2024-03-28T17:33:55Zhttps://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/oai/requestoai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/34042019-04-01T09:28:38Zcom_10023_280com_10023_39com_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_281col_10023_122
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Castellanos Montes, Daniela
author
2012-12-04
This thesis is an anthropological exploration of the envy of Aguabuena people, a small rural community of potters in the village of Ráquira, in the Boyacá region of Andean Colombia. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork among these potters, I propose an understanding of envy in Aguabuena as an existential experience, shaping relationships between the self and others in the world, crosscutting metaphysical and physical spheres, and balancing between corrosive and more empathetic ways of co-existence. Disclosing the multipresence of envy in Aguabuena’s world, its effects on people (including the ethnographer), and the way envy is embodied, performed, reciprocated and circumvented by the potters, I locate envy in various contexts where it is said to be manifested. Furthermore, I discuss the complex spectrum of envy and its multivalent meanings, or oscillations, in the life of Aguabuena people. I also present interactions with people surrounding potters, such as Augustinian monks, crafts middlemen, and municipal authorities, all of whom recount the envy of potters. My research challenges previous anthropological interpretations on envy and provides an alternative reading of this phenomenon. Moving away from labelling and regulatory explanations of envy, performative models, or pathological interpretations of the subject, I analyse the lived experience of envy and how it encompasses different realms of experience as well as flows of social relations. While focusing on the tensions and entanglements that envy brings to potters, as it constrains social life but also activates and reinforces social bonds, I examine the channels through which envy circulates and how it is put into motion by potters. Additionally, my thesis intends to contribute to anthropological studies of rural pottery communities in Andean Colombia. I present my unfolding understanding of envy by using both the potters’ concept and material detail, punto, location, referring to a spot from where Aguabuena people enter different vistas of the world, or denoting a precise time when things or materials change their physical qualities. Through this device, I disclose realms of envy, while seeking to immerse the reader in the lived experience of envy.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3404
Envy
Potters
Aguabuena (Colombia)
Locations
Entanglements
Craft
Locations of envy : an ethnography of Aguabuena potters
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/42882019-04-01T09:28:39Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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McWhinnie, Alexander
author
2013-11-30
The thesis sets out to examine how significant experience is sought, recognised and communicated in São Tomé and Principé. It notes the outcomes that are frequently searched for and describes the 'location' of significant experience in social interaction. It finds that experience which is personalised, qualitative and direct is preferred to that which is thought about. It describes how people adopt strategies that will result in achieving desired outcomes in social responses and material security and it notes that assertions made to achieve these ends can be seen to be associated with conditions of material life lived and utilise signs that reflect social differences locally and globally. It notes that material differences observed can be explained in social terms and social differences can be formed through showing material differences.
The study examines ways in which the physical properties of the island and the cultural artifacts still present from the past have an ongoing influence in forming the content, timing and quality of personal and social actions. It notes how the development of personal social connections are associated with material obligations and both how social connections can be developed for this end and how material obligations enacted can confirm social connections.
The study notes the seeming inevitability of interaction to form personal social connections and the need thus for maintenance of 'social distance' to enable impersonal commercial monetised exchange to occur. It notes how such distance can be normatively asserted on others and how some utilise an awareness of such social 'architecture' to form obligations from which they may gain materially.
The study found that many people have clear and well formed ideas as to the qualities and interests of foreigners. Yet foreigners can also be evaluated by the signs and actions they show. The study concludes that an 'architecture' of significant experience exists for many in the reflected recognition of others and that much importance is placed in particular personalised social relations. The important economic consequences of this are briefly outlined.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4288
Significant experience
Reflected experience
Through a looking glass: reflected experience in São Tomé and Principé
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/110882017-06-26T15:05:32Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Sischarenco, Elena
author
2017-06-22
This thesis is based on an ethnographic study of entrepreneurs of the construction business in Lombardy, Northern Italy. The aim is to gain some understanding of this business, of entrepreneurialism, and of individuals in a non-stereotypical light through a full and complex account of their daily lives. The aim is to reveal the thoughts, actions and strategies of particular local actors in their everyday contingency and contradictoriness. No attempt is made to simplify the complexity of their understandings and practices for the sake of producing a single encompassing and consistent image.
Many similarities were found between the practices of entrepreneurialism and those of the discipline of anthropology. Knowledge and information are constantly sought after but are recognised as emerging in unexpected places and times and as being socially negotiated. Apprenticeship is often used as a methodology, and learning often happens through experience. Contextual application of knowledge is seen as essential. In order to exchange information and knowledge, to collaborate with other businessmen or to simply get a job, trust is fundamental and constantly negotiated. Personal relationships and trust become particularly important in an uncertain market situation, as ways to face risk. Trust is acquired slowly and accorded contextually, through face-to-face interaction and cultivated relationships, but also through positive recommendations or simply a feeling of sympathy. Knowledge, apprenticeship, trust and risk are key themes of the thesis.
The blurred borders between the distinct individual personalities of my informants and their collective identities and commonalities are also discussed. The personality of an entrepreneur is seen as ideally complex, in which many (possibly contradictory) characteristics can be expected to be present, but also ideally balanced, each manifesting itself in specific situations. The ethnography also explores the fragility of the entrepreneur, in apparent contradiction to their strong and charismatic personalities. It is seen to be despite and because of their positions of power that they also feel vulnerable: their discourse is imbued with their fears for their businesses in a difficult period of economic crisis.
Finally, through a ubiquitous desire to control markets and the future, we also encounter forms of corruption; corruption that is often condemned verbally but nevertheless is present in the business world and amplified by public and media discourses. The mechanisms by which work that is put out to tender is subject to possible manipulation are examined, and the ideas of the entrepreneurs about these practices are described—again demonstrating how thoughts and practices are often self-contradictory in their contextual relevance and application.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11088
Construction business
Entrepreneurship
Businessmen
Knowledge
Apprenticeship
Identity
Trust
Personality
Risk
Fragility
Economic crisis
Tenders
Corruption
Lombardy, Northern Italy
Ethnography
Italian entrepreneurs of the construction business in a time of economic recession : ideas, strategies and movements
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/174412021-03-02T15:26:48Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Troccoli, Giuseppe
author
2018-12-07
This thesis ethnographically explores the connections between labour and social life among workers informally employed in the small-scale construction industry of Belize City, the major urban centre of Belize on the Caribbean coast of Central America. It is grounded in participant observation among workers native to Belize as well as those born in Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala who moved to Belize City because of civil wars starting in the 1970s, economic crises and a recent rise in gang-related crime.
The thesis first addresses how work is organized according to builders’ skills, and how skill acquisition is tied to the forms of sociality afforded by workers’ relationship to waged work. Labourers who need to generate income by moving around the city and hustling are excluded from forms of sociality which permit skilled workers to stabilize their employment. Moreover, labour is implicated in personal and social worth, as becomes clear through an examination of male workers’ status, reputations and multiple positionalities as kin.
Through ethnography both on and off the worksite, the research shows the entanglement of work, friendship and kinship ties, providing an analysis of the social, personal and economic differences these entail. The study foregrounds relationships in the lives of those born in the city as well as recently arrived migrants, while privileging subjective accounts which reveal multiple ways of experiencing the urban environment. This experience of working and living in Belize City is revealed through the future aspirations and ambitions that are conveyed through personal narratives. The thesis captures this plurality of perspectives through the idea of autonomy, a condition valued by workers which serves as a tool for understanding their circumstances at large and the relations between their work and daily life.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17441
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-17441
Work
Construction industry
Informal sector
Migration
Central America
Caribbean
Belize
Urban ethnography
Building Belize City : autonomy, skill and mobility amongst Belizean and Central American construction workers
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/290832024-03-07T16:59:03Zcom_10023_814com_10023_39com_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_815col_10023_122
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Gard, Rowan A.
author
2020-07-27
Navigating to the Island of Hope - A Pacific Response to Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Economic Globalisation in Oceania explores and seeks to understand indigenous responses to the powerful forces of globalisation and climate change through ethnographic research and cultural analysis spanning more than eight years in totality, and the Pacific renaissance concept of the Island of Hope. The Island of Hope serves as a lens, and is of interest both from a scholarly perspective and a praxis perspective, as the Island of Hope is a complex amalgamation and synthesis of Pacific ethics elements, economic justice, communal interconnectedness, cosmology and the Christian idea of heaven on Earth. This dissertation, just as the Island of Hope itself does, aims to critique and offer a unique perspective on a motivating and unifying principle in Oceania, which extends from the personal to international in scope, and explores the political and economic, the religious and spiritual, the local and global, as well as nature conservation and climate change activism. Global connections dictate global obligations.
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29083
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/710
Navigating to the Island of Hope - a Pacific response to globalisation, environmental degradation and climate change
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/110842019-04-01T09:28:40Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Sanjinés, Paul Gonzalo Araoz
author
2003
The dissertation focuses on the creation of imageries in the Carnival of Oruro, in Central-Western Bolivia, where images from different sources are formed and transformed through the development of the festival over time. The production of mythological narratives, religious figures, choreographic performances, costumes, and masks gives place to a complex of icons representing natural and supernatural beings, all of which are intertwined in the enactment of carnival in Oruro. Following the imposition of a strict dichotomy between good and evil, "heavenly" and "infernal" imageries are constructed to depict a prescribed and proscribed behaviour, respectively. However, the morality underpinning such constructs is often contradicted by the actual behaviour of the individuals involved. The hyperactivity of the lower bodily stratum epitomises an
effective degradation of the elevated during the local celebration of the festival, rendering Bakhtin's approach appropriate for a study of the Oruro Carnival. Parallel to an analysis of the Carnival Parade, the dissertation provides a reflection on the discourses and practices inherent to the construction of a Bolivian national and cultural identity through the development of the festival. The symbolic oppositions observed in the
Oruro Carnival Parade are linked to the transfigured images, which are analysed in relation to changes in the socio-cultural composition of the participants. Focusing upon the actual behaviour of the social actors involved, as much as upon representational activities, I intend to provide an insight into the relationship between the official imagery and the chaotic enactment of popular culture during carnival.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11084
Heavenly and grotesque imageries (re)created in the carnival of Oruro, Bolivia
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/4562019-04-01T09:28:40Zcom_10023_280com_10023_39com_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_281col_10023_122
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Bacchiddu, Giovanna
author
2008-06-24
This thesis is based upon fieldwork carried out in the island of Apiao, in the archipelago of Chiloé, southern Chile. It is an ethnographic exploration of the way the small community of Apiao conceive of communication and interaction with both fellow human beings and supernatural creatures. The thesis describes details of every day life, with an emphasis on visiting as the main mode of social interaction. Through reciprocal hospitality the islanders enact balanced reciprocal exchange. Food and drink is offered and received; this is always returned in equal measure with a return visit. Visits between friends or neighbours are articulated according to a formal ritualistic etiquette based on asking. Balance is temporarily interrupted and small debts incurred when favors are asked. These must be reciprocated promptly. Momentary interruption of equilibrium perpetuates relations among people who describe themselves as being 'all the same'.
Marriage equates to forming an independent, productive unit with a focus on inhabitants of households rather than on family in terms of decent or blood ties. Kinship terms are limited to the word mama and this refers to the grandmother, the focal role in raising children. Active memory as expression of love and care is what makes people related to each other. Kin ties must be kept active by constant love and care. Forgetful kin are in turn forgotten and slowly erased from memory.
The thesis shows that religious beliefs are centered on exchange relationships with powerful entities that belong to the supernatural world. The dead and the miraculous San Antonio are powerful and ambivalent: they protect and help the living but can be revengeful and harmful if neglected by the living. Novenas are offered to the dead and the San Antonio in exchange for protection and miracles. Novenas represent a public and powerful ritual display of hospitality, enacting values of memory, solidarity and exchange.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/456
Islands
Sociality
Exchange
Kinship
Popular Catholicism
Miracles
Gente de isla - island people : an ethnography of Apiao, Chiloé, southern Chile
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/171572022-04-11T14:32:55Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_121col_10023_880
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Irvine, Richard D. G.
author
Lee, Elsa
author
Strubel, Miranda
author
Bodenhorn, Barbara
author
2016-10-01
Transformations of the landscapes which children inhabit have significant impacts on their lives; yet, due to the limited economic visibility of children’s relationships with place, they have little stake in those transformations. Their experience, therefore, illustrates in an acute way the experience of contemporary enclosure as a mode of subordination. Following fieldwork in three primary schools in South Cambridgeshire, UK, we offer an ethnographic account of children’s experiences of socio-spatial exclusion. Yet, we suggest that such exclusion is by no means an end-point in children’s relationships with place. Challenging assumptions that children are disconnected from nature, we argue that through play and imaginative exploration of their environments, children find ways to rebuild relationships with places from which they find themselves excluded.
Irvine , R D G , Lee , E , Strubel , M & Bodenhorn , B 2016 , ' Exclusion and reappropriation: experiences of contemporary enclosure among children in three East Anglian schools ' , Environment and Planning D: Society and Space , vol. 34 , no. 5 , pp. 935-953 . https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775816641945
0263-7758
PURE: 257429415
PURE UUID: 30f1afec-edb4-4f36-b455-dc5a054a7631
Scopus: 84987837086
ORCID: /0000-0003-0468-4510/work/90112684
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17157
https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775816641945
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/256086
Children
Enclosure
Environmental change
Housing development
Play
Schools
GN Anthropology
Geography, Planning and Development
Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
Exclusion and reappropriation: experiences of contemporary enclosure among children in three East Anglian schools
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/33892019-10-17T08:46:58Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Pickles, Anthony J.
author
2013-06-27
This thesis explores the part gambling plays in an urban setting in Highland Papua New Guinea. Gambling did not exist in (what is now) Goroka Town before European contact, nor Papua New Guinea more broadly, but when I conducted fieldwork in 2009-2010 it was an inescapable part of everyday life. One card game proliferated into a multitude of games for different situations and participants, and was supplemented with slot machines, sports betting, darts, and bingo and lottery games.
One could well imagine gambling becoming popular in societies new to it, especially coming on the back of money, wage-work and towns. Yet the popularity of gambling in the region is surprising to social scientists because the peoples now so enamoured by gambling are famous for their love of competitively giving things away, not competing for them. Gambling spread while gifting remained a central part of the way people did transactions. This thesis resists juxtaposing gifting and selfish acquisition. It shows how their opposition is false; that gambling is instead a new analytic technique for manipulating the value of gifts and acquisitions alike, through the medium of money.
Too often gambling takes a familiar form in analyses: as the sharp end of capitalism, or the benign, chance-led redistributor of wealth in egalitarian societies. The thesis builds an ethnographic understanding of gambling, and uses it to interrogate theories of gambling, money, and Melanesian anthropology. In so doing, the thesis speaks to a trend in Melanesian anthropology to debate whether monetisation and urbanisation has brought about a radical split in peoples’ understandings of the world. Dealing with some of the most starkly ‘modern’ material I find a process of inclusive indigenous materialism that consumes the old and the new alike, turning them into a model for action in a dynamic money-led world.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3389
Melanesia
Gambling
Money
Value
New Melanesian ethnography
Enumeration
Papua New Guinea
Urban
Cards
Slot machines
The pattern changes changes : gambling value in Highland Papua New Guinea
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/282602024-02-02T10:00:45Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Koulouri, Maria
author
2023-11-29
Since the Middle Horizon the Khipu, or cord writing, of Peru has employed standardised signs. The Inka empire further extended the Khipu for the recording of various aspects of mundane and ritual life. Later, hybrid Khipu combining alphabetic with Indigenous Khipu script, such as the Khipu Boards of Mangas and Casta, were used in the central Andes from the sixteenth century until the middle of the twentieth century. Using a multidisciplinary approach, I triangulated archaeometry (statistical analysis) of the first digital record of the alphabetic Khipu from the community of Mangas in Ancash, with ethnoarchaeology and ethnomethodology at the community of San Pedro de Casta in Huarochirí of Lima. I compare the Mangas Khipu Board with Middle-Horizon Khipu and I look at the use of Khipu Boards through material and ethnographic analysis. Prioritising Indigenous perspectives, I explore the multidimensionality of work tribute registered on the hybrid Khipu of Mangas and Casta to detect sign redundancy and offer an interpretation of their meaning (semantic decipherment). I demonstrate how non-hierarchical structures have been overlooked with the assumption that Khipu structures are hierarchically nested. I develop complex ethnomodels, applicable to other Khipu exhibiting multilevel structures beyond those of the ethnographic context, for the purpose of aiding Khipu methodology and towards a ‘multilevel turn’ in mixed-methods anthropology.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28260
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/595
RPG-2017-065
1-CHB3-000000 (111MAINSS 008)
Khipu
Khipu Boards
Decipherment
Indigenous cord writing
Archaeometry
Ethnographic fieldwork
Andean ritual
Multilevel structures
Redundancy
Multidimensionality of tribute
Khipu methodology
Decolonisation
Ethnomathematics
Deciphering the multilevel Khipu structures : a mixed-methods triangulation modelled on the communal Khipu Boards of Mangas and Casta
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/72972019-04-01T09:28:42Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Lewis, Susan
author
2004
This thesis takes as its ethnographic focus the Isle of Man, a British Crown Dependency. In the 1960s, the Manx government faced an economic crisis. The response was to open the Island to international banking, becoming an 'offshore' financial centre. The new industry sector has encouraged substantial immigration, to the extent that the Island-born are now in the minority. The Island now has economic success on one hand, but a new 'identity' crisis of cultural confidence on the other, raising the question 'what is it (now), to be Manx?' The Manx have always accepted incomers and are not, or ever have been, a clearly defined ethnic group. Rather 'Manxness' is an idea, a set of values, a way of relating to place and to each other. Defined thus, 'Manx identity' could be, and has been, shared with incomers. The current situation is, however, perceived as substantially different in its speed and volume, resulting in concerns that Manx culture and identity is disappearing under the weight of an alien cultural import. Reaction is demonstrated in renewed interest in the Manx Gaelic language and other 'traditiona1' pursuits, with individuals selecting routes to identification with place that satisfy personal motivations. Included in this performance of culture are members of the 'incomer' group blamed for its demise, while many Island-born show little concern. Through subtle analysis of this complex context, I add to anthropological understanding of 'identity' and 'way of life' by juxtaposing personal and collective responses to this process of change, and investigating the importance of scales of difference. And, in a disciplinary context that has shifted attention from bounded to boundless 'homes', I ask how far anthropological constructions go in explicating how and why our informants still struggle to strike a meaningful balance between their roots of and routes to identity
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7297
Roots of/routes to : practice and performance of identity in the Isle of Man
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/5292019-07-01T10:16:00Zcom_10023_280com_10023_39com_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_281col_10023_122
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Howkins, Angela
author
1977
Linguistic description has been described as "the application of a particular linguistic theory to a selected field of linguistic phenomena". The thesis presented here offers a partial application of Axiomatic Functionalism, (partial because its concern is with syntax only), to data collected on the San Martín dialect of Quechua.
Proportionate to the whole body of Quechua studies, there has been little produced on the syntax of any Quechua dialect. Most syntactic studies, as do the large majority of phonological and morphological studies, use American methodology, be it based on Bloomfieldian linguistics, or be it based on those of Chomsky. The present methodology stands diametrically opposed to both schools of American linguistics cited above, and as a result introduces a fresh approach to the study of the syntactic aspect of Quechua. With Axiomatic functionalism, a new way of looking at Quechua grammar is presented and thus much of what is accepted "fact" reappraised. For this reason, while the concern of the thesis is with producing a description of syntactic relations in San Martín Quechua under the terms of Axiomatic Functionalism, reference is made to descriptions of other Quechua dialects, most notably where the application of Axiomatic Functionalism produces statements containing certain phenomena which are quite different from statements made on equivalent phenomena in other dialects using a different linguistic theory. Moreover, Axiomatic Fundamentalism is a deductive theory, and so statements regarding the data contained in the description are not statements of "fact", but are hypotheses which may stand as valid hypotheses regarding the data unless they can be refuted.
Given that the theoretical base on which the description rests is different from that used in other descriptions of Quechua dialects, and so that the hypotheses made regarding syntactic relations in San Martín Quechua may be tested, Part I of the thesis is given over to the theoretical side of the work: to explaining the relation between theory and description in Chapter I, to giving brief explications of those notions in the theory which have particular relevance for a syntactic description in Chapter II, and in noting some of the limits set to the selection of the data for description in Chapter III./ The axioms and definitions of the theory are given in Appendix A. Part II of the thesis, which is in six chapters, deals with the description proper. Structures which may stand as sentences are established and analysed into their constituent structures, the relations between each constituent being ascertained. Analysis is carried through to the stage where there are no constituents analysable in syntactic terms left.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/529
Syntactic relations in San Martin Quechua
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/97902019-04-01T09:28:45Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Ibáñez-Bonillo, Pablo
author
2016-12-01
The Portuguese conquest and colonization of Brazil was mediated by the Tupi-Guarani societies that inhabited the Atlantic coast in a discontinuous pattern from the estuary of the River Plate to the mouth of the Amazon. In fact, the extension of Portuguese occupation coincides with the limits of expansion of these Tupi-Guarani societies in most regions, suggesting a historical relation with deep potential implications.
This work studies the conquest and construction of the Portuguese colonial frontier in the Lower Amazon and its estuary at the beginning of the XVIIth century, aiming to unveil the nature of the relations between Portuguese and Amerindian societies. The starting point is the hypothesis that the presence of Tupinamba societies from the Brazilian northeast, and of many other groups linked with them through language and culture, helped the Portuguese cause in their dispute for the control of the southern Amazon shores with other European competitors trading in the region. However, this very same dependency on the Tupinamba also acted as a brake on the Portuguese conquest as it headed north. This is supposed by the fact that almost no Tupi-Guarani traces have been recorded on the northern shore of the Amazon.
After analyzing native American dynamics in Brazil and Guayana, this work presents a detailed study of the battles and skirmishes fought by opposed European interests, and their natives allies, in the Amazon from 1616 to 1632. The last part is devoted to the analysis of the process of cultural construction on the colonial frontier, through conquest mechanisms that were also deployed on other colonial American frontiers. Among these mechanisms I emphasise the implementation of a set of institutions and the construction of a negative and savage native alterity through narratives that have been reproduced by the regional historiography.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9790
Ethnohistory
Amazonia
Tupinamba
Conquest
Frontier
The Portuguese conquest of the Amazon Estuary : identity, war, frontier (1612-1654)
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/62752023-06-20T02:01:09Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Yang, Jing
author
2015-06
This thesis aims at providing a cross-cultural study of how football museums represent and construct identities, both collective and personal. The research is based on a multi-sited ethnography at selected football museums in the UK, Germany, and China, employing participant observation, photographic recording and online research methods. This investigation sharpens an anthropological awareness of constructions of multiple layered identities by examining football museums’ exhibiting practices and activity programmes, as well as their built environments and cultural settings. The research also offers a perspective on museum visitors, who consume football museums with diverse personal and collective identity claims. Looking into the largely under-explored terrain of football museums, this research joins continuing anthropological efforts to understand identity work while also exploring continuing tensions inherent in a marriage between museums and football. The thesis contributes to the research field of football/sports museums with an ethnographic emphasis and a cross-cultural range.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6275
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-6275
Football museums
Identities
Construction and representation of identities in football museums: a comparative study
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/109992019-04-01T09:28:46Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Philogene Heron, Adom
author
2017
Fathermen is an ethnographic journey in the kinship lives of men on the island of Dominica, West
Indies. It traces the various complexities, conundra and contradictions Dominican men encounter
and create as they navigate relational life trajectories. These are termed kinship predicaments:
moments in kin-lives that trouble hegemonic concepts of fatherhood and masculine personhood;
that spark ambivalence between dominant ideals and lived experiences; that provoke quarrels
between mothers’ expectations and fathers’ practices; and expose incongruities between
established norms and emerging forms. Seeking to transcend the historical and contemporary
circumscriptions that stereotype Caribbean fathers as absent studs or patriarchal authoritarians,
this enquiry asks how Dominican men chart their own paths of paternal becoming. Developing an
intuitive participatory methodology, referred to as the ethnography of relation, Fathermen
commutes into the kin-worlds of Caribbean men, seeking to understand fatherhood through deep
dialogue as it is built from the ground up. Organising its chapters around local idioms through
which Dominicans frame kinship, Fathermen features discussions on: the romantic and conjugal
tensions that precede/inform parenting; the ‘mystic’ bodily affects that draw men into
reproduction; the vexed norm of paternal provision; Caribbean fathers’ emergent nurturant
practices; the classed politics of paternal recognition; and, finally, men’s ambivalent
intergenerational experiences of becoming grandfathers. Fathermen argues that it often takes a
lifetime to realise fatherhood, with many Dominican men unable to resolve its many paradoxes
within their mortal spans. Whilst it contends that men are ‘tied’ tighter into kin-life as they grow
along their paternal journeys, ambivalences persist. Yet still, amidst angst and complexity,
Fathermen is nonetheless an ethnography of love, dedication, familial vitality, creativity and
humour.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10999
Fathermen : predicaments in fatherhood, masculinity and the kinship lifecourse. Dominica, West Indies
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/113522019-04-01T09:28:48Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Byłów-Antkowiak, Katarzyna
author
2017
This anthropological study examines ontogeny of ideas about self and others and approaches
human capacity for intersubjectivity as emergent in the course of life, by looking at how it is shaped
through mediation of the world by others and by processes at the group level. The empirical focus
is the ecology of concepts used by Tibetan children and adults in their daily life in a Tibetan
residential school in India, where people’s conduct and children’s upbringing and schooling are
informed by the Tibetan and Buddhist models and theories of self, mind, learning, causation and
history. The aim of this study is to identify - through a close ethnographic description and analysis
- the core aspects of learning as conceptualized and lived experience within contemporary Tibetan
Buddhist education system, derived from one of the oldest wisdom traditions in the world and
crystallizing within a modern nation-state Asia. Tibetan Children’s Villages (TCV) was one of the
first Tibetan school networks aiming to provide formal lay education for children that sprang up
in exile following the fourteenth Dalai Lama’s flight to India in 1959.
Chapter 1 outlines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the study and sets forth
the research agenda that shaped the study design and kinds of engagement that were possible with
the study participants and the field. A short description of the geographical and climate conditions
in the field site is complemented by a snapshot of the social topography of the direct
neighbourhood of the school, where fieldwork was conducted over 11 months (February –
December) in 2013 and 3 months (June – September) in 2014. A brief review of debates and
sources from different bodies of anthropological literature bearing on the ethnographic material
has been added to clarify the orientation of the analysis and the research findings.
Chapter 2 explores the phenomenon of Tibetan lay education in exile and the concept of
education that developed as a result of a shift from monastic centres of learning towards
contemporary Tibetan lay schools in India. Through an ethnographic exploration of the theoretical
model of learning and pedagogical devices such as Tibetan debate, the chapter shows the mind as
the locus of schooling practices. It also demonstrates how, through daily ritual practices and debate,
this becomes a lived experience in a contemporary Tibetan school in the Indian Himalaya. The
chapter discusses ethnographic categories of mind, mind stream and mental karmic imprints, based
on interviews focusing on the Tibetan policy document detailing education strategy and goals.
These are shown to be informed by Tibetan Buddhist theory of learning and an understanding of
the inner subjective experience as the source of knowing. To contextualize the understanding of
mind in a contemporary Tibetan school in India, the chapter provides an ethnographic description
and analysis of the Tibetan dialectical debate (riglam) classes in TCV. Riglam is an ancient debating
tradition developed in India and preserved and further developed in Tibet and Tibetan monasteries
and now also in schools in exile.
Chapter 3 is an exploration of the ethnographic category of ‘history’ in the school. ‘History’
is shown to emerge out of the continuum of time – the un-tensed present. Drawing on the notion
of the mind imprints, patterning and habituation, and the imagery of the seed, coming ‘alive’ and
bearing fruit in the right circumstances, the chapter describes how the making of ‘history’ is
inscribed in the bodies of TCV inhabitants through daily bodily practices - bodily discipline, or
conduct (chöpa).
Chapter 4 focuses on TCV as a place and on the embeddedness of TCV within other
places. Through the discussion of the use of space and space-enabled operations, such as e.g.
spatio-temporally co-located sport games, the chapter outlines conceptualisation of a TCV-place
as expressed through the idioms of ‘floating’ and ‘going out of bounds’. This also leads to a
discussion of transgressions involving the use of electronic devices, tattoos and hairstyles, leaving
school, and the discourse and practices around the concept of ‘pure Tibetans’. The ethnographic
material highlighting an ontogenesis of space opens the way to discuss the embodied practice of
interdependence among TCV inhabitants, the practice that challenges the usefulness of analytical
categories of ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ for an anthropological analysis of the experience of growing up
and living in TCV.
Chapters 5 and 6 look closely at the idea of others being essential in the ontogenesis of
beings. Chapter 5 is based on examples of teasing and games that involve directing attention of
infants and children to other people, and bringing other people’s ‘gaze’ (seeing you) to bear on the
decisions made for self. In this way it draws an outline of a particular kind of pedagogic effort
directed at infants and toddlers, and traces this pedagogy in other, later stages of the schooling
experience in TCV.
Chapter 6 focuses specifically on grammatical constructions that seemed to be salient in
the interactions between TCV inhabitants (adults and children). These included: 1) addresseebound
verb use, and, specifically, I-for-you inversion in questions; 2) the use of honorific forms
for others (multiplicity and gradation of terms) and its proscription for self-referential statements;
3) evidentiality markers denoting direct or indirect experience and the salience of personal
connection to the subject/object/action. Such ethnographic exploration of the perspective
inversion in everyday language use and everyday interactions leads to the review of some tacit
assumptions about the ‘subject’ in subjectivity and intersubjectivity used as heuristic devices. The
chapter also explores the utility, feasibility and implications of including the dialogical dimension
of being in the anthropological inquiry.
The conclusion of the thesis focuses on the question of intersubjectivity not as given, but
as ‘teased out’ and formed through practices involving both the constitution of self and the
simultaneous and inevitable constitution of others. It also posits the necessity of ethnographic
exploration of different practices that might be involved in bringing forth intersubjectivity, and
questions about the resulting ‘intersubjectivities’. Discussion of different aspects of the experience
of living and growing up in a TCV campus developed in the previous chapters, i.e. the theory of
learning and understanding of “mind”, inner subjective experience and karmic imprints; discipline
and temporal frameworks predicated on the ideas of karmic causation; dependent arising; training
of awareness, attention and ethical judgement and the ideas of self, leads to a particular reading of
the TCV slogan “Others Before Self”. The analysis, which starts with an exploration of the ideology
of education expressed through a policy document building upon particular Buddhist premises, is
thus brought full circle, with lived Buddhist experience animating the ubiquitous TCV formula for
a human being.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11352
"Others before self" : Tibetan pedagogy and childrearing in a Tibetan children's village in the Indian Himalaya
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Irvine, Robin
author
2018
This thesis take the form of an ethnographic exploration of a bull-breeding estate called
Partido de Resina (formerly Pablo Romero) in the countryside near Seville in Andalusia.
The estate, founded in 1885, produces fighting bulls for taurine events in Southern France,
Spain and Portugal. At the heart of the thesis is the life cycle of the fighting animals, every
chapter being anchored to a particular point in the bull-breeding calendar and the lives of
the stock. Each chapter draws out specific qualities of the world of the bulls from the
perspective of Partido de Resina, rooting the bulls and their people in a wider Spanish and
Andalusian landscape and history, with a focus on technical know-how and everyday
ethics after the 2008 financial crisis. The professionals who care for the Partido de Resina
bulls, cows, and calves are the human protagonists of this project; their working routines,
hopes, concerns, and stories described through their interactions with the animals which
they look after.
The core anthropological argument in the thesis is to show how different ethnographically
salient forms of life emerge on and around the estate, sometimes weighted towards
individual animals, sometimes towards bits of taurine bodies, or breeds, types, lineages,
cohorts, and other groupings of stock. The varied, dynamic presence of animal life is
contextualised in the literature of the 'animal turn' in anthropology, which has drawn non-
human life into the ethnographic foreground. A case is made for a nuanced and contextual
ethnographic attention to animal life and interiority as it emerges in the field, without an a
priori emphasis on animal personhood or subjectivity. In foregrounding the qualities and
concerns encountered and worked through during both routine livestock maintenance and
extraordinary, definitive events like bullfights, the emergent, multiple character of taurine
forms of existence become apparent.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15550
"Los toros guapos" : "good-looking bulls", animal life, ethics and professional know-how on an Andalusian bull-breeding estate
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/155052019-04-01T09:28:56Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Corbett, Anne F.
author
1994
It is the purpose of this thesis to examine the reasons why Cuzco Quechua, an Amerindian language of Latin America, uses allomorphs, or multiple forms, to represent the minimal semantic units of the language (or morphemes). Starting from the Initial hypothesis that the relatively minor role of allomorphy in contemporary Cuzco Quechua indicates the earlier absence of that allomorphy, the motivation for the introduction and retention of allomorphy is examined, as this relates to a number of characteristic types; Vowel Deletion, affecting final suffixes, Consonant Cluster Simplification and Vowel Dissimilation, affecting suffixes of the verb stem, and the potential allomorphy of the suffixes of Person, pronominal and verbal. Such allomorphy proves to be the result of attempts to contain new morphological developments within existing structural preferences of syllable configuration, and to limit the potential for semantic ambiguity, arising out of identity of form, or homonymy. The unanticipated result of such a study is the implication in all cases considered of an earlier process of affixation, leading to the formation of untypical morph-forms, Allomorphy is seen to be the by-product of compensatory change, introduced to modify the results of previous developments, In particular, the role of the 'empty morph', ni, of nominal Person is found to be implicated in the derivational history of all Quechua suffixes of Person, and its origin imputed to an early role of the verb ni-, 'to say', used with auxiliary function. Based on the evidence of allomorphy, the conclusion is drawn that many of the suffixes of Cuzco Quechua owe their origin to syntactic forms of expression, indicating that the role of the syntactic construction in this typically agglutinative language was formerly more significant than is now recognised.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15505
The nature and causes of allomorphy in Cuzco Quechua : with special reference to the marking of person and the 'empty morph' ni-
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Long, Violet
author
1980
The objective of
this study
is to trace the
relationship
between
oveit and covert acculturation and
bilingualism in the Colombian Indian community of
Guambia.
The first section
describes the ten indicators of
innovative behaviour that form the Overt Acculturation
Scale,
on
the basis
of which
the informants were allocated
to three Acculturation Categories. These indicators,
weighted according
to their
relative
importance for the
Guambianos, are:
dress
and
language;
occupation, migration
and education; reciprocal
labour,
goods and
the home,
ritual
and medicine, and access
to the media.
Acculturation has
noticeably affected very
few. These
form
an elite of well-educated young men who wear
Western
clothes,
have specialised occupations and skills, and are
well-acquainted with
White culture and society
through
personal
ties, migration and
the
media.
All
others are
distributed along a continuum,
taking
more or
less from the
White World.
Secondly, imaginative stories
told in Guambiano and
Spanish to
a series of pictures
by the informants
were
analysed
for
signs of covert acculturation.
Six hypotheses
were statistically
tested
which
held that the
ethnic
identity
of
the
characters portrayed, as
Guambiano
or
White, would
affect
their
personalities, actions, aims,
interactions
and emotions. Also, the
acculturational level
of
the
story-
teller
and
the language
used would affect the
content,
except
for
emotion.
In Guambiano
all
display similar beliefs in traditional
values and a similar
acculturated are
fav
achievement-oriented
show ambivalence and
people and culture.
Thirdly, these
ethnocentrism; in Spanish the highly
curable
to White
characters and more
and ambitious, the
slightly acculturated
the
unacculturated defend their
own
same stories were used
to investigate
bilingual
proficiency.
The
range of syntactic constructions
used
in the two languages, the
range of vocabulary
found in
Spanish,
and the levels
of grammatical and
lexical
interference in both languages
were used as measures of oral
productive proficiency.
The
majority shows sufficient
proficiency in Spanish for inter-group
communication,
but
some
few have
only a passive
knowledge
and others prove
more fluent than in Guambiano
on
the test.
The major conclusion
is that the Guambianos'
strong
ethnic identity
-
symbolised
in their dress, language, land
and work -
prevents greater acculturation. At
present only
the highly
acculturated elite
is innovative
and
bicultural,
while
the
majority seeks
to
maintain
its
cultural
heritage.
It is
economic interaction,
not
bilingualism, that
will
probably
lead to
eventual wholesale modification, since
the
Guambiano language
remains strong
but the
economic situation
grows ever worse.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2955
Acculturation and bilingualism in Guambía (Colombia)
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/49132023-04-18T09:52:12Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_121col_10023_880
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High, Mette
author
Schlesinger, Jonathan
author
2010
This article examines the politics of gold mining in the Mongolian cultural region during the Qing period and today. By drawing on archival material and accounts by travellers of the period, the authors situate the current mining boom within its greater historical context. Since the exploration of gold has been surrounded by enduring notions of exclusivity and purity, the article shows how mining for gold has historically been closely related to Mongolian practices of political rulership. By examining the current mining boom in Mongolia from a broader historical perspective, the article argues that this extractive economy involves much more than a search for profit.
High , M & Schlesinger , J 2010 , ' Rulers and rascals : the politics of gold mining in Mongolian Qing history ' , Central Asian Survey , vol. 29 , no. 3 , pp. 289-304 . https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2010.518008
0263-4937
PURE: 129579918
PURE UUID: 24f375ee-8b37-43f6-907a-9c918962ad26
RIS: urn:E16F45D2B1DEC40025E80A20E41E4CDC
Scopus: 78649494399
ORCID: /0000-0001-5752-6810/work/90112334
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4913
https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2010.518008
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02634937.2010.518008
Mongolia
Qing Empire
Mining
Gold
Environment
H Social Sciences (General)
Rulers and rascals : the politics of gold mining in Mongolian Qing history
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/34192019-04-01T09:28:59Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Schulenburg, Alexander Hugo
author
1999
This thesis explores the textualizing of the South Atlantic island of St Helena (a
British Overseas Territory) through an analysis of the relationship between
colonizing practices and the changing representations of the island and its
inhabitants in a range of colonial 'texts', including historiography, travel writing,
government papers, creative writing, and the fine arts.
Part I situates this thesis within a critical engagement with post-colonial
theory and colonial discourse analysis primarily, as well as with the recent
'linguistic turn' in anthropology and history. In place of post-colonialism's rather
monolithic approach to colonial experiences, I argue for a localised approach to
colonisation, which takes greater account of colonial praxis and of the continuous
re-negotiation and re-constitution of particular colonial situations.
Part II focuses on a number of literary issues by reviewing St Helena's
historiography and literature, and by investigating the range of narrative tropes
employed (largely by travellers) in the textualizing of St Helena, in particular
with respect to recurrent imaginings of the island in terms of an earthly Eden.
Part III examines the nature of colonial 'possession' by tracing the island's
gradual appropriation by the Portuguese, Dutch and English in the sixteenth and
early seventeenth century and the settlement policies pursued by the English
East India Company in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century.
Part IV provides an account of the changing perceptions, by visitors and
colonial officials alike, of the character of the island's inhabitants (from the late
eighteenth to the early twentieth century) and assesses the influence that these
perceptions have had on the administration of the island and the political status of
its inhabitants (in the mid- to late twentieth century).
Part V, the conclusion, reviews the principal arguments of my thesis by
addressing the political implications of post-colonial theory and of my own
research, while also indicating avenues for further research.
A localised and detailed exploration of colonial discourse over a period of
nearly five hundred years, and a close analysis of a consequently wide range of
colonial 'texts', has confirmed that although colonising practices and
representations are far from monolithic, in the case of St Helena their continuities
are of as much significance as their discontinuities.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3419
Transient observations : the textualizing of St Helena through five hundred years of colonial discourse
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/186952021-04-09T14:25:13Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Hazelgrove Planel, Lucie
author
2019-12-04
This thesis investigates how workers of pandanus on Futuna Island engage with and navigate the world around them through their work. Pandanus work is integral to social life: it nurtures, sustains, creates meaning and relations. Through focusing on the handicraft and considering pandanus work as a process: from the upkeep of the plants and the treatment of the leaf materials, the creation of structured artefacts and decorative plaited patterns, to the exchange and sale of baskets and mats and the final discarding of the artefacts, the research explores the complex set of meanings, sensibilities and challenges inherent in this multi-faceted and productive activity.
The ethnographic study fills an important gap in current research by exploring the pandanus baskets and mats used in the everyday rather than the artefacts of ceremonial importance. The quotidian interests and concerns of people in Vanuatu and how these are expressed through activities and material forms creates the very fabric of the thesis and reveals what is important in life on Futuna.
The study is set in a context where local knowledge and ways of doing things are actively reflected on and discussed as people navigate conflicting ideologies and ways of being. I argue that pandanus work is fundamentally a process of production where not only artefacts, but knowledge, subjects and relationships are created, nurtured and developed. Fundamental ideas about life are questioned in processes of pandanus work.
Thus through considering the social, religious, and environmental aspects of pandanus work, the research furthers anthropological understandings of how ideas, beliefs and challenges are explored and explained in the quotidian production and use of plaited mats and baskets in Vanuatu. This project explores how women on Futuna figuratively weave the story of their lives.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18695
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-18695
Pacific Islands
Material culture
Vanuatu
Anthropology
Basketry
Processes of making
Gender
Weaving
Markets
Weaving through life : an ethnographic study of the significance of pandanus work to the people of Futuna Island, Vanuatu
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/142512023-07-27T15:30:14Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_121col_10023_880
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Wardle, Huon
author
2016-12-02
Wardle , H 2016 , John Brown : freedom and imposture in the early twentieth-century trans-Caribbean . in M L E Silva & H Wardle (eds) , Freedom in Practice : Governance, Autonomy and Liberty in the Everyday . Routledge Studies in Anthropology , Routledge Taylor & Francis Group , pp. 63-86 .
9781138921122
9781315686554
PURE: 248756698
PURE UUID: 8b85e720-dad4-4207-acc2-3389f2b5eb10
WOS: 000452840700004
Scopus: 85027146511
ORCID: /0000-0002-7179-8289/work/64034040
WOS: 000452840700004
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14251
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315686554
GN Anthropology
John Brown : freedom and imposture in the early twentieth-century trans-Caribbean
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/83432023-04-19T00:37:16Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_121col_10023_880
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Rapport, Nigel Julian
author
2014-03
Rapport , N J 2014 , The capacities of anyone : accommodating the universal human subject as value and in space . in L Josephides & A Hall (eds) , We the Cosmopolitans : Moral and Existential Conditions of Being Human . Berghahn , pp. 48-67 .
9781782382768
9781782382775
PURE: 450555
PURE UUID: e96bd1fd-6bbb-437d-a9ef-5302fec6d59f
standrews_research_output: 30552
Scopus: 84937045107
ORCID: /0000-0003-2803-0212/work/90112067
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8343
H Social Sciences (General)
The capacities of anyone : accommodating the universal human subject as value and in space
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154122019-04-01T09:29:00Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Rowland, Ann-Stacy Kahler
author
1998
Previous studies have found a relationship between attributions of blame and traumatic events such as crime, illness, and accidents/disasters, albeit inconclusive as to the benefits or detriments of self- and other-blame on adjustment outcome (e.g., Janoff-Bulman, 1979; Joseph, Brewin, Yule & Williams, 1991,1993; Derry & McLachlan, 1995; Frazier & Schauben, 1994). The effects of attributions of blame on the adjustment outcome of family members bereaved through murder has been neglected. Therefore, little is known about such benefits to adjustment in this population. In addition, no longitudinal research has been conducted so little is known about this process of adjustment. A retrospective longitudinal study investigated emotional state and event-related impact, attributions of blame, control and just world cognitions, revenge and disabling distress. Thirty-four family members, recruited from "Families of Murdered Children", were interviewed and completed four psychological measures. They were followed up six and twelve months later. On all three occasions, subjects showed high levels of negative emotional state and event-related impact, especially older, female and support seeking subjects. Self-blame and feelings of revenge were linked to higher levels of negative emotional state and event-related impact, especially in female subjects. Control and just world cognitions were not related to emotional state and event-related impact. Negative emotional state at Time 1 was predictive of poor overall adjustment at Time 2 and Time 3, while gender was predictive of poor overall adjustment at Time 2. Subjects suffering from distress that interfered with their daily lives at Time 3 had higher negative emotional state and event-related impact at Time 1, Time 2 and Time 3. In order to further investigate the effects of blame attributions on mood, a randomised between-subjects laboratory study was conducted. Eighty-seven undergraduates were assigned to one of three writing conditions (self-blame, other-blame and no blame/control) with mood being assessed before and after writing. Results showed that negative mood had been cognitively induced, however, no condition effects occurred. The mood effect was greater for women than men. Implications for theory, practice and future research in relation to the main findings are discussed.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15412
Emotional state, event-related impact and blame cognitions : a study of secondary victims of murder
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/218782021-11-17T09:34:55Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Whitehouse, Andrew J.
author
2005
This thesis concerns the relationship between two conservation organisations (Scottish Natural Heritage and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds) and farming people in Islay, Scotland. The historical discourse of this entangled relationship is constructed from interviews, archival research, meetings and events recorded during sixteen months of fieldwork. The principal contestations concerned designated areas for conservation and crop damage caused by protected geese. This historical discourse developed alongside fluctuations in Islay's agricultural economy and concerns over the future of farming. Five sketches introduce the discourse but the analysis is then developed around three symbols that represented conservation and farming - an RSPB nature reserve, designated areas and the goose problem. Farmers' relations with land, government and other farmers are also described in order to reveal their understandings of change and the outside world -both of which conservation organisations came to represent.
The thesis emphasises a perceptual, fluid and diachronic approach to the negotiation of difference and relations of power rather than notions of belonging and marginalisation. It describes how individuals and organisations explained and negotiated difference and how they utilised symbols both to situate themselves and to develop future strategies. Bateson's concepts of tautology and abduction are then used to tease out the underlying assumptions that underpin these practices. This analysis reveals models of connection between the local/ outside world and continuity/ change and the ways in which these were played off against one another in discourse. Although conservationists were often identified with change and the outside world, this identification was gradually reduced because farmers needed to renegotiate their livelihoods in the light of deteriorating economic conditions and also because conservation came to be more associated with the local and with continuity. Because their power could then seem either more negotiable or more inevitable, the influence of conservationists grew.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21878
Negotiating small differences : conservation organisations and farming in Islay
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26792019-04-01T09:29:01Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Berger, Adam
author
2006
The Rainbow Family of Living Light is an intentional society devoted to
achieving world peace through spiritual healing. A loose association of spiritual
seekers that explicitly rejects all forms of leadership and imposed authority, it
represents an interesting example of an anarchist and communal society.
Rainbow Family events regularly draw thousands of people. These take place all
over the world. While some participants may question the label, it can be
described as one of the biggest and most geographically diverse New Age
groups on the planet. As such, it is a very important factor in shaping the entire
present day New Age movement.
I conducted fieldwork with the Rainbow Family between the autumns of
1998 and 2002, traveling with the nomadic group throughout the United States.
The Rainbow Family rejects any sort of official membership, accepting anyone
who attends its events as an equal participant. Spending extended periods of
time in the field, I became immersed in this alternative society. The distinction
between ethnographic researcher and informants was highly problematic under
such circumstances. This made me acutely aware of the issues surrounding
fieldwork and anthropological authority. My own work began to seem quite
similar to the spiritual seeking of other participants. As such, I began to consider
the commonalities between anthropology and the spirituality encountered
within the Rainbow Family.
The spiritual discourses produced by Rainbow Family participants are
uniquely eclectic and ludic in tone. In a setting explicitly championing individual
freedom rather than coercion, there is no sense of spiritual orthodoxy. The ways
in which spiritual discourses are treated by the Rainbow Family display
interesting attitudes towards truth, authority, and reality. These attitudes are
reminiscent of epistemological orientations within postmodernist anthropology.
Rainbow Family participants find noteworthy solutions to the apparent
ontological dilemmas postmodernism presents. It is my hope that looking at the
Rainbow Family of Living Light will suggest a viable way for anthropology to
productively deal with its current crisis of identity.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2679
The Rainbow Family : an ethnography of spiritual postmodernism
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/36362019-11-18T17:17:38Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Swan, Eileadh
author
2012
This thesis endeavours to re-theorise traditional authority through a consideration of chieftaincy within Ghana’s Asogli Traditional Area. Chiefs’ increasing activity in the implementation of development projects, has piqued anthropological interest in traditional
authority once more. Recent anthropological analyses have focused on chiefs’ proficiency
in mediating between tradition and modernity, and in particular, their ability to use their traditional past as a means towards the establishment of a modern and developed present and future. The ancestors, while a central feature of colonial studies of traditional authority, remain notably absent within these recent post-colonial studies.
However, my own research suggests that traditional authorities were recognised by
people as credible development leaders precisely because their authority was ancestral. I argue that tradition – by way of the ancestors – provided an alternative temporal mode through which people could realistically envisage development and future well-being. Because of their very ontological ground as once living, historical kins-people, I contend that the ancestors were able to fashion a tradition which was not temporally opposed to the present or the future, and a tradition whose authenticity was not dependent upon the
eclipsing of the colonial and European relations which equally constituted it.
Secondly, this thesis argues that development and future well-being was also
conceived of as a moral project and one which the traditional authorities – as caretakers of ancestral morality – were best placed to oversee. Traditional morality was based upon the ideal relationship of care and respect between ancestors and their descendants. As such, chiefs and elders were increasingly valued as leaders capable of articulating and resolving tensions between freedom and obligation, accumulation and distribution. It was in the funerary context, where ancestors and morality were made, that the traditional authorities,
as the ‘police of death’, revealed both the honour and burden of traditional authority.
I focus primarily on the views and practices of the traditional authorities themselves
and those for whom the ‘traditional complex’ resonated most strongly. Theoretically, I
refuse to take Asogli tradition less seriously because it was discredited by some
anthropologists as a modern invention. I also resist the temptation to question appearances by attributing to Asogli Traditional Authority the status of an alternative modernity. By thinking through the ancestors, this thesis seeks to engage with tradition rather than ‘tradition’, but without fully subscribing to the recent ‘ontological turn’ in anthropology.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3636
Traditional authority revisited : ancestors, development and an alternative tempo-morality in Ho, Ghana
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/71172019-04-01T09:29:03Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Debevec, Liza
author
2005
The
subject of the thesis is the everyday
life
of several
Muslim
and one
Christian
family
residing
in different
parts of
Bobo-Dioulasso, the second
largest town in
Burkina Faso,
situated
in the south west, on the axis
between Mali
and
Ivory Coast.
Through
ethnographic
descriptions
of
food
events
I
explore
larger issues
of
everyday existence
in
urban
West Africa. The joint
use of
`traditional'
and
`western'
foods
shows that the average
Burkinabe
shifts
between
several worlds
in
which s/he
feels
more or
less
comfortable.
One is the home,
where eating and other practices
are traditional and safe, the other the outside world, where one
is
always at risk of
the unknown.
At the same time the outside world
is
a space
invested
with
expectations, excitement and possibility of success.
I
explore the ways
in
which
people negotiate
between
the `traditional'
world, which they know
and understand,
and the `modern'
ways of
life, to which, while with
hesitation
and apprehension,
they aspire.
In
order to understand people's everyday actions,
I
analyse their
everyday
lives,
starting
from the home life
and everyday
feeding
practices, through
celebrations and rituals, and their relationship with and
ideas
about the outside world
through the media.
Finally, I
explore people's
ideas
about the future they aspire to,
both for themselves and
for their families.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7117
Through the food lens : the politics of everyday life in urban Burkina Faso
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154022019-04-01T09:29:05Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Cuthbert, Michael
author
1987
As an academic, a scholar and a thinker Patrick Geddes worked in a wide and diverse range of intellectual fields. He was active in biology and botany, geography, sociology, what came to be called town planning, history and the theory and practice of the social sciences. As a man of practical affairs and action he was a patron of art and architecture, rescuer of the Old Town in Edinburgh, founder and funder of the Edinburgh Summer School and a College in Montpellier. As well as Edinburgh he was active in London, Paris, Dublin, America, India, Jerusalem and Montpellier. This protean diversity has called for the two responses from interpreters of his work. The first was to stress the town planning component at the expense of the rest. He has been monopolised by the town planners chiefly through the influence of Lewis Mumford and to a lesser extent Patrick Abercrombie and Frank Mears. The second was to explain his polymathic diversity as the work of an extraordinary personality: such studies have been biographical with a tendency to flattery. This thesis seeks to understand Patrick Geddes as part of the cultural and intellectual life of Scotland. The origins of his town planning work is examined as part of the particular traditions and history of Edinburgh just as his regional planning analyses are seen as part of the tradition of resistance to the cultural domination of London, the imperial metropolis. The role of the Outlook Tower is interpreted as a component of his general theory of pedagogy especially as his concept of the museum relates to this theory. The analyses of his attempt to create a Scottish Renaissance help explain the weakness of his more general sociological and ecological theories.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15402
The concept of the Outlook Tower in the work of Patrick Geddes
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/153882018-07-13T14:39:25Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Ceuppens, Godelieve Bambi
author
1997
This dissertation set out to investigate the thesis that the Modern Western Self has "created" Self as a self-creating, creative category, and in denying all possibilities of originality to the Other, has "created" the Other as an essentially imitative creature, a mirror-image of Self. I have in particular compared the conceptualisations of "woman", "child" and "primitive" as Other with specific reference to the British colonial experience in Ireland and the overseas territories. I argue that these ideas go back to a conceptualisation of the human self as dual, consisting of self and mask, and self and social roles. I discuss the development of this discourse against the background of the growth of imperialism which coincided with a didactic discourse and the spread of syphilis which led to an increased control of children's and women's sexuality, and was a key concept in the conceptualisations of the notions of age groups, genders, classes, and "races". Starting point for my discussion of imitation is Aristotle's conceptualisation of mimesis in the performative arts in Poetica, and Modern debates on his ideas. I propose that the notion of "imitation" as an attribute of the Other needs to be historicised and situated within the development of what has been called a domesticated imperialism, i.e. an imperialism built on the domestic idea which unites people under the symbolic roof of the imperial "home" but separates them in terms of age, gender, class, and "race". This domesticated imperialism has its roots in the mercantile imperialism which developed from the sixteenth century onwards and came to full fruition in the nineteenth century. It attributed a special role to reproductive sexuality in that it was through the control of inter- and intra-sex sexual relations that boundaries between ages, classes and "races" could be maintained or broken down; the rhetoric of the Other's imitativeness was therefore closely tied up with the rhetoric of control of the Other's sexuality. While my investigations have confirmed the significance of the notions of creativity and createdness, originality and imitativeness for ideas of Selfhood and Otherness, they have established that notions of "womanhood" as opposed to "manhood", "childhood" as opposed to "adulthood", "primitivity" as opposed to "civilisation" are always impinged upon by age, gender, sexual object choice, marital status, occupation, ethnicity, "race", class, religious affiliation etc.. They have made clear that Self and Other engage in a number of relations rather than merely being oppositional, and that creativity and createdness, originality and imitativeness can, to various degrees, be associated with either category. However, towards the end of the nineteenth century an academic discourse developed which conceptualised Self and Other as antithetical and mutual exclusive, if sometimes complementary categories. This discourse which established the supremacy of the Western adult male of independent means developed partially in reaction to public debates which questioned the primacy of the father and recognised the creative powers of the sexual, social and/or "racial" Other for the socialisation of the Self Recent studies of the Other in post-colonial theory, gender studies and social anthropology are still largely predicated on dichotomous models developed as part of this discourse in that they conventionally portray the Other as a mirror-image of the Self There is thus a congruence between (i) ideas on the relationship between Self and Other; (ii) ideas on the study of Self and Other; and (iii) ideas on the analysis of Self and Other. The dissertation proceeds to discuss the benefits of a theoretical perspective that dissolves these dichotomies through an analysis of nineteenth century discourses which acknowledged that Self and Other were mutually constituted, and a critical assessment of recent theories in psychoanalysis, anthropology and gender studies on the relation between Self and Other, with particular reference to the notion of performance which allows us to reestablish a link with Aristotle's Poetica. The dissertation goes on to question the opposition between originality and imitativeness, and concludes with the suggestion that the very concept of Self and Other needs qualification.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15388
Mimesis, mirror and mask : modern imaginaries of self and other
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/113732019-04-01T09:29:12Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Hewlett, Christopher Erik
author
2014
This thesis examines the processes through which Amahuaca people began living in
Native Communities where they have legal titles to land, and are organized through the
‘corporate’ body of elected officials mandated by Peruvian law. The thesis focuses on the
period beginning in 1953 when the Summer Institute of Linguistics established the first
mission among Amahuaca people at the headwaters of the Inuya River in Eastern Peru.
This initiated a period of continuous contact between Amahuaca people and wider
Peruvian society. By taking a historical approach to understanding contemporary life
among Amahuaca people, the thesis engages with the problem of how they have come to
understand their past and how this is expressed today. The primary narrative is that
through their engagement with the Summer Institute of Linguistics, Amahuaca people
have learned to live together. This notion of living together stands in sharp contrast to the
ways they often appear in the literature, which focuses on the lack of large villages and
any overarching social and political organization. Through an analysis of the
transformations Amahuaca people have undergone as a result of their decision to
participate in the SIL’s project, the thesis challenges this notion of lack and sets out an
alternate way of perceiving of Amahuaca sociality. The analysis begins with a series of
collective ceremonies in the 1960s, which were the only moments when Amahuaca
people were said to coordinate activities at a level beyond the extended family. Taking
this as an entry point, the thesis tracks the movement of a specific group of families
through time and space to explore the types of relationships they were engaged in during
this period of massive change. The overall aim is to locate continuities in the ways
Amahuaca people relate with one another and the wider world to better understand how
processes of transformation might be understood as the outcome of particular
relationships people made over the past half-century. Today, the same families who lived
in the first mission are spread out from the headwaters of the Inuya and Mapuya Rivers to
the provincial capital of Atalaya. The overarching narrative of becoming civilized is
given geographic significance based on this movement from the headwaters to the larger
rivers and towns; however, most of these families reside in one of two Amahuaca Native
Communities (Comunidades Nativas) located near the midpoint between these two poles.
One of the major themes of the thesis is to understand how people negotiate living
together in a Native Community as a formulation of becoming other.
Transformation, Native Community, Peruvian Amazonia, Government, History,
Amahuaca, Sociality, Missionization
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11373
History, kinship and comunidad : learning to live together amongst Amahuaca people on the Inuya River in the Peruvian Amazon
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/10092019-04-01T09:29:14Zcom_10023_280com_10023_39com_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_281col_10023_122
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Stiles, Neville
author
1982
This thesis examines the vitality of Hidalgo Nahuatl (HN) in the
communities of Jaltocan, Panacaxtlan, Santa Cruz, Santa Teresa
and Zohuala in the Huasteca Hidalguense, Mexico.
The research, conducted in Mexico and St. Andrews University
from 1976-1982, applies an analysis of HN within the framework of
the Sociology of Language and Dependency Theory, thereby using a
multi-disciplinary approach. Through an investigation of the historical,
social, cultural and economic factors related to HN, the
latter is embedded in its reality.
HN is shown to be originally a language of dependency and oppression,
supported by a long mestizo tradition of "caciquismo". It is
demonstrated that an increasing number of Spanish (S) monolinguals,
together with other socio-economic factors, is encouraging Nahuas
to bilingualize and S:: =A. is fast becoming the new language of dependency.
The Hidalgo Nahuas possess practical reasons for the acquisition
of S., these being to solve their daily problems - especially
land tenancy -, to communicate with the mestizo out-group and to
undertake trading with non-HN speakers. However, the Nahuas are
not surrendering their native language as they bilingualize, but
rather, tend to limit its usage to native Nahua contexts and speakers.
HN has become important to the Nahuas in order to demonstrate
their ethnic identity and territoriality.
The introduction of government projects to the communities, such as
the Castellanizacion project or bilingual-bicultural education, are
shown to be theoretically bilingual in approach, but fail to take
into account sufficiently the regional Indian language in the praxis.
The stable maintenance of HN is highlighted by statistical results
from the word-count of recorded texts, documents and publications
and the range of morphological phenomena affecting S. words
in HN is described with examples from the Corpus.
The linguistic interference from S. in HN is located within Dependency
Theory and this author suggests the use of the term dependency
word rather than loan word and dependency language, thus implying
a diachronic sociological process which is reflected in HN.
Extended Texts are offered as evidence of the linguistic standard
of HN and attitudes of Nahuas towards their language are presented.
The final conclusion is that modern HN is a viable, vital and
functional language at the time of undertaking this research and
demonstrates a frequent usage by a large number of speakers. HN
has still not entered into:. -avital process of language death, as
is the case in other Nahuatl-speaking regions of Mexico, and is
still being maintained, particularly at community level, by adults
and children alike.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1009
Nahuatl in the Huasteca Hidalguense : a case study in the sociology of language
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/153822019-04-01T09:29:16Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Bajor, William J.
author
1997
This thesis examines how the displaced Sudanese in Egypt, Kenya, and the United Kingdom discuss the topic of "Human Rights". Whereas many studies on "Human Rights" are primarily concerned with the opinions of outsiders, an attempt is made here to provide an alternative perspective in that the focus of this dissertation is on how the displaced Sudanese, themselves, discuss "Human Rights" in view of their situation as exiles. The thesis begins by tracing the historical evolution of the 'Western' concept of "Human Rights" and investigating the historical relationship between Anthropology and "Human Rights". Attention is paid to the role of the doctrine of "cultural relativism" in the discipline of Anthropology. After briefly looking at Sudan's geographical and social makeup, I explain the difficulties I encountered as an independent scholar conducting research on "Human Rights" and Sudan. This is followed by descriptions of the fieldwork locations. What comes next is the heart and soul of the thesis. After giving brief descriptions of the interviewees, 1 analyse how the interviews were conducted and explain how the issue of "Politics" dominated practically every discussion with the interviewees. Next, excerpts from nineteen interviews are presented for the reader to get acquainted with the conversations between the Interviewees and myself. Finally, an examination is made of how "Human Rights" is employed as a manipulative device (or tool) by the interviewees. This is essentially the crux of the study. The chief aim of the thesis is to present various ways the notion of "Human Rights" can be (and is) interpreted and utilised by the displaced Sudanese in the context of their own circumstances as exiles.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15382
Discussing "human rights" : an anthropological exposition on "human rights" discourse
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/28192019-07-01T10:17:59Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Rettie, Kathleen
author
2006
National Parks bear greater implications than simply preserving or conserving pockets
of
landscape. They
evoke values of conservation versus development, livelihood
economics, environmental stewardship and personal enrichment; they fulfil
positions
in
relation to the national and the international
stage.
Social
characteristics are
revealed though this comparative study of
Banff National Park
and the Cairngorms
National Park. Perceptions of space, place and boundaries crucially
imply different
meanings to the people
living inside the national park
boundaries
and those living
outside the boundaries. 'Insiders'
are
long-term
permanent residents
for
whom
being
in the park
is
a practical activity;
'outsiders' include
scientists, conservationists,
bureaucrats,
and tourists, who take various
ideological
positions regarding the park's
purpose.
Both
sides take a serious
interest in the park and
how it is
managed and
regard
it
as a place where they are
'at home'. Groups
within these spaces considers
their values and rights superior to others and conflict often arises.
Non-violent
means
of gaining power as theorized by Foucault
and
Bourdieu,
employing
knowledge
and
discourse,
are
highly
suggestive
in the study of national parks.
Discourse
of nature
is
strategically significant as
it influences
purpose and policy that drive
government's
decisions
on
how the park will
be
managed - in
this way
discourse
shapes the culture
of
how
we use nature.
Knowledge,
as symbolic capital and as the basis for truth,
sparks
divisiveness - in
particular scientific
knowledge
versus experiential
knowledge.
Changes to the exclusive
North American
model, such as those instituted in the
Caimgorms,
mark the increased
social utility and
inclusive
nature of national parks.
The
challenge remains
for
park managers to reconcile values connected with
nationalism and environmental ethics with values connected with
local livelihoods.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2819
At home in national parks : a study of power, knowledge and discourse in Banff National Park and Cairngorms National Park
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/180112023-06-08T08:40:20Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Bartole, Tomi
author
2017-06-20
This thesis analyses a significant shift in how Awim people in the East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, conceive of, experience and talk about themselves, their relations with one another, and their world. My ethnographic analysis uses Awim categories to reveal processes of transformation and continuity, in particular the transformation of a ritual form and its eventual abolition.
In the Awim world every living being has a 'heart' (manga) – life itself – that metamorphoses from fruit to seed and from seed to fruit, engendering a container. When 'heart' (manga) is made verb (mangananm), the 'work of the heart' is evinced as the continuing constitution anew of a spiral-form. The ‘work of the heart’ is materially effective thoughts that may be found on the spiral boundaries that traverse the body's flesh, coincide with the finger tips, the words of my mother's brother or dwell between two moving hands in a problem-solving ritual called 'the handshake'.
My analysis begins with people's concerns about the precariousness of the world and problematic relations, which were especially dangerous. Attempts to ‘straighten’ relations were made through ‘the handshake’ ritual, in which two persons stand facing each other shaking hands and expressing their regrets. In presenting three case-studies I describe how ‘the handshake rituals’ were rendered efficacious, and also their limits, which materialized once the problems in the village were deemed to be grounded first in witchcraft and later in sorcery. Conscious of the limits of ‘the handshake’ ritual, people resorted to the revival of a local religious movement called The Michael Angel Ministry. After the Ministry solved the village's problems the people were most interested in preserving Michael's otherwise intermittent power through the restructuring of the Ministry. One of the provisions included the abolition of ‘the handshake’ ritual inside the Ministry and with it a significant shift occurred.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18011
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-18011
‘The work of the heart’ : self-transformation amongst the people of Awim, Papua New Guinea
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/108292018-10-05T13:45:23Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Karampampas, Panas
author
2017-06-22
This thesis discusses concepts of cosmopolitism and peripherality in
the Greek and wider European goth scene. The research took place
primarily in Greece but extended to Germany, the United Kingdom and
online as I followed the movement of Athenian goths who were searching
for connectivity, hybridity and their cosmopolitan selves.
In living a hybrid cosmopolitan identity, goths regularly challenge
national stereotypes and transgress international boundaries. But
sometimes the complexities of goth cosmopolitan identity may also
contain unpalatable aspects, such as hard-core Greek or German
nationalism and views that verge on xenophobia or anarchism that are
seemingly at odds with the ‘open’ and ‘egalitarian’ persona put forward by
Athenian goths. It is through performance (particularly dance) that
Athenian goths choose to express their beliefs and desires, blending
aspects of the contemporary goth scene with twists of ‘traditional’ Greek
ideas. Often performance, with all its paradoxes and hybrid
contradictions, says more than words.
Movement is at the centre of goth identity; the movement of ideas
on social media, the physical movement of goths to overseas festivals and
the exchange of opinions among goths at nightclubs in Athens all
contribute to a hybrid cosmopolitan identity of a group of people who
reside both on the geographical periphery of Europe and on the periphery
of their own society. Goth identity is hybrid and complex with layers of
peripherality being channelled toward becoming an ever-developing
cosmopolitan subject. This thesis focuses on the core aspects of the goth
life-project which aim for individuality, connectivity, movement and
inclusivity. Being able to creatively display one’s hybrid cosmopolitanism
is the very essence of what it is to be goth.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10829
Goth
Music scene
Subculture
Greece
Germany
Social media
Cosmopolitanism
Individualism
Athens
Dance
Nationalism
Stereotypes
Hybridity
Movement
Identity
Multisited ethnography
Performativity
Europe
Dancing into darkness : cosmopolitanism and 'peripherality' in the Greek goth scene
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/111042019-04-01T09:29:19Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Siemer, Maria Alexandra
author
2005
This thesis examines political mobilisation into secular groups within Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon. It focuses on context and identity in order to find out why and how Palestinians in the camps mobilise into these groups. The thesis uses a framework that incorporates three levels of analysis: structural; organisational; and individual. An ethnographic methodology is deployed involving interviews and participant observation in refugee camps in Lebanon. The thesis starts by looking at what sort of theoretical framework is necessary in order to understand the three key levels of analysis, including literature focusing on opportunities and constraints; human needs; resources; recruitment; social construction; and identity. The next focus is on context, looking at both the legal issues surrounding refugees - international, regional and local - as well as the historical context. The last three chapters examine the three levels of analysis individually, using them in conjunction with ethnographic research data to find out why and how Palestinians in the
camps mobilise. The conclusion shows that, contrary to what one would imagine from most of the mobilisation literature, the Palestinians in the camps are not mobilising as would be expected. Instead the ethnographic research results found that the political groups within the camps are not as politically and militarily active as would be presumed. Mobilisation into these political groups is happening for different reasons than in previous findings – focusing instead on solidarity and social issues. This change has happened for contextual and financial reasons, including the end of the Civil War and the Palestinian Revolution in Lebanon, as well as a severe lack of resources available to the political groups. The research results found that although there is still mobilisation into the political groups, there was also disillusionment among many youths at the political groups' inability to facilitate their return to Palestine from Lebanon, as well as dismay at what they saw as disunity between the Palestinian political groups.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11104
Mobilisation and identity within the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/69222019-04-01T09:29:19Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Holzhauser, Elizabeth
author
2015-06-25
The paranormal industry in Edinburgh has become a thriving niche within the country’s tourist market. While ghost walks have been explored in anthropology from the perspective of spectacle, this thesis investigates and analyses the cultural framework which has furthered the success of the industry. Namely, the ways in which the paranormal industry have appropriated the beliefs and practices of an overarching ghost culture: a community of believers, investigators, mediums, and all those who actively attempt to engage with the paranormal.
The increased visibility of the paranormal within popular culture has spurred a wide interest in the unknown and unexplained. Ghost hunting television shows and the prevalence of ghost stories has inspired the desire for unique experiences, and for audiences to contextualise the supernatural within their own lives. The paranormal industry has grown to accommodate this intense, active enthusiasm for all things spectral, and belief has become a commodity.
This burgeoning fascination in ghosts has become an important aspect of how Scotland is sold as a destination. While commercial paranormal industries exist in other cities around the world, the historical perception of Scotland as other has created a precedent for the connection between Scottish national identity and the spectral. This thesis further investigates the ways in which the tourist industry continues to solidify the connection between Scottish heritage and the paranormal.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6922
Scotland
Tourism
Liminality
Paranormal
Edinburgh
Heritage
Ritual
Mediumship
Spiritualism
Ghost walks
Paranormal tourism in Edinburgh : storytelling, appropriating ghost culture and presenting an uncanny heritage
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/292082024-02-15T18:35:49Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Manley, Gabriela
author
2022-06-13
Based on fifteen months of ethnographic fieldwork amongst Edinburgh Scottish National Party (SNP) activists, this thesis argues that the future forms a key element of political life and plays a greater role than the past in moving political activists into action. It shows how traditional political anthropological studies reliant on socio-historical analysis provide insufficient insight into emerging political movements. Instead, it proposes a temporal analytical framework that centralises future-oriented temporalities in political anthropological studies. This uncovers the ways in which people are ‘pulled’ rather than ‘pushed’ into action, and in doing so highlights new relationships, affects, and time-maps that would otherwise remain hidden in political action. Drawing from contemporary work of the anthropology of the future (Bryant and Knight 2019a) this thesis analyses the imaginations of the future that drive SNP activists to action, giving shape to Scotland’s potential independent future. It is these imaginations of utopian/dystopian futures that incites SNP activists to believe in, and campaign for, Scottish independence. The future is revealed as a site of intense political contestation that affects and is affected by the present, concrete yet continuously transformed through the everyday affective experiences of activists. In this way, I argue that Scottish independence is best understood as a timescape comprised of both present and future as well as the complex temporal interactions between the two.
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29208
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/747
Futures
Imaginations
Scotland
Time
Temporality
Independence
Utopia
Renewables
Oil
Timescapes of independence : temporality, utopia and living the future in Scotland
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/121802019-04-01T09:29:21Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Kurzwelly, Jonatan
author
2017-12-20
This thesis involves a collaborative study of emic articulations and quotidian ways of ‘being German’ and ‘being Paraguayan’ in Nueva Germania, a rural municipality in Paraguay. An argument is made that the social categories focused upon during this thesis, were evoked according to different contexts. While many claimed that Germanness or Paraguayanness were key categories, essentialistic characteristics that defined them and others as people of a certain kind, in other situations these social divisions were disregarded or even contradicted. This leads me to the theoretical conclusion that social categories, and epistemic frameworks more broadly, should not be understood as universally relevant or as universally applicable, and should not be treated as such. The thesis therefore proposes to assume ‘contextual epistemic permissibility’ as a key axiom for use within anthropology and in the wider social sciences.
The possible theoretical and methodological consequences of such an assumption are elaborated upon. Different theories of self, social action, and agency are debated in the course of this thesis: it is asked which might best analytically accommodate the assumption of contextual epistemic permissibility. Furthermore, in order to reflect the multiplicity of emic epistemic frameworks, the thesis proposes that a notion of ‘analytical and representative complementarity’ be introduced, rather than monistic theoretical models. Such complementarity is practised in the thesis through the use of different multiscalar analyses (for example, the use of different theories of nationalism), and through the simultaneous use of different forms of representation.
The above theoretical divagations are intertwined and related to the individual stories of twelve people from Nueva Germania, and are presented with both textual and photographic means. The stories were created through a collaborative process. Each project participant was free to decide upon the subject of their account, and therefore the resulting stories are able to cover a variety of different themes, at the same time introducing the reader to individual histories, struggles, opinions, plans, and critiques. Some elements of these accounts directly relate to the theoretical debates focused upon within the thesis while other elements of the individual stories are left to speak for themselves, and for the reader to make sense of independently. The photographs and texts, in their intertextual presentation, allow for an embodiment of the argument concerning representational complementarity.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12180
Epistemic multiplicity
Identities
Collaborative methods
Participatory photography
Being German and being Paraguayan in Nueva Germania : arguing for “contextual epistemic permissibility” and “methodological complementarity”
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/35452023-07-19T07:56:29Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Kallianos, Ioannis
author
2012-11-30
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3545
The subversion of everyday life : an anthropological study of radical political practices : the Greek revolt of December 2008
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/69302020-06-19T02:03:00Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Ní Mhórdha, Máire
author
2015-06-25
This thesis explores the social and political relations of an international non-governmental organisation (NGO) based in Senegal. NGOs and international development have been the subject of research from a number of different perspectives, including the politics (and anti-politics) of development, post-development, structural violence and the ‘everyday lives’ of NGO participants and workers (Ferguson 1990; Escobar 1995; Farmer 2004; Bornstein 2005; Hilhorst 2003). The present study builds on this scholarship through an ethnographic exploration of the networks of people involved with Tostan, an American NGO based in Senegal whose developmental objective is to engender social change among rural groups in Senegal (particularly those that practice female genital cutting), using a human rights education framework.
Through identification and scrutiny of the organisation’s macro- and micro-level social relations, I critically examine how ‘development’ operates as a cultural and political process. I focus analytically on conceptions of knowledge and ignorance, particularly the ways in which these constructions are acted upon and utilised by different actors within the organisation. I argue that, as an NGO (and thus a ‘moral actor,’ Guilhot 2005: 6) within the contemporary donor-driven development industry, a key preoccupation for Tostan as an organisation is the management of perception, or a concern for the ‘spectacle of development’ (Allen 2013). Flowing from this argument is the assertion that the activities carried out by actors at every level of the organisation to produce and re-produce particular narratives through strategic knowing and unknowing are as significant (if not more so) as the formal programmatic activities implemented by the organisation ‘on the ground.’
As David Mosse argues, development involves not only social work, but also the conceptual work of ‘enrolment, persuasion, agreement and argument that lies behind the consensus and coherence necessary to sustain authoritative narratives and networks for the continued support of policy’ (Mosse 2005: 34). As I argue here, NGO actors work to (re)produce, project and protect particular narratives, through the strategic exercise of knowledge and ignorance, in order to access or consolidate positions of power within the politics of aid. Drawing on critical theories of development and human rights (e.g. Sachs 1992; Escobar 1991, 1995; Guilhot 2005, inter alia), within a political context succinctly described by Ellen Foley (2010: 9) as ‘the neoliberalization of just about everything,’ I explore how actors across the organisation are linked in a web of cultural and political presuppositions, values, and motivations.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6930
Anthropology of development
NGOs
Female genital cutting (FGC)
Senegal
Knowing best? : an ethnographic exploration of the politics and practices of an international NGO in Senegal
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26182019-04-01T09:29:23Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Mohamed-Salih, El Tigani Mustafa
author
1991
This thesis is about the traditional beliefs and the process of Islamization among
the Zaghawa. It examines Islam as understood and practised by the Zaghawa
society rather than the "universal model" of Islam or Islam as it is supposed to be.
Chapter one is concerned with the 'basic' cosmology, system of belief and objects of
sanctity among the Zaghawa. The Zaghawa gave the names of their ha mandas (sacred
mountains) to their territorial divisions and their newly appointed chiefs in the past
slaughtered a pregnant camel on top of their clans' ha mandas in order to legitimise their
leadership and power.
Chapter two explains how the harsh environmental conditions of Dar Zaghawa
and the lack of security in the past caused many uncertainties and led the Zaghawa to
consult various divinatory techniques to arrive at the hidden knowledge and the hazards
that might lie ahead. The various divinatory techniques practised by the Zaghawa are
also examined in detail in this chapter in addition to various forms of afflictions caused
by supernatural powers and their traditional healing devices.
Chapter three is devoted-to the introduction of Islam into the Zaghawa society.
It shows how the point at which Islam met the Zaghawa at first was such that it
appeared less alien to them, a fact which made it easy for them to accept the new
religion. This chapter furthermore examines the impact of Islam upon cosmology,
system of belief, objects of sanctity, divination, affliction and healing. It also explains
why Islamization brought about the sex division of religion and how the concept of
religious purity and pollution introduced by Islam has been interpreted by the fakis to
justify the discrimination against the mai .
Chapter four describes the Islamic ritual practices, notably the five pillars of
Islam and the ritual practices related to the life cycle, agricultural activities, purification
and reconciliation on the occasion of adultery and manslaughter. The main purpose of
this chapter is to discern how these general Islamic rituals have been influenced by the
particular setting of the Zaghawa environment.
Chapter five discusses and evaluates the effect of formal education, the
establishment of the new Sudanese state and formal peace keeping institutions, the
improvement of communications and medical services and the deterioration of
environmental conditions in Dar Zaghawa in facilitating religious change. The chapter
goes on to explain how the socioeconomic crises and political upheavals in Dar
Zaghawa in the sixties on the one hand and the complicity of the national political
parties with the Zaghawa chiefs on the other anguished the commoners and led many of
them to join the Muslim Brotherhood and the Jamaa Ansar al--Sunna al--Mohamediva
and demand the return to the pristine Islam and the application of the Islamic shari'a
law. It furthermore explains why the religious reformers, though they succeeded in
persuading the Zaghawa to accept the religious changes in some aspects of their lives,
failed to do so in many other aspects, notably the gender relations and the
discrimination against the mai.
The concluding chapter critically assesss and evaluates the existing literature on
conversion to Islam in Africa. The syncretism and the marginalization models, though
important, do not go far enough to explain why the Zaghawa continued to perform
their pre--Islamic rituals even when their belief changed. It suggests Fernandez's
model, which differentiates between the social consensus and cultural consensus, as
particularly useful for deeper analyses of the impact of Islam upon the Zaghawa
society.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2618
Islam, traditional beliefs and ritual practices among the Zaghawa of Sudan
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/25482019-04-01T09:29:23Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Gomes, Shelene
author
2011-11-30
Since the 1950s, men and women, mainly Rastafari from the West Indies, have moved as repatriates to Shashamane, Ethiopia. This is a spiritually and ideologically oriented journey to the promised land of Ethiopia (Africa) and to the land granted by His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I. Although migration across regions of the
global south is less common than migration from the global south to north, this move is even more distinct because it is not primarily motivated by economic concerns.
This thesis - the first in-depth ethnographic study of the repatriate
population - focuses on the conceptual and pragmatic ways in which repatriates and their Ethiopian-born children “rehome” this area of Shashamane that is now called Jamaica Safar (or village in the Amharic
language). There is a simultaneous Rasta identification of themselves as Ethiopians and as His Majesty’s people, which is often contested in legal and civic spheres, with a West Indian social inscription of
Shashamane. These dynamics have emerged from a Rastafari re-invention of personhood that was fostered in West Indian Creole society.
These ideas converge in a central concern with the inalienability of the land grant that is shared by repatriates, their children and Rastafari outside Ethiopia as well. Accordingly, the repatriate
population of Shashamane becomes the centre of international social and economic networks. The children born on this land thus demonstrate the success of their parents’ repatriation. They are the ones who will ensure the Rastafari presence there in perpetuity.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2548
West Indies
Migration
Cosmopolitanism
Identity
Pan-African
The social reproduction of Jamaica Safar in Shashamane, Ethiopia
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/153782023-10-24T08:11:09Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Fleet, Kim
author
1999
The thesis examines the response of Aborigines (Anangu) to the situation of mass tourism at Ulunu (Ayers Rock) in central Australia. When tourists visit Ulunu, the harsh environment brings them into a sudden, often unpleasant, awareness of their own bodies. This corporeal consciousness affects the interest they have in regard to those living there long term (Anangu, Park rangers, and workers in the tourism industry). Consequently, the questions tourists ask about Anangu focus on how they cope with life in this harsh area. To Anangu, though, Ulunu and the surrounding area is a political and ideological landscape. They wish to educate tourists about the meanings the land has for them, using stories from the Tjukurpa (Dreaming) to illustrate how Anangu see their place in the world: as rightful owners and custodians of Ulunu. Unfortunately, tourists have experienced a shift from the familiar, intellectual realm to a physical realm of senses and body processes, and their interest is not in Anangu ideology and politics, but in the maintenance of Anangu bodies. A tension occurs when Anangu force tourists to consider Aboriginal culture through their message of not climbing Ulunu, the intended activity for the majority of tourists. This message articulates the differences between Anangu and tourists, and in recent years it has become more strident, to the extent of altering Tjukurpa stories to illustrate it. Anangu engagement with tourism is used to promote political messages; but the success of this endeavour depends on the tourists' own experience of the landscape. Further, the thesis offers an ethnography and analysis of the lives and communities that constitute various categories of white workers in the area and demonstrates their attitudes both towards each other, and to Anangu and tourists.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15378
"Nganampalampa - definitely all ours" : the contestation and appropriation of Uluru (Ayers Rock) by tourists and aborigines
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/10002019-07-01T10:12:39Zcom_10023_280com_10023_39com_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_281col_10023_122
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Menell, David
author
2003
Indigenous people have employed Western analogue techniques (maps, charts, etc) to
support their land rights ever since their traditional territories came under threat.
Although indigenous groups utilise such tools there is still a significant divide between
the epistemological conception of these analogue techniques and the ontology of the
indigenous people. This research looks at one of the latest technologies to be utilised by
indigenous peoples, that of geomatics technologies. It examines their design and
application using the analytical techniques of anthropology juxtaposed with the
geographical methodologies. Using both the literature and three case studies drawing
from fieldwork conducted in the Peruvian Amazonian I argue that although previous
analogue techniques carried a certain epistemological baggage, they were effectively
neutral and did not impact of the ontology of the indigenous peoples. Geomatics
technologies are not neutral and carry more than just baggage, so they are not so simply
appropriated. Indigenous conceptions of landscape are not compatible with the current
design of geomatics technologies but indigenous federations are increasingly employing
them. The indigenous federation along with non-governmental organisations adopt the
geomatics technologies because of their perceived authority in land rights and their
applications in land management and saving cultural heritage. The State recognises this
authority because the design and output of geomatics conforms to its legal system.
However, indigenous peoples have a different agenda and conception of land rights.
Their agenda is based on revitalising their heritage and land rights derived through self-determination.
This research reveals such issues of power, politics and authenticity
behind its application and the ontological and epistemological philosophy of its design.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1000
The application of geomatic technologies in an indigenous context : Amazonian Indians and indigenous land rights
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/119712019-10-17T16:00:28Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Skrzypek, Emilia E
author
2015-08
Located amid tropical rainforest, in an upper tributary of the Sepik River, the Frieda River area is home to one of the biggest undeveloped gold and copper deposits in the Pacific. Exploration of Frieda’s rich deposits has been ongoing since it began in 1969, bringing together unlikely partners in a process of preparing for a large-scale resource extraction project. This thesis offers an ethnographic account of stakeholder relations as they were unfolding at Frieda over forty years after the first company arrived on the banks of the River. It presents the key stakeholders of the Frieda River Project as outcomes of relations which produced them, emergent from an interplay between prescribed roles and expectations of responsibilities, and on the ground activities of forming and negotiating social relations. Through an ethnographic study of the Payamo it describes a process through which the Frieda River Project’s local stakeholders mobilized a range of complex and contested relations to turn Frieda’s rich deposits into development, and to make the mine at Frieda happen. This study provides an ethnographic insight into complex and contested processes of planning for a resource extraction project as they were actually taking place. It proposes an analytical framework of looking at a mine as a social relation and argues that although it might not yet have the appearance which would make it visible to the company and the government, from the perspective of its indigenous stakeholders the Frieda River Mine is already happening, but it has not yet revealed itself.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11971
Stories of the invisible mine : ethnographic account of stakeholder relations at the Frieda River Project, Papua New Guinea
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/280222023-07-26T02:02:02Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Kawasmi, Manar
author
2023-11-29
Abstract redacted
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28022
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/553
Title redacted
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/113642019-02-21T16:54:46Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Obermuller, LauraJan
author
2016
This thesis explores the likely outcome of implementing REDD+ initiative in two
Amerindian villages in Guyana.
The dissertation is based on eighteen months fieldwork in Wakokoa and Isseruru villages.
The aim is to understand how they conceptualise their landscape amidst global pressure to
reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.
An ethnographic perspective is provided on the villagers’ perception of their land use
practices and inter/intra group relationships. Specifically, I highlight the socio-economic
transformations of the villages; showing how mining has come to replace traditional
farming as their main source of income and the extent to which this contributes to their
‘development’. In Isseruru, I discuss how women’s access to the mines via kinship networks
has allowed them to assert their autonomy in both social and economic spheres and this
serves as an avenue for a transformation of traditional gender ideals. I suggest that forging
ties with spiritual forces in the landscape continues to play a significant role in settling land
disputes and regularising land use practices. I argue that rapid changes in Isseruru are
somewhat in contrast to the situation in Wakokoa which does not have mines on its titled
land but is involved in selective logging.
Local perceptions and practice are in a number of ways at odds with international plans to
transform forest use towards carbon neutrality and, in their current form, do not fit well
under the Guyana/Norway payment for ecosystems service agreement. However, I argue
that when this agreement became part of the nation-state development agenda it failed to
consider the actual importance of the landscape to forest-dependent communities.
By documenting actual forest-use in the villages and its relation to local cultural ideas, the
dissertation contributes to anthropological understandings of Guyanese Amerindians and
their land use practices vis-à-vis the expectation of REDD+ in Guyana.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11364
Guyana
Amerindian
Lokono-Arawak
Akawaios
Rainforest
REDD+
Guyana and its El Dorados : forest resources and the REDD+ initiative from the perspective of Wakokoa and Isseruru
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/292262024-02-15T03:02:15Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Szabunia, Judith
author
2021-12-01
In May 2018, the citizens of Ireland voted to repeal the 8th amendment of the Constitution, thus overturning the ban on abortion that had been in place for over a century. The vote paved the way for a more general debate on the relationship between women, reproductive healthcare and the state, and thereby exposed deeply entrenched struggles over the equation of womanhood with motherhood in the Irish Constitution. These were particularly pressing issues because the government was in the process of writing the first legislation on infertility treatment. This thesis provides insights into an extraordinary moment of transition in the Irish social and legal landscape, ripe with uncertainty, ambiguities and possibilities. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted with staff in infertility clinics and pro-choice campaigners in Dublin between 2017 and 2018, I follow my research participants as they navigated these highly contested ‘reproductive borderlands’, a term I coin to describe the grey areas where boundaries around reproduction were drawn and redrawn. These processes centred around the question of who was recognised as a patient, something that was articulated through discourses on ‘control’ in the clinics and ‘choice’ in the campaign. My research participants presented these terms as clear-cut and unambiguous. The everyday practices in the clinics, however, revealed a more nuanced picture in which choice and control emerged as powerful rhetorical devices that were multifaceted and continuously under strain. In the face of this disjuncture, discourses on trust were a key repository for speaking about infertility and abortion, issues that were shrouded by interrelated layers of silence and stigma. Through an examination of the interface between trust and evidence in the clinics and trust and storytelling in the campaign, I develop the concept of ‘intimate violence’ to reflect on the difficult process of long-established silence being unsettled.
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29226
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/756
The struggle, in utero : choice, control and trust in infertility treatment and abortion rights campaigning in Ireland
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/152602019-04-01T09:29:27Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Adam, Abdel Raouf Mohamed
author
1994
This thesis is concerned with rural development in Ghubeish village communities in En Nahud district, Northern Kordofan, Sudan. The area currently experiences an intervention in its traditional rain-fed agriculture by an NGO and is supposedly an area where rural development is underway. The thesis has to make use of an 'eclectic approach' which, in my view, is theoretically grounded to provide a holistic account of the development process. The 'eclectic approach' is an amlagam of the micro- and macro-approaches to development. Traditional anthropological approaches to development are mostly predicated on the too narrow premises of micro-models (e.g. transactional, actor-oriented etc.), and this renders them ill-equipped to take any account of the macro-level processes (such as local government, agencies etc.), which come directly to bear on the local scene. This, plainly, does not fully grasp the totality of the development enterprise (micro and macro). Despite being viewed as polar opposites, both the micro- and macro-approaches are necessary for the study of rural development at the local level. Rather than detracting from theoretical strength, combining such models in an overall 'eclectic approach' adds to the vigour of the theoretical analysis. Ten villages were selected for the present study, with between 274 and 1957 inhabitants. The population is from the Hamar tribe, which has historically witnessed a long process of transformation from semi-pastoralism to sedentary agriculture, combining subsistence and cash crop production. The basis of agriculture is predominantly traditional, using simple implements in a savannah environment. The majority of the inhabitants are smallholder farmers cultivating less than thirty makhamas (1 makhamas = 1.79 acres), though a significant proportion are large landowners. In addition to household labour hired labour and sharaka (share- cropping) contribute to the overall structure of the farming system. Despite the fact that land remains plentiful, expansion of the area under cultivation was restricted by capital shortage (which gave rise to informal and exploitative credit systems), and the simplicity of the agricultural technique. The intention this thesis is to bring to the foreground the views and perceptions of the people in these villages who are affected by the development project and to compare them with those held by the agency itself. It is shown that some of the respective views square and others diverge, whilst closer communication works to bridge the misunderstanding and misplaced stereotyping held by both sides. The study also shows that the government authority tends to ignore the villagers in their remoteness despite its plans for community development. Evaluation of the project shows that over the limited period of three years (mid-term) of project implementation the agency has partly succeeded in its experiment with institutionalising a low-cost and sustainable credit/extension system appropriate to the needs of smallholder farmers. But, on balance, it had had a limited impact towards reaching its goal of raising, significantly, smallholders' income.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15260
Development agencies and their clients : the case of the En Nahud smallholder agricultural project (ENSAP), Sudan
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/153772019-04-01T09:29:30Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Tanyi-Tang, Anne
author
1994
This study is primarily concerned with notions of identity and conceptions of development in Cameroonian village, city and national theatre performances, as well as audience responses to them. What I call 'Cultural Action Theatre' is different in many respects from Theatre for Development: the latter is dominated by theatre activists, is short-lived and involves enormous cost and organisation; the former is produced by members of a community, is long-lived and less costly. The messages in performances are analysed and given meanings by the audience, whose responses are determined by contemporary political events. These events also affect the nature of theatre performances. Performances suggest that Cameroonians are dissatisfied with the economic and political relationship between Anglophone and Francophone Cameroon and between Cameroon and developed countries. The study reveals that Cultural Action Theatre is used by oppressed people (e.g. women) to convey messages to their superiors (men, chiefs and politicians), and that oppressed groups produce more theatre than privileged groups. Disadvantaged Anglophone theatre practitioners use a direct style to convey practical problems whereas Francophones use a subtle style to express predominantly philosophical issues. This theatre deals with issues of local, regional and national identity and also with political leadership and morality. The choice of a particular language in any given performance is also crucial in engendering different cultural and political identities. This study argues that to mobilise people for action, a play must appeal to their sense of identity and to portray the advantages that would arise from their action. Theatre practitioners at all levels in Cameroon are concerned with different causes of national underdevelopment and hence conceive of the notion and the practice of development from different angles. The main body of the thesis is divided into two parts. The introduction to the thesis briefly describes the geography of Cameroon, the historical influences on the domains of education, society, economy and politics, and on the Anglophone and Francophone zones of Cameroon, and it discusses terminologies and concepts and my methodology. Part one consists of two chapters. Chapter one describes village performances in selected regions in Anglophone and Francophone zones. Chapter two is concerned with city performances in the respective selected zones. Part two, chapter 3-6, concentrates on national performances. Chapter three describes political leaders and development in Anglophone and Francophone National performances. Chapter four focuses on women and their role in national performances. Chapter five examines cultural and political identities in national performances. Chapter six is concerned with morality, ethics and national sentiments in national performances. The conclusion summarises my findings.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15377
Cultured action theatre in selected regions of anglophone and francophone Cameroon
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/78222023-10-31T12:29:41Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Tracey, Jonathan M.
author
2015-11-30
This thesis absorbs and reflects on Choiseul Island responses and caution towards the making of anthropological knowledge. Initial interests that can easily become familiar to anthropology as research topics such as village life, local cosmology and local alternatives to cosmologies of climate and ecology, make way here for another activity of working through Choiseul responses to anthropology. In taking seriously the precautions and the considerations of people in this Solomon Islands locality, anthropology is invited to put a stoppage to practices that it would consider ordinary and part of anthropological knowledge making. This impasse for the discipline is outlined and explored in various chapters, in which usual styles of ethnography and topic-making take formation in respect of a Choiseul world that does not fit easily into encapsulation by anthropology. Effects for the discipline of anthropology are given consideration, within a wider view of imagining how an alternative anthropology in the vernacular can also entail an obviation of anthropology itself in favour of new forms of cultural sensitivity.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7822
Solomon Islands
Anthropology and knowledge
Anthropology in the vernacular : an ethnography of doing knowledge on Choiseul Island, Solomon Islands
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/271642023-03-14T03:02:35Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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O'Brien, Sarah
author
2023-06-12
Based on thirteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in the northern English region of Lancashire, this doctoral research focuses on practices of truth-making and relations of responsibility within a community resisting the development of a controversial hydraulic fracturing project at Preston New Road (PNR). I explore their lived experiences of protest and energy extraction at a time of anthropogenic climate change and intensifying calls for energy transitions. I examine how collective and intimate encounters with a perceived ‘system’ on the frontline lead my interlocutors to ask fundamental questions about the reality in which they live. Through everyday frontline practices, I show how interlocutors collectively establish, connect, and evidence different dimensions of truth as they resist the extraction of hydrocarbons and search for alternative ways to live. People enter, act through, and leave relations of responsibility to bring about a reality in which they want to live. I thus suggest that examining relations of responsibility and truth as a value that is realised through action can help us understand spaces of conflict and confrontation. Through protesting, monitoring, and maintaining a collective presence at PNR, interlocutors ethically and materially attempt to separate themselves from the hydrocarbon extraction. In doing so, they endeavour to create a rightful reality founded on the generative notions of truth, action, and responsibility. My ethnographic analysis therefore proposes that the energy frontline at PNR can be apprehended as an onto-epistemic frontline where matters of truth set the world in motion. I suggest that when scholars recognise truth as a matter of representation, creative transformation, and persuasive imagination, we can better identify and understand conflicts and possibilities for change.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27164
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/340
715146
Energy
Ethics
Truth
Social movements
Climate change
Hydraulic fracturing
Temporality
Protest
Truth, action, and transition on an energy frontline in Lancashire, UK
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/152582018-07-11T13:55:17Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/165762023-12-20T03:02:33Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Bluteau, Joshua Max
author
2018-12-07
This thesis explores high-end and bespoke menswear, tailoring and fashion, asking the question - why do some men choose to spend large sums of money to have clothes made for them? Using tailors and high-end menswear as a lens, this thesis unpacks how men construct their notion of self in the digital and terrestrial worlds through the clothes that they wear and the identities they perform. Based on twelve months’ terrestrial fieldwork in London and twenty-four months’ concurrent digital fieldwork with Instagram, this thesis examines notions of dress, performance and the individual across a multi-dimensional fieldsite set within a blended digital and terrestrial landscape. The fieldwork comprised visiting and interviewing tailors, and observing inside their workshops and at their fashion shows. In addition, the analyst-as-client built relationships with tailors, and constructed a digital self within Instagram through the publication of self-portraits and images of clothing.
This thesis is presented in four chapters, flanked by an Introduction and Conclusion. These chapters move from an exploration of terrestrial research in the first two, to an analysis of digital research in the latter two. Five major motifs emerge in this thesis: the importance of the anthropology of clothing and adornment within western society; the nature of the individual in a digitised world; the difficulty in conducting western-centric fieldwork without an element of digital analysis; a methodological restructuring of digital anthropology; and the idea that a digital self can acquire agency. This thesis employs a pioneering blended methodology which brings together the fields of digital anthropology, visual anthropology and material culture to question how selves are constructed in a rapidly changing and increasingly digitised modernity. In conclusion, the thesis argues that individuals construct multiple digital selves and a sense of identity (around the notion of ‘authentic individualism’) that is illusory.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16576
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-16576
Anthropology
Digital anthropology
Virtual worlds
Visual anthropology
Material culture
Social media
Instagram
Anthropology of clothing and adornment
Anthropology of dress
Anthropology of fashion
Authenticity
Digital networks
Anthropology of the individual
Individuals
Bespoke tailoring
Tailoring
Menswear
Masculinity
Gender
Gender studies
Digital worlds
Self agency
Identity
Notions of self
Selfhood
Fashion
Authenticity, performance and the construction of self : a journey through the terrestrial and digital landscapes of men's tailored dress
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/153752019-04-01T09:29:31Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Mohamed-Salih, El Tigani Mustafa
author
1988
This thesis is concerned with the social organization of the Zaghawa Muslim community in the Northern Darfur province of the Republic of the Sudan. The Zaghawa are internally divided into two distinct groups beri and mai. The former constitute the majority of the Zaghawa society whereas the latter are a minority group of hereditarly and occupationally specialized craftsmen (blacksmiths, hunters, potters, healers and diviners). Although the two groups claim to be adherents of Islam, the beri are of the belief that the mal are pagans and religiously Impure. To avoid being contaminated by the mal, the beri adopt endo-gamous marriages, residential segregation and restricted comnensality. The thesis critically examines the literature on caste and considers the divergent views on whether caste is confined to India or a universal phenomenon which can possibly be encountered in Africa as well. The author maintains that the narrow definition of the term caste as a unique phenomenon confined to India is inappropriate for there exist many societies outside India which share the structural and cultural features of the Indian caste system. Hence he suggests that the term caste should be broadly defined to embrace any society which displays the characteristic features of caste irrespective of its geographical location. Despite the Zaghawa being broadly divided into beri and mai, sociologically more Important Is their categorization into kire bor, miskin and mal. The thesis explains how the Zaghawa society represents a caste-like system and shows how both the marginal kire bor and miskin are able to achieve social mobility whereas It Is impossible for the mal to do so. The study also focuses on the role of the kinship solidarity and village membership in maintaining social security and community welfare, It also examines how the Zaghawa traditionally respond to drought and famine and explains why their traditional institutions of coping with famine failed to save them from the late famine disaster which occured in the African Sahel.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15375
Social stratification among the Zaghawa Muslim community in the Sudan
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/39802019-07-01T10:07:02Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Kao, Philip Y.
author
2013-07-30
This thesis is an ethnographic analysis of a Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC) in the American Midwest. I examine salient aspects of American culture, and how persons in the American Midwest understand relationships and themselves in the context of eldercare, and particularly, how issues of personhood and kinship are conceptualised in a long-term care facility. Rather than focusing exclusively on just the labour of caregivers, or how the residents in the CCRC receive care, my study is grounded in the interaction and relations that obtain during specific regimes of caregiving. Because the exigencies of ageing are met with certain exigencies of care, this study touches upon three dominant themes that make sense of the tensions that emerge when principles and practices do not square up. The first theme deals with how ageing and care are constituted, and made relational to one other. Secondly, I demonstrate that in the CCRC where I conducted fieldwork, ageing is constructed as a process and institutionalised, resulting in a distinctive way in which space and time are dealt with and unravelled from their inextricability. The resulting consequences affect not just the older residents and the CCRC staff, but also impacts how caregiving takes on specific forms and meanings. Thirdly, I investigate how formal (professional) caregivers and care receivers produce a type of social relation, which cannot be understood alone by conventional studies of kinship and economic relations. Ultimately, this thesis sets the frame for future debate on the ontological commitments involved in eldercare, and how the segregation of care and of the elderly in society relate to wider social norms regarding ageing and marginality.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3980
Ageing
Caregiving
Personhood
Kinship
The victims of a sorted life : ageing and caregiving in an American retirement community
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/103142020-02-19T14:36:07Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Roman, Raluca Bianca
author
2017-06-22
Grounded in a theoretical debate between anthropological studies on Roma/Gypsies and anthropological studies of Christianity, the focus of this thesis is on the experience of social and religious life among members of a traditional minority in Finland, the Finnish Kaale/Finnish Roma, a population of approximately 13.000 people living in Finland and Sweden. Over the past decades, the processes of urbanisation and sedentarisation have led to shifts in the ways in which the social lives of Kaale families are lived. A shift towards individualisation is interlinked with the continuous importance placed on family and kin belonging, which come together in a re-assessment of people’s central attachments in the world. At the same time, over the same period of time, a large number of this population have converted to Pentecostal and charismatic movements in the country, leading to subtle changes in the shape of social relations within and outside their own community: between believers and non-believers, between Kaale and non-Kaale. Making use of participant observation, interviews, conversion stories and individual life histories among Finnish Kaale living in the capital city of Helsinki and in Eastern parts of the country, this ethnography provides an insight into the multiple, overlapping and complex ways in which Kaale belonging is understood and into the ways in which Pentecostal religious life takes shape among born-again Kaale. Furthermore, looking specifically at the practice of Evangelism and missionary work, which defines the life of Pentecostal Kaale believers, the role of faith as an enhanced engagement with the world is analysed. A conversation therefore emerges also on the role of Pentecostal belonging in mobilising believers in relation to the world around them and, more specifically, on the way in which Pentecostal faith provides an avenue for a further social engagement and social mobilisation of individual Kaale believers.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10314
Anthropology of Christianity
Pentecostalism
Belonging
Evangelism
Belief
Attachment and detachment
Finland
Roma
Social outreach
Faith-based mobilisation
Family and commitment
Honour and shame
Born-again
Kaale belongings and Evangelical becomings : faith, commitment and social outreach among the Finnish Kaale (Finnish Roma)
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/5092019-07-01T10:05:04Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Kennelly, Estelle M
author
2008-06-25
In this study, an examination of the everyday experiences of the contract migrant Filipina domestic helpers exposes a culture of indifference which pervades the Hong Kong society on all levels--individual, community, and judiciary. At the centre of the abuses inflicted upon the Helpers is the employment contract with extraordinarily restrictive terms which promotes abuse by many employers. This study also looks at the transnational informal social infrastructure which has been organized by the Filipino community to mediate the hostile working environment engendered by the indifference of the global economic and political climate upon their lives.
Faced with the task of implementing new policies for controlling labour migration into Hong Kong, the legislators have focused on the end result and finding the means with which to accomplish their goal. Embedded within this process are unexamined cultural mores and practices. Although the starting point is to benefit the community, by providing domestic helpers to serve the middle and upper class households, too often the abusive consequences to individual migrants are ignored as the women become the means to an end. Migration has often been viewed as an aberration to the notion of the sedentary community. Treated as an anomaly, it is the migrant who problematizes simple theoretical positions of social organization and structure. The migrant is always treated as the one who does not conform to the ideal community and is conveniently merged into existing social categories, such as the lower status of women in Hong Kong, and the lower status of domestic workers -- relegated thereby to the periphery of the society's consciousness.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/509
Global migration and the labour trade
Ramifications of law and social values
Deskilling Filipino women
Reshaping traditional gender roles
Hong Kong and the Philippines
Overseas contract migration
Domestication and feminisation of global migration
Law and society
Culture of indifference : dilemmas of the Filipina domestic helpers in Hong Kong
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/155912019-04-01T09:29:33Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Lane, Karen
author
2018
To understand the complexity of life in a city one needs to consider a spectrum of
experience. Belfast has a history of conflict and division, particularly in relation to the
Troubles, reflected in comprehensive academic studies of how this has affected, and
continues to affect, the citizens. But this is a particular mode of representation, a
vision of life echoed in fictional literature. People’s quotidian lives can and do
transcend the grand narratives of the Troubles that have come to dominate these
discourses. Anthropology has traditionally accorded less epistemological weight to
fleeting and superficial encounters with strangers, but this mode of sociality is a
central feature of life in the city. The modern stranger navigates these relationships
with relative ease. Communicating with others through narrative – personal stories
about our lives – is fundamental to what it is to be human, putting storytelling at the
heart of anthropological study. Engagements with strangers may be brief encounters
or build into acquaintanceship, but these superficial relationships are not trivial. How
we interact with strangers – our public presentation of the self to others through the
personal stories we share – can give glimpses into the private lives of individuals.
Listening to stories of quotidian life in Belfast demonstrates a range of people’s
existential dilemmas and joys that challenges Troubled representations of life in the
city. The complexity, size and anonymity of the city means the anthropologist needs
different ways of reaching people; this thesis is as much about exploring certain
anthropological methodologies as it is about people and a place. Through methods
of walking, performance, human-animal interactions, my body as a research subject,
and using fictional literature as ethnographic data, I interrogate the close
relationship between method, data and analysis, and of knowledge-production and
knowledge-dissemination. I present quotidian narratives of Belfast’s citizens that are
Not-the-Troubles.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15591
Not-the-Troubles : an anthropological analysis of stories of quotidian life in Belfast
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/110622019-11-27T16:58:03Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Pauli, Gisela
author
2000
The thesis aims to provide a first ethnographic description of the Menkü of Central Brazil by focussing on their non-hierarchical gender-complementarity as it realises itself in relationships of production and reproduction. The first part of the thesis comprises of an introduction to the group from a historical point of view by providing a description of the Menkü's historical experiences during this century. This is followed by a description of the settlement, and the social spaces it encompasses. The second part focusses on the creation of real food by firstly elaborating social and physical aspects of material production. Secondly, it explores the
metaphysical aspects of production and reproduction by uncovering the relationships human beings engage in with the world of masters of the elements, animals and ancestors. The third part of the thesis investigates processes underlying the creation of real people by focussing on
Menkü life cycle, kinship and social organisation. A person's life is depicted in the way
it is geared towards the acquisition of gendered skills of production and reproduction, which are fully manifested by the married couple. An outline of the Menkü system of classificatory marriage reveals the stress on the married couple from another point of view. It will be shown that the ideal marriage partners are identified by a conflation of gender and affinity. The last chapter explores the generation of sociality as it reveals itself in happiness, abundance and togetherness. It shows the extent to which a high communal morale is preconditioned upon non-hierarchical gender-relationships.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11062
The creation of real food and real people : gender complementarity among the Menku of Central Brazil
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/143342019-04-01T09:29:37Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Rode, Paulina
author
2004
This is an ethnographic description and investigation of life on a Scottish council estate. It is based on five unemployed one-parent life histories focusing on their experiences, knowledge and emotions in and around a local community centre. The study's expressed focal point is the Gentleman Robber community centre, within the hardtown community in the city of Dundee. The study touches on locally important representations and key issues such as: work, morality, boredom, kinship, spatiality and violence. At the tables in the community centre, the local narrative montage often focused on the enjoyment of violence or the negative marginal stigmatism faced, while, for example, collecting one's social benefits or attending the local doctor. It reflected a dichotomy of Us/Them relations linked to a local fragmentation of identity and issues of deservingness. I found that in a daily emphasis of their own exclusion the Hardtowners often voiced a feeling and embodiment of opposition through local story telling. It is a fragmented and stressful everyday life, with individual skill and network connections deciding individual status in the community. Links and networks last for as long as they are deemed useful and flexibility in trading, cooperation, networking and violence is one of the local guiding lights for success. The ethnographic narrative is described though a fragmented, contextually faithful discourse, with cinematic influences. This imparts a slice of daily experientialism found in the fragmented and stressful lives of the individuals born into and living on benefit in a Western European welfare society.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14334
The Hardtowners : an ethnographic study focused on a group of long-term unemployed one-parent families living within a Dundee council estate
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/17142019-04-01T09:29:38Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Murphy, Richard
author
2005
The central theme or
`red-thread' that I
consider
in this thesis is the concept of risk as it is
perceived
by
and affects the two sides of
the medical encounter
-
in this instance
ethnic
Pakistanis
and
Health Professionals
-
in Britain. Each
side very often perceives risk quite
distinctively,
relating to the balance between the spiritual and temporal realms.
This is
particularly germane
in
matters to do
with possible congenital
defects
within the prenatal
realm
for the ethnic
Pakistani,
and predominantly
Muslim,
side of this encounter.
Thus
one
of the factors
considered
in this thesis is how
senses of
Islam impact
upon the two sides.
By
ethnic
Pakistanis Islam is
seen as central to all
life decisions,
whilst
Health Professionals
view
Islam
with some considerable trepidation, little
understanding
it
or
its
centrality to the
former's decision-making
processes. This is
particularly significant with regard to attitudes
to health
and
health
care.
In the initial
stages of the project
I had thought first
cousin
marriage
(FCM),
seen by
ethnic
Pakistanis
as desirable
and
by Health Professionals
as
putting ethnic
Pakistanis
at-risk to be
central to the argument,
but
concluded that concerns
around
FCM
were a
`red herring',
merely a trope for the tensions between the two sides -
at
once
both British
and at-risk
from
audit culture.
Although
no
longer
central,
FCM
remains a
viable touchstone in
consideration of the two sides' perceptions of genetic risk.
In this thesis
the medical encounter
between
ethnic
Pakistanis
and
Health Professionals is
performed
within the realm of the so called
New Genetics. Here the respective understandings of the
New Genetics
are
informed by the enculturation processes that shape the two sides' world
view.
Furthermore, I
will agree with
Lord Robert Winston's
and others' concern that any
attempt
to eradicate an adaptive genetic mutation,
in this instance, thalassaemia, from the
gene pool
is
not only undesirable
in the short term, but
also that such eradications may
have
an adverse, and
far
reaching, effect on whole population groups
in the future. The
main
thrust of my argument
is that audit culture not only compounds risk
for both
sides,
but
also
perpetuates institutional
racism within the National Health Service (NHS), by
promulgating
what
I have
called the language
myth.
That is to say that much
institutional
racism
is the
unwanted
by-product
of the NHS's
attempts to become
more patient centred and
its
continuing efforts to develop
systems of
best practice.
This
professionalisation process
within
the NHS
can
be
seen to impact
most strongly
in
relation to communication
-
particularly the claimed
language barrier between the two sides.
This `barrier' has worrying
policy
implications for
any meaningful communication
between the two sides, notably
relating to obtaining
informed
consent
from
ethnic
Pakistani
patients
-
with a resultant
increase in
risk
for
the two sides and clear economic consequences for the NHS.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1714
Health professionals and ethnic Pakistanis in Britain : risk, thalassaemia and audit culture
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/104712019-04-01T09:29:40Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Friend, Sara
author
2017-06-22
Orkney is currently home to over 400 wind turbines and a growing marine energy industry, developing cutting edge technology for what could be called a global energy transition. Situated off the north tip of the Scottish mainland, the archipelago is also home to a long-standing local population of just over 21,000 inhabitants. In fact, habitation in these islands stretches back over 5,000 years, a connection expressed by the local population. This thesis rests at the intersection of these two points of interest: energy and locality. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork conducted between October 2013 and October 2014, this thesis analyses the communication of perceptions of renewable energy in the archipelago. It takes into consideration the specificity of one particular network of relations: the individuals employed or otherwise involved in the development and production of this energy while situating the specificity of these perceptions within the larger body of residents. Here, collective history, the importance of place, and maintenance of identity are intimately tied up in the range of perspectives present, as well as within the very promotion of the industry. The relationship between individual perception and collective affirmation, the existence of multiple spheres of realities, the simplification of realities in the communication meaning, and the relationship between nodes of interaction are all analysed. While far from a constantly discussed occurrence, the presence of renewable energy in Orkney has provided residents with a mobilising force, an impetus for discussions of the self, of identity and belonging, of the importance of place, and of the relationship between the past, present and future.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10471
Anthropology of energy
Identity
Myth
Community
Renewable energy
Realities
Orkney
Scotland
Realities of an 'Orkney way' : communicating perceptions of renewable energy in Orkney, Scotland
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29602019-08-26T11:17:42Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Parker, Anthony W.
author
1996
This
volume
is
a study of
the immigration
of
three individual
groups
of
Scottish Highlanders
as
they
ventured
to the
new colony of
Georgia in
British North America between the
years
1735
and
1748. It
examines
the
importance
of
the area of
the Altamaha River in
which
they settled and
the conflicts along
the
southern
frontier
of
British
colonial
America
between the
rival powers of
Great Britain, Spain, France,
and
the Native
American
population.
These
struggles would necessitate
the organised
recruiting efforts made on
the
part of
the Trustees for Establishing the
Colony
of
Georgia in America to bring Highland Scots, in
particular,
to the
province as
their first line
of
defense.
The focus
of
the text is
on
the Scots themselves as
the
changing
conditions
in the Highlands
motivated
them to leave their
native glens of
Scotland to
come
to the
pine
barrens
of
Georgia. The thesis
explores
the
ability of
these immigrants to face the challenges of a new environment
and
the trials
of
the frontier
settlement at
Darien. It is
an account of
how
their cultural
distinctiveness
and
"old
world" experience aptly prepared
them to adapt and to
prosper
in the
new
land
and
to
play a vital role
in
the
survival of colonial
Georgia. The Highlanders
of
Scotland
who settled
at
Darien during the first two decades
of
the
colony's existence
have been
relegated
to the
shadows of
Georgia's
colonial
history for too long
and
this
work
hopes to establish
their importance during this
crucial period.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2960
Scottish Highlanders in colonial Georgia : the recruitment, emigration and settlement at Darien, 1735-1748
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/287612023-11-25T03:02:32Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Medrano, Manuel Antonio
author
2022-06-13
Among the most distinctive documents from the early-colonial Andes are Spanish-language transcriptions of information rendered, in various settings, from khipus—undeciphered knotted string devices that served the function of writing in the Inka Empire (c. 1400–1532 CE). The surviving khipu transcriptions, sometimes also referred to as “paper khipus,” have informed decades of historical research and decipherment projects, which in large part have foregrounded the close study of individual transcriptions. However, how might the conclusions reached from these documents evolve when they are instead studied from a variety of distances and interpretive vantage points—close and far; qualitative and quantitative? Informed by currents in performance theory, semiotics, and the digital humanities, this thesis presents close reading and quantitative aggregation as mutually reinforcing strategies for the study of early colonial khipu transcriptions, employing what Ted Underwood has called a “juxtaposition of scales.” It is argued, by way of three practical case studies, that a multi-scale approach to studying paper khipus enables as much the revelation of new ethnohistoric insights as it does the assessment of previous hypotheses derived from close reading.
Following a historical introduction to khipus and their colonial-era transcriptions, the first case study finds that scribal corrections in a handful of paper khipus may preserve traces of the original “readings” of knotted strings by Andean cord keepers. The second case study zooms out to analyse action verb usage across 10,000 lines of digitized khipu transcriptions, adding new contours to previous narratives of early-colonial economic transformation first proposed by scholars including John Murra and others. Finally, the third case study presents a blueprint for the ambitious task of searching for matches between the surviving transcriptions and individual khipus in existing collections, focusing on a khipu studied by the author in the Museum der Kulturen (Museum of Cultures), Basel, Switzerland. The multi-scale approach is discussed throughout as a tool for ethnohistorians investigating other records of cross-cultural encounter.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28761
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/667
Khipu (quipu)
Colonial Andes
Transcription
Digital humanities
The promise of Andean khipu transcriptions : a multi-scale investigation
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/115992023-04-19T00:38:06Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_121col_10023_880
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Rapport, Nigel Julian
author
2014-09
Rapport , N J 2014 , Voice, History and Vertigo : Doing justice to the dead through imaginative conversation . in C Smart , A James & J Hockey (eds) , The craft of knowledge : Experiences of living with data . Palgrave Macmillan , London , pp. 112-130 . https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137287342_7
9781137287335
9781137287342
9781137287359
PURE: 20043146
PURE UUID: 5e95c3ce-21eb-423d-bc0c-ca1731e020a4
Scopus: 84997724769
WOS: 000345899200008
ORCID: /0000-0003-2803-0212/work/90112017
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11599
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137287342_7
GN Anthropology
Voice, History and Vertigo : Doing justice to the dead through imaginative conversation
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/99492019-04-01T09:29:45Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Reeves, Barry
author
1998
This work is an ethnography about raving. As such, it is based on the
author's actual, inter-subjective and historical experience of that
contemporary international social phenomenon in Britain and in Goa (India)
during the late 1980s and 1990s. It is written from the position of an involved,
participating subject over time. This ethnographic approach and the emphasis
placed upon subjective experience, history and knowledge 'from
within' throughout the work is aimed, critically speaking, at tendencies
within contemporary forms of anthropology which favour academic
introspection, inter-textuality, textual notions concerning social life and overinterpretation.
This commitment to ethnography is also used in the final
section of the work, within a critical-historical appreciation of the discipline,
to argue for a re-statement of Malinowski's radical 'science' of ethnography in
the face of a routinisation of 'science' as a legitimating discourse within the
discipline during the twentieth century.
Furthermore, the ethnographic approach is also set out, in a way which
attempts to make the work relevant not only to practitioners of anthropology,
as a way of producing public knowledge and accounts of social life which are
very different, ethically and politically, from those produced within other
public practices and contexts, such as by the media and government agencies.
Representations and accounts produced by such public agencies are situated
and questioned in the work through attaching them, as loaded products, to
Michel Foucault's political notion of modern 'governmentality ' Within
such a politicised account of representation, the author has used long-established,
humanist notions surrounding the practice of ethnography,
regarding participation and empathy, in order to produce accounts of
raving as a human social practice. These humanised and politicised
accounts of the phenomenon are offered as a contrast to the predominating
public accounts of the practice, produced through distanced and disinterested
discourses, which mainly focus upon its ability to animate certain powerful
social categories and forms of exclusion, such as 'the criminal' and 'the addict',
and socio-political discourses, such as that on 'drugs' and 'the war against
drugs'. This contrast, and the opposition and demand for human tolerance
it expresses, forms part of a wider project within the work which resists dehumanisation;
that is, the treatment of human beings and their practices in
terms of self-serving discourses (monologues) as opposed to the humanising
and politicising effects of experience, interaction and
empathy/understanding (dialogue).
Within this general framework surrounding the politics and ethics
of representation, other areas which are explored are the position/role
of the anthropologist and the use of subjectivity within the
research process, the use of creative writing as a source of
humanised ethnographic knowledge about diverse social worlds, and an
exploration into the possible uses and limits of academic theorisation.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9949
Report to the dancefloor : journeys by experience and writing into raving and anthropology
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/179272021-03-12T15:52:57Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Rosenbaum, Molly
author
2019-06-24
Cuban writers have long struggled for publishing space. Historically that had been because of
repressive control of publishing mechanisms during the colonial period and the time of the Republic,
which, when access was granted, required expensive systems of patronage in order for writers to see
their work in print. While the Revolution advanced literacy rates and took ownership of the
publishing houses, printers, distributors and booksellers, creating cheap books for the pueblo cubano,
trade sanctions and the fall of the U.S.S.R. in 1991 resulted in limited resources for what had been a
well-subsidised publishing system.
The writers I worked with in Havana, though, are a generation newly connected to a global
literary network through internet access, introducing them to market trends and concepts of mass
readership. While they regularly partook in the praxis of writing, through weekly talleres
[workshops], monthly peñas literarias [literary salons] and by publishing digital literary magazines,
their idea of being a writer was being redefined by awareness of publishing systems internationally
and new concepts of economic and cultural value, problematising their self-conception as ‘writer’.
This thesis explores the context of being a writer in Cuba through my interlocutors’
conceptions of economic change, of future, of past, of literary history and of the city of Havana as a
space of creation. In studying how my interlocutors interact with their texts, I question notions of
literary invention and world-making and a sense of relatedness to characters. The writers I worked
with were concerned with reception, with conceptions of audience, cultural value and literary tastes.
This thesis attempts to show what it means to be ‘a writer’ for a group of people who see being a writer
as something they simultaneously are and can never be in Cuba.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17927
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-17927
'Literary spaces without readers' : the paradoxes of being a 'writer' in Havana, Cuba
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/136812023-07-24T14:30:33Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_121col_10023_880
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Lino e Silva, Moises
author
Wardle, Huon
author
2016-12-02
Lino e Silva , M & Wardle , H 2016 , Introduction : testing freedom . in M Lino e Silva & H Wardle (eds) , Freedom in Practice : Governance, Autonomy and Liberty in the Everyday . Routledge Studies in Anthropology , Routledge Taylor & Francis Group , pp. 1-33 .
9781138921122
9781315686554
PURE: 248756062
PURE UUID: aa994668-4d8b-43bd-8bc2-b9c9e04f1be8
Scopus: 85027158948
ORCID: /0000-0002-7179-8289/work/64034055
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13681
https://www.routledge.com/9781138921122
JZ International relations
Introduction : testing freedom
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/48672019-04-01T09:29:47Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Ferrié, Francis
author
2014-06-26
The Leco from North of La Paz were considered to have disappeared by the end of the 20th century; however in 1997, two groups of Leco re-emerged independently from each other, one in Larecaja and one in Apolo. In the former the claim was less violent than in the latter, where Quechua peasants share language, culture and kinship, and refuse to recognize the land rights and the identity of their “Indigenous Leco” neighbours.
The thesis aims to understand ethnohistorically both resurgences, and tries to go beyond essentialism to understand the heterogeneous melting pot from where the Apoleños come.
Apolobamba, because it connects highlands and lowlands, received Andean influences (puquina, aymara and quechua) early on. Its inhabitants, the Chuncho of the Incas then the Spaniards, show hybrid ethnolinguistic and socio-cultural features. The ethnic diversity was reduced in the 18th century Franciscan Missions, where the ethnolinguistic border between an Andean South and the “savages” of the North was drawn at the Tuichi river. The liberal Republican period, with the construction of a national identity, once again shrank regional diversity and increased “Andeanization”. Apolistas and then Apoleños emerged from these interethnic mixes defined more geographically than ethnically.
The Leco revival happens in an auspicious national and international context, but the Leco language was still spoken two or three generations ago on the Mapiri’s banks. It raises the question of social transformation and continuity: are we dealing with a case of acculturation, ethnogenesis, camouflage or resistance?
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4867
Leco
Chuncho
Quechua
Apolobamba
Ethnohistory
Ethnogenesis
Renaissance of the lost Leco : ethnohistory of the Bolivian foothills from Apolobamba to Larecaja
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/203842023-11-20T11:31:02Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Roe, Laura
author
2020-07-27
Drawing on ethnographic research conducted from September 2016 to September 2017 in a county on the east coast of Scotland, this thesis explores heroin and poly-substance use in relation to time, temporality, and memory. The research took place within an array of recovery services and with individual heroin users, largely employing participant observation and interview methodologies. The first seven months of the research were primarily based in services, for the most part consisting of a third sector needle exchange, a community recovery group, and an under 25s drop-in centre. The latter five months were spent accompanying one scattered group of heroin users in their day to day lives.
In the context of substance use patterns specific to post-industrial Scotland, and among the highest drug-death rates in Europe, the thesis traces time as it becomes entangled with addiction and recovery across intimate, social, and institutional domains. It seeks to excavate related experiences of grief, loss, and trauma, as well as affect, intimacy, and pleasure. The thesis explores perceptions and experiences of unending repetition, which were tied to prevailing medical models of addiction and contradictions inherent in predominant constructions of recovery. In spite of their repetitiveness, however, time and broader life trajectories come to be so incoherent and complex that they are immensely difficult to trace, interpret, and express: for both heroin users and for the myriad medical, judicial, and recovery-oriented institutions they interacted with daily. The work overall attempts to give an ethnographic portrait of how heroin addiction and poly-substance use are composed in time, memory, history, and landscape, while examining contemporary approaches to addiction and recovery in Scotland.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20384
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-20384
Anthropology
Addiction
Time
Temporality
Experience
Substance use
Scotland
Echoes of endlessness : time, memory, and experience for heroin users in Scotland
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/10062019-04-01T09:29:49Zcom_10023_280com_10023_39com_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_281col_10023_122
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Pope-Levison, Priscilla
author
1988
This dissertation investigates evangelization in the writings of
ten Roman Catholic and Protestant theologians who were chosen due to
their interaction with the major themes of Liberation Theology and their
interest in evangelization. The six Roman Catholic theologians include
Leonardo Boff, Segundo Gulilea, Gustavo Gutihrrez, Archbishop Oscar
Romero, Juan Luis Segundo, and Jon Sobrino. The four Protestant
theologians include Mortimer Arias, Emilio Castro, Orlando Costas, and
Jose Miguez Bonino. Along with a chapter on each theologian, two separate
chapters are devoted to a comparison of the Roman Catholics as a
group and the Protestants as a group. The concluding chapter collects
the findings and presents a common view of evangelization in Latin
American Liberation Theology. In addition, this thesis is set in its
historical context with studies of evangelization in four Roman Catholic
Documents – Vatican II, Medellin, Evanglii Nuntiandi, and Puebla, and
WCC documents tram the New Delhi Assembly (1961) to the Vancouver
Assembly (1983).
This study demonstrates that evangelization is a central theme of
Latin American Liberation Theology. Both Roman Catholic and Protestant
liberation theologians devote a great deal of attention to this topic
which serves for them as a bridge between theology and praxis. In the
theological realm, evangelization is founded on the concept of the reign
of God. III the arena of praxis, evangelization is centered on proclamation and action.
In addition, evangelization stands as a theme around
which Roman Catholic and Protestant liberation theologians unite; the
similarities between them are significant and numerous.
These theologians present a view of evangelization which has the
potential to alter traditional understandings and existing structures of
evangelization. Their concept of evangelization pioneers new frontiers
as it interacts with liberation, the poor, denunciation, action, collective conversion,
and a comprehensive view of the reign of God.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1006
Evangelization in the writings of Latin American liberation theologians
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/10072019-04-01T09:29:51Zcom_10023_280com_10023_39com_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_281col_10023_122
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McIntosh, G. Stewart
author
1976
My thesis "Quechua Religious Terms in the Departments of
Apurimac and San Martin, Peru" deals with the problem
of changing meaning-loads of Quechua religious terms.
I chose the departments (counties) of Apurimac and
San Martin as representative of a montana (jungle)
and sierra (mountain) Quechua culture respectively.
The purpose of the thesis is to show though the analysis
from a corpus of one hundred and thirty-two terms that
Quechua religious terms still carry much of tine nearing
load they had before the Spanish conquest despite more
than four hundred years of religious and other cultural
pressures. This study also highlights the difficulties
and unresearched areas in the fields of dialectology
and folklore of the Quechua culture, a culture that is
still very much the life of some ten million people
in Latin America today.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1007
Quechua religious terms in the departments of Apurimac and San Martin, Peru
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/141552018-07-24T11:19:43Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Fernandez, Sandra
author
2018-06
This thesis focuses on the work of a social movement based in Cairo that dedicated itself to the addressing and reducing sexual harassment, or taḥarush in the streets. Based on a year and five months of fieldwork, this thesis elaborated upon the genesis of the movement, its ethos, and the methods it deployed to tackle taḥarush. It is argued that the movement deployed methods which encouraged members of Egyptian society to revisit and rework their ethical standpoints with reference to taḥarush, and as such public behaviour. In this way, members of Egyptian society were asked to become more aware of their roles within society itself. Firstly, such methods had to be tested by movement members themselves.
The movement became known for two main activities: raising awareness and patrols. Both methods serve as ways by which the movement reshaped both people and the public spaces they occupied. Spaces are defined by the people who pass through them, and by acting on a given space, people can change how it is perceived. The movement designated itself a safe space, encouraging members to ponder ideas from society with the goal of changing society ‘for the better’.
What my research revealed was that lack of consensus regarding definitions embedded in movement ethos contributed to conflict between members and discontinuity between ethos and its enactment. Government pressures required changes to the structure and internal functioning of the movement, and in addition to the initial ethical project regarding taḥarush, members found themselves learning to embody and perform roles associated with employed positions.
The turmoil experienced both within in and outside of the movement is put back into the context of Egypt post 2011, to tease out the sense of temporality embedded in their struggle to survive the political climate of the time.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14155
Sexual harassment
Egypt
Safe space
Ethics
Patrols
Awareness
Remaking selves and remaking public space : combating sexual harassment in Cairo post 2011
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/160992019-04-01T09:29:55Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Belik, Daniel
author
2018-12-07
This thesis is an ethnographic account of the indigenous history and colonization of the upper Tapajós river in Brazil. Research was conducted using archival materials in which I searched for the different conceptualizations of river movements and routes, of either Indians or colonizers. During the period of penetration in the region called “Mundurucânica”, several native groups living in the savannah and at the riverbanks, started to be used as a labour-force, but above all, they worked as interpreters thereby enabling colonization on these Amazonian rivers around the Tapajós. If, on one hand, native groups were violated by colonization, on the other, they have shaped and influenced the penetration, demonstrating their active involvement in this
historical process. With the arrival of Franciscan priests and the ultimate establishment of the Cururu Mission, exchanges between indigenous people and colonizers became impregnated with mythical fragments. These relations of displacements and encounters between indigenous groups—that in turn influenced colonization efforts—with local cultural values and practices is still a relatively little explored topic in anthropology. This thesis synthesises the history of the colonization of a region of the Brazilian Amazonian rainforest from the point of view of its indigenous inhabitants. It considers the pacification of the Indians in the 18th and 19th
centuries, presenting ethnographic material of the indigenous groups that have moved into the Tapajós region and examines their social logic of interethnic contact. I analyze fragments of material culture, myths and naming such as they appear in the
literature so as to track down the spatial dynamics of indigenous Amazonia and its landscape transformations.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16099
Tapajós river
Indigenous routes
Ethnonyms
Indigenous routes : interfluves and interpreters in the upper Tapajós river (c. 1750 to c. 1950)
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/94782019-07-15T10:41:56Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Reyes Valdez, Jorge Antonio
author
2015
This thesis is an ethnographic account of the different ritual domains of
interaction between the O’dam of Northern Mexico and their gods. For the
O’dam, also known as the Southern Tepehuan, gods, divinities, and different
types of spirits have an ancestral character since they are considered as the
original inhabitants of the world. It is possible to identify three groups of deities
which the O’dam interact with within different ceremonial contexts. Firstly, there
are the native ceremonial centres known as xiotalh patios, where the O’dam
engage with the gods of agriculture, and hunt. Here, children are initiated in
maize-eating, young men are initiated in deer hunting, and the kinship groups
renew their vows with the gods of maize. Secondly, within the context of the
church and the courthouse, the O’dam interact with the Christian deities through
a complex organisation inherited from the Spanish cofradías and cabildos. This
group of deities is associated with European activities such as breeding
livestock, going to school, and participating in local politics. These relationships
between the O’dam and the Christian deities are mainly reproduced by the
participation in church festivals. And thirdly, in the domain of the forest the
O’dam conduct retreats during five weeks in which they interact with deities and
spirits associated with different types of diseases. Since this is the context of
shamanic initiation, it is here that individuals learn how to master the spirits
responsible for inflicting illnesses, emerging from the retreats with stronger
souls which are more resilient to harm. In this work, I approach these three
different domains of interaction between the O’dam and their deities from the
perspective of ceremonial leaders and shamans, as well as from the
perspective of what can be defined as an ‘ordinary person’.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9478
The perpetual return of the ancestors : an ethnographic account of the Southern Tepehuan of Mexico and their deities
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/155482019-04-01T09:29:58Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Ferrier, Kirsty Roisin Cameron
author
2018
This project will add to and build upon the existing anthropological literature on
human-animal relations by challenging how categories such as ‘nature’, ‘culture’,
‘ethics’, ‘domestication’, and ‘kinship’ are deployed in a multispecies ethnography. I
will use the knowledge practices of natural horsemanship in the UK as a lens to
explore them through ideas of domination, the role of exemplars, personhood,
becoming-with, ideas of freedom and control, the role of touch and embodied
learning, mutual emotional responses, and the development of ‘skilled visions’. By
building on the emergent anthropological field of multi-species ethnography through
this ethically charged life-world, I propose to investigate natural horsemanship so that
the outcome is relevant to the anthropological community, but also of interest for
animal behaviourists, welfare experts, biologists, the ‘part-time-practitioners’ who
were my informants, and more broadly, to the general public with an interest in
human-animal relationships. It will hopefully provide new insights on multi-species
ethnographies; expanding the potential of such endeavours by creating new
anthropological theory on areas such as animal welfare, ethical worlding, kin-like
relationships, and how the horse as an agentive subject in these relationships can
affect these outcomes. This knowledge can then engage with branches of biological
and veterinary science and provide detailed knowledge for animal welfare experts. It
will consequently provide critical reflections on present equine training and welfare in
the UK.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15548
Becoming the centaur : developing non-dominant human-horse relationships in Yorkshire
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/94992019-11-27T17:19:33Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Basso, Cristina
author
2015
The island of Barú, located along the Atlantic coast of Colombia, has occupied, since the
colonial era, a geographical and social interstitial position. The island was a strategic space
in key processes and events of colonial and national modernity. Its inhabitants have combined
movement and interaction across geographical spaces and social groups with retreat and
relative closure.
The historical experiences of dislocation and of marginality have shaped local modes of
relatedness and particular ways of signifying and narrating “family”, masculinities and
femininities, the divine and the wondrous.
State and capital’s progressive encroachment over the Island trans-territory has recently
undergone a conspicuous acceleration. Moreover, new religious organizations have
influenced the ways in which people think and talk about identity, local forms of sociality and
religiosity.
“Development” and ethnicity-based identity politics have functioned as identity-,
community- and memory (re-)making devices. Various political and economic actors
currently envision and try to implement projects of “place” which commoditize the island and
aim to reshape local subjectivities and relational modes according to market-oriented values.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9499
Bridging worlds : movement, relatedness and social change in two communities of Cartagena de Indias Bay
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/110602019-04-01T09:29:59Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Rivera Acosta, Juan Manuel
author
2017-06-22
This thesis looks at the people of Nueva Vizcaya’s history of resistance to
incorporation into the state during the colonial age, and how this history is
connected to the contemporary context in the Sierra Tarahumara. To do this, I use
and frame the concepts of community, resistance, violence, ethnogenesis,
territory and history as intertwined in such a way that the Sierra Tarahumara and
its inhabitants cannot be completely disassociated one from another.
By looking at the engagements between colonizers and native people of the
colonial North of the Nueva España –Tarahumara and other native indigenous
people of the Sierra Madre Occidental– in history, and frame the narratives about
these historical encounters, drawing colonial accounts, modern narratives and
other sources, I contest in this work, allows to frame indigenous societies agency
in history.
In addition, this thesis endeavors to engage with the broader discussion about
ethnogenesis, indigenous resistance to colonialism, native community and
ecological conflicts in Nueva Vizcaya and in the Sierra Tarahumara.
Finally, this research wants to make sense of the contemporary conflicts over land
rights that indigenous communities of the Sierra Tarahumara face today, and
connect them with the history of the colonial encounters of the people of the
Nueva Vizcaya. I propose that these encounters, in the colonial time of the
conquest of the Nueva Vizcaya, and in the national period, are largely a
consequence of a colonial process of ethnogenesis that taxonomically indexed
native people in categories related to colonial labor needs and control over the
territory, which I frame as tarahumarizacíon and raramurización.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11060
Ethnogenesis
Resistance
Ethnohistory
Nueva Vizcaya
Raramuri
Tarahumara
Colonial Mexico
Sierra Tarahumara
Leave us alone, we do not want your help. Let us live our lives : indigenous resistance and ethnogenesis in Nueva Vizcaya (colonial Mexico)
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/70312019-04-01T09:30:01Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Cova, Victor
author
2015
How can anthropologists describe the relationship between Christian and Amazonian ontologies? Based on a 13 months-long fieldwork, this ethnography of the
Evangelical mission town of Makuma in lowland Ecuador describes the relationship
between the Shuar and North American missionaries. In Makuma “Christianity”
and “Shuar” both refer to ways of relating particularity to a universal but put different emphases either on the body or on belief, and on relation or on boundaries. I argue that these are constituted by “technologies of introjection of the future”. For
Shuar people, these technologies range from manioc beer to powerful hallucinogens
which serve to anchor a perceived chronic instability of Amazonian bodies. Shuar
Christians avoid using any of these, which complicates their participation in social
life. All the alternatives they have found revolve around the Bible. As another “technology of introjection of the future”, the Bible appears to Makuma Christians as a
text addressed to them personally by a God come from a future beyond the future to
help them live that future in the present. They translate the Bible into the Shuar language and document the world from the Bible’s perspective to stabilise the relationship between God, themselves, and Shuar people. Both “technologies of introjection
of the future” are distinct but can be made to work together. I present various forms
of cooperation between Shuar and missionaries (Bible translation, maintenance of a
hydroelectric powerplant) alongside attempts to articulate a new relationship
between the Shuar, God, and the Church that would bypass the missionaries (Islam,
adventism, or indigenous churches). These are judged by the Shuar for their effects
on kinship. I conclude the thesis with a more abstract definition of “technologies of
incorporation of the future” which enables their articulation with capitalism and colonialism and opens up broader comparative horizons.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7031
Manioc beer and the Word of God : faces of the future in Makuma, Ecuador
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/52172023-04-18T09:44:38Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_121col_10023_880
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Rapport, Nigel Julian
author
2011-10
John Stuart Mill’s liberal vision included a notion of “civil advancement” whereby the free expression of a diversity of opinion would result not only in an initial collision of difference but also in an eventual consolidation as truth. The work of this article is to explore the ways and extents in which such liberalism can translate into a cosmopolitan anthropology. Is toleration of difference the appropriate anthropological ethic, or can one hypothesize a liberal “magnanimous” overcoming of difference? In a wide-ranging discussion, the voice of Mill is juxtaposed against those of C. P. Snow, Ernest Gellner, Stevie Smith, and Karl Popper. Much commentary would suggest that liberalism is passé. A political context dominated by renascent particularisms, militant religions, and resurgent ethnicities spells the collapse, it is told, of any Enlightenment project of liberal-humanist universalism. “Cultures are not options.” Notwithstanding, the argument is made here that as “opinion” grades into “knowledge,” so “culture” grades into “civilization” and local community (polis) into global society (cosmos). Difference may become a step along the way to a recognition of universal human truth.
Rapport , N J 2011 , ' The liberal treatment of difference : an untimely meditation on culture and civilization ' , Current Anthropology , vol. 52 , no. 5 , pp. 687-710 . https://doi.org/10.1086/661927
0011-3204
PURE: 16905697
PURE UUID: 110c2a96-f846-484d-a033-aa00575c661c
Scopus: 80053470973
ORCID: /0000-0003-2803-0212/work/90112051
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5217
https://doi.org/10.1086/661927
http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/661927
GN Anthropology
The liberal treatment of difference : an untimely meditation on culture and civilization
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29642019-04-01T09:30:03Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Singleton, William
author
1998
In this thesis
I
place
detailed descriptions
of
Talang Mamak lives in
an
historically
reconstructed context which
focuses
upon the Talang Mamak's
status as
debt-bondsmen
of the
Sultans
of the
kingdom
of
Inderagiri (1509-1963). Information
about current
Talang Mamak
lives is
presented
in the
form
of
five life-histories,
or
biographies, in
which
both local issues
(development; deforestation; drought;
crime; relationships with wider,
Muslim,
society;
debt-
management;
)
and
local
practices
(leadership,
rice-farming, rubber cultivation and tapping,
cock-fighting, shamanism, marriage, etc) are
described in terms of the
biographical
subjects'
experiences of them. Preceding the
life-histories
and
forming
a context
in
which they can
be
understood,
is
an
historical
reconstruction of
Minangkabau
and
Malay
settlements along the
Inderagiri
river, the establishment of the
kingdom
of
Inderagiri
and
its
relationship with the
Dutch
and the Republic
of
Indonesia. In this
history I
re-describe
both
the well-documented
Minangkabau
and the as-yet undocumented
Talang Mamak, in terms of relationships
between
rulers and their
debt-bondsmen
subjects and show that
forms
of social organisation such as
matrilineal
inheritance, duolocal
residence and
bride-price
were enforced,
by
rulers, upon
their debt-bondsmen
subjects as a means of maintaining and manipulating social
inequalities.
After the five life-histories, by
way of a conclusion,
I
suggest that the
`culture'
of many
isolated,
non-Muslim groups on
both
sides of the Straits
of
Melaka, including Talang Mamak
and
Kubu in Sumatra,
and
Semai
and
Temuan in Malaysia,
can
be best
understood
in terms of
their economic relationships with
Malay
and
Minangkabau
rulers and recent changes to these
ties introduced by
modern nation-states.
Using this perspective I
reject the
label `Proto-
Malay'
which
has been
customarily used to
describe isolated
non-Muslim populations
in
Sumatra,
such as
Talang Mamak,
and
in Malaysia,
such as
Semai, in terms of so-called ethnic
characteristics.
I
propose that what these groups of people
have in
common
is
not an ascribed
ethnicity
but
rather similar
historical
relationships with
Muslim kingdoms
who they served as
debt-bondsmen.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2964
Old ways - new ways : Talang Mamak of Tiga Balai, Inderagiri Hulu, Propinsi Riau, Sumatra
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/285942023-11-01T16:24:51Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Zhang, Xiaoyang
author
2023-11-29
Abstract redacted
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28594
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/644
201606180045
Involuted self : the making of elite students in an honored college in Northwest China
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/154132019-04-01T09:30:05Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Edward, Katherine E.
author
1997
This thesis examines the nature of sexual violence, the trauma experienced by survivors, how report rate for this type of crime can be increased, and how secondary victimisation of survivors can be prevented. Laboratory examination of the attributions made about survivors of sexual violence found that they not only differ from those made about survivors of non-sexual crimes, but also that negative attitudes are strongly related to the gender-role attitudes of the attributor. Empirical research also suggested that providing written information may not be sufficient to alter negative attitudes. Results of a general public crime survey (N=266) suggest that the trauma experienced by survivors of sexual violence is higher than that of survivors of other crime types. Specific examination of the experiences and recovery of survivors of sexual violence (N=42) found that severe assaults, recent victimisation, and assault by a known offender, are related to high levels of symptomatology. Negative self-attributions and perceptions were also found to be related to high levels of symptomatology, and these cognitions were found to be the strongest predictors of recovery. Unlike previous findings with other subject groups, self-blame was not found to be related to increased control. Examination of post-assault factors suggests that the low report rate for sexual crimes may be due to lack of faith in the police and fear of Criminal Justice interactions. In addition, it was found that dissatisfaction with report decision was highly related to levels of symptomatology. A model of how assault factors, survivor cognitions and post-assault interactions may relate to each other and symptomatology is presented. The findings of the survey and laboratory research are discussed in terms of their implications for successful support of survivors, increasing report rate for sexual crimes, the prevention of secondary victimisation, and future psychological research.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15413
Sexual violence : dynamics, aftermath and intervention
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/34552020-03-31T09:02:43Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Yang, Qingqing
author
2013-06
The aim of my PhD project has been to understand how Hutong residents’ ideas about living space have been different from those living in the high-rise compound and how their concept of living space has been changed by both internal and external factors, meaning additional affiliated functions and governmental city-planning.
I conducted my fieldwork in Beijing between July 2009 and September 2012: fourteen months in total, interspersed with trips to St. Andrews. I spent ten months from July 2009 to May 2010 living in a Hutong called Xingfu Street (the word translates as ‘happiness’). Then I moved into a high-rise apartment outside the inner city, called Suojiafen Compound, for a further four months.
This study concerns space in the contemporary city of Beijing: how space is humanly built and transformed, classified and differentiated, and most importantly how space is perceived and experienced.
In the end I have developed the concept “overlapped” space as a way to detect the “personality” of space in both Hutong and high-rise apartment: how they differentiated from each other and how they have been transformed in different way by the residents inside.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3455
Space
Hutong
In and around Beijing with Mr Yang and others : space, modernisation and social interaction
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/155942022-10-04T14:46:07Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Chen, Shuhua
author
2018
Migration is a major feature of contemporary human life, while making home is
ubiquitous. Being away from home creates a space for a migrant to rethink home and to
make a home beyond something fixed, spatial, and material. This thesis concerns home
and home making in the world of movement. It aims to investigate the ways in which
labour migrants make home on their journey away from home, a home through which
they express and fulfil themselves while making sense of the world.
Based on fieldwork in the Chaoshan region in South China, I approach individual
migrants from two practices of migration that have affected the region in the last 150
years: the historical international Nanyang (Southeast Asia) migration (1860s to 1970s)
and the contemporary internal rural-urban migration (1980s to present). Specifically, my
fieldwork includes participant observation through working in a toy factory with migrant
workers and living together with them for a year, as well as some months of archival
research of remittance family letters (qiaopi) in a local archive.
To study these two different strands of Chinese migration is not aimed primarily at
comparing or contrasting them; rather it is an attempt to explore the universal human
capacity to make home in a variety of ways beyond socio-cultural or historical constraint.
I argue that one experiences and makes sense of home in moments of being, while
making home, making self (and vice versa) is a continual process. One is constantly in a
process of self-negotiation, oscillating between identities that are being imposed and self-
recognised, between one’s reality and one’s imagination, between one’s past and one’s
future, and between one’s rootedness and one’s cosmopolitan openness.
I conclude the thesis by proposing five keywords for studying home-in-movement:
homeawayness, moments of being, interiority, cosmopolitan imagination, and walking
knowledge.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15594
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-15594
'Homeawayness' : experiencing moments of home among Chinese labour migrants
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/139582019-04-01T09:30:17Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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MacLullich, Christopher
author
2004
My broadest aim in this thesis is to explore some of the central ethical concerns of social anthropologists vis-a-vis the phenomena of development. In particular, what I want to bring out and examine is the dynamics of the 'moral experience' and 'moral force' of anthropologists in this area. I go about this by considering the historical unfolding of the anthropological conceptual and evaluative apprehension of planned social and economic change. On this basis, I also consider the nature of the critiques and contributions that social anthropology has generated. I also make an attempt to review the major conceptual moral controversies and agendas that are intrinsic to development from an anthropological perspective. Whilst the concepts and values that emanate from social anthropology are multi-faceted and many stranded, I believe that the anthropological standpoint is both distinctive and potentially counter hegemonic. I look specifically at the moral resources that can be unearthed from the emerging field of 'development ethics' which is largely articulated in terms of the maxims that are fundamental to Western moral and political traditions. I attempt to set out the terrain of the ethical deliberation of anthropologists involved in development in terms of some of the moral difficulties of Western society. I argue that Western moral reasoning, as a result of deep disagreements about the sources of value human life and society, tends to rely upon procedural, instrumental and coercive ethical frameworks. On this basis, one of my assertions is that communitarian arguments, whilst also being needed as a healthy antidote to the excesses of liberal individualism, also constitute a reflection of the aspirations of people(s), many of whom are beleaguered by the alienation, atomism and instrumentalism of modern society. The communitarian perspective also underpins a political commitment to supporting those besieged indigenous communities that struggle to defend their integrity in the face of the aggressive intrusions of the market mentality. This may involve supporting the maintenance of 'traditional' versions of moral reasoning, well being, and sociality (such as indigenous life-worlds), collective rights in the face of the fragmentary and individuating neo-liberal development policies, and to support the 'construction of new associative networks such as 'new social movements' that represent the aspirations, and embody the values, of marginalised and disempowered social groups.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13958
The moral (im)possibilities of being an applied anthropologist in development : an exploration of the moral and ethical issues that arise in theory and practice
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/106062020-02-20T12:02:58Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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James, Ian
author
2003
In this thesis I investigate the narrative rendering of urban experiences and the place of
agency within these renderings, looking in particular at the personal stories of urban
dwellers. Grounded in anthropological fieldwork in Britain - in the town of Romford
(Essex) to the east of London - but also relying on written sources on British social
realities, this thesis challenges the idea and practice of a traditional place-based
ethnography, calling in turn for an anthropological appreciation of the individual writing
of human experience. This I define as the considered ordering of the forms in terms of
which individuals experience their lives. I recognise that such ‘writing’, conceived as a
cognitive pursuit, is possible within speech and not, as some may have it, the exclusive
preserve of literary culture. In allowing that individuals may exercise authorship over
their lives in this way, I find it is possible, as well as potentially illuminating, to compare
individuals’ writings, their personal accounts of their lives, with other genres for writing
the reality of urban and peri-urban milieux in Britain. I hear significant correspondences
between each story-genre, especially as regards the impacts of town planning on urban
space for the populations that inhabit it, and discuss the possible theoretical implications
of this correspondence. I focus extensively on two such genres in addition to personal
stories: the sociological - examining Michael Young and Peter Willmott’s sociological
classic text ‘Family and Kinship in East London’ - and the literary - a reading of the work
of English poet and journalist John Betjeman. Running through the thesis is also an
appreciation of the figure of the amateur, both as a real actor and as a metaphor for the
postmodernist approach to culture to which I also subscribe.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10606
Re-making urban space : writing social realities in the British city
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/113672023-05-29T14:54:34Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Hukula, Fiona Sonia Karejo
author
2015
This thesis is about urban sociality in the context of an urban settlement in
Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. I explore issues of urban life through
everyday stories of settlers who reside in a settlement (also known as a blok) at
Nine Mile, Port Moresby. I present settlers’ ideas of work and money through
their income generating efforts as well as their perception about giving. This
thesis explores settlement notions of the forms that relatedness takes through
everyday interactions of eating together, sharing and thinking of one another.
These actions in turn inform ideas of personhood and gender. I use blok ideas
to rethink assumptions about the meaning of land and place in an urban
setting. Furthermore I seek to use blok understandings of kinship,
personhood and gender to portray an urban sociality that is entwined in
relations.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11367
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-11367
Blok laif : an ethnography of a Mosbi settlement
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/10102019-04-01T09:30:41Zcom_10023_280com_10023_39com_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_281col_10023_122
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Londoño Sulkin, Carlos David
author
2000
In this monograph I interpret a wide-ranging native theory of sociality of
the Muinane, an indigenous group of the Colombian Amazon. This theory
simultaneously addresses their livelihood activities, some aspects of their
phenomenological experience, their bodily form, their group identity, and their
views on the achievement of a uniquely human, morally sociable way of life.
The Muinane understand their thoughts/emotions as well as their bodies to be
material in origin and character. Proper bodies and thoughts/emotions are
made out of ritual substances and foodstuffs, which have divine subjectivities
and agencies of their own, and which ‘sound’ through people, establishing
people's subjectivities and agencies. Such subjectivities and agencies lead to
the communal achievement of `coolness', the state of convivial sociability,
tranquility, abundance and generalised good health that constitutes ideal
community life. Because they share substances, kin are also understood to
share bodily features and thoughts/emotions. Their consubstantiality leads to
mutual love and to an intersubjectivity that enables them to live well together,
without unseemly contestations or differences in ultimate moral purposes.
However, the material character of bodies and thoughts/emotions is
also a source of danger. Animals and other evil beings can sabotage proper
community life by replacing people's moral substances with their own false
ones, causing people to experience mad, envious, angry and even sorcerous
thoughts/emotions, and to suffer from weakening or lethal bodily diseases.
It is the moral obligation and inclination of properly constituted human
beings to make new human beings, by intentionally forging their bodies, their
thoughts/emotions and their ‘baskets of knowledge.’ They must do this by
transforming evil substances into proper substances, through work and
through everyday or sporadic rituals.
The matters addressed in this monograph -native theories of sociality,
of self, of livelihood and so on- are of central pertinence to ongoing
discussions in Amazonianist anthropology.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1010
The making of real people : an interpretation of a morality-centred theory of sociality, livelihood and selfhood among the Muinane (Colombian Amazon)
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/8722019-04-01T09:30:42Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Kranz, Daniela
author
2009
This PhD thesis focuses on the creation and maintenance of the liberal Jewish
community in present day Cologne, Germany. The community has the telling name
Gescher LaMassoret, which translates into „Bridge to Tradition.‟ The name gives away
that this specific community, its individual members and its struggles cannot be
understood without the socio-historic context of Germany and the Holocaust. Although
this Jewish community is not a community of Holocaust survivors, the dichotomy
Jewish-German takes various shapes within the community and surfaces in the
narratives of the individual members. These narratives reflect the uniqueness of each
individual in the community. While this is a truism, this individual uniqueness is a key
element in Gescher LaMassoret, whose membership consists of people from various
countries who have various native languages. Furthermore, the community comprises
members of Jewish descent as well as Jews of conversion who are of German, non-
Jewish parentage. Due to the aftermaths of the Holocaust and the fact that Gescher LaMassoret houses a vast internal diversity, the creation of this community which lacks
any tradition happens through mixing and meshing the life-stories and other narratives
of the members, which flow into the collective narrative of the community. On the
surface, the narratives of the individual members seem in conflict, they even contradict
each other, which means that the narrative of the community is in constant tension.
However, under the dissimilarities on the surface of the individual narratives hide
similarities in terms of shared values and attitudes, which allow for enough overlaps to
create a community by way of braiding a collective narrative, which offers the
members to experience a 'felt ethnicity.'
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/872
Shades of Jewishness : the creation and maintenance of a liberal Jewish community in post-Shoah Germany
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/118302017-12-05T09:58:37Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Shafafi, Pardis
author
2015-05
In
1979,
the
socio-political
landscape
of
Iran
was
transformed
beyond
recognition.
After
years
of
conflict
between
the
Shah
and
a
myriad
of
political
opposition
groups,
it
seemed
that
the
people
had
indeed
triumphed
over
an
authoritarian
monarch.
As
is
now
widely
known,
their
short
lived
victory
transformed
into
a
systematic
programme
of
terror
that
turned
back
on
and
attacked
those
that
the
Islamic
Republic
deemed
contrary
to
its
values.
The
‘bloody
decade’
of
the
1980s
saw
thousands
of
executions
and
disappearances
under
the
cloak
of
the
war
with
neighbouring
Iraq.
The
records
of
these
massacres
are
still
largely
unreliable
and/or
incomplete.
The
programme
of
terror
in
question,
that
ensued
and
persists
up
to
the
present
day,
has
instigated
a
sprawling
transnational
Diaspora
with
a
familiar
but
rarely
divulged
public
secret.
My
doctoral
thesis
comprises
two
main
parts
in
relation
to
these
events.
They
are
connected
by
the
running
theme
of
alternative
narratives
of
past
violence,
and
a
post-traumatic
political
activism.
This
is
an
intimate
ethnography
that
examines
global
processes
(revolution,
Diaspora,
transnational
activism)
from
the
vantage
point
of
local
and
particular
histories
of
Lur,
former
Fadaiyan
guerilla
fighters
in
Oslo.
In
the
second
part
of
this
work,
these
histories
are
located
within
the
collective
movement
of
the
Iran
Tribunal,
a
literal
attempt
to
make
secrets
public
and
to
bring
together
subjective
experiences
of
violence
into
a
truth-‐telling
process.
Opening
up
a
new
space
for
critical
reflection,
this
study
proposes
an
alternative
lens
of
analysis
of
tumultuous
historical
processes.
With
regards
to
their
actors,
efforts
are
made
to
better
understand
how
lives
and
narratives
are
ordered
around
the
characteristic
disorder
of
violence,
fear
and
Diaspora
itself,
and
how
subjective
traumas
manifest
into
collective,
and
in
this
case
transnational,
movements.
My
ethnography
of
disordered
and
interrupted
lives
works
to
inform
studies
of
such
critical
contemporary
realities
as
well
as
to
ethnographically
introduce
the
Iranian
Diasporas’
public
secret
of
violence
for
wider
anthropological
enquiry,
and
to
contribute
towards
its
critical
analysis.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11830
Iran
Revolution
Politics
Violence
Trauma
Narrative
Secretly familiar : public secrets of a post traumatic diaspora
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/155362019-04-01T09:30:43Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Cummings, Peter Lionel Vickery
author
1980
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15536
'Mesa' and carnival : a word and an event which illustrate aspects of the Quechua view of the world and man's position in it, based upon fieldwork in the Cochabamba Valley, Bolivia
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/30952019-04-01T09:30:48Zcom_10023_280com_10023_39com_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_281col_10023_122
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Lino e Silva, Moises
author
2012-05-15
This thesis dwells on the existence of freedom in the life of people in a Brazilian favela (shantytown). The ethnography presents the dance of freedom with the full intensity of a carnivalesque. The exploration also ponders the existence of metafreedom (proposed as the freedom necessary for the expression of freedom) as a form of control over iterations of freedom. At the same time that it argues for a radical carnivalization of narratives of freedom, it flirts with the very limits of freedom as a concept and as a practice. One of the main contributions is in avoiding a reductive analysis of the concept of freedom, narrowing it to a simpler or alternative notion. Instead, the project presents the complex relations of five experienced objects – livre; livre-arbítrio; libertação; liberada and liberdade – to one another and to the life situations in which they come to existence in Favela da Rocinha in Rio de Janeiro. In methodological terms, the research argues that one of the ways to approach the topic of freedom from an ethnographic perspective is through the occurrences of linguistic expressions of freedom as objects that can be empirically experienced and registered by the ethnographer. It is mainly by making the complexities of freedom visible ethnographically, by tracing freedoms in their daily existence and by connecting these different kinds of freedom to diverse lived experiences and social contexts that the thesis advances the debate on freedom. The discussion of a carnivalesque of freedom in a Brazilian favela is also a call for a reflection on what ethnography as an empirical method, and anthropology more broadly, can offer to the understanding of freedom.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3095
Freedom
Favela
Metafreedom? The carnivalesque of freedom in a Brazilian favela
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/149152019-04-01T09:30:49Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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Fait, Stefano
author
2004
How do we systematise our knowledge without undermining mores and beliefs that have thus far guided our conduct? How do we account for free will in a cosmos made of molecules and universal laws? Is a metaphysical rebellion against the absurdity of a universe devoid of ethical significance unavoidable? Is this rebellion inevitably leading to the organization of the world in exclusively human terms? These are the problems that have been tackled among others by Dostoevskij, Kafka, Dickens, and Camus, thinkers who framed questions of paramount importance without finding persuasive answers (Davison 1997; Dodd 1992; Lary 1973). These are the same problems that many bio-scientists have grappled with in the past and I analyze the solutions they have identified. This work of mine could be seen as a follow-up to the qualitative survey carried out by Kerr, Cunningham-Burley, and Amos in 1998 among British scientists and clinicians with a well-established reputation. That investigation looked into the way the latter distance themselves from the dark shadow of eugenics and revealed that die equation of old eugenics and new genetics is deemed irrational because; scientific knowledge has grown by leaps and bounds ever since o the socio-political circumstances are radically different as coercion is unthinkable and the final decision rests with the individual who is protected by the principle of informed choice; o the aims of eugenics simply cannot be technically met; o the new genetics involves therapeutic aims as opposed to eugenics that concentrated on the alteration of the human gene pool; o the application of science is not necessarily one of scientists' main concerns; My contention is that these objections are too facile and unpersuasive. I submit that there is an obvious connection between how the existential and humanistic side of science failed to prove humanitarian, namely benevolent, compassionate and ultimately useful - the good -, the effort by several academicians to ground ethics on scientific evidence - the true -, And our incapacity to confront abnormality - the beautiful. This connection is eugenics. Eugenics is the scientific response to modern existential angst and social predicaments and is here to stay.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14915
The true, the good, and the beautiful : the dark side of humanist science ; a study in the anthropology of science and social history
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/97472023-04-18T09:55:59Zcom_10023_30com_10023_120com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_861col_10023_121col_10023_880
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Rapport, Nigel Julian
author
Stade, Ronald
author
2014-11
What follows is a set of paired articles, followed by a statement by both authors where they debate their distinct positions. Both articles treat irony, but while Rapport looks to it as a possible liberal virtue, a means of dealing with radical difference in a modern democracy, including the illiberal, Stade approaches irony from an ontological position that considers social relationships and cultural contingencies to be but one facet of human existence and irony and alienation to have an existential depth, the study of which can facilitate a rapprochement between sociocultural and philosophical anthropology. The paired articles are pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, perhaps: irony as world-mocking as well as world-tolerant.
Rapport , N J & Stade , R 2014 , ' Debating irony and the ironic as a social phenomenon and a human capacity ' , Social Anthropology , vol. 22 , no. 4 , pp. 443-478 . https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12089
0964-0282
PURE: 160048785
PURE UUID: d16c3581-6c57-4c9a-af1d-60afacdeb661
Scopus: 84911876751
ORCID: /0000-0003-2803-0212/work/90112047
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9747
https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12089
GN Anthropology
Debating irony and the ironic as a social phenomenon and a human capacity
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/88252023-04-25T11:24:48Zcom_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_122
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De Souza Santos, Andreza Aruska
author
2016-06-23
This thesis discusses the promises and pitfalls of city preservation in Ouro Preto, a Brazilian city preserved nationally and hailed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Using interviews, archival material, ethnographic observations, and the analysis of public meetings on city preservation in Ouro Preto in 2013, I study how the city’s legacy as a national treasure of monumental architecture has endured until now, despite different coexisting standards of living, perceptions and uses of the city, and views of the past. In Ouro Preto, while fluctuating populations of tourists and students live mainly in the historic city centre, permanent residents often build their homes in underprivileged and marginalised areas and benefit little from their cultural heritage. Spatial exclusion and preservation policies, allegedly favouring outsiders, boost the divide between residents and newcomers, echoing the colonial past of the city. Disputes around the preservation of the cityscape invited widespread participation. One expectation of increased grassroots participation in cultural heritage sites is that it could expose varied and fluid perspectives of the city, and consequently allow for corresponding, more inclusive uses. However, when looking at local participatory practices in heritage policies, I consider the challenge for grassroots meetings to include different citizens and viewpoints, when the ability to disagree in public debates and participation are restricted by socio-economic conditions. The ethnographic character of this research offers a platform to investigate anthropological questions regarding the role, limits and expectations around cultural heritage and participatory practices in a context of varied socio-economic levels and fluid perceptions of aesthetics, history, and everyday uses of public spaces in a fragmented city.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8825
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-8825
Urban ethnography
Cultural heritage
Ouro Preto
Brazil
City history
Community city planning
Perceiving and participating in cultural heritage : an ethnography about the process of preservation of Ouro Preto, Brazil
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