventeenth century, numerous Scots became convinced that the major political and religious upheavals of their age signified the fulfillment of, or further unfolding of, the vivid prophecies described in the Book of Revelation which foretell of the final consummation of all things. To date, however, an in-depth analysis of the evolution of Scottish apocalyptic belief during the seventeenth century has never been undertaken. This thesis utilizes a wide variety of source material to demonstrate the existence of a cohesive, persistent, and largely conservative tradition of apocalyptic thought in Scotland that spanned the years 1588 to 1688. Chapter One examines several influential commentaries on the Book of Revelation published by notable Scots during the decades either side of the Union of Crowns. These works reveal many of the principal characteristics that formed the basis of the Scottish apocalyptic tradition. The most important of these traits which became a consistent feature of the tradition was the rejection of millenarianism. In recent years, historians have exaggerated the influence of millenarian ideals in Scotland during the Covenanting movement which began in 1638. Chapter Two argues that Scottish Covenanters consistently denounced millenarianism as a dangerous, subversive doctrine that could lead to the religious radicalism espoused by sixteenth-century German Anabaptists. Chapter Three looks at political and religious factors which led to the general decline of apocalyptic expectancy in Scotland during the Interregnum. It also demonstrates how, despite this decline, Scottish apocalyptic thinkers continued to uphold the primary traits of the apocalyptic tradition which surfaced over the first half of the century. Lastly, Chapter Four explains how state-enforced religious persecution of Scottish Presbyterians during the Restoration period led to the radicalisation of the tradition and inspired the violent actions of Covenanter extremists who believed they had been chosen by God to act as instruments of his divine vengeance in the latter-days.The minority of King James V, 1513-1528Emond, William Kevinhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/29692019-03-29T16:13:14Z1989-01-01T00:00:00ZThe thesis is a detailed study of Scottish central government
institutions, personnel and policies during the long and politically complex
minority of James V 1513-1528. Research has been undertaken principally in
the records of the Lords of Council which have never been published nor
examined intensively for this period. Documents from various family
collections further supplement the wide range of record sources which have
been published, particularly the Letters and Papers..., and State Papers of
Henry VIII. The contribution ma4g by contemporary and later chroniclers has
also been examined with the conclusion that their contributions are of some
value, provided that due recognition is given to their motivation for writing
history.
Examination of the role and influence of faction at Court, pro-English
against pro-French, has broadened the scope of the thesis to include
discussion of the wider themes of Scottish foreign policy in the early
sixteenth century. Consideration is also given to the effect of the
unprecedented opportunities presented to England and France for interference
through the rival claims to authority made by Queen Margaret Tudor, mother of
James V, and John, Duke of Albany, the nearest male relative of the young
King. The complex political machinations following Albany's final departure
in 1524, which led to the domination of the Scottish government by Archibald,
6th Earl of Angus, during the final years of James V's minority are discussed
at length.
The conclusion is that the development of royal autocracy was hindered
by the King's youth and that this minority contributes to the evidence that,
in general, minorities acted as a safety-valve in the development of Scottish
government, preserving a balance between the interests of crown and magnates.
Nevertheless, there was a genuine desire shown by the magnates to have a
Governor able to act as if he was a-king of full age because of the advantage
such a position could bring, especially in foreign relations. Government did
not stagnate because there was no adult king.
1989-01-01T00:00:00ZEmond, William KevinThe thesis is a detailed study of Scottish central government
institutions, personnel and policies during the long and politically complex
minority of James V 1513-1528. Research has been undertaken principally in
the records of the Lords of Council which have never been published nor
examined intensively for this period. Documents from various family
collections further supplement the wide range of record sources which have
been published, particularly the Letters and Papers..., and State Papers of
Henry VIII. The contribution ma4g by contemporary and later chroniclers has
also been examined with the conclusion that their contributions are of some
value, provided that due recognition is given to their motivation for writing
history.
Examination of the role and influence of faction at Court, pro-English
against pro-French, has broadened the scope of the thesis to include
discussion of the wider themes of Scottish foreign policy in the early
sixteenth century. Consideration is also given to the effect of the
unprecedented opportunities presented to England and France for interference
through the rival claims to authority made by Queen Margaret Tudor, mother of
James V, and John, Duke of Albany, the nearest male relative of the young
King. The complex political machinations following Albany's final departure
in 1524, which led to the domination of the Scottish government by Archibald,
6th Earl of Angus, during the final years of James V's minority are discussed
at length.
The conclusion is that the development of royal autocracy was hindered
by the King's youth and that this minority contributes to the evidence that,
in general, minorities acted as a safety-valve in the development of Scottish
government, preserving a balance between the interests of crown and magnates.
Nevertheless, there was a genuine desire shown by the magnates to have a
Governor able to act as if he was a-king of full age because of the advantage
such a position could bring, especially in foreign relations. Government did
not stagnate because there was no adult king.Whales, dolphins and porpoises in the economy and culture of peasant fishermen in Norway, Orkney, Shetland, Faroe Islands and Iceland, ca.900 - 1900 A.D., and Norse Greenland, ca.1000 - 1500 A.D.Lindquist, Olehttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/29532019-08-26T10:53:55Z1994-01-01T00:00:00ZBy way of
introduction
the thesis considers Norse whaling
history, in
general, concepts like 'whaling tradition',
'whaling
culture', and
describes the approach to the divers
studies of cetaceans
in Norse
peasant fisherman
economy and
culture and of Norse
whaling techniques,
ca 900-1900 AD.
It is
argued that the Icelandic littoral
and
inshore
régime reflects the primordial Norse
régime
in
which
property zones on
land
are 'mirrored' in the littoral and
the sea; furthermore, that the Orcadian-Shetlandic Udal ebb
limit is
not Norse in
origin. Norse
mediaeval cetology and
popular views about real and fictitious
whales are studied.
Many
whales are
identified, including
the now extinct North
Atlantic
gray whale
is
positively identified
as previously
well-known to, and
hunted by, the Icelanders. It is
argued that traditional Norse
whale measures
in 'ells' are
not exaggerated extent measures but
often exact
appraisement sums, using a unit called
*hvalsalin
('whale
ell'). Few ritual aspects are found but in West Norway
peasant fisherman
apparently sustained, into the 19th
century, a
tradition of sacrificing whale tails to the old
Norse
god Njörðr. Mediaeval
and early modern Norwegian
whale traps are
discussed
and land
rise suggested as one
reason for their disappearance. A technical and linguistic
analysis demonstrates that mediaeval Norse
whaling with
piercing weapons, rather than being hand harpoon tow
whaling, was spear whaling which continued
in Norway
until
1870 and
in Iceland to the mid 1890s. Spear
whaling
explains the elaborate Icelandic
system of registrating
whaling shot marks and partly the wide 'driftage
zone' of
coastal estates there. Spearing
and arrowing caused
clostridium infection in the whales which usually died in
a matter of days
after which some were recovered. It is
also argued that gaffing of
larger
cetaceans constitutes a
separate whaling method.
The Appendix
contains numerous calendars and sources
in
the original, including
transcriptions
of parts of the
'Icelandic fishlore' by Jón
Ólafsson
frá Grunnavík, 1737,
and the whole treatise by Andreas Christie, 'Account
of the
whaling
in Sotra district', West Norway, from 1785/86, all
with tentative English translations and summaries.
Thesis also available on the Fishernet Project's website: http://fishernet.is/en/whale-a-seal-hunting
1994-01-01T00:00:00ZLindquist, OleBy way of
introduction
the thesis considers Norse whaling
history, in
general, concepts like 'whaling tradition',
'whaling
culture', and
describes the approach to the divers
studies of cetaceans
in Norse
peasant fisherman
economy and
culture and of Norse
whaling techniques,
ca 900-1900 AD.
It is
argued that the Icelandic littoral
and
inshore
régime reflects the primordial Norse
régime
in
which
property zones on
land
are 'mirrored' in the littoral and
the sea; furthermore, that the Orcadian-Shetlandic Udal ebb
limit is
not Norse in
origin. Norse
mediaeval cetology and
popular views about real and fictitious
whales are studied.
Many
whales are
identified, including
the now extinct North
Atlantic
gray whale
is
positively identified
as previously
well-known to, and
hunted by, the Icelanders. It is
argued that traditional Norse
whale measures
in 'ells' are
not exaggerated extent measures but
often exact
appraisement sums, using a unit called
*hvalsalin
('whale
ell'). Few ritual aspects are found but in West Norway
peasant fisherman
apparently sustained, into the 19th
century, a
tradition of sacrificing whale tails to the old
Norse
god Njörðr. Mediaeval
and early modern Norwegian
whale traps are
discussed
and land
rise suggested as one
reason for their disappearance. A technical and linguistic
analysis demonstrates that mediaeval Norse
whaling with
piercing weapons, rather than being hand harpoon tow
whaling, was spear whaling which continued
in Norway
until
1870 and
in Iceland to the mid 1890s. Spear
whaling
explains the elaborate Icelandic
system of registrating
whaling shot marks and partly the wide 'driftage
zone' of
coastal estates there. Spearing
and arrowing caused
clostridium infection in the whales which usually died in
a matter of days
after which some were recovered. It is
also argued that gaffing of
larger
cetaceans constitutes a
separate whaling method.
The Appendix
contains numerous calendars and sources
in
the original, including
transcriptions
of parts of the
'Icelandic fishlore' by Jón
Ólafsson
frá Grunnavík, 1737,
and the whole treatise by Andreas Christie, 'Account
of the
whaling
in Sotra district', West Norway, from 1785/86, all
with tentative English translations and summaries.The Forfeited Estates Papers, 1745: a study of the work of the Commissioners for the Forfeited Annexed Estates, 1755-1784, with particular reference to their contribution to the development of communications in Scotland in the eighteenth centurySmith, Annette M.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29232019-03-29T16:12:28Z1975-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Scottish Record Office collection of the Forfeited Estates
Papers, 1745, is voluminous, including the documents of the Barons of
the Exchequer in Scotland concerning all those estates forfeited in
1747 as well as those relating to forfeited estates that were annexed
to the Crown in 1752 and managed by the Board of Commissioners for the
Forfeited Estates. This thesis is primarily a study of the work of
the Board. [Not from the Abstract - taken from the Preface].
1975-01-01T00:00:00ZSmith, Annette M.The Scottish Record Office collection of the Forfeited Estates
Papers, 1745, is voluminous, including the documents of the Barons of
the Exchequer in Scotland concerning all those estates forfeited in
1747 as well as those relating to forfeited estates that were annexed
to the Crown in 1752 and managed by the Board of Commissioners for the
Forfeited Estates. This thesis is primarily a study of the work of
the Board. [Not from the Abstract - taken from the Preface].The image of the Highland Clearances, c. 1880-1990Gourievidis, Laurencehttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/28982019-08-26T11:17:21Z1994-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Highland Clearances have featured in many historical
analyses over the past thirty years and have particularly attracted
the attention of socio-economic historians interested in the study
of agricultural changes, their causes and multi-faceted impact on
the Highland region and society. Yet it seems that the
increasingly refined knowledge that the period now enjoys has
hardly percolated down to the popular interpretation given of the
events.
The present study concerns itself with the popular
representations of the Highland Clearances which, to a large
extent, are consensual and are revealing of the collective
attitudes towards the period, especially in the crofting districts.
The first part concentrates on the historiographical background of
the period since the nineteenth century, so as to establish the
fund of knowledge gradually accumulated on the times, the
standpoints adopted by the various historical currents and the
evolution in historical methods and perspective. To convey the
collective perception on the Clearances, three areas are selected:
twentieth-century Scottish fiction, political writings and the
museum world. Through the individual analysis of each, the themes,
elements and viewpoints which have been given priority, will
emerge.
The popular representation of the Clearances yields as much
information on the way people see their past as on current
attitudes and concerns since it is, more often than not, recycled
to fit a particular reading. It is also, because of its
consistency and its recurrence, a mark of the significance of the
period in the collective memory and sense of identity of the
inhabitants of the crofting districts.
1994-01-01T00:00:00ZGourievidis, LaurenceThe Highland Clearances have featured in many historical
analyses over the past thirty years and have particularly attracted
the attention of socio-economic historians interested in the study
of agricultural changes, their causes and multi-faceted impact on
the Highland region and society. Yet it seems that the
increasingly refined knowledge that the period now enjoys has
hardly percolated down to the popular interpretation given of the
events.
The present study concerns itself with the popular
representations of the Highland Clearances which, to a large
extent, are consensual and are revealing of the collective
attitudes towards the period, especially in the crofting districts.
The first part concentrates on the historiographical background of
the period since the nineteenth century, so as to establish the
fund of knowledge gradually accumulated on the times, the
standpoints adopted by the various historical currents and the
evolution in historical methods and perspective. To convey the
collective perception on the Clearances, three areas are selected:
twentieth-century Scottish fiction, political writings and the
museum world. Through the individual analysis of each, the themes,
elements and viewpoints which have been given priority, will
emerge.
The popular representation of the Clearances yields as much
information on the way people see their past as on current
attitudes and concerns since it is, more often than not, recycled
to fit a particular reading. It is also, because of its
consistency and its recurrence, a mark of the significance of the
period in the collective memory and sense of identity of the
inhabitants of the crofting districts.Authority and discipline in Aberdeen, 1650-1700DesBrisay, Gordon Russellhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/28012019-08-26T11:21:20Z1989-01-01T00:00:00ZThis study is concerned with aspects of urban society in the
Scottish city of Aberdeen in the second half of the seventeenth
century. The principal aim is to examine the multi-faceted nature
and workings of civic government, of the interlocking hierarchies of
people and institutions which together formed an invisible web of
authority and discipline in the town. The burgh's three main
administrative and judicial bodies - the town council, the kirk
session, and the justice of the peace court - are examined in some
detail. Other matters discussed include the 1640's legacy of civil
war, plague, and severe economic dislocation; the impact of eight
years of Cromwellian occupation; the demographic and socio-economic
structures of the urban community; aspects of secular and
ecclesiastical politics; the continuing challenge to the established
kirk posed by Catholic recusancy, and the new challenge posed by the
advent of Quakerism in the town; patterns of office-holding and the
characteristics of the urban elite; and poor relief and social
control. The fundamental structures of urban society underwent no
sudden transformation in these years, but neither did they remain
static: far from obscuring the true dynamics of urban society, civic
institutions remained vital social, economic, and political forums
around which the forces of critical change coalesced, whether to be
adopted, adapted, repulsed; or neutralised, but always in such a way
as to shape the very structure and character of life in the town.
1989-01-01T00:00:00ZDesBrisay, Gordon RussellThis study is concerned with aspects of urban society in the
Scottish city of Aberdeen in the second half of the seventeenth
century. The principal aim is to examine the multi-faceted nature
and workings of civic government, of the interlocking hierarchies of
people and institutions which together formed an invisible web of
authority and discipline in the town. The burgh's three main
administrative and judicial bodies - the town council, the kirk
session, and the justice of the peace court - are examined in some
detail. Other matters discussed include the 1640's legacy of civil
war, plague, and severe economic dislocation; the impact of eight
years of Cromwellian occupation; the demographic and socio-economic
structures of the urban community; aspects of secular and
ecclesiastical politics; the continuing challenge to the established
kirk posed by Catholic recusancy, and the new challenge posed by the
advent of Quakerism in the town; patterns of office-holding and the
characteristics of the urban elite; and poor relief and social
control. The fundamental structures of urban society underwent no
sudden transformation in these years, but neither did they remain
static: far from obscuring the true dynamics of urban society, civic
institutions remained vital social, economic, and political forums
around which the forces of critical change coalesced, whether to be
adopted, adapted, repulsed; or neutralised, but always in such a way
as to shape the very structure and character of life in the town.Law and order on the Anglo-Scottish Border 1603-1707Ferguson, Catherine M. F.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/27882019-03-29T16:13:02Z1981-01-01T00:00:00ZFor centuries the Borders were notorious for their lawlessness and were
regarded as beyond redemption by those in London and Edinburgh. Undisturbed,
the landowners had assumed extensive powers and the population organised
themselves into virtually autonomous clans. For James VI and I, however, the
Borders symbolised the Union of the Crowns, for 'be the happie union' they were
now 'the verie hart of the countrey'. It was thus, intolerable that the Borders
should remain in their old state and so from 1603 there was a new drive to.
pacify the region.
Previous studies have either considered the region from one side of the
frontier only, or have stopped at some date within the seventeenth century. It
is however, important that the Border counties of England and Scotland be
considered as a whole, for although divided by man-made divisions, they were
united geographically, topographically, economically and socially. It is
equally vital that the seventeenth century be regarded in its entirety, for the
pacification of the Borders was a gradual process, of which the final stages
were not reached until the last quarter of the century.
In order to examine the whole process of the pacification and how the
region gradually adapted to its new role as the Middle Shires of Britain, the
thesis looks at the whole range of law courts operating in the area - from the
central courts in London and Edinburgh, down to the local burgh, franchise and
ecclesiastical courts. A chapter is devoted to each level of court and examines
the role of a particular type of court in the judicial hierarchy of England and
Scotland - its methods, procedure and personnel and the type of offender and
offence dealt with. Perhaps the most important chapter in this respect is that
on the Border Commissioners who were the body most intimately concerned with
pacifying the region and who made a lasting impression upon every aspect of
Border society. The Commissions have spanned over 80 years and more than
any other judicial body shaped the Borders into the Eiddle Shires, yet no
detailed study of them has ever been undertaken before.
The combined effect on the inhabitants of all the law courts operating
in the Borders, is measured in the Conclusion, where it can be seen that the
life and ways of the Borderers had changed significantly between the Unions
of the Crowns.
1981-01-01T00:00:00ZFerguson, Catherine M. F.For centuries the Borders were notorious for their lawlessness and were
regarded as beyond redemption by those in London and Edinburgh. Undisturbed,
the landowners had assumed extensive powers and the population organised
themselves into virtually autonomous clans. For James VI and I, however, the
Borders symbolised the Union of the Crowns, for 'be the happie union' they were
now 'the verie hart of the countrey'. It was thus, intolerable that the Borders
should remain in their old state and so from 1603 there was a new drive to.
pacify the region.
Previous studies have either considered the region from one side of the
frontier only, or have stopped at some date within the seventeenth century. It
is however, important that the Border counties of England and Scotland be
considered as a whole, for although divided by man-made divisions, they were
united geographically, topographically, economically and socially. It is
equally vital that the seventeenth century be regarded in its entirety, for the
pacification of the Borders was a gradual process, of which the final stages
were not reached until the last quarter of the century.
In order to examine the whole process of the pacification and how the
region gradually adapted to its new role as the Middle Shires of Britain, the
thesis looks at the whole range of law courts operating in the area - from the
central courts in London and Edinburgh, down to the local burgh, franchise and
ecclesiastical courts. A chapter is devoted to each level of court and examines
the role of a particular type of court in the judicial hierarchy of England and
Scotland - its methods, procedure and personnel and the type of offender and
offence dealt with. Perhaps the most important chapter in this respect is that
on the Border Commissioners who were the body most intimately concerned with
pacifying the region and who made a lasting impression upon every aspect of
Border society. The Commissions have spanned over 80 years and more than
any other judicial body shaped the Borders into the Eiddle Shires, yet no
detailed study of them has ever been undertaken before.
The combined effect on the inhabitants of all the law courts operating
in the Borders, is measured in the Conclusion, where it can be seen that the
life and ways of the Borderers had changed significantly between the Unions
of the Crowns.Scotland and the United Provinces, c. 1680-1730 : a study in intellectual and educational relationsMijers, Estherhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/27642019-07-01T10:03:13Z2002-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis looks at some of the intellectual and educational relations between Scotland and the Netherlands in the period 1680-1730. Although the importance of such an exchange has been a long acknowledged fact, an overview has hitherto been lacking. By charting the extent and the nature of the Scottish student community at the four main universities in the United Provinces - Leiden, Franeker, Groningen and Utrecht - the thesis aims to provide as full a picture of the Scots' experience of Dutch education as the available resources will allow. At the same time, it re-examines the well-known idea that the United Provinces provided a model or example for Scotland and the notion that there such a thing as a specifically Dutch root to the Scottish Enlightenment. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first offers the most complete study of the Scottish student community in the Netherlands so far undertaken. Based on the hard figures provided by the matriculation lists of the Dutch universities and the private accounts of Scottish students, both the number of students and their personal experiences are described and analysed. The infrastructure and mechanics of the resultant community are subsequently established as being very specific to the Scots and prone to change over time. The exchange in ideas is analysed by looking at both the different curricula of the Dutch universities and the Scotto-Dutch book trade. These studies lead to a number of revelations, most notably that universities other than Leiden had a lasting influence on the Scots and that this influence was not always as 'modern'as has hitherto been thought. In the second part, two case studies of famous 'Dutch' Scots, William Carstares and Charles Mackie, are used to illustrate and test these claims.
2002-01-01T00:00:00ZMijers, EstherThis thesis looks at some of the intellectual and educational relations between Scotland and the Netherlands in the period 1680-1730. Although the importance of such an exchange has been a long acknowledged fact, an overview has hitherto been lacking. By charting the extent and the nature of the Scottish student community at the four main universities in the United Provinces - Leiden, Franeker, Groningen and Utrecht - the thesis aims to provide as full a picture of the Scots' experience of Dutch education as the available resources will allow. At the same time, it re-examines the well-known idea that the United Provinces provided a model or example for Scotland and the notion that there such a thing as a specifically Dutch root to the Scottish Enlightenment. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first offers the most complete study of the Scottish student community in the Netherlands so far undertaken. Based on the hard figures provided by the matriculation lists of the Dutch universities and the private accounts of Scottish students, both the number of students and their personal experiences are described and analysed. The infrastructure and mechanics of the resultant community are subsequently established as being very specific to the Scots and prone to change over time. The exchange in ideas is analysed by looking at both the different curricula of the Dutch universities and the Scotto-Dutch book trade. These studies lead to a number of revelations, most notably that universities other than Leiden had a lasting influence on the Scots and that this influence was not always as 'modern'as has hitherto been thought. In the second part, two case studies of famous 'Dutch' Scots, William Carstares and Charles Mackie, are used to illustrate and test these claims.The control of infectious diseases in Fife, c. 1855-1950Patterson, Stephenhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/27532019-08-26T11:21:41Z1989-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis is a study-of the contribution of public health
administration to the control of Infectious diseases in Fife during the
period c. 1855-1950. It is a local study in the social history of
medicine which attempts to test the conflicting theories of Thomas
McKeown and Simon Szreter about the role of social intervention in
mortality decline during the period. It covers the period from the
earliest date when civil registration data on mortality from specified
causes are available for Fife. During this period mortality from the
main infectious diseases in the county declined almost continuously and
by 88% from a rate of 608 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants during the
years 1855-60. Public health administration is here defined as measures
for disease prevention and control administered by local government.
Such measures include the provision of adequate water supplies and
drainage, improvement of housing, port sanitation, immunisation and the
provision of infectious diseases hospitals and child welfare services.
The first three chapters of this study include an introduction, a
description of the geographical, demographic and economic conditions in
Fife during the period and a description of the development of a system of
public health administration in the county. This is followed by
studies of the main infectious diseases, including smallpox, typhus and
typhoid, diarrhoeal disease, diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles and
whooping cough, influenza and all forms of tuberculosis. The pattern of
mortality from each disease in Fife is described. Then from the records
of local authorities in the county, the role of public health
administration in the attempted control of each disease is described and
evaluated. The conclusion assesses the overall contribution of public
health administration to the decline in mortality from the main
infectious diseases in Fife and suggests the relative importance of
different measures in the process of disease control.
1989-01-01T00:00:00ZPatterson, StephenThis thesis is a study-of the contribution of public health
administration to the control of Infectious diseases in Fife during the
period c. 1855-1950. It is a local study in the social history of
medicine which attempts to test the conflicting theories of Thomas
McKeown and Simon Szreter about the role of social intervention in
mortality decline during the period. It covers the period from the
earliest date when civil registration data on mortality from specified
causes are available for Fife. During this period mortality from the
main infectious diseases in the county declined almost continuously and
by 88% from a rate of 608 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants during the
years 1855-60. Public health administration is here defined as measures
for disease prevention and control administered by local government.
Such measures include the provision of adequate water supplies and
drainage, improvement of housing, port sanitation, immunisation and the
provision of infectious diseases hospitals and child welfare services.
The first three chapters of this study include an introduction, a
description of the geographical, demographic and economic conditions in
Fife during the period and a description of the development of a system of
public health administration in the county. This is followed by
studies of the main infectious diseases, including smallpox, typhus and
typhoid, diarrhoeal disease, diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles and
whooping cough, influenza and all forms of tuberculosis. The pattern of
mortality from each disease in Fife is described. Then from the records
of local authorities in the county, the role of public health
administration in the attempted control of each disease is described and
evaluated. The conclusion assesses the overall contribution of public
health administration to the decline in mortality from the main
infectious diseases in Fife and suggests the relative importance of
different measures in the process of disease control.The 'Chronicle of Perth': an historical and archaeological studyEagles, Jonathan L. M.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/27422019-03-29T16:12:37Z1995-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis features a full transcript of NLS Advocates MS. 35.4.4, The "Chronicle of Perth". The
manuscript volume was edited and published by James Maidment in 1831 for the Maitland Club of
Glasgow; however, Maidment's edition represents only a partial transcription of the original volume,
and the editor provided few textual notes. I have written a substantial commentary to accompany
the text; my work on the "Chronicle" is intended to improve upon and replace Maidment's edition.
The manuscript volume was probably compiled between c. 1590 and c. 1668, and incorporates a
variety of subject matter: copies of official correspondence, a register of deaths and, chiefly, a
register of historical events of local and national significance in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Editorial work in this thesis includes detailed analysis of the structure and provenance of the
manuscript, a study of the veracity of the historical notices, and an assessment of its place in the
local literary context. The "Chronicle" is an anonymous work; but suggestions concerning the
identity of its authors have been made following handwriting analysis and a comparative study of
the manuscript with other documents in the Perth Burgh Records. The "Chronicle" can be dated
through internal evidence, and also by study of the manuscript paper.
Numerous archaeological excavations have been carried out in Perth during recent years. The
results of this work have substantially augmented the historical record of life in the medieval and
early modern burgh, and archaeological evidence is certainly of considerable importance to
historians of Perth. This thesis seeks to assess the value of historical records for archaeologists
working in the burgh. This is essentially a theoretical exercise, but it should also have practical
consequences for archaeological research in Perth. It is the contention of my approach that
historical sources can be used in advance of archaeological investigation to pose archaeological
questions, to provide guidelines for research, and indeed to provide archaeological information.
In this thesis I have sought to demonstrate that the "Chronicle of Perth" contains useful
archaeological material in its own right, and that the manuscript indicates areas in which
archaeological study may develop our understanding of the 17th century environment, in both
town and country. The archaeological themes which emerge from the text of the "Chronicle" are
developed by reference to manuscripts in the Perth Burgh Records and existing archaeological
information. This thesis examines the climatic history of the Perth region in the early modem period
- with particular reference to damage caused by floods, harvest failures, and the spread of
infectious diseases - and the built environment of the burgh. Attention is paid to major public
buildings of the town, such as the tolbooth and St. John's Kirk, and to significant structures
beyond the town walls such as Lowswork and the Brig of Earn. A pervasive theme of this research
is an assessment of the burgh's complicated relationship with its rural hinterland. Features of this
study include the structure of the market economy in 17th century Perthshire, and the influence of
large estates within the landscape. The economy of the burgh of Perth was relatively weak in the
17th century, and the "Chronicle" directs particular attention to the disruption which was caused by
the Covenanting crisis of the 1640s and Cromwellian occupation of the 1650s; this thesis
considers the effects of those years upon Perth's economy.
The thesis is intended to form a substantial reference source for historians and archaeologists
working in Perth. At both theoretical and practical levels, this study considers the value of
documentary sources for archaeological research. The "Chronicle of Perth" can be used as an
introduction to the quality of life which was experienced within and without Perth in the early
modern period; archaeological themes which can be extracted from the text of the "Chronicle" can
be developed using the Perth Burgh Records to build up a portrait of the state of the built
environment in town and country. An important consequence of this research has been to
demonstrate the close association which exists between historical and archaeological information.
1995-01-01T00:00:00ZEagles, Jonathan L. M.This thesis features a full transcript of NLS Advocates MS. 35.4.4, The "Chronicle of Perth". The
manuscript volume was edited and published by James Maidment in 1831 for the Maitland Club of
Glasgow; however, Maidment's edition represents only a partial transcription of the original volume,
and the editor provided few textual notes. I have written a substantial commentary to accompany
the text; my work on the "Chronicle" is intended to improve upon and replace Maidment's edition.
The manuscript volume was probably compiled between c. 1590 and c. 1668, and incorporates a
variety of subject matter: copies of official correspondence, a register of deaths and, chiefly, a
register of historical events of local and national significance in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Editorial work in this thesis includes detailed analysis of the structure and provenance of the
manuscript, a study of the veracity of the historical notices, and an assessment of its place in the
local literary context. The "Chronicle" is an anonymous work; but suggestions concerning the
identity of its authors have been made following handwriting analysis and a comparative study of
the manuscript with other documents in the Perth Burgh Records. The "Chronicle" can be dated
through internal evidence, and also by study of the manuscript paper.
Numerous archaeological excavations have been carried out in Perth during recent years. The
results of this work have substantially augmented the historical record of life in the medieval and
early modern burgh, and archaeological evidence is certainly of considerable importance to
historians of Perth. This thesis seeks to assess the value of historical records for archaeologists
working in the burgh. This is essentially a theoretical exercise, but it should also have practical
consequences for archaeological research in Perth. It is the contention of my approach that
historical sources can be used in advance of archaeological investigation to pose archaeological
questions, to provide guidelines for research, and indeed to provide archaeological information.
In this thesis I have sought to demonstrate that the "Chronicle of Perth" contains useful
archaeological material in its own right, and that the manuscript indicates areas in which
archaeological study may develop our understanding of the 17th century environment, in both
town and country. The archaeological themes which emerge from the text of the "Chronicle" are
developed by reference to manuscripts in the Perth Burgh Records and existing archaeological
information. This thesis examines the climatic history of the Perth region in the early modem period
- with particular reference to damage caused by floods, harvest failures, and the spread of
infectious diseases - and the built environment of the burgh. Attention is paid to major public
buildings of the town, such as the tolbooth and St. John's Kirk, and to significant structures
beyond the town walls such as Lowswork and the Brig of Earn. A pervasive theme of this research
is an assessment of the burgh's complicated relationship with its rural hinterland. Features of this
study include the structure of the market economy in 17th century Perthshire, and the influence of
large estates within the landscape. The economy of the burgh of Perth was relatively weak in the
17th century, and the "Chronicle" directs particular attention to the disruption which was caused by
the Covenanting crisis of the 1640s and Cromwellian occupation of the 1650s; this thesis
considers the effects of those years upon Perth's economy.
The thesis is intended to form a substantial reference source for historians and archaeologists
working in Perth. At both theoretical and practical levels, this study considers the value of
documentary sources for archaeological research. The "Chronicle of Perth" can be used as an
introduction to the quality of life which was experienced within and without Perth in the early
modern period; archaeological themes which can be extracted from the text of the "Chronicle" can
be developed using the Perth Burgh Records to build up a portrait of the state of the built
environment in town and country. An important consequence of this research has been to
demonstrate the close association which exists between historical and archaeological information.Crown-magnate relations in the personal rule of James V, 1528-1542Cameron, James S.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/27112019-03-29T16:12:40Z1995-01-01T00:00:00ZIn terms of general interest, James V has suffered by comparison with
his more famous father, James IV, and his internationally renowned daughter,
Mary Queen of Scots. Yet his reign is an important one, embracing the
establishment of the court of session, the beginnings of Protestantism in some
areas of Scotland, and the growth of royal power to such an extent that the king
could leave the country for nine months in 1536-37 without fear of rebellion.
Studies of royal finance, of some aspects of the growth of the legal profession,
and of religious dissent have already been undertaken; and the politics of the
minority of James V has also been the subject of recent research. This thesis
aims to demonstrate that the politics practised in the personal rule differed little
in kind from those practised by earlier adult Stewart monarchs. The approach
has been to examine the major political events of the period, the attitude of the
king, the impact of royal policy upon his magnates, and the careers of some of
those magnates. For too long James V has been judged to have been a
vindictive and irrational king, motivated largely by greed. The assumption has
been that he antagonised most of his leading magnates and met his just deserts
when they refused to support him in 1542. A different view is offered here.
Essentially, many of James' later policies were shaped by the events of 1528-29
when he assumed his royal authority in person. For the rest, his approach
closely resembles that of his supposedly more popular father. There were some
individual magnates who suffered financially by the application of legalistic
sharp practice. But the conclusion is that this king did not lose the support of
the majority, even at the end.
1995-01-01T00:00:00ZCameron, James S.In terms of general interest, James V has suffered by comparison with
his more famous father, James IV, and his internationally renowned daughter,
Mary Queen of Scots. Yet his reign is an important one, embracing the
establishment of the court of session, the beginnings of Protestantism in some
areas of Scotland, and the growth of royal power to such an extent that the king
could leave the country for nine months in 1536-37 without fear of rebellion.
Studies of royal finance, of some aspects of the growth of the legal profession,
and of religious dissent have already been undertaken; and the politics of the
minority of James V has also been the subject of recent research. This thesis
aims to demonstrate that the politics practised in the personal rule differed little
in kind from those practised by earlier adult Stewart monarchs. The approach
has been to examine the major political events of the period, the attitude of the
king, the impact of royal policy upon his magnates, and the careers of some of
those magnates. For too long James V has been judged to have been a
vindictive and irrational king, motivated largely by greed. The assumption has
been that he antagonised most of his leading magnates and met his just deserts
when they refused to support him in 1542. A different view is offered here.
Essentially, many of James' later policies were shaped by the events of 1528-29
when he assumed his royal authority in person. For the rest, his approach
closely resembles that of his supposedly more popular father. There were some
individual magnates who suffered financially by the application of legalistic
sharp practice. But the conclusion is that this king did not lose the support of
the majority, even at the end.His Majesty's advocate : Sir James Stewart of Goodtrees (1635-1713) and Covenanter resistance theory under the Restoration monarchyBeisner, E. Calvinhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/26982019-03-29T16:13:08Z2003-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis is the first to explore the life and political thought of Sir James
Stewart of Goodtrees (1635-1713). The first part reviews the life of his father, Sir
James Stewart of Kirk field (1608-1681) to 1661, and Goodtrees' own life from birth
to his admission to the Scots bar in 1661. This provides the backdrop of history
necessary to appreciate his contributions as both writer and radical activist.
Particular attention focuses on the conflict between Charles I and Charles II, on the
one hand, and the Church of Scotland, on the other; the National Covenant (1638)
and the Solemn League and Covenant of(1643); the British wars of religion; and
the upheavals following the Restoration in the 1660s, culminating in the Pentland
Rising of 1666.
The next part develops Goodtrees' political philosophy from his two most
important writings. Chapter 3 reviews and interprets Naphtali (1667), a defence of
those who rose at Pentland. Chapter 4 reviews Andrew Honyman's Survey of
Naphtali (1668, 1669), a rebuttal of Naphtali and standard Anglican case for royal
absolutism. Chapter 5 reviews and interprets Goodtrees' Jus Populi Vindicatum, or
The People's Right, to defend themselves and their Covenanted Religion, vindicated
(1669), his rejoinder to Honyman. His Calvinist, covenantal constitutionalism is
shown to be an important link between earlier resistance theorists like John Knox
and Samuel Rutherford and the later Whigs, represented preeminently by John
Locke.
The third part (chapters 6-7) reviews Goodtrees' life and minor writings as radical critic of the Restoration monarchy; a participant in plots among British
exiles in Holland to overthrow it; a member briefly of James's Scottish government
before the Revolution; and lord advocate and churchman pursuing political, legal,
and ecclesiastical reforms afterwards.
2003-01-01T00:00:00ZBeisner, E. CalvinThis thesis is the first to explore the life and political thought of Sir James
Stewart of Goodtrees (1635-1713). The first part reviews the life of his father, Sir
James Stewart of Kirk field (1608-1681) to 1661, and Goodtrees' own life from birth
to his admission to the Scots bar in 1661. This provides the backdrop of history
necessary to appreciate his contributions as both writer and radical activist.
Particular attention focuses on the conflict between Charles I and Charles II, on the
one hand, and the Church of Scotland, on the other; the National Covenant (1638)
and the Solemn League and Covenant of(1643); the British wars of religion; and
the upheavals following the Restoration in the 1660s, culminating in the Pentland
Rising of 1666.
The next part develops Goodtrees' political philosophy from his two most
important writings. Chapter 3 reviews and interprets Naphtali (1667), a defence of
those who rose at Pentland. Chapter 4 reviews Andrew Honyman's Survey of
Naphtali (1668, 1669), a rebuttal of Naphtali and standard Anglican case for royal
absolutism. Chapter 5 reviews and interprets Goodtrees' Jus Populi Vindicatum, or
The People's Right, to defend themselves and their Covenanted Religion, vindicated
(1669), his rejoinder to Honyman. His Calvinist, covenantal constitutionalism is
shown to be an important link between earlier resistance theorists like John Knox
and Samuel Rutherford and the later Whigs, represented preeminently by John
Locke.
The third part (chapters 6-7) reviews Goodtrees' life and minor writings as radical critic of the Restoration monarchy; a participant in plots among British
exiles in Holland to overthrow it; a member briefly of James's Scottish government
before the Revolution; and lord advocate and churchman pursuing political, legal,
and ecclesiastical reforms afterwards.Gateside Mills : the Scottish bobbin and shuttle trade in its British and international setting, 1860-1960Highland, A. G.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/26892019-03-29T16:12:42Z1989-01-01T00:00:00ZWithin these 100 years, 1860-1960, in the east of Scotland,
a highly specialised woodworking industry closely associated with
flax and jute manufacturing, grew from modest beginnings to a
position of some importance in the economy of this country.
Eventually it declined to a point of virtual extinction leaving
few traces of the unique skills and innovatory processes it once
employed.
The principal products of this industry, bobbins and shuttles,
have been fundamental to the crafts of spinning and weaving for
thousands of years but the industrialisation of the textile trade
in the 19th century stimulated a demand for very large quantities
of these components manufactured to engineering standards of precision.
Consequently there emerged in mid-century an industry which, in the
early years, served the flax and jute mills of Scotland and later,
the far larger operations in India which by 1914, had achieved
the world leadership in jute manufacturing.
This research sought to examine the reasons for the growth and
decline of this Scottish trade, its unusual methods and remarkable
skills and the long-lasting connection with India it enjoyed. The
investigations were centred on the Gateside Mills, a firm in Fife
typical of those involved, whose records originated in the late
19th century. This material together with evidence from other sources
provided not only an insight into the industry overall and the working
conditions of those employed, but also an account of the conduct
of a comparatively small company with extensive overseas trading
interests, in times of peace and war.
1989-01-01T00:00:00ZHighland, A. G.Within these 100 years, 1860-1960, in the east of Scotland,
a highly specialised woodworking industry closely associated with
flax and jute manufacturing, grew from modest beginnings to a
position of some importance in the economy of this country.
Eventually it declined to a point of virtual extinction leaving
few traces of the unique skills and innovatory processes it once
employed.
The principal products of this industry, bobbins and shuttles,
have been fundamental to the crafts of spinning and weaving for
thousands of years but the industrialisation of the textile trade
in the 19th century stimulated a demand for very large quantities
of these components manufactured to engineering standards of precision.
Consequently there emerged in mid-century an industry which, in the
early years, served the flax and jute mills of Scotland and later,
the far larger operations in India which by 1914, had achieved
the world leadership in jute manufacturing.
This research sought to examine the reasons for the growth and
decline of this Scottish trade, its unusual methods and remarkable
skills and the long-lasting connection with India it enjoyed. The
investigations were centred on the Gateside Mills, a firm in Fife
typical of those involved, whose records originated in the late
19th century. This material together with evidence from other sources
provided not only an insight into the industry overall and the working
conditions of those employed, but also an account of the conduct
of a comparatively small company with extensive overseas trading
interests, in times of peace and war.Law and order in Stirlingshire, 1637-1747Davies, Stephen J.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/26842019-03-29T16:13:24Z1984-01-01T00:00:00ZScotland in the early modern period was an overwhelmingly
rural society, made of largely self-sufficient communities based
on the unit of the estate. This society had a legal system which
was decentralised, had a large non-state sector, depended in the
first instance upon individual initiative and had no clear distinction
between criminal and civil actions. Its main purpose was the
maintenance of order through the settling of conflicts, the punishment
and removal from society of the incorrigible and perpetrators of
atrocious crimes and the granting of redress to injured parties.
The courts making up the system were of three sorts church, royal
and local courts. The church courts were an active judiciary which
regulated the moral life of communities by punishing acts which
violated Christian morality, which were flagrant and open or were
likely to lead to conflict. The punishments used and the act of
prosecution were designed to lead to a 'moral reformation' of both
the guilty party and society in general. In this they were partially
successful by circa 1720. They were also an investigative branch
of the entire system collecting information for other courts. The
local courts provided a legal service for those who wished to use
it rather than acting as an enforcing judicature. The central courts
had a specialised role, trying serious crimes and cases which had
wide implications. They depended upon the local community for
support and for the 'supply' of cases through the dittay system.
Changes in the structure of society and the political order led to
change. Between 1651 and 1660 a thoroughgoing reform was imposed
by Cromwell. The system was restored in 1660 but further reforms
were made. The 1688 revolution and the crisis of the 1690s led
to the Union and sweeping changes which transformed the system
into a modern one and altered the nature of the law, its enforcement
and the concept and pattern of crime.
1984-01-01T00:00:00ZDavies, Stephen J.Scotland in the early modern period was an overwhelmingly
rural society, made of largely self-sufficient communities based
on the unit of the estate. This society had a legal system which
was decentralised, had a large non-state sector, depended in the
first instance upon individual initiative and had no clear distinction
between criminal and civil actions. Its main purpose was the
maintenance of order through the settling of conflicts, the punishment
and removal from society of the incorrigible and perpetrators of
atrocious crimes and the granting of redress to injured parties.
The courts making up the system were of three sorts church, royal
and local courts. The church courts were an active judiciary which
regulated the moral life of communities by punishing acts which
violated Christian morality, which were flagrant and open or were
likely to lead to conflict. The punishments used and the act of
prosecution were designed to lead to a 'moral reformation' of both
the guilty party and society in general. In this they were partially
successful by circa 1720. They were also an investigative branch
of the entire system collecting information for other courts. The
local courts provided a legal service for those who wished to use
it rather than acting as an enforcing judicature. The central courts
had a specialised role, trying serious crimes and cases which had
wide implications. They depended upon the local community for
support and for the 'supply' of cases through the dittay system.
Changes in the structure of society and the political order led to
change. Between 1651 and 1660 a thoroughgoing reform was imposed
by Cromwell. The system was restored in 1660 but further reforms
were made. The 1688 revolution and the crisis of the 1690s led
to the Union and sweeping changes which transformed the system
into a modern one and altered the nature of the law, its enforcement
and the concept and pattern of crime.We are command of gentilmen : service and support among the lesser nobility of Lothian during the Wars of Independence, 1296-1341Brown, Chrishttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/26782019-03-29T16:14:13Z2006-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis examines the political, social and, in particular, military conditions that influenced the
allegiance of the men and women of the political community of Lothian, that is to say those people with
personal landholding, legal and military obligations whose services were crucial to the efficient
administration of the sheriffdom and whose support was courted by kings and magnates alike.
The key issue is the high degree of survival among these minor landed families. The upper strata of
Scottish political society underwent considerable changes in the early to middle fourteenth century
through the fortunes of war, in particular through the disinheritance of the Comyn family and their allies
early in the reign of Robert I. Some families lost their Scottish properties, such as the Balliols and the
Comyns. Others grew in stature; notably the Douglases and, in Lothian specifically, the Setons and the
Lauders. Most landholders would probably have been content to retain their inheritances, and indeed,
virtually all of the Lothian landed families of the late thirteenth century would seem to have managed to
do just that.
A high rate of success is not necessarily evidence that something is easily achieved; the retention of
family properties was a complex business in wartime. In the period 1296-1314 the political community
had to discharge their financial, legal and military burdens to the party currently in charge, but without
permanently compromising themselves with the opposition, who might, after all, be in a position to exert
lordship themselves at some point in the future. The military burdens are central to this thesis. Army
service was a very obvious indication of allegiance. Given the nature of the normal practice of war in
thirteenth and fourteenth century Europe, it is inevitable that this study examines the nature and incidence
of armoured cavalry service in Lothian. The overwhelming majority of that service was performed by
minor landholders. Records of their service in garrisons or their forfeiture as rebels provide us with a
guide to the rate and incidence of defections from one party to another and therefore some guide to the
degree to which a particular party was able to impose their lordship.
The thesis explores the various challenges that faced the lesser landholders and more prosperous
tenants and burgesses who lived through the Wars of Independence from the campaign of 1296 which
ended the reign of King John and imposed the rule of Edward I, until 1341 when Edinburgh castle was
recovered by the Scots from the forces of Edward III. It also questions the extent to which Edward III was
able to impose his lordship in Lothian, considers the nature of the forces ranged against him and
challenges the perception that only the outbreak of the Hundred Years War prevented the operational
defeat of the Bruce party.
The siege of Edinburgh castle in 1341 marked the end of the last attempt by an English medieval
king to provide Lothian with a government. Naturally this would not have been abundantly apparent at
the time; however subsequent English invasions, though they might attack Edinburgh, were not designed
to bring about the conquest of Lothian. The political environment of Lothian landholders therefore
differed substantially in 1296-41 compared to the century either side of the Wars of Independence in that
the minor nobility faced difficult decisions which had to be made on assessments of the likely eventual
success of the Balliol, Plantagenet and Bruce parties.
2006-01-01T00:00:00ZBrown, ChrisThis thesis examines the political, social and, in particular, military conditions that influenced the
allegiance of the men and women of the political community of Lothian, that is to say those people with
personal landholding, legal and military obligations whose services were crucial to the efficient
administration of the sheriffdom and whose support was courted by kings and magnates alike.
The key issue is the high degree of survival among these minor landed families. The upper strata of
Scottish political society underwent considerable changes in the early to middle fourteenth century
through the fortunes of war, in particular through the disinheritance of the Comyn family and their allies
early in the reign of Robert I. Some families lost their Scottish properties, such as the Balliols and the
Comyns. Others grew in stature; notably the Douglases and, in Lothian specifically, the Setons and the
Lauders. Most landholders would probably have been content to retain their inheritances, and indeed,
virtually all of the Lothian landed families of the late thirteenth century would seem to have managed to
do just that.
A high rate of success is not necessarily evidence that something is easily achieved; the retention of
family properties was a complex business in wartime. In the period 1296-1314 the political community
had to discharge their financial, legal and military burdens to the party currently in charge, but without
permanently compromising themselves with the opposition, who might, after all, be in a position to exert
lordship themselves at some point in the future. The military burdens are central to this thesis. Army
service was a very obvious indication of allegiance. Given the nature of the normal practice of war in
thirteenth and fourteenth century Europe, it is inevitable that this study examines the nature and incidence
of armoured cavalry service in Lothian. The overwhelming majority of that service was performed by
minor landholders. Records of their service in garrisons or their forfeiture as rebels provide us with a
guide to the rate and incidence of defections from one party to another and therefore some guide to the
degree to which a particular party was able to impose their lordship.
The thesis explores the various challenges that faced the lesser landholders and more prosperous
tenants and burgesses who lived through the Wars of Independence from the campaign of 1296 which
ended the reign of King John and imposed the rule of Edward I, until 1341 when Edinburgh castle was
recovered by the Scots from the forces of Edward III. It also questions the extent to which Edward III was
able to impose his lordship in Lothian, considers the nature of the forces ranged against him and
challenges the perception that only the outbreak of the Hundred Years War prevented the operational
defeat of the Bruce party.
The siege of Edinburgh castle in 1341 marked the end of the last attempt by an English medieval
king to provide Lothian with a government. Naturally this would not have been abundantly apparent at
the time; however subsequent English invasions, though they might attack Edinburgh, were not designed
to bring about the conquest of Lothian. The political environment of Lothian landholders therefore
differed substantially in 1296-41 compared to the century either side of the Wars of Independence in that
the minor nobility faced difficult decisions which had to be made on assessments of the likely eventual
success of the Balliol, Plantagenet and Bruce parties.Adam Abell's "The riot or quheill of tyme" : an editionThorson, Stephanie Malonehttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/26282019-03-29T16:14:15Z1998-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis presents an edition of the complete text of The Roit or
Quheill of Tyme a chronicle composed in Scots by the Scottish Franciscan
friar Adam Abell during the 1530s. An example of the mediaeval genre of
"universal" chronicle, it opens with a retelling of the creation story of
Genesis and continues its narrative through biblical, classical Greek and
Roman, mediaeval Scottish and European history. The main body of the
chronicle ends in 1533, but Abell later added a continuation which follows
events to 1537. The edition is based on the unique manuscript preserved
in the National Library of Scotland in Edinburgh, NLS MS 1746. An
introduction which places the chronicle within not only its social and
cultural context in late mediaeval Scotland, but also the contexts of
Scottish and international mediaeval historiography, is included. A
glossary has also been appended to provide guidance with vocabulary.
The Roit or Quheill of TyLne, which has never before been edited in
full, is significant for a number of reasons. It is the last surviving
Scottish chronicle composed before the Reformation, and provides an
eyewitness narrative of the reigns of James III, James IV and James V.
Furthermore, it is one of the very few examples of Franciscan secular
historical writing which survive from mediaeval Europe, and is therefore
an international rarity. Although much about Abell himself is obscure, the
variety of materials quoted within the chronicle and his awareness of
contemporary events provide insights into the education of, and resources
available to, an ordinary Scottish religious in the early sixteenth century.
1998-01-01T00:00:00ZThorson, Stephanie MaloneThis thesis presents an edition of the complete text of The Roit or
Quheill of Tyme a chronicle composed in Scots by the Scottish Franciscan
friar Adam Abell during the 1530s. An example of the mediaeval genre of
"universal" chronicle, it opens with a retelling of the creation story of
Genesis and continues its narrative through biblical, classical Greek and
Roman, mediaeval Scottish and European history. The main body of the
chronicle ends in 1533, but Abell later added a continuation which follows
events to 1537. The edition is based on the unique manuscript preserved
in the National Library of Scotland in Edinburgh, NLS MS 1746. An
introduction which places the chronicle within not only its social and
cultural context in late mediaeval Scotland, but also the contexts of
Scottish and international mediaeval historiography, is included. A
glossary has also been appended to provide guidance with vocabulary.
The Roit or Quheill of TyLne, which has never before been edited in
full, is significant for a number of reasons. It is the last surviving
Scottish chronicle composed before the Reformation, and provides an
eyewitness narrative of the reigns of James III, James IV and James V.
Furthermore, it is one of the very few examples of Franciscan secular
historical writing which survive from mediaeval Europe, and is therefore
an international rarity. Although much about Abell himself is obscure, the
variety of materials quoted within the chronicle and his awareness of
contemporary events provide insights into the education of, and resources
available to, an ordinary Scottish religious in the early sixteenth century.Crown-magnate relations in the personal rule of James I of Scotland (1424-1437)Brown, Michael Hunterhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/26222021-03-10T15:21:58Z1992-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis is a study of the relations between James I and his
most important landed subjects during the thirteen years of his
personal reign. The King's active and aggressive approach to
monarchy contrasted with the political experiences of the Scottish
nobility in the fifty years before 1424. The analysis of this
attempt to impose strong kingship in a situation where strong
kingship had not been the norm is the most important theme of the
thesis. Such an analysis can only be undertaken by establishing the
ambitions and activities of the King and his chief subjects at both
national and local levels.
The first chapter deals with the political community in 1423-4
and the evidence of their preparations for James', release from
England. The immediate effects of James' return are studied in
detail, especially his relations with the Earls of Mar, Douglas,
Atholl, March and Angus in the first year of the reign. However, the
main emphasis of the opening chapters is on the King's dealings with
the Albany Stewarts, beginning with the piecemeal round-up of Walter
Stewart and his allies and then the gradual establishment of
sufficient support for James to launch a general attack on Albany and
his family.
Chapter Four deals with the results of Albany's removal for
James' position within Scotland. The expansion of royal authority is
considered in the ex-Albany Stewart lands and with regard to James'
relations with the major surviving magnates, Douglas, Mar and Atholl.
The varied fortunes of these three earls indicate the extent and
limitations of the King's authority following his initial successes.
This is also an important theme in the chapters dealing with the
middle section of the reign between 1428 and 1431. This period is
dominated by the attack on the Lord of the Isles and the effects of
the King's ambitions in the north on the lowland political community.
The apparent successes of James in both areas, and the connection
between the collapse of his northern plans and the growing
difficulties in his relations with the political community are
analysed. The effect of the setback which James experienced in 1431,
on royal policy is studied by considering the King's aims in the
1430s, and especially his interventions in Mar and March.
The final chapter deals with the motives for James'
assassination and the circumstances and immediate aftermath of the
murder. As with the rest of the reign, this is best understood in
terms of magnate affinities and ambitions and the areas in which such
ambitions came into conflict with those of the King.
1992-01-01T00:00:00ZBrown, Michael HunterThis thesis is a study of the relations between James I and his
most important landed subjects during the thirteen years of his
personal reign. The King's active and aggressive approach to
monarchy contrasted with the political experiences of the Scottish
nobility in the fifty years before 1424. The analysis of this
attempt to impose strong kingship in a situation where strong
kingship had not been the norm is the most important theme of the
thesis. Such an analysis can only be undertaken by establishing the
ambitions and activities of the King and his chief subjects at both
national and local levels.
The first chapter deals with the political community in 1423-4
and the evidence of their preparations for James', release from
England. The immediate effects of James' return are studied in
detail, especially his relations with the Earls of Mar, Douglas,
Atholl, March and Angus in the first year of the reign. However, the
main emphasis of the opening chapters is on the King's dealings with
the Albany Stewarts, beginning with the piecemeal round-up of Walter
Stewart and his allies and then the gradual establishment of
sufficient support for James to launch a general attack on Albany and
his family.
Chapter Four deals with the results of Albany's removal for
James' position within Scotland. The expansion of royal authority is
considered in the ex-Albany Stewart lands and with regard to James'
relations with the major surviving magnates, Douglas, Mar and Atholl.
The varied fortunes of these three earls indicate the extent and
limitations of the King's authority following his initial successes.
This is also an important theme in the chapters dealing with the
middle section of the reign between 1428 and 1431. This period is
dominated by the attack on the Lord of the Isles and the effects of
the King's ambitions in the north on the lowland political community.
The apparent successes of James in both areas, and the connection
between the collapse of his northern plans and the growing
difficulties in his relations with the political community are
analysed. The effect of the setback which James experienced in 1431,
on royal policy is studied by considering the King's aims in the
1430s, and especially his interventions in Mar and March.
The final chapter deals with the motives for James'
assassination and the circumstances and immediate aftermath of the
murder. As with the rest of the reign, this is best understood in
terms of magnate affinities and ambitions and the areas in which such
ambitions came into conflict with those of the King.Crown-magnate relations, 1437-1460McGladdery, Christine Annehttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/26192019-07-01T10:19:03Z1988-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis examines the relations between James II and
those magnates who were active in politics during his reign,
which lasted from 1437-1460. The Black Douglas family were
of particular importance during both the minority and the
personal rule of James II and their rise to prominence,
conflict with the king, and ultimate downfall is studied
with particular reference to their bases of power and
support. The attitude of the king to the higher, and, where
appropriate, lesser nobility is considered, and the thesis
traces the development of the political community from the
beginning of the reign, when the ranks of the higher
nobility were severely depleted, to the state of the realm
and its leaders at the time of the king's death in 1460.
The major conflict with the Black Douglases is examined
through official records and chronicle references and the
various stages in the development of the contest are
outlined and assessed. The attitude of the other members of
the political community to the Crown/Douglas conflict is
studied, and the king's methods of courting support,
particularly through patronage, are traced. The attacks
launched by the king on certain members of the nobility or,
in the case of the Livingston faction, royal office holders,
are considered, as are his efforts to build up the position
of certain families and replenish the ranks of the nobility
by creating certain earldoms and lordships of parliament.
The rise of honorific dignities, i. e, the bestowal of titles
which did not necessarily include the granting of any new
land, is discussed, and the king's relationship with the
three estates gathered in Parliament or General Council is
assessed.
The view of the reign of James II which appears in modern
histories is traced through from contemporary sources with
particular reference to the histories written in the
sixteenth century which have provided much of the material,
including errors and distortions, which have formed recent
assessments.
1988-01-01T00:00:00ZMcGladdery, Christine AnneThis thesis examines the relations between James II and
those magnates who were active in politics during his reign,
which lasted from 1437-1460. The Black Douglas family were
of particular importance during both the minority and the
personal rule of James II and their rise to prominence,
conflict with the king, and ultimate downfall is studied
with particular reference to their bases of power and
support. The attitude of the king to the higher, and, where
appropriate, lesser nobility is considered, and the thesis
traces the development of the political community from the
beginning of the reign, when the ranks of the higher
nobility were severely depleted, to the state of the realm
and its leaders at the time of the king's death in 1460.
The major conflict with the Black Douglases is examined
through official records and chronicle references and the
various stages in the development of the contest are
outlined and assessed. The attitude of the other members of
the political community to the Crown/Douglas conflict is
studied, and the king's methods of courting support,
particularly through patronage, are traced. The attacks
launched by the king on certain members of the nobility or,
in the case of the Livingston faction, royal office holders,
are considered, as are his efforts to build up the position
of certain families and replenish the ranks of the nobility
by creating certain earldoms and lordships of parliament.
The rise of honorific dignities, i. e, the bestowal of titles
which did not necessarily include the granting of any new
land, is discussed, and the king's relationship with the
three estates gathered in Parliament or General Council is
assessed.
The view of the reign of James II which appears in modern
histories is traced through from contemporary sources with
particular reference to the histories written in the
sixteenth century which have provided much of the material,
including errors and distortions, which have formed recent
assessments.The political works of John Lesley, Bishop of Ross (1527-96)Beckett, Margaret J.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/20152019-03-29T16:13:15Z2002-01-01T00:00:00ZJohn Lesley saw himself as a humanist, devoted to the common weal and especially to
his Queen; to others he was `a busie man', `seed-man of all treasons'. Educated in the
Renaissance Scotland of James V and trained in France for a career in the law and the
Church, he was `a great doer' with Queen Mary and, briefly, at the heart of government
in Scotland, as Lord of Session, Bishop and trusted Counsellor. In 1568 his priorities
were transformed. Charged with defending Mary's innocence at York and her interests at
the court of Elizabeth, he failed to secure her rehabilitation in Scotland or her release from
England. What he could not do in court by his pleading he attempted to do, covertly, by
his pen, in an attempt to convince the English nobility and the Spanish King that Mary
was Elizabeth's natural heir, in no way disqualified by her own character and conduct or
her gender or by English laws of succession. These three topics and Lesley's handling of
them are discussed in Chapters Two to Four. Chapter One uses his own, often mutually
contradictory, accounts of these years to indicate the circumstances in which his polemic,
and the Histories discussed in Chapter Six, were composed. Chapter Five argues that A
Treatise of Treasons should not be ascribed to him. In the past century, Lesley has
attracted little notice, usually overshadowed by stronger or more flamboyant characters;
from his writings, Mary's `learned and most faithful servant' can appear to have the
consistency of a chameleon. This study is concerned with his political works, in Latin,
Scots and English; it tries to explain those discrepancies which it cannot reconcile, and to
examine Lesley's ideas, and their influence, on political issues which included resistance,
union with England and the rights of women.
2002-01-01T00:00:00ZBeckett, Margaret J.John Lesley saw himself as a humanist, devoted to the common weal and especially to
his Queen; to others he was `a busie man', `seed-man of all treasons'. Educated in the
Renaissance Scotland of James V and trained in France for a career in the law and the
Church, he was `a great doer' with Queen Mary and, briefly, at the heart of government
in Scotland, as Lord of Session, Bishop and trusted Counsellor. In 1568 his priorities
were transformed. Charged with defending Mary's innocence at York and her interests at
the court of Elizabeth, he failed to secure her rehabilitation in Scotland or her release from
England. What he could not do in court by his pleading he attempted to do, covertly, by
his pen, in an attempt to convince the English nobility and the Spanish King that Mary
was Elizabeth's natural heir, in no way disqualified by her own character and conduct or
her gender or by English laws of succession. These three topics and Lesley's handling of
them are discussed in Chapters Two to Four. Chapter One uses his own, often mutually
contradictory, accounts of these years to indicate the circumstances in which his polemic,
and the Histories discussed in Chapter Six, were composed. Chapter Five argues that A
Treatise of Treasons should not be ascribed to him. In the past century, Lesley has
attracted little notice, usually overshadowed by stronger or more flamboyant characters;
from his writings, Mary's `learned and most faithful servant' can appear to have the
consistency of a chameleon. This study is concerned with his political works, in Latin,
Scots and English; it tries to explain those discrepancies which it cannot reconcile, and to
examine Lesley's ideas, and their influence, on political issues which included resistance,
union with England and the rights of women.An alliance ended? Franco-Scottish commercial relations, 1560-1713Talbott, Siobhanhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/19992019-07-01T10:09:16Z2011-06-23T00:00:00ZThis thesis explores the commercial links between Scotland and France in the long
seventeenth century, with a focus on the Scottish mercantile presence in France’s
Atlantic ports, particularly during periods of domestic and international upheaval. This study questions long-held assumptions regarding this relationship, asserting that the ‘Auld Alliance’ continued throughout the period, despite the widely held belief that it ended in 1560. Such assumptions have led scholars largely to ignore the continuing commercial relationship between Scotland and France in the long seventeenth century, focusing instead on the ‘golden age’ of the Auld Alliance or the British relationship with France in the eighteenth century. Such assumptions have been fostered by the methodological approaches used in the study of economic history to date. While I acknowledge the relevance of traditional quantitative approaches to economic history, such as those pioneered by T. C. Smout and which continue to be followed by historians such as Philipp Rössner, I follow alternative methods that have been recently employed by scholars such as Henriette de Bruyn Kops, Sheryllynne Haggerty, Xavier Lamikiz, Allan Macinnes and Steve Murdoch. These scholars have pioneered methodologies that prioritise private sources, allowing us to delve into the motivations and actions of the individuals who actually effected trade, be they merchants, factors, skippers or manufacturers. The core of my research has therefore entailed the discovery and use of previously untapped archival material including account books, letter books and correspondence, which illuminate the participation of these individuals in international trade. Such a study, while filling a specific gap in our understanding of Scotland’s overseas relations, applies a more social methodology to this topic, suggesting that scholars’ approaches need to be fundamentally altered if we are truly to understand the whole picture of Scotland’s, or indeed any nation’s, commercial relationships or wider economic position.
2011-06-23T00:00:00ZTalbott, SiobhanThis thesis explores the commercial links between Scotland and France in the long
seventeenth century, with a focus on the Scottish mercantile presence in France’s
Atlantic ports, particularly during periods of domestic and international upheaval. This study questions long-held assumptions regarding this relationship, asserting that the ‘Auld Alliance’ continued throughout the period, despite the widely held belief that it ended in 1560. Such assumptions have led scholars largely to ignore the continuing commercial relationship between Scotland and France in the long seventeenth century, focusing instead on the ‘golden age’ of the Auld Alliance or the British relationship with France in the eighteenth century. Such assumptions have been fostered by the methodological approaches used in the study of economic history to date. While I acknowledge the relevance of traditional quantitative approaches to economic history, such as those pioneered by T. C. Smout and which continue to be followed by historians such as Philipp Rössner, I follow alternative methods that have been recently employed by scholars such as Henriette de Bruyn Kops, Sheryllynne Haggerty, Xavier Lamikiz, Allan Macinnes and Steve Murdoch. These scholars have pioneered methodologies that prioritise private sources, allowing us to delve into the motivations and actions of the individuals who actually effected trade, be they merchants, factors, skippers or manufacturers. The core of my research has therefore entailed the discovery and use of previously untapped archival material including account books, letter books and correspondence, which illuminate the participation of these individuals in international trade. Such a study, while filling a specific gap in our understanding of Scotland’s overseas relations, applies a more social methodology to this topic, suggesting that scholars’ approaches need to be fundamentally altered if we are truly to understand the whole picture of Scotland’s, or indeed any nation’s, commercial relationships or wider economic position.Education and episcopacy : the universities of Scotland in the fifteenth centuryWoodman, Islahttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/18822019-07-01T10:14:51Z2011-06-23T00:00:00ZEducational provision in Scotland was revolutionised in the fifteenth century through the foundation of three universities, or studia generale, at St Andrews, Glasgow and Aberdeen. These institutions can be viewed as part of the general expansion in higher education across Europe from the late-fourteenth century, which saw the establishment of many new centres of learning, often intended to serve local needs. Their impact on Scotland ought to have been profound; in theory, they removed the need for its scholars to continue to seek higher education at the universities of England or the continent.
Scotland’s fifteenth-century universities were essentially episcopal foundations, formally instituted by bishops within the cathedral cities of their dioceses, designed to meet the educational needs and career aspirations of the clergy. They are not entirely neglected subjects; the previous generation of university historians – including A. Dunlop, J. Durkan and L. J. Macfarlane – did much to recover the institutional, organisational and curricular developments that shaped their character. Less well explored, are the over-arching political themes that influenced the evolution of university provision in fifteenth-century Scotland as a whole. Similarly under-researched, is the impact of these foundations on the scholarly community, and society more generally.
This thesis explores these comparatively neglected themes in two parts. Part I presents a short narrative, offering a more politically sensitive interpretation of the introduction and expansion of higher educational provision in Scotland. Part II explores the impact of these foundations on Scottish scholars. The nature of extant sources inhibits reconstruction of the full extent of their influence on student numbers and patterns of university attendance. Instead, Part II presents a thorough quantitative and qualitative prosopographical study of the Scottish episcopate within the context of this embryonic era of university provision in Scotland. In so doing, this thesis offers new insights into a neglected aspect of contemporary clerical culture as well as the politics of fifteenth-century academic learning.
2011-06-23T00:00:00ZWoodman, IslaEducational provision in Scotland was revolutionised in the fifteenth century through the foundation of three universities, or studia generale, at St Andrews, Glasgow and Aberdeen. These institutions can be viewed as part of the general expansion in higher education across Europe from the late-fourteenth century, which saw the establishment of many new centres of learning, often intended to serve local needs. Their impact on Scotland ought to have been profound; in theory, they removed the need for its scholars to continue to seek higher education at the universities of England or the continent.
Scotland’s fifteenth-century universities were essentially episcopal foundations, formally instituted by bishops within the cathedral cities of their dioceses, designed to meet the educational needs and career aspirations of the clergy. They are not entirely neglected subjects; the previous generation of university historians – including A. Dunlop, J. Durkan and L. J. Macfarlane – did much to recover the institutional, organisational and curricular developments that shaped their character. Less well explored, are the over-arching political themes that influenced the evolution of university provision in fifteenth-century Scotland as a whole. Similarly under-researched, is the impact of these foundations on the scholarly community, and society more generally.
This thesis explores these comparatively neglected themes in two parts. Part I presents a short narrative, offering a more politically sensitive interpretation of the introduction and expansion of higher educational provision in Scotland. Part II explores the impact of these foundations on Scottish scholars. The nature of extant sources inhibits reconstruction of the full extent of their influence on student numbers and patterns of university attendance. Instead, Part II presents a thorough quantitative and qualitative prosopographical study of the Scottish episcopate within the context of this embryonic era of university provision in Scotland. In so doing, this thesis offers new insights into a neglected aspect of contemporary clerical culture as well as the politics of fifteenth-century academic learning.Across the German sea : Scottish commodity exchange, network building and communities in the wider Elbe-Weser region in the early modern periodZickermann, Kathrinhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/9582019-03-29T16:12:46Z2009-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis analyses the commercial, maritime and military relations between Scotland and the cities and territories in the North Western parts of the Holy Roman Empire during the early modern period; specifically Hamburg, Bremen, the Swedish duchies of Bremen and Verden, Danish Altona and Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Having identified anomalies in the histories of these locations, and bringing a more international dimension to them, my study tackles a remarkable understudied geo-political location. The core of my research identifies the immigration of Scots and the establishment of commercial networks within a region rather than an individual territory, highlighting contact across political borders. This region differed significantly from other places in Northern Europe in that it did not maintain an ethnically distinct Scottish community enforcing and encouraging interaction with the indigenous German population and other foreigners such as the English Merchant Adventurers in Hamburg. The survey reveals that despite the lack of such a community the region was of commercial significance to Scots as evidenced by the presence of individual Scottish merchants, factors and entrepreneurs whose trade links stretched far beyond their home country. Significantly, these Scots present in mercantile capacities were demonstrably linked to their countrymen who frequented the region as diplomats and soldiers who frequently resided in the neutral cities of Bremen and Hamburg. Some of these Scots within the Swedish army were of importance in the administration of Swedish Bremen-Verden while others fought for Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Their presence encouraged chain migration, particularly offering shelter to Scottish political exiles in the later seventeenth century. Analysing the collective role of these men and the relationships between them, this thesis highlights the overall significance of the wider Elbe-Weser region to the Scots and vice versa, filling a gap in our understanding of the Scottish Diaspora in the early modern period, and broadening our understanding of the region itself.
2009-01-01T00:00:00ZZickermann, KathrinThis thesis analyses the commercial, maritime and military relations between Scotland and the cities and territories in the North Western parts of the Holy Roman Empire during the early modern period; specifically Hamburg, Bremen, the Swedish duchies of Bremen and Verden, Danish Altona and Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Having identified anomalies in the histories of these locations, and bringing a more international dimension to them, my study tackles a remarkable understudied geo-political location. The core of my research identifies the immigration of Scots and the establishment of commercial networks within a region rather than an individual territory, highlighting contact across political borders. This region differed significantly from other places in Northern Europe in that it did not maintain an ethnically distinct Scottish community enforcing and encouraging interaction with the indigenous German population and other foreigners such as the English Merchant Adventurers in Hamburg. The survey reveals that despite the lack of such a community the region was of commercial significance to Scots as evidenced by the presence of individual Scottish merchants, factors and entrepreneurs whose trade links stretched far beyond their home country. Significantly, these Scots present in mercantile capacities were demonstrably linked to their countrymen who frequented the region as diplomats and soldiers who frequently resided in the neutral cities of Bremen and Hamburg. Some of these Scots within the Swedish army were of importance in the administration of Swedish Bremen-Verden while others fought for Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Their presence encouraged chain migration, particularly offering shelter to Scottish political exiles in the later seventeenth century. Analysing the collective role of these men and the relationships between them, this thesis highlights the overall significance of the wider Elbe-Weser region to the Scots and vice versa, filling a gap in our understanding of the Scottish Diaspora in the early modern period, and broadening our understanding of the region itself.Education in post-Reformation Scotland : Andrew Melville and the University of St Andrews, 1560-1606Reid, Steven Johnhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/8492019-03-29T16:12:26Z2009-01-01T00:00:00ZAndrew Melville (1545-1622) was the leader of the Presbyterian wing of the Scottish
Kirk between 1574 and 1607, and he and his colleagues were a perpetual irritant to
James VI and I in his attempts to establish a royal and Episcopal dominance over the
Kirk. Yet much of Melville’s reputation has been based on the seventeenth-century
Presbyterian historical narratives written by the likes of James Melville (Andrew’s
nephew) and David Calderwood. These partisan accounts formed the basis of modern
historiography in Thomas M’Crie’s monumentally influential Life of Andrew Melville.
Modern historians broadly agree that Melville’s portrayal as a powerful and decisive
church leader in these narratives is greatly exaggerated, and that he was at best an
influential voice in the Kirk who was quickly marginalised by the adult James VI.
However, only James Kirk has commented at any length on Melville’s other role in
Jacobean Scotland—that of developing and reforming the Scottish universities.
Melville revitalised the near-defunct Glasgow University between 1574 and 1580, and
from 1580 to 1607 was principal of St Mary’s College, St Andrews, Scotland’s only
divinity college. He was also rector of the University of St Andrews between 1590
and 1597. This thesis provides a detailed account of Melville’s personal role in the
reform and expansion of the Scottish universities. This includes an analysis of his
direct work at Glasgow, but focuses primarily on St Andrews, using the untapped
archival sources held there and at the Scottish National Library and Archives to create
a detailed picture of the development of the University after the Reformation. This
thesis also evaluates the intellectual content of Melville’s reform programme, both as
it developed during his time in Paris, Poitiers and Geneva, and as we see it in action in
St Andrews.
2009-01-01T00:00:00ZReid, Steven JohnAndrew Melville (1545-1622) was the leader of the Presbyterian wing of the Scottish
Kirk between 1574 and 1607, and he and his colleagues were a perpetual irritant to
James VI and I in his attempts to establish a royal and Episcopal dominance over the
Kirk. Yet much of Melville’s reputation has been based on the seventeenth-century
Presbyterian historical narratives written by the likes of James Melville (Andrew’s
nephew) and David Calderwood. These partisan accounts formed the basis of modern
historiography in Thomas M’Crie’s monumentally influential Life of Andrew Melville.
Modern historians broadly agree that Melville’s portrayal as a powerful and decisive
church leader in these narratives is greatly exaggerated, and that he was at best an
influential voice in the Kirk who was quickly marginalised by the adult James VI.
However, only James Kirk has commented at any length on Melville’s other role in
Jacobean Scotland—that of developing and reforming the Scottish universities.
Melville revitalised the near-defunct Glasgow University between 1574 and 1580, and
from 1580 to 1607 was principal of St Mary’s College, St Andrews, Scotland’s only
divinity college. He was also rector of the University of St Andrews between 1590
and 1597. This thesis provides a detailed account of Melville’s personal role in the
reform and expansion of the Scottish universities. This includes an analysis of his
direct work at Glasgow, but focuses primarily on St Andrews, using the untapped
archival sources held there and at the Scottish National Library and Archives to create
a detailed picture of the development of the University after the Reformation. This
thesis also evaluates the intellectual content of Melville’s reform programme, both as
it developed during his time in Paris, Poitiers and Geneva, and as we see it in action in
St Andrews.Heart-work: emotion, empowerment and authority in covenanting timesYeoman, Louise Andersonhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/6372019-08-26T11:17:00Z1991-01-01T00:00:00Z'Heart-work' is an examination of the inner world of the covenanters; particularly with regard to authority, empowerment and affective experience. It examines the covenanting phenomenon of conversion, which placed believers in touch with a comforting, empowering and guiding inner sense. It explores the manifestations of this inner sense, and also considers the covenanting attitudes to reason, emotion and feeling which were influenced by the centrality of this spiritual inner sense in covenanting devotion. There has also been a study of its effects on both theories of authority and practical behaviour. Both the public political climate of declarations and polemic, and the personal spiritual arena of diaries, letters and autobiographies have been explored. Modes of worship and attitudes to ceremonies are covered, as is the response of normally disadvantaged groups such as women and the lower classes to covenanting Calvinism. Modern psychotherapy theory has been used in some cases to explain why certain processes and doctrines had certain effects. In conclusion, it seems that Scottish presbyterianism relied for its effects on breaking through to a deeper level of spiritual experience in its adherents. This experience, which was connected to feeling rather than reason, was open to all persons. It was connected with the doctrines of the 'mystical body of Christ' and of the covenant by which Christ's total sovereignty within and without was recognised. Those who experienced it were profoundly affected by it and often found themselves empowered to stand up to their social superiors as a result. This inner spiritual experience was the motive force behind covenanting practice, and efforts to foster and preserve it, led to clashes with the episcopalian royal establishment, since the experience itself was closely linked to a certain framework of devotions which its adherents would not suffer to see tampered with.
1991-01-01T00:00:00ZYeoman, Louise Anderson'Heart-work' is an examination of the inner world of the covenanters; particularly with regard to authority, empowerment and affective experience. It examines the covenanting phenomenon of conversion, which placed believers in touch with a comforting, empowering and guiding inner sense. It explores the manifestations of this inner sense, and also considers the covenanting attitudes to reason, emotion and feeling which were influenced by the centrality of this spiritual inner sense in covenanting devotion. There has also been a study of its effects on both theories of authority and practical behaviour. Both the public political climate of declarations and polemic, and the personal spiritual arena of diaries, letters and autobiographies have been explored. Modes of worship and attitudes to ceremonies are covered, as is the response of normally disadvantaged groups such as women and the lower classes to covenanting Calvinism. Modern psychotherapy theory has been used in some cases to explain why certain processes and doctrines had certain effects. In conclusion, it seems that Scottish presbyterianism relied for its effects on breaking through to a deeper level of spiritual experience in its adherents. This experience, which was connected to feeling rather than reason, was open to all persons. It was connected with the doctrines of the 'mystical body of Christ' and of the covenant by which Christ's total sovereignty within and without was recognised. Those who experienced it were profoundly affected by it and often found themselves empowered to stand up to their social superiors as a result. This inner spiritual experience was the motive force behind covenanting practice, and efforts to foster and preserve it, led to clashes with the episcopalian royal establishment, since the experience itself was closely linked to a certain framework of devotions which its adherents would not suffer to see tampered with.Older people in Scotland : family, work and retirement and the Welfare State from 1845 to 1999Black, Elizabeth Lesliehttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/5612020-11-05T13:54:43Z2008-06-26T00:00:00ZThe social and economic experiences of older people in Scotland over the past two centuries provides a particularised lens through which larger themes of change and adaptation may be analysed. Older age cohorts are examined as specific identity groups within the context of a society in rapid transformation. The years c. 1845-1999 represent a period of time in which almost every sector was affected by industrialisation, urbanisation, migration, economic developments, technological and medical progress, and social reform. In combination with historical interpretations, modern sociological theory concerning the aged as a distinct social grouping provides the basis for further inquiry. Concepts such as status, social capital, interdependency, paternalism and citizenship have been of major importance in structuring this research. By means of demographic analysis, readings of written biographical documentation, and the incorporation of over fifty oral histories conducted in Dundee and Edinburgh, the role of the family in older people’s lives has been explored. Nineteenth and twentieth-century population trends have been incorporated as an area for detailed investigation of long-term familial practices. An understanding of the older person’s role in the family over time suggests a formalised socio-economic stability based upon kinship ties, gender roles, and economic and social reciprocity. Stage theory allows for examination of the economics of ageing, particularly in regard to employed and retired older people. Original research covering older people’s experiences of work in Dundee and Edinburgh provides qualitative and quantitative data on paternalistic policies in the brewing and jute industries, promotion and retirement practices, and economic status among the working elderly. The experience of being retired has been evaluated in terms of economic independence, social capital, class and gender. Analyses of the experience of retirement in the post-war era are bound with the rise of the modern welfare state. Significant government commissions and acts provide scope and sequence in an analysis of the role of the state in old age. Principally, the New Poor Law of 1845 (Scotland), the Pension Acts of 1908 and 1925, the National Insurance Act of 1946, as well as the social welfare acts of 1948 have been studied. Particular focus on the influence of the Social Work Act 1968 (Scotland) complements an overarching argument concerning Scotland’s unique practices in the modern welfare state. Emphasis is on care in the community, using statutory and voluntary services provided at the local level as case studies. Interpretations of older people in terms of their various roles in the welfare state, their communities and places of work, and within their families indicate that throughout the period, older populations have distinctively adapted to the long-term effects of modernisation in Scottish society.
2008-06-26T00:00:00ZBlack, Elizabeth LeslieThe social and economic experiences of older people in Scotland over the past two centuries provides a particularised lens through which larger themes of change and adaptation may be analysed. Older age cohorts are examined as specific identity groups within the context of a society in rapid transformation. The years c. 1845-1999 represent a period of time in which almost every sector was affected by industrialisation, urbanisation, migration, economic developments, technological and medical progress, and social reform. In combination with historical interpretations, modern sociological theory concerning the aged as a distinct social grouping provides the basis for further inquiry. Concepts such as status, social capital, interdependency, paternalism and citizenship have been of major importance in structuring this research. By means of demographic analysis, readings of written biographical documentation, and the incorporation of over fifty oral histories conducted in Dundee and Edinburgh, the role of the family in older people’s lives has been explored. Nineteenth and twentieth-century population trends have been incorporated as an area for detailed investigation of long-term familial practices. An understanding of the older person’s role in the family over time suggests a formalised socio-economic stability based upon kinship ties, gender roles, and economic and social reciprocity. Stage theory allows for examination of the economics of ageing, particularly in regard to employed and retired older people. Original research covering older people’s experiences of work in Dundee and Edinburgh provides qualitative and quantitative data on paternalistic policies in the brewing and jute industries, promotion and retirement practices, and economic status among the working elderly. The experience of being retired has been evaluated in terms of economic independence, social capital, class and gender. Analyses of the experience of retirement in the post-war era are bound with the rise of the modern welfare state. Significant government commissions and acts provide scope and sequence in an analysis of the role of the state in old age. Principally, the New Poor Law of 1845 (Scotland), the Pension Acts of 1908 and 1925, the National Insurance Act of 1946, as well as the social welfare acts of 1948 have been studied. Particular focus on the influence of the Social Work Act 1968 (Scotland) complements an overarching argument concerning Scotland’s unique practices in the modern welfare state. Emphasis is on care in the community, using statutory and voluntary services provided at the local level as case studies. Interpretations of older people in terms of their various roles in the welfare state, their communities and places of work, and within their families indicate that throughout the period, older populations have distinctively adapted to the long-term effects of modernisation in Scottish society.The Scottish timber trade, 1680 to 1800Thomson, Alanhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/5342019-08-26T11:18:06Z1991-01-01T00:00:00Z'The Scottish timber trade, 1680 to 1800' examines the structural change in the source, level and form of Scotland's imports of softwood timber between 1680 and 1800. The thesis is divided into geographical and chronological sections which trace change in the trade as Norway's dominant position was undermined by alternative supplies from Sweden, Russia and Prussia.
Within each chapter an attempt is made to gauge the true extent of imports through a comparison of the available statistical sources; such as government records, port books and merchants' accounts. These sources are also used to measure the changing level and source of imports, and the level and distribution of timber imports throughout Scotland's ports. Where necessary, detailed tables have been provided within the text, while other statistical tables and graphs have been set apart at the end of the thesis.
The various trading methods relative to each area are analysed; in particular, the role of Scottish merchants living overseas, the use of Consular officials, and the growing importance of shipmasters. The changing cost of timber imports is examined, and the relative importance of prime cost in country of origin, transportation costs, and import duties on arrival in Scotland. Comparisons are made between the timber and policies of different countries to explain Scotland's particular preferences at various points in time.
The changing form of timber imports is discussed, with particular reference to size, shape and quality as an influence in determining the source of imports. Also, the role of timber as a subsidiary cargo and links with other goods are examined as evidence for the rise or decline of particular geographical regions.
The thesis includes an examination of Scotland's own timber resources and the reasons why they failed to compete with imports, in particular, quality, transportation costs and technology. Also, a case-study is presented on a Scottish region, Orkney, where change in form and source did not take place.
1991-01-01T00:00:00ZThomson, Alan'The Scottish timber trade, 1680 to 1800' examines the structural change in the source, level and form of Scotland's imports of softwood timber between 1680 and 1800. The thesis is divided into geographical and chronological sections which trace change in the trade as Norway's dominant position was undermined by alternative supplies from Sweden, Russia and Prussia.
Within each chapter an attempt is made to gauge the true extent of imports through a comparison of the available statistical sources; such as government records, port books and merchants' accounts. These sources are also used to measure the changing level and source of imports, and the level and distribution of timber imports throughout Scotland's ports. Where necessary, detailed tables have been provided within the text, while other statistical tables and graphs have been set apart at the end of the thesis.
The various trading methods relative to each area are analysed; in particular, the role of Scottish merchants living overseas, the use of Consular officials, and the growing importance of shipmasters. The changing cost of timber imports is examined, and the relative importance of prime cost in country of origin, transportation costs, and import duties on arrival in Scotland. Comparisons are made between the timber and policies of different countries to explain Scotland's particular preferences at various points in time.
The changing form of timber imports is discussed, with particular reference to size, shape and quality as an influence in determining the source of imports. Also, the role of timber as a subsidiary cargo and links with other goods are examined as evidence for the rise or decline of particular geographical regions.
The thesis includes an examination of Scotland's own timber resources and the reasons why they failed to compete with imports, in particular, quality, transportation costs and technology. Also, a case-study is presented on a Scottish region, Orkney, where change in form and source did not take place.Politics and the feud in late mediaeval ScotlandBoardman, Stephen I.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/5042019-07-01T10:09:30Z1990-01-01T00:00:00ZFrom the mid-fifteenth century onwards, the Scottish aristocratic community made increasing use of formal bonds of lordship, service and friendship. The first section of this thesis examines the relationship between formal bonding and the pursuit of feud and tenurial disputes.
Written witnessed, bonds, particularly bonds of mutual friendship or defence, seem to have acquired a specific and, partly, symbolic role in the amicable arbitration of feud outwith formal courts of law. The bond was employed as a pledge for the good behaviour of previously hostile parties towards one another, guaranteeing the material terms of any settlement between them, and bolstering the newly-established state of non-aggression. Bonds used in this context were not primarily, designed to initiate long-term social and political cooperation between the contracting parties. The proliferation of bonds of friendship used in this way during the fifteenth century may perhaps be linked to the demands of royal courts for documentary evidence of amicable settlement.
Bonds of maintenance, and bonds of manrent or retinue, were also used extensively in the settlement of feud, and in consolidating strained, or new, tenurial relationships. Bonds of service given in return for grants of lands, were often connected to attempts to keep the tenure of disputed lands highly conditional, and were typically linked to liferent and/or reversionary grants. The linking of tenure with formal bonds of service also occurred in areas, and periods, where the granter of land had cause to seek assurances of political loyalty and support which were more binding than the oaths and ceremonies associated with routine acts of feudal conveyancing. The general pattern suggests that, although all bonds of service appear to offer undefined open-ended service, the tenurial and political context in which these bonds were given did, on many occasions, define and limit the way in which maintenance or service was to be discharged. Bonds of all types were also used to obtain immediate political or military support in specific disputes.
The remainder of the thesis deals with the interaction between local feud and 'national' politics. An analysis of the rebellion of Prince James (later James IV) against his father, James III, during 1488, indicates that many individual noblemen and prelates committed themselves to the rebellion in pursuit of local feuds and ambitions. After James III's death at Sauchieburn, the ascendancy of Prince James' supporters within their own localities was confirmed by individual acts of royal patronage and by parliamentary legislation, a process which generated more feuds. The behaviour of the new regime, and its persecution of men who had remained loyal to James III during 1488, resulted in a major rebellion during 1489. The rebellion was eventually ended by negotiation, and by the new regime making several important concession to rebel demands.
Apparently incomprehensible changes of allegiance by major noblemen during the period 1487-9 can be shown to have been perfectly consistent in terms of the smaller disputes in which they were directly involved.
An examination of the political career of James, Earl of Buchan suggests that violence remained a viable political tool for the fifteenth century nobility at both the local and national level, and, indeed, that the division between local and national politics was, in many cases, non-existent.
The final three chapters exhibit the effect of changes in royal policy and patronage in generating violence and feud within the localities, and the part this could play in provoking direct opposition to the crown. The importance of these tensions may have grown during the course of the fifteenth century as the amount of land, and the number of offices, under direct royal control grew through the forfeiture of several major landowning families and the annexation of their estates to the royal patrimony.
1990-01-01T00:00:00ZBoardman, Stephen I.From the mid-fifteenth century onwards, the Scottish aristocratic community made increasing use of formal bonds of lordship, service and friendship. The first section of this thesis examines the relationship between formal bonding and the pursuit of feud and tenurial disputes.
Written witnessed, bonds, particularly bonds of mutual friendship or defence, seem to have acquired a specific and, partly, symbolic role in the amicable arbitration of feud outwith formal courts of law. The bond was employed as a pledge for the good behaviour of previously hostile parties towards one another, guaranteeing the material terms of any settlement between them, and bolstering the newly-established state of non-aggression. Bonds used in this context were not primarily, designed to initiate long-term social and political cooperation between the contracting parties. The proliferation of bonds of friendship used in this way during the fifteenth century may perhaps be linked to the demands of royal courts for documentary evidence of amicable settlement.
Bonds of maintenance, and bonds of manrent or retinue, were also used extensively in the settlement of feud, and in consolidating strained, or new, tenurial relationships. Bonds of service given in return for grants of lands, were often connected to attempts to keep the tenure of disputed lands highly conditional, and were typically linked to liferent and/or reversionary grants. The linking of tenure with formal bonds of service also occurred in areas, and periods, where the granter of land had cause to seek assurances of political loyalty and support which were more binding than the oaths and ceremonies associated with routine acts of feudal conveyancing. The general pattern suggests that, although all bonds of service appear to offer undefined open-ended service, the tenurial and political context in which these bonds were given did, on many occasions, define and limit the way in which maintenance or service was to be discharged. Bonds of all types were also used to obtain immediate political or military support in specific disputes.
The remainder of the thesis deals with the interaction between local feud and 'national' politics. An analysis of the rebellion of Prince James (later James IV) against his father, James III, during 1488, indicates that many individual noblemen and prelates committed themselves to the rebellion in pursuit of local feuds and ambitions. After James III's death at Sauchieburn, the ascendancy of Prince James' supporters within their own localities was confirmed by individual acts of royal patronage and by parliamentary legislation, a process which generated more feuds. The behaviour of the new regime, and its persecution of men who had remained loyal to James III during 1488, resulted in a major rebellion during 1489. The rebellion was eventually ended by negotiation, and by the new regime making several important concession to rebel demands.
Apparently incomprehensible changes of allegiance by major noblemen during the period 1487-9 can be shown to have been perfectly consistent in terms of the smaller disputes in which they were directly involved.
An examination of the political career of James, Earl of Buchan suggests that violence remained a viable political tool for the fifteenth century nobility at both the local and national level, and, indeed, that the division between local and national politics was, in many cases, non-existent.
The final three chapters exhibit the effect of changes in royal policy and patronage in generating violence and feud within the localities, and the part this could play in provoking direct opposition to the crown. The importance of these tensions may have grown during the course of the fifteenth century as the amount of land, and the number of offices, under direct royal control grew through the forfeiture of several major landowning families and the annexation of their estates to the royal patrimony.Freemasonry in Edinburgh, 1721-1746 : institutions and contextKahler, Lisahttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/4612019-07-01T10:10:41Z1998-01-01T00:00:00ZIt was not until after the mid-eighteenth century that the masonic lodges in Edinburgh became common meeting ground for the social and intellectual elite. While there are examples of these types of men joining before 1750, it was after this watershed date that some of the key men associated with enlightenment thinking in Scotland became members of Edinburgh lodges. Robert Adam, Hugh Blair, Lord Monboddo, James Gregory, Henry Mackenzie and Dugald Stewart are only a few examples of men who made a dual contribution to both freemasonry and the enlightenment.
'Freemasonry in Edinburgh, 1721-1746 : institutions and context' is an examination of freemasonry in Edinburgh before the dramatic influx of the elite. It was during this period that three major developments occurred: existing lodges began the slow transition from traditional operative lodges to the more modern, accepted lodges; lodges were being founded with little or no connection to stonemasons or stoneworks; and, the Grand Lodge of Scotland was established, creating a definite masonic community both within and outwith Edinburgh. This thesis charts the progress of the transition in nine Edinburgh lodges by examining both the histories and membership of these lodges, and considers the influence of the Grand Lodge of Scotland on this process.
The key element in this transitional process was the membership. A total of 785 men are known to have joined, or belonged to, these lodges during this period. These men represented occupations from the advocate to the humble wine cooper's servant, and social circumstances from the baronet to the indweller. This membership analysis was the most important area of research because it illustrated the transition in the lodges. Using 30 November 1736, the date that the Grand Lodge Roll began, as a watershed date, it is possible to establish the membership of the lodges during the entire period of study, and to compare the membership of pre-Grand Lodge lodges both before and after the establishment of the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
1998-01-01T00:00:00ZKahler, LisaIt was not until after the mid-eighteenth century that the masonic lodges in Edinburgh became common meeting ground for the social and intellectual elite. While there are examples of these types of men joining before 1750, it was after this watershed date that some of the key men associated with enlightenment thinking in Scotland became members of Edinburgh lodges. Robert Adam, Hugh Blair, Lord Monboddo, James Gregory, Henry Mackenzie and Dugald Stewart are only a few examples of men who made a dual contribution to both freemasonry and the enlightenment.
'Freemasonry in Edinburgh, 1721-1746 : institutions and context' is an examination of freemasonry in Edinburgh before the dramatic influx of the elite. It was during this period that three major developments occurred: existing lodges began the slow transition from traditional operative lodges to the more modern, accepted lodges; lodges were being founded with little or no connection to stonemasons or stoneworks; and, the Grand Lodge of Scotland was established, creating a definite masonic community both within and outwith Edinburgh. This thesis charts the progress of the transition in nine Edinburgh lodges by examining both the histories and membership of these lodges, and considers the influence of the Grand Lodge of Scotland on this process.
The key element in this transitional process was the membership. A total of 785 men are known to have joined, or belonged to, these lodges during this period. These men represented occupations from the advocate to the humble wine cooper's servant, and social circumstances from the baronet to the indweller. This membership analysis was the most important area of research because it illustrated the transition in the lodges. Using 30 November 1736, the date that the Grand Lodge Roll began, as a watershed date, it is possible to establish the membership of the lodges during the entire period of study, and to compare the membership of pre-Grand Lodge lodges both before and after the establishment of the Grand Lodge of Scotland.The 'gude regent?': a diplomatic perspective upon the Earl of Moray, Mary, Queen of Scots and the Scottish Regency, 1567-1570Webb, Claire L.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/4592019-03-29T16:13:32Z2008-01-01T00:00:00ZThis thesis examines and re-evaluates the political career and reputation of James Stewart, Earl of Moray, who acted as Regent of Scotland for the young King James VI from 1567-1570, after the deposition of Mary, Queen of Scots. Drawing upon a rich and varied body of evidence located in both the English and Scottish archives of state papers, together with contemporary propaganda, memoirs and histories, this work constructs a much needed political narrative of the period, investigating the often highly complex politics which lay behind the outbreak and the initial stages of the Marian Civil War. It questions Maurice Lee's image of Moray as the 'gude regent', an image which was first present in Buchanan's History, and which depicts Moray as a highly successful regent, and an altruistic Protestant reformer. Dispelling Lee's view of Moray as a 'reluctant regent', it shows instead that the Earl was determined to gain, and then maintain, his position of power. It incorporates a discussion of the constitutionality of the actual regency itself, together with the theories of election which were drawn up to justify both it and the deposition of a monarch. In addition, the thesis sheds light upon the dynamics of Scottish political alignment during the period, emphasising the great fluidity which was to be found, and showing how issues of internal government, and attitudes towards England, affected men's allegiances as much as, if not more than, the ostensible issue of monarchy itself.
This study also builds upon recent work by Tudor historians such as John Guy and Stephen Alford, and sets Moray's regency within an Anglo-Scottish context, demonstrating the importance of the interconnections between events in England, such as the Norfolk plot, and Scottish politics. It investigates the English attitudes towards Mary, and towards the two rival parties within Scotland, taking into account the sometimes conflicting objectives of Elizabeth I and her leading ministers, such as William Cecil, yet showing how they consistently sought to gain dominance over Scotland. Moray's regency was cut short by his assassination, and this thesis concludes by considering both his murder and its aftermath. It explores how his death impacted upon the political situation, together with the way in which his reputation was shaped in the immediate period after his death. Finally, it investigates the opportunity that both Moray's assassination and the Northern Rising of late 1569 had given England to intervene in Scottish affairs, and further pursue policies to that country's own advantage.
2008-01-01T00:00:00ZWebb, Claire L.This thesis examines and re-evaluates the political career and reputation of James Stewart, Earl of Moray, who acted as Regent of Scotland for the young King James VI from 1567-1570, after the deposition of Mary, Queen of Scots. Drawing upon a rich and varied body of evidence located in both the English and Scottish archives of state papers, together with contemporary propaganda, memoirs and histories, this work constructs a much needed political narrative of the period, investigating the often highly complex politics which lay behind the outbreak and the initial stages of the Marian Civil War. It questions Maurice Lee's image of Moray as the 'gude regent', an image which was first present in Buchanan's History, and which depicts Moray as a highly successful regent, and an altruistic Protestant reformer. Dispelling Lee's view of Moray as a 'reluctant regent', it shows instead that the Earl was determined to gain, and then maintain, his position of power. It incorporates a discussion of the constitutionality of the actual regency itself, together with the theories of election which were drawn up to justify both it and the deposition of a monarch. In addition, the thesis sheds light upon the dynamics of Scottish political alignment during the period, emphasising the great fluidity which was to be found, and showing how issues of internal government, and attitudes towards England, affected men's allegiances as much as, if not more than, the ostensible issue of monarchy itself.
This study also builds upon recent work by Tudor historians such as John Guy and Stephen Alford, and sets Moray's regency within an Anglo-Scottish context, demonstrating the importance of the interconnections between events in England, such as the Norfolk plot, and Scottish politics. It investigates the English attitudes towards Mary, and towards the two rival parties within Scotland, taking into account the sometimes conflicting objectives of Elizabeth I and her leading ministers, such as William Cecil, yet showing how they consistently sought to gain dominance over Scotland. Moray's regency was cut short by his assassination, and this thesis concludes by considering both his murder and its aftermath. It explores how his death impacted upon the political situation, together with the way in which his reputation was shaped in the immediate period after his death. Finally, it investigates the opportunity that both Moray's assassination and the Northern Rising of late 1569 had given England to intervene in Scottish affairs, and further pursue policies to that country's own advantage.Reading the Scottish Enlightenment : libraries, readers and intellectual culture in provincial Scotland c.1750-c.1820Towsey, Mark R. M.https://hdl.handle.net/10023/4122019-03-29T16:12:27Z2007-01-01T00:00:00ZThe thesis explores the reception of the works of the Scottish Enlightenment in provincial Scotland, broadly defined, aiming to gauge their diffusion in the libraries of private book collectors and 'public' book-lending institutions, and to suggest the meanings and uses that contemporary Scottish readers assigned to major texts like Hume's History of England and Smith's Wealth of Nations. I thereby acknowledge the relevance of more traditional quantitative approaches to the history of reading (including statistical analysis of the holdings of contemporary book collections), but prioritise the study of sources that also allow us to access the 'hows' and 'whys' of individual reading practices and experiences. Indeed, the central thrust of my work has been the discovery and interrogation of large numbers of commonplace books, marginalia, diaries, correspondence and other documentary records which can be used to illuminate the reading experience itself in an explicit attempt to develop an approach to Scottish reading practices that can contribute in comparative terms to the burgeoning field of the history of reading. More particularly, such sources allow me to assess the impact that specific texts had on the lives, thought-processes and values of a wide range of contemporary readers, and to conclude that by reading these texts in their own endlessly idiosyncratic ways, consumers of literature in Scotland assimilated many of the prevalent attitudes and priorities of the literati in the major cities. Since many of the most important and pervasive manifestations of Enlightenment in Scotland were not particularly Scottish, however, I also cast doubt on the distinctive Scottishness of the prevailing 'cultural' definition of the Scottish Enlightenment, arguing that such behaviour might more appropriately be considered alongside cultural developments in Georgian England.
2007-01-01T00:00:00ZTowsey, Mark R. M.The thesis explores the reception of the works of the Scottish Enlightenment in provincial Scotland, broadly defined, aiming to gauge their diffusion in the libraries of private book collectors and 'public' book-lending institutions, and to suggest the meanings and uses that contemporary Scottish readers assigned to major texts like Hume's History of England and Smith's Wealth of Nations. I thereby acknowledge the relevance of more traditional quantitative approaches to the history of reading (including statistical analysis of the holdings of contemporary book collections), but prioritise the study of sources that also allow us to access the 'hows' and 'whys' of individual reading practices and experiences. Indeed, the central thrust of my work has been the discovery and interrogation of large numbers of commonplace books, marginalia, diaries, correspondence and other documentary records which can be used to illuminate the reading experience itself in an explicit attempt to develop an approach to Scottish reading practices that can contribute in comparative terms to the burgeoning field of the history of reading. More particularly, such sources allow me to assess the impact that specific texts had on the lives, thought-processes and values of a wide range of contemporary readers, and to conclude that by reading these texts in their own endlessly idiosyncratic ways, consumers of literature in Scotland assimilated many of the prevalent attitudes and priorities of the literati in the major cities. Since many of the most important and pervasive manifestations of Enlightenment in Scotland were not particularly Scottish, however, I also cast doubt on the distinctive Scottishness of the prevailing 'cultural' definition of the Scottish Enlightenment, arguing that such behaviour might more appropriately be considered alongside cultural developments in Georgian England.Scottish freemasonry 1725-1810: progress, power, and politicsWallace, Mark Colemanhttps://hdl.handle.net/10023/3242019-03-29T16:12:44Z2007-06-21T00:00:00ZModern freemasonry emerged in Britain during the eighteenth century, combining earlier stonemason customs and methods of organization with the popular passion for clubs and societies. Although by no means unique in its ideology and constitution, freemasonry established itself after 1700 as a prominent fixture in both British communal and social life.
Some mocked masonic lodges and their rituals, but they were an accepted feature on the social scene and, given that they avoided political and religious discussion and swore loyalty to the existing regime, their position was largely uncontroversial. The French Revolution, however, caused a severe backlash against the masons in Britain and Europe. During the 1790s, masonic lodges which were once viewed simply as charitable and convivial organizations were now seen as convenient vehicles for allowing radical groups to pursue covert revolutionary activities. As a result, legislation was passed which attempted to regulate these societies and eradicate any traces of secrecy. Despite its commitment to the establishment, freemasonry came under suspicion.
This thesis examines the structure, nature, and characteristics of Scottish freemasonry in its wider British and European contexts between the years 1725 and 1810. As we shall see, masonic lodges and their members changed and adapted as these contexts evolved. The Enlightenment effectively crafted the modern mason and propelled freemasonry into a new era marked by increasing membership and the creation of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, with the institution becoming part of the contemporary fashion for associated activity.
2007-06-21T00:00:00ZWallace, Mark ColemanModern freemasonry emerged in Britain during the eighteenth century, combining earlier stonemason customs and methods of organization with the popular passion for clubs and societies. Although by no means unique in its ideology and constitution, freemasonry established itself after 1700 as a prominent fixture in both British communal and social life.
Some mocked masonic lodges and their rituals, but they were an accepted feature on the social scene and, given that they avoided political and religious discussion and swore loyalty to the existing regime, their position was largely uncontroversial. The French Revolution, however, caused a severe backlash against the masons in Britain and Europe. During the 1790s, masonic lodges which were once viewed simply as charitable and convivial organizations were now seen as convenient vehicles for allowing radical groups to pursue covert revolutionary activities. As a result, legislation was passed which attempted to regulate these societies and eradicate any traces of secrecy. Despite its commitment to the establishment, freemasonry came under suspicion.
This thesis examines the structure, nature, and characteristics of Scottish freemasonry in its wider British and European contexts between the years 1725 and 1810. As we shall see, masonic lodges and their members changed and adapted as these contexts evolved. The Enlightenment effectively crafted the modern mason and propelled freemasonry into a new era marked by increasing membership and the creation of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, with the institution becoming part of the contemporary fashion for associated activity.