2024-03-28T14:01:57Zhttps://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/oai/requestoai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/111942022-04-06T15:32:03Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2017-07-12T23:34:15Z
urn:hdl:10023/11194
An analysis of pilot whale vocalization activity using hidden Markov models
Popov, Valentin Mina
Langrock, Roland
De Ruiter, Stacy Lynn
Visser, Fleur
Office of Naval Research
University of St Andrews. Statistics
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
GC Oceanography
QH301 Biology
QA Mathematics
QL Zoology
NDAS
Vocalizations of cetaceans form a key component of their social interactions. Such vocalization activity is driven by the behavioral states of the whales, which are not directly observable, so that latent-state models are natural candidates for modeling empirical data on vocalizations. In this paper, we use hidden Markov models to analyze calling activity of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) recorded over three years in the Vestfjord basin off Lofoten, Norway. Baseline models are used to motivate the use of three states, while more complex models are fit to study the influence of covariates on the state-switching dynamics. Our analysis demonstrates the potential usefulness of hidden Markov models in concisely yet accurately describing the stochastic patterns found in animal communication data, thereby providing a framework for drawing meaningful biological inference.
2017-07-12T23:34:15Z
2017-07-12T23:34:15Z
2017-01
2017-07-12
Journal article
Popov , V M , Langrock , R , De Ruiter , S L & Visser , F 2017 , ' An analysis of pilot whale vocalization activity using hidden Markov models ' , Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol. 141 , no. 1 , pp. 159-171 . https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4973624
0001-4966
PURE: 248904926
PURE UUID: 33319143-75fc-4fb8-be55-5b2c0951aaf5
Scopus: 85009446520
WOS: 000395308700030
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11194
https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4973624
N00014-12-1-0204
eng
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
© 2017, Acoustical Society of America. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at asa.scitation.org / https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4973624
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/270262023-04-08T01:30:04Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2023-02-21T17:30:05Z
urn:hdl:10023/27026
Chiral and catalytic effects of site-specific molecular adsorption
Borca, Bogdana
Michnowicz, Tomasz
Aguilar-Galindo, Fernando
Pétuya, Rémi
Pristl, Marcel
Schendel, Verena
Pentegov, Ivan
Kraft, Ulrike
Klauk, Hagen
Wahl, Peter
Arnau, Andrés
Schlickum, Uta
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. Centre for Designer Quantum Materials
University of St Andrews. Condensed Matter Physics
QD Chemistry
NDAS
MCC
Funding: Open access funded by Max Planck Society. The authors acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy-EXC-2123 Quantum Frontiers - 390837967; Core program PC2-PN23080202 and the PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2021-0378 (contract no. 575PED/2022) granted projects, financed by the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization/UEFISCDI; and the generous allocation of computer time at the computing center of Donostia International Physics Center and at the Red Española de Supercomputación (project QHS-2021-2-0019). A.A. acknowledges support from Project No. PID2019-103910GB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa, and Project No. IT-1527-22 funded by the Basque Government.
The changes of properties and preferential interactions based on subtle energetic differences are important characteristics of organic molecules, particularly for their functionalities in biological systems. Only slightly energetically favored interactions are important for the molecular adsorption and bonding to surfaces, which define their properties for further technological applications. Here, prochiral tetracenothiophene molecules are adsorbed on the Cu(111) surface. The chiral adsorption configurations are determined by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy studies and confirmed by first-principles calculations. Remarkably, the selection of the adsorption sites by chemically different moieties of the molecules is dictated by the arrangement of the atoms in the first and second surface layers. Furthermore, we have investigated the thermal effects on the direct desulfurization reaction that occurs under the catalytic activity of the Cu substrate. This reaction leads to a product that is covalently bound to the surface in chiral configurations.
2023-02-21T17:30:05Z
2023-02-21T17:30:05Z
2023-03-02
Journal article
Borca , B , Michnowicz , T , Aguilar-Galindo , F , Pétuya , R , Pristl , M , Schendel , V , Pentegov , I , Kraft , U , Klauk , H , Wahl , P , Arnau , A & Schlickum , U 2023 , ' Chiral and catalytic effects of site-specific molecular adsorption ' , The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters , vol. 14 , no. 8 , pp. 2072-2077 . https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03575
1948-7185
PURE: 283410195
PURE UUID: 1b558622-9594-4e4b-82d9-66471d916157
RIS: urn:2CD0D22B143AB340EF7E4ADDBA19D49E
ORCID: /0000-0002-8635-1519/work/129147236
Scopus: 85148670176
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27026
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03575
eng
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/133482023-04-18T23:43:51Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2018-05-16T11:30:06Z
urn:hdl:10023/13348
Taking the long view
Boyd, Ian Lamont
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
JF Political institutions (General)
Q Science
2018-05-16T11:30:06Z
2018-05-16T11:30:06Z
2016-12-20
Journal item
Boyd , I L 2016 , ' Taking the long view ' , Nature , vol. 540 , no. 7634 , pp. 520-521 . https://doi.org/10.1038/540520a
0028-0836
PURE: 252042197
PURE UUID: 95775627-7f00-4931-b122-8c9fd8a42d3b
Scopus: 85018780745
WOS: 000391190500030
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13348
https://doi.org/10.1038/540520a
eng
Nature
Copyright © 2016, the Author. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/540520a
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/274502023-04-25T13:30:24Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2023-04-21T08:30:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/27450
From colonialism to communism : the Christian Church’s response to Hong Kong’s 1997 handover
Chu, Ann Gillian
University of St Andrews. School of Divinity
Theological ethics
Political theology
Public theology
World Christianity
Post-colonial studies
Hong Kong studies
1997 handover
BR Christianity
T-NDAS
NIS
MCC
This paper explores the case study of how Christianity has shaped the ethical outlooks of Hong Kong around the 1997 handover. It addresses the question of the role of theology and ethics in the public sphere, especially how Christianity informs political realities in Hong Kong. The Christian Church’s varied response raises the question of how the Church in Hong Kong can improve its approach to socio-political issues and interactions with the post-colonial Hong Kong government. This paper argues for Hong Kong theologians to develop a theology that is most suitable for the Hong Kong context because its decolonisation process is unique compared to other former colonies. The effects of Hong Kong’s colonisation and subsequent decolonisation on the Christian Church and society at large are discussed, followed by an analysis of the Church’s attempts to react to the handover, pointing out several different approaches, such as migrating to the Western world, perceiving China as a mission field, and participating in social demonstrations. This paper acknowledges the heavy borrowing of foreign theology, and the pragmatism of the Hong Kong people, which leads to a lack of systematic teaching on how Christians should interact with socio-political issues. There is a need for the Church to take a more critical role in society, which requires collaboration with local theologians to shape a theological view that is suitable for Hong Kong Christians and society. Processing politics through the Christian ethical outlook allows for a dialogue with the government for the Christian Church to perform its prophetic role in society.
2023-04-21T08:30:02Z
2023-04-21T08:30:02Z
2021-11-04
Journal article
Chu , A G 2021 , ' From colonialism to communism : the Christian Church’s response to Hong Kong’s 1997 handover ' , Journal of the Oxford Graduate Theological Society , vol. 2 , no. 2 , 10 , pp. 88-101 . < https://jogts.org/index.php/jogts/article/view/31 >
PURE: 284331964
PURE UUID: 7562e3c1-28aa-4519-8fb0-53d290c4c8d5
ORCID: /0000-0002-2043-715X/work/92020220
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27450
https://jogts.org/index.php/jogts/article/view/31
eng
Journal of the Oxford Graduate Theological Society
Copyright © 2021 The Author. Open Access. JOGTS is published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/44252024-02-15T00:41:39Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2014-01-31T10:01:03Z
urn:hdl:10023/4425
Looking forward through the past : identification of 50 priority research questions in palaeoecology
Seddon, Alistair W. R.
Mackay, Anson W.
Baker, Ambroise G.
Birks, H. John B.
Breman, Elinor
Buck, Caitlin E.
Ellis, Erle C.
Froyd, Cynthia A.
Gill, Jacquelyn L.
Gillson, Lindsey
Johnson, Edward A.
Jones, Vivienne J.
Juggins, Stephen
Macias-Fauria, Marc
Mills, Keely
Morris, Jesse L.
Nogues-Bravo, David
Punyasena, Surangi W.
Roland, Thomas P.
Tanentzap, Andrew J.
Willis, Kathy J.
Aberhan, Martin
van Asperen, Eline N.
Austin, William E. N.
Battarbee, Rick W.
Bhagwat, Shonil
Belanger, Christina L.
Bennett, Keith David
Birks, Hilary H.
Ramsey, Christopher Bronk
Brooks, Stephen J.
de Bruyn, Mark
Butler, Paul G.
Chambers, Frank M.
Clarke, Stewart J.
Davies, Althea L.
Dearing, John A.
Ezard, Thomas H. G.
Feurdean, Angelica
Flower, Roger J.
Gell, Peter
Hausmann, Sonja
Hogan, Erika J.
Hopkins, Melanie J.
Jeffers, Elizabeth S.
Korhola, Atte A.
Marchant, Robert
Kiefer, Thorsten
Lamentowicz, Mariusz
Larocque-Tobler, Isabelle
Lopez-Merino, Lourdes
Liow, Lee H.
McGowan, Suzanne
Miller, Joshua H.
Montoya, Encarni
Morton, Oliver
Nogue, Sandra
Onoufriou, Chloe
Boush, Lisa P.
Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco
Rose, Neil L.
Sayer, Carl D.
Shaw, Helen E.
Payne, Richard
Simpson, Gavin
Sohar, Kadri
Whitehouse, Nicki J.
Williams, John W.
Witkowski, Andrzej
University of St Andrews. Geography & Sustainable Development
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
Anthropocene
Biodiversity
Conservation
ecology and evolution
human-environment interactions
long-term ecology
palaeoecology
palaeoecology and land-use history
research priorities
Palaeo50
Eastern North-America
Ecological questions
Hemlock decline
Climate-change
Management
Reconstructions
Pollen
Future
QE Geology
SDG 13 - Climate Action
SDG 15 - Life on Land
Priority question exercises are becoming an increasingly common tool to frame future agendas in conservation and ecological science. They are an effective way to identify research foci that advance the field and that also have high policy and conservation relevance. To date, there has been no coherent synthesis of key questions and priority research areas for palaeoecology, which combines biological, geochemical and molecular techniques in order to reconstruct past ecological and environmental systems on time-scales from decades to millions of years. We adapted a well-established methodology to identify 50 priority research questions in palaeoecology. Using a set of criteria designed to identify realistic and achievable research goals, we selected questions from a pool submitted by the international palaeoecology research community and relevant policy practitioners. The integration of online participation, both before and during the workshop, increased international engagement in question selection. The questions selected are structured around six themes: human-environment interactions in the Anthropocene; biodiversity, conservation and novel ecosystems; biodiversity over long time-scales; ecosystem processes and biogeochemical cycling; comparing, combining and synthesizing information from multiple records; and new developments in palaeoecology. Future opportunities in palaeoecology are related to improved incorporation of uncertainty into reconstructions, an enhanced understanding of ecological and evolutionary dynamics and processes and the continued application of long-term data for better-informed landscape management.Synthesis. Palaeoecology is a vibrant and thriving discipline, and these 50 priority questions highlight its potential for addressing both pure (e.g. ecological and evolutionary, methodological) and applied (e.g. environmental and conservation) issues related to ecological science and global change.
2014-01-31T10:01:03Z
2014-01-31T10:01:03Z
2014-01
Journal article
Seddon , A W R , Mackay , A W , Baker , A G , Birks , H J B , Breman , E , Buck , C E , Ellis , E C , Froyd , C A , Gill , J L , Gillson , L , Johnson , E A , Jones , V J , Juggins , S , Macias-Fauria , M , Mills , K , Morris , J L , Nogues-Bravo , D , Punyasena , S W , Roland , T P , Tanentzap , A J , Willis , K J , Aberhan , M , van Asperen , E N , Austin , W E N , Battarbee , R W , Bhagwat , S , Belanger , C L , Bennett , K D , Birks , H H , Ramsey , C B , Brooks , S J , de Bruyn , M , Butler , P G , Chambers , F M , Clarke , S J , Davies , A L , Dearing , J A , Ezard , T H G , Feurdean , A , Flower , R J , Gell , P , Hausmann , S , Hogan , E J , Hopkins , M J , Jeffers , E S , Korhola , A A , Marchant , R , Kiefer , T , Lamentowicz , M , Larocque-Tobler , I , Lopez-Merino , L , Liow , L H , McGowan , S , Miller , J H , Montoya , E , Morton , O , Nogue , S , Onoufriou , C , Boush , L P , Rodriguez-Sanchez , F , Rose , N L , Sayer , C D , Shaw , H E , Payne , R , Simpson , G , Sohar , K , Whitehouse , N J , Williams , J W & Witkowski , A 2014 , ' Looking forward through the past : identification of 50 priority research questions in palaeoecology ' , Journal of Ecology , vol. 102 , no. 1 , pp. 256-267 . https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12195
0022-0477
ORCID: /0000-0002-8982-7471/work/52888755
ORCID: /0000-0002-3423-1531/work/39732438
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/4425
10.1111/1365-2745.12195
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12195
eng
Journal of Ecology
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/212402024-03-07T00:44:27Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-01-07T15:30:09Z
urn:hdl:10023/21240
North Macedonia : a surprise
Kamusella, Tomasz
University of St Andrews. School of History
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Institute for Transnational & Spatial History
North Macedonia
Macedonia
Ethnolinguistic nationalism
Language policy
Greece
Balkan politics
DR Balkan Peninsula
3rd-DAS
Following the wars of Yugoslav succession, during the last two decades, Macedonia evolved from central Europe’s (‘Balkan’) typical ethnolinguistic nation-state into a studiously and painstakingly negotiated and constructed polyglot and multiethnic civic national polity for all the country’s inhabitants— or ‘Macedoners’—irrespective of any linguistic, religious or ethnic differences. This form of statehood is commonly, but rather shortsightedly, seen as characteristic of western Europe. However, in many ways, civic national identification, as practiced now in North Macedonia, draws at the Ottoman tradition of the peaceful coexistence of the millets, or ethnoreligious groups that used to be organized as non-territorial autonomies in this Islamic empire. The article takes stock of the political and ideological situation in Macedonia after Skopje / Shkup reached the long awaited rapprochement with Athens in 2019. The price of changing the country’s name to ‘North Macedonia’ appears to have been well worth paying, because the Macedonian-Greek agreement opened the path to NATO and EU membership for this country. Obviously, only the future will show whether Skopje / Shkup successfully seizes this rare opportunity, and if North Macedonia’s neighbors and western Europe facilitate this process.
2021-01-07T15:30:09Z
2021-01-07T15:30:09Z
2020-12-23
Journal article
Kamusella , T 2020 , ' North Macedonia : a surprise ' , Sprawy Narodowościowe / Nationalities Affairs , vol. 52 , 2253 . https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2253
1230-1698
ORCID: /0000-0003-3484-8352/work/85855492
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/21240
10.11649/sn.2253
https://ispan.waw.pl/journals/index.php/sn/issue/view/120/showToc
eng
Sprawy Narodowościowe / Nationalities Affairs
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/33022022-04-14T11:31:46Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2012-12-14T16:01:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/3302
A model for 3-methyladenine recognition by 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I (TAG) from Staphylococcus aureus
Zhu, Xiaofeng
Yan, Xuan
Carter, Lester G.
Liu, Huanting
Graham, Shirley
Coote, Peter J.
Naismith, James
BBSRC
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I
Fluorescence measurements
ITC
DNA repair
Recognition
QD Chemistry
The removal of chemically damaged DNA bases such as 3-methyladenine (3-MeA) is an essential process in all living organisms and is catalyzed by the enzyme 3-MeA DNA glycosylase I. A key question is how the enzyme selectively recognizes the alkylated 3-MeA over the much more abundant adenine. The crystal structures of native and Y16F-mutant 3-MeA DNA glycosylase I from Staphylococcus aureus in complex with 3-MeA are reported to 1.8 and 2.2 angstrom resolution, respectively. Isothermal titration calorimetry shows that protonation of 3-MeA decreases its binding affinity, confirming previous fluorescence studies that show that chargecharge recognition is not critical for the selection of 3-MeA over adenine. It is hypothesized that the hydrogen-bonding pattern of Glu38 and Tyr16 of 3-MeA DNA glycosylase I with a particular tautomer unique to 3-MeA contributes to recognition and selection.
2012-12-14T16:01:02Z
2012-12-14T16:01:02Z
2012-06
Journal article
Zhu , X , Yan , X , Carter , L G , Liu , H , Graham , S , Coote , P J & Naismith , J 2012 , ' A model for 3-methyladenine recognition by 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I (TAG) from Staphylococcus aureus ' , Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications , vol. 68 , pp. 610-615 . https://doi.org/10.1107/S1744309112016363
1744-3091
PURE: 28219867
PURE UUID: d6c9d916-b470-4de9-9319-d8da48d7729a
WOS: 000305073600001
Scopus: 84862214827
ORCID: /0000-0001-5190-805X/work/40963217
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3302
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1744309112016363
BBS/B/14426
eng
Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications
Copyright © International Union of Crystallography.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/106252023-04-18T10:08:43Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2017-04-17T23:33:47Z
urn:hdl:10023/10625
Estimating Key Largo woodrat abundance using spatially explicit capture–recapture and trapping point transects
Potts, Joanne Marie
Buckland, Stephen Terrence
Thomas, Len
Savage, Anne
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
University of St Andrews. Statistics
Abundance
Distance sampling
Key Largo woodrat
Neotoma floridana smalli
Small mammals
Spatially explicit capture–recapture
Trapping point transects
GE Environmental Sciences
QH301 Biology
NDAS
JMP was funded by Disney's Animal Programs, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and University of St Andrews.
The Key Largo woodrat (Neotoma floridana smalli) is an endangered rodent with a restricted geographic range and small population size. Establishing an efficient monitoring program of its abundance has been problematic; previous trapping designs have not worked well because the species is sparsely distributed. We compared Key Largo woodrat abundance estimates in Key Largo, Florida, USA, obtained using trapping point transects (TPT) and spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) based on statistical properties, survey effort, practicality, and cost. Both methods combine aspects of distance sampling with capture–recapture, but TPT relies on radiotracking individuals to estimate detectability and SECR relies on repeat capture information to estimate densities of home ranges. Abundance estimates using TPT in the spring of 2007 and 2008 were 333 woodrats (CV = 0.46) and 696 (CV = 0.43), respectively. Abundance estimates using SECR in the spring, summer, and winter of 2007 were 97 (CV = 0.31), 334 (CV = 0.26), and 433 (CV = 0.20) animals, respectively. Trapping point transects used approximately 960 person-hours and 1,010 trap-nights/season. Spatially explicit capture–recapture used approximately 500 person-hours and 6,468 trap-nights/season. Significant time was saved in the SECR survey by setting large numbers of traps close together, minimizing time walking between traps. Trapping point transects were practical to implement in the field, and valuable auxiliary information on Key Largo woodrat behavior was obtained via radiocollaring. In this particular study, detectability of the woodrat using TPT was very low and consequently the SECR method was more efficient. Both methods require a substantial investment in survey effort to detect any change in abundance because of large uncertainty in estimates.
2017-04-17T23:33:47Z
2017-04-17T23:33:47Z
2016-06
2017-04-17
Journal article
Potts , J M , Buckland , S T , Thomas , L & Savage , A 2016 , ' Estimating Key Largo woodrat abundance using spatially explicit capture–recapture and trapping point transects ' , Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol. 40 , no. 2 , pp. 331-338 . https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.651
1938-5463
PURE: 242039257
PURE UUID: 36ae9818-f615-4fec-bd04-80c5afbf233d
Bibtex: urn:ec945379e98d6772c046bb94f25bb0b1
Scopus: 84963516741
ORCID: /0000-0002-7436-067X/work/29591657
WOS: 000379601500017
ORCID: /0000-0002-9939-709X/work/73700977
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10625
https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.651
eng
Wildlife Society Bulletin
© 2016, Publisher / the Author(s). This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at onlinelibrary.wiley.com / https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/wsb.651
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/241592022-04-08T11:32:03Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-10-18T15:30:17Z
urn:hdl:10023/24159
Emplacement and segment geometry of large, high-viscosity magmatic sheets
Schmiedel, Tobias
Burchardt, Steffi
Mattsson, Tobias
Guldstrand, Frank
Galland, Olivier
Palma, Joaquín Octavio
Skogby, Henrik
University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
Magma transport
High-viscosity dykes
Shallow crust
Igneous
Sills
Chachahuen volcano
Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS)
Magma flow indicator
QE Geology
DAS
This project and Tobias Schmiedel are funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through a Wallenberg Academy Fellow grant to Steffi Burchardt (grant No. KAW 2017.0153).
Understanding magma transport in sheet intrusions is crucial to interpreting volcanic unrest. Studies of dyke emplacement and geometry focus predominantly on low-viscosity, mafic dykes. Here, we present an in-depth study of two high-viscosity dykes (106 Pa·s) in the Chachahuén volcano, Argentina, the Great Dyke and the Sosa Dyke. To quantify dyke geometries, magma flow indicators, and magma viscosity, we combine photogrammetry, microstructural analysis, igneous petrology, Fourier-Transform-Infrared-Spectroscopy, and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS). Our results show that the dykes consist of 3 to 8 mappable segments up to 2 km long. Segments often end in a bifurcation, and segment tips are predominantly oval, but elliptical tips occur in the outermost segments of the Great Dyke. Furthermore, variations in host rocks have no observable impact on dyke geometry. AMS fabrics and other flow indicators in the Sosa Dyke show lateral magma flow in contrast to the vertical flow suggested by the segment geometries. A comparison with segment geometries of low-viscosity dykes shows that our high-viscosity dykes follow the same geometrical trend. In fact, the data compilation supports that dyke segment and tip geometries reflect different stages in dyke emplacement, questioning the current usage for final sheet geometries as proxies for emplacement mechanism.
2021-10-18T15:30:17Z
2021-10-18T15:30:17Z
2021-10-11
Journal article
Schmiedel , T , Burchardt , S , Mattsson , T , Guldstrand , F , Galland , O , Palma , J O & Skogby , H 2021 , ' Emplacement and segment geometry of large, high-viscosity magmatic sheets ' , Minerals , vol. 11 , no. 10 , e1113 . https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101113
2075-163X
PURE: 276280463
PURE UUID: ae0bf7ee-a089-4702-89d9-fe0f9a0ffa81
Jisc: 8adb14fb49a94eb69384df23a79ca737
ORCID: /0000-0003-0717-4014/work/101582030
Scopus: 85116764758
WOS: 000715252000001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/24159
https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101113
eng
Minerals
Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/126022024-03-10T00:42:28Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2018-01-25T00:31:40Z
urn:hdl:10023/12602
Culture extends the scope of evolutionary biology in the great apes
Whiten, Andrew
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
Social learning
Culture
Evolutionary biology
Chimpanzee
Gorilla
Orangutan
BF Psychology
QH301 Biology
NDAS
Discoveries about the cultures and cultural capacities of the great apes have played a leading role in the recognition emerging in recent decades that cultural inheritance can be a significant factor in the lives not only of humans, but of non-human animals. This prominence derives in part from the fact that these primates are those with whom we share the most recent common ancestry, thus offering clues to the origins of our own thoroughgoing reliance on cumulative cultural achievements. In addition, the intense research focus on these species has spawned an unprecedented diversity of complementary methodological approaches, the results of which suggest that cultural phenomena pervade the lives of these apes, with potentially major implications for their broader evolutionary biology. Here I review what this extremely broad array of observational and experimental methodologies has taught us about the cultural lives of chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans, and consider the ways in which this extends our wider understanding of primate biology and the processes of adaptation and evolution that shape it. I address these issues by first evaluating the extent to which the results of cultural inheritance echo a suite of core principles that underlie organic, Darwinian evolution, but also extend them in new ways; and secondly by assessing the principal causal interactions between the primary, genetically-based organic processes of evolution, and the secondary system of cultural inheritance that is based on social learning from others.
2018-01-25T00:31:40Z
2018-01-25T00:31:40Z
2017-07-25
2018-01-24
Journal article
Whiten , A 2017 , ' Culture extends the scope of evolutionary biology in the great apes ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 114 , no. 30 , pp. 7790-7797 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620733114
1091-6490
ORCID: /0000-0003-2426-5890/work/65014019
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/12602
10.1073/pnas.1620733114
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/07/18/1620733114.full
eng
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/208702024-03-12T00:44:23Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2020-11-02T00:37:53Z
urn:hdl:10023/20870
The stability of divalent Ge in silicate melts and its geochemical properties
Mare, Eleanor
O'Neill, Hugh St. C.
Berry, Andrew
Glover, Chris
University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
Germanium
Silicate melt
Oxidation state
XANES
EXAFS
Partitioning
GE Environmental Sciences
QE Geology
DAS
HON gratefully acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council through grant FL130100066.
The oxidation state of Ge in silicate glasses, quenched from melts, was determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The melts were equilibrated over the range of relative oxygen fugacities (fO2) from IW -3 to IW + 10, where IW is the iron-wüstite oxygen buffer in logarithmic units. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of the samples show that over the range in fO2 from IW -2.8 to IW + 2.4, the Ge4+/(Ge2+ + Ge4+) ratio increases from 0.05 to 0.95. Modelling of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) gives the Ge2+–O bond length as 1.89 ± 0.03 Å. Olivine–melt partitioning experiments were also conducted, which show that Ge2+ is highly incompatible, with DGe2+ol/melt < 0.005, whereas DGe4+ol/melt is ∼ 1, where D is the partition coefficient. The geochemical properties of Ge during the magmatic differentiation of the Moon and other reduced rocky planets and achondrite parent bodies will therefore be entirely different to that familiar from terrestrial examples. In particular, the incompatible nature of Ge2+ may explain the anomalous enrichment of Ge in KREEP basalts.
2020-11-02T00:37:53Z
2020-11-02T00:37:53Z
2020-01-20
2020-11-02
Journal article
Mare , E , O'Neill , H S C , Berry , A & Glover , C 2020 , ' The stability of divalent Ge in silicate melts and its geochemical properties ' , Chemical Geology , vol. 532 , 119306 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119306
0009-2541
ORCID: /0000-0003-0531-7755/work/65014452
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/20870
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119306
eng
Chemical Geology
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/239182023-04-26T00:14:56Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-09-07T15:30:06Z
urn:hdl:10023/23918
Neuroanatomical correlates of impulsive choices and risky decision making in young chronic tobacco smokers : a voxel-based morphometry study
Conti, Aldo Alberto
Baldacchino, Alexander Mario
University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. Centre for Minorities Research (CMR)
Neuropsychology
Nicotine
Adolescents
Impulsivity
Tobacco
Addictions
Neuroimaging
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
NDAS
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
This study has been supported by a University of St. Andrews Endowment fund and by a self-funded PhD scholarship.
Introduction : Impairments in the multifaceted neuropsychological construct of cognitive impulsivity are a main feature of chronic tobacco smokers. According to the literature, these cognitive impairments are relevant for the initiation andmaintenance of the smoking behavior. However, the neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive impulsivity in chronic smokers remain under-investigated. Methods : A sample of 28 chronic smokers (mean age = 28 years) not affectedby polysubstance dependence and 24 matched non-smoker controls was recruited. Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM) was employed to assess Gray Matter (GM) volume differences between smokers and non-smokers. The relationships between GM volume and behavioral manifestations of impulsive choices (5 trial adjusting delay discounting task, ADT-5) and risky decision making (Cambridge Gambling Task, CGT) were also investigated. Results : VBM results revealed GM volume reductions in cortical and striatal brainregions of chronic smokers compared to non-smokers. Additionally, smokers showed heightened impulsive choices (p < 0.01, Cohen’s f = 0.50) and a riskier decision- making process (p < 0.01, Cohen’s f = 0.40) compared to non-smokers. GM volume reductions in the left Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) correlated with impaired impulsive and risky choices, while GM volume reductions in the left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) and Caudate correlated with heightened impulsive choices. Reduced GM volume in the left VLPFC correlated with younger age at smoking initiation (mean = 16 years). Conclusion : Smokers displayed significant GM volume reductions and related cognitive impulsivity impairments compared to non-smoker individuals. Longitudinal studies would be required to assess whether these impairments underline neurocognitive endophenotypes or if they are a consequence of tobacco exposure on the adolescent brain.
2021-09-07T15:30:06Z
2021-09-07T15:30:06Z
2021-08-30
Journal article
Conti , A A & Baldacchino , A M 2021 , ' Neuroanatomical correlates of impulsive choices and risky decision making in young chronic tobacco smokers : a voxel-based morphometry study ' , Frontiers in Psychiatry , vol. 12 , 708925 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.708925
1664-0640
PURE: 275694540
PURE UUID: 681b2393-7235-4ee6-8c63-9dacf08832cc
ORCID: /0000-0002-5388-7376/work/99466008
ORCID: /0000-0002-0467-9431/work/99466517
Scopus: 85115003345
WOS: 000697986400001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23918
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.708925
eng
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Copyright © 2021 Conti and Baldacchino. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/124252024-03-24T00:42:44Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2018-01-04T12:30:10Z
urn:hdl:10023/12425
Sex differences in the use of social information emerge under conditions of risk
Brand, Charlotte O.
Brown, Gillian R.
Cross, Catharine P.
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
Sex differences
Risk taking
Human behaviour
Social learning
Social information use
Risk aversion
Cultural evolution
HT Communities. Classes. Races
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
DAS
BDC
R2C
The research was funded by a John Templeton Foundation grant, awarded to lead principal investigators Kevin Laland (School of Biology, University of St Andrews) and Andrew Whiten (School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews).
Social learning provides an effective route to gaining up-to-date information, particularly when information is costly to obtain asocially. Theoretical work predicts that the willingness to switch between using asocial and social sources of information will vary between individuals according to their risk tolerance. We tested the prediction that, where there are sex differences in risk tolerance, altering the variance of the payoffs of using asocial and social information differentially influences the probability of social information use by sex. In a computer-based task that involved building a virtual spaceship, men and women (N = 88) were given the option of using either asocial or social sources of information to improve their performance. When the asocial option was risky (i.e., the participant’s score could markedly increase or decrease) and the social option was safe (i.e., their score could slightly increase or remain the same), women, but not men, were more likely to use the social option than the asocial option. In all other conditions, both women and men preferentially used the asocial option to a similar degree. We therefore found both a sex difference in risk aversion and a sex difference in the preference for social information when relying on asocial information was risky, consistent with the hypothesis that levels of risk-aversion influence the use of social information.
2018-01-04T12:30:10Z
2018-01-04T12:30:10Z
2018-01-03
Journal article
Brand , C O , Brown , G R & Cross , C P 2018 , ' Sex differences in the use of social information emerge under conditions of risk ' , PeerJ , vol. 6 , e4190 . https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4190
2167-8359
ORCID: /0000-0002-0675-0780/work/60195732
ORCID: /0000-0001-8110-8408/work/60427413
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/12425
10.7717/peerj.4190
https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3212v1
eng
PeerJ
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/188332023-04-26T00:22:38Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2019-11-02T17:30:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/18833
Adolescent alcohol-related behaviours : trends and inequalities in the WHO European Region, 2002-2014
Inchley, Joanna Catherine
Currie, Dorothy Bruce
Vieno, Allessio
Torsheim, Torbjørn
Ferreira-Borges, C
Weber, Martin
Barnekow, Vivian
Breda, João
University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division
University of St Andrews. Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Adolescent behaviour
Alcohol drinking - epidemiology, trends
Alcoholic intoxication - epidemiology
Health behaviour
Health status disparities
Health surveys
Socioeconomic factors
Europe
HT Communities. Classes. Races
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey is a WHO collaborative cross-national study that monitors the health behaviours, health outcomes and social environments of boys and girls aged 11, 13 and 15 years every four years. HBSC has collected international data on adolescent health, including alcohol consumption and drinking behaviours, for over 30 years, allowing prevalence to be compared across countries and over time. This report presents the latest trends in alcohol consumption and drinking behaviours among 15-year-olds across the WHO European Region, taken from the HBSC study. It highlights gender and socioeconomic inequalities across the Region. Trends have previously been reported separately, but this report brings together for the first time a broader range of HBSC data on adolescent alcohol consumption and drinking behaviours to review the latest evidence and highlight differences in alcohol use by gender, socioeconomic position and geographic subregion.
2019-11-02T17:30:02Z
2019-11-02T17:30:02Z
2018
Report
Inchley , J C , Currie , D B , Vieno , A , Torsheim , T , Ferreira-Borges , C , Weber , M , Barnekow , V & Breda , J (eds) 2018 , Adolescent alcohol-related behaviours : trends and inequalities in the WHO European Region, 2002-2014 . WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen . < http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/adolescent-alcohol-related-behaviours-trends-and-inequalities-in-the-who-european-region,-20022014-2018 >
9789289053495
PURE: 256707466
PURE UUID: 3420c979-16d0-4556-b757-5ba4c0cc1d03
ORCID: /0000-0001-7321-9394/work/60196016
ORCID: /0000-0001-8322-8817/work/65014207
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18833
http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/adolescent-alcohol-related-behaviours-trends-and-inequalities-in-the-who-european-region,-20022014-2018
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/382840/WH15-alcohol-report-eng.pdf?ua=1
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/329417
eng
Copyright © 2018 World Health Organization. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/329417
WHO Regional Office for Europe
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/250532023-06-09T01:30:31Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2022-03-15T16:30:07Z
urn:hdl:10023/25053
Exploring the predictive value of the evoked potentials score in MS within an appropriate patient population : a hint for an early identification of benign MS?
Margaritella, Nicolò
Mendozzi, Laura
Garegnani, Massimo
Nemni, Raffaello
Colicino, Elena
Gilardi, Elisabetta
Pugnetti, Luigi
University of St Andrews. Statistics
Adult
Early diagnosis
Electroencephalography/methods
Evoked potentials, somatosensory
Female
Humans
Male
Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis
Reproducibility of results
Sensitivity and specificity
Severity of illness index
QA Mathematics
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
This study was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Corrente funding plan to the institutional research activity of the Scientific Institute S. Maria Nascente of the Don C. Gnocchi Foundation.
Background: The prognostic value of evoked potentials (EPs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been fully established. The correlations between the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at First Neurological Evaluation (FNE) and the duration of the disease, as well as between EDSS and EPs, have influenced the outcome of most previous studies. To overcome this confounding relations, we propose to test the prognostic value of EPs within an appropriate patient population which should be based on patients with low EDSS at FNE and short disease duration. Methods: We retrospectively selected a sample of 143 early relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients with an EDSS < 3.5 from a larger database spanning 20 years. By means of bivariate logistic regressions, the best predictors of worsening were selected among several demographic and clinical variables. The best multivariate logistic model was statistically validated and prospectively applied to 50 patients examined during 2009-2011. Results: The Evoked Potentials score (EP score) and the Time to EDSS 2.0 (TT2) were the best predictors of worsening in our sample (Odds Ratio 1.10 and 0.82 respectively, p=0.001). Low EP score (below 15-20 points), short TT2 (lower than 3-5 years) and their interaction resulted to be the most useful for the identification of worsening patterns. Moreover, in patients with an EP score at FNE below 6 points and a TT2 greater than 3 years the probability of worsening was 10% after 4-5 years and rapidly decreased thereafter. Conclusions: In an appropriate population of early RRMS patients, the EP score at FNE is a good predictor of disability at low values as well as in combination with a rapid buildup of disability. Interestingly, an EP score at FNE under the median together with a clinical stability lasting more than 3 years turned out to be a protective pattern. This finding may contribute to an early identification of benign patients, well before the term required to diagnose Benign MS (BMS).
2022-03-15T16:30:07Z
2022-03-15T16:30:07Z
2012-08-22
Journal article
Margaritella , N , Mendozzi , L , Garegnani , M , Nemni , R , Colicino , E , Gilardi , E & Pugnetti , L 2012 , ' Exploring the predictive value of the evoked potentials score in MS within an appropriate patient population : a hint for an early identification of benign MS? ' , BMC Neurology , vol. 12 , 80 . https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-12-80
1471-2377
PURE: 278279289
PURE UUID: b0ed7aae-a3cc-417a-a66a-c582c75b7117
PubMed: 22913733
PubMedCentral: PMC3488473
Scopus: 84865248126
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25053
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-12-80
eng
BMC Neurology
Copyright © 2012 Margaritella et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/239082024-03-27T00:45:01Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-09-07T08:30:04Z
urn:hdl:10023/23908
What happened? Do preschool children and capuchin monkeys spontaneously use visual traces to locate a reward?
Civelek, Zeynep
Völter, Christoph J
Seed, Amanda M
European Research Council
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. ‘Living Links to Human Evolution’ Research Centre
Capuchin monkeys
Causal inference
Preschoolers
Unseen causes
QL Zoology
BF Psychology
DAS
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 639072). Edinburgh Zoo's Living Links Research Facility is core supported by the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (registered charity no.: SC004064) through funding generated by its visitors, members and supporters.
The ability to infer unseen causes from evidence is argued to emerge early in development and to be uniquely human. We explored whether preschoolers and capuchin monkeys could locate a reward based on the physical traces left following a hidden event. Preschoolers and capuchin monkeys were presented with two cups covered with foil. Behind a barrier, an experimenter (E) punctured the foil coverings one at a time, revealing the cups with one cover broken after the first event and both covers broken after the second. One event involved hiding a reward, the other event was performed with a stick (order counterbalanced). Preschoolers and, with additional experience, monkeys could connect the traces to the objects used in the puncturing events to find the reward. Reversing the order of events perturbed the performance of 3-year olds and capuchins, while 4-year-old children performed above chance when the order of events was reversed from the first trial. Capuchins performed significantly better on the ripped foil task than they did on an arbitrary test in which the covers were not ripped but rather replaced with a differently patterned cover. We conclude that by 4 years of age children spontaneously reason backwards from evidence to deduce its cause.
2021-09-07T08:30:04Z
2021-09-07T08:30:04Z
2021-08-11
Journal article
Civelek , Z , Völter , C J & Seed , A M 2021 , ' What happened? Do preschool children and capuchin monkeys spontaneously use visual traces to locate a reward? ' , Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol. 288 , no. 1956 , 20211101 . https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1101
0962-8452
RIS: urn:B4A9F1683BB0223A791846E6F617CC4D
ORCID: /0000-0002-3867-3003/work/99804167
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/23908
10.1098/rspb.2021.1101
639072
eng
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/73672022-04-06T11:30:15Zcom_10023_51com_10023_18com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_52col_10023_880
2015-08-31T13:40:07Z
urn:hdl:10023/7367
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigation of the anodic functionalities and processes in LSCM-CGO-Ni systems
Boulfrad, Samir
Nechache, A.
Cassidy, Mark
Traversa, E.
Irvine, John Thomas Sirr
Eguchi, K.
Singhal, S. C.
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
QD Chemistry
NDAS
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to characterize anode compositions made of (La0.75Sr0.25)0.97Cr0.5Mn0.5O3 (LSCM) and gadolinia doped ceria (CGO) with and without additional submicron Ni, or exsoluted Ni nanoparticles. In addition, the effects of the anode gas flow rate and the working temperature were investigated. Higher content of the ionic conductor leads to a decrease of the impedance in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 10 Hz. The effect of the catalyst component was investigated while keeping the electronic conductivity unchanged in the tested materials. Enhanced catalytic activity was demonstrated to considerably decrease the impedance especially in the frequency range between 100 Hz to 1 Hz. The change in the gas flow rate affects mainly the impedance bellow 1 Hz.
2015-08-31T13:40:07Z
2015-08-31T13:40:07Z
2015
Conference item
Boulfrad , S , Nechache , A , Cassidy , M , Traversa , E & Irvine , J T S 2015 , Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigation of the anodic functionalities and processes in LSCM-CGO-Ni systems . in K Eguchi & S C Singhal (eds) , 14th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, SOFC 2015 . ECS Transactions , no. 1 , vol. 68 , Electrochemical Society , pp. 2011-2018 . https://doi.org/10.1149/06801.2011ecst
9781607685395
1938-5862
PURE: 213561679
PURE UUID: 544bd97e-ffc5-4c30-8b82-a58eca6af626
Scopus: 84938801162
ORCID: /0000-0002-8394-3359/work/68280638
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7367
https://doi.org/10.1149/06801.2011ecst
eng
14th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, SOFC 2015
ECS Transactions
© The Electrochemical Society, Inc. 2015. All rights reserved. Except as provided under U.S. copyright law, this work may not be reproduced, resold, distributed, or modified without the express permission of The Electrochemical Society (ECS). The archival version of this work was published here: https://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06801.2011ecst
Electrochemical Society
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/254172024-03-25T00:46:02Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2022-05-19T16:30:09Z
urn:hdl:10023/25417
Sulfur isotopes of hydrothermal vent fossils and insights into microbial sulfur cycling within a lower Paleozoic (Ordovician‐early Silurian) vent community
Georgieva, Magdalena N.
Little, Crispin T. S.
Herrington, Richard J.
Boyce, Adrian J.
Zerkle, Aubrey L.
Maslennikov, Valeriy V.
EIMF
Glover, Adrian G.
University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Isotope Geochemistry
Chemosynthesis
Evolution
Microbiology
Paleobiology
Pyrite preservation
QH301 Biology
GE Environmental Sciences
DAS
This study was supported by a UK Natural Environment Research Council grant (NERC; number NE/R000670/1 to AG). MG is also grateful for support from an Ifremer Postdoctoral Fellowship. Alvinella samples were collected with the help of a NERC Small Grant (number NE/C000714/1 to CTSL). S isotopic analyses were undertaken under NERC Facility awards IP-1755-1117 and IMF672/1118.
Symbioses between metazoans and microbes involved in sulfur cycling are integral to the ability of animals to thrive within deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments; the development of such interactions is regarded as a key adaptation in enabling animals to successfully colonize vents. Microbes often colonize the surfaces of vent animals and, remarkably, these associations can also be observed intricately preserved by pyrite in the fossil record of vent environments, stretching back to the lower Paleozoic (Ordovician‐early Silurian). In non‐vent environments, sulfur isotopes are often employed to investigate the metabolic strategies of both modern and fossil organisms, as certain metabolic pathways of microbes, notably sulfate reduction, can produce large sulfur isotope fractionations. However, the sulfur isotopes of vent fossils, both ancient and recently mineralized, have seldom been explored, and it is not known if the pyrite‐preserved vent organisms might also preserve potential signatures of their metabolisms. Here, we use high‐resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to investigate the sulfur isotopes of pyrites from recently mineralized and Ordovician‐early Silurian tubeworm fossils with associated microbial fossils. Our results demonstrate that pyrites containing microbial fossils consistently have significantly more negative δ34S values compared with nearby non‐fossiliferous pyrites, and thus represent the first indication that the presence of microbial sulfur‐cycling communities active at the time of pyrite formation influenced the sulfur isotope signatures of pyrite at hydrothermal vents. The observed depletions in δ34S are generally small in magnitude and are perhaps best explained by sulfur isotope fractionation through a combination of sulfur‐cycling processes carried out by vent microbes. These results highlight the potential for using sulfur isotopes to explore biological functional relationships within fossil vent communities, and to enhance understanding of how microbial and animal life has co‐evolved to colonize vents throughout geological time.
2022-05-19T16:30:09Z
2022-05-19T16:30:09Z
2022-05-18
Journal article
Georgieva , M N , Little , C T S , Herrington , R J , Boyce , A J , Zerkle , A L , Maslennikov , V V , EIMF & Glover , A G 2022 , ' Sulfur isotopes of hydrothermal vent fossils and insights into microbial sulfur cycling within a lower Paleozoic (Ordovician‐early Silurian) vent community ' , Geobiology , vol. Early View . https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12495
1472-4677
Jisc: 326768
publisher-id: gbi12495
society-id: gbi-149-2021.r1
ORCID: /0000-0003-2324-1619/work/113398955
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/25417
10.1111/gbi.12495
eng
Geobiology
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/47972024-02-15T00:40:27Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2014-05-15T09:31:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/4797
Wzi Is an Outer Membrane Lectin that Underpins Group 1 Capsule Assembly in Escherichia coli
Bushell, Simon
Mainprize, Iain L.
Wear, Martin A.
Lou, Hubing
Whitfield, Chris
Naismith, Jim
The Wellcome Trust
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Surface-plasmon resonance
Colanic acid biosynthesis
Gram-negative bacteria
Klebsiella-pneumoniae
K antigens
Functional-analysis
Crystal-structure
Structural basis
Gene-expression
Concanavalin-A
QH301 Biology
Many pathogenic bacteria encase themselves in a polysaccharide capsule that provides a barrier to the physical and immunological challenges of the host. The mechanism by which the capsule assembles around the bacterial cell is unknown. Wzi, an integral outer-membrane protein from Escherichia coli, has been implicated in the formation of group 1 capsules. The 2.6 angstrom resolution structure of Wzi reveals an 18-stranded beta-barrel fold with a novel arrangement of long extracellular loops that blocks the extracellular entrance and a helical bundle that plugs the periplasmic end. Mutagenesis shows that specific extracellular loops are required for in vivo capsule assembly. The data show that Wzi binds the K30 carbohydrate polymer and, crucially, that mutants functionally deficient in vivo show no binding to K30 polymer in vitro. We conclude that Wzi is a novel outer-membrane lectin that assists in the formation of the bacterial capsule via direct interaction with capsular polysaccharides.
2014-05-15T09:31:02Z
2014-05-15T09:31:02Z
2013-04-25
Journal article
Bushell , S , Mainprize , I L , Wear , M A , Lou , H , Whitfield , C & Naismith , J 2013 , ' Wzi Is an Outer Membrane Lectin that Underpins Group 1 Capsule Assembly in Escherichia coli ' , Structure , vol. 21 , no. 5 , pp. 844-853 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2013.03.010
0969-2126
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/4797
10.1016/j.str.2013.03.010
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3791409
081862/Z/06/Z
eng
Structure
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/49862023-04-18T09:51:09Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2014-07-09T12:01:01Z
urn:hdl:10023/4986
Beyond sum-free sets in the natural numbers
Huczynska, Sophie
University of St Andrews. Pure Mathematics
University of St Andrews. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Computational Algebra
Sum-free sets
QA Mathematics
For an interval [1,N]⊆N, sets S⊆[1,N] with the property that |{(x,y)∈S2:x+y∈S}|=0, known as sum-free sets, have attracted considerable attention. In this paper, we generalize this notion by considering r(S)=|{(x,y)∈S2:x+y∈S}|, and analyze its behaviour as S ranges over the subsets of [1,N]. We obtain a comprehensive description of the spectrum of attainable r-values, constructive existence results and structural characterizations for sets attaining extremal and near-extremal values.
2014-07-09T12:01:01Z
2014-07-09T12:01:01Z
2014-02-07
Journal article
Huczynska , S 2014 , ' Beyond sum-free sets in the natural numbers ' , Electronic Journal of Combinatorics , vol. 21 , no. 1 .
1097-1440
PURE: 108164447
PURE UUID: c5322e45-4a27-4c23-9743-35ed2a040395
Scopus: 84893545619
ORCID: /0000-0002-0626-7932/work/74117789
WOS: 000331196200001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4986
http://www.combinatorics.org/ojs/index.php/eljc/article/view/v21i1p21
eng
Electronic Journal of Combinatorics
© 2014, the Author. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/215982022-04-12T10:31:10Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-03-11T00:39:00Z
urn:hdl:10023/21598
Isothiourea-catalyzed atropselective acylation of biaryl phenols via sequential desymmetrization/kinetic resolution
Munday, Elizabeth Sarah
Grove, Markas
Feoktistova, Taisiia
Brueckner, Alexander C.
Walden, Daniel
Young, Claire Mary
Slawin, Alexandra Martha Zoya
Campbell, Andrew
Cheong, Paul Ha-Yeon
Smith, Andrew D.
EPSRC
The Royal Society
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Desymmetrization
Organocatalysis
Isothiourea
Kinetic resolution
Atropisomers
QD Chemistry
DAS
We would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, University of St Andrews, and the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Critical Resource Catalysis (CRITICAT) for financial support [Ph.D. studentship to E.M.; Grant code: EP/L016419/1]. A.D.S. thanks the Royal Society for a Wolfson Research Merit Award. We also thank the EPSRC UK National Mass Spectrometry Facility at Swansea University. PHYC gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Bert and Emelyn Christensen and Vicki & Patrick F. Stone families. PHYC, MAG, TF, ACB, and DW acknowledge the National Science Foundation (NSF, CHE-1352663). TF acknowledges Summer Fellowship Award from the department of Chemistry at OSU.
Axially chiral phenols are attractive targets in organic synthesis. This motif is central to many natural products and widely used as precursors to, or directly, as chiral ligands and catalysts. Despite their utility few simple catalytic methods are available for their synthesis in high enantiopurity. Herein the atropselective acylation of a range of symmetric biaryl diols is investigated using isothiourea catalysis. Studies on a model biaryl diol substrate shows that the high product er observed in the process is a result of two successive enantioselective reactions consisting of an initial enantioselective desymmetrization coupled with a second chiroablative kinetic resolution. Extension of this process to a range of substrates, including a challenging tetraorthosubstituted biaryl diol, led to highly enantioenriched products (14 examples, up to 98:2 er), with either HyperBTM or BTM identified as the optimal catalyst depending upon the substitution pattern within the substrate. Computation has been used to understand the factors that lead to high enantiocontrol in this process, with maintenance of planarity to maximize a 1,5‐S•••O interaction within the key acyl ammonium intermediate identified as the major feature that determines atropselective acylation and thus product enantioselectivity.
2021-03-11T00:39:00Z
2021-03-11T00:39:00Z
2020-03-11
2021-03-11
Journal article
Munday , E S , Grove , M , Feoktistova , T , Brueckner , A C , Walden , D , Young , C M , Slawin , A M Z , Campbell , A , Cheong , P H-Y & Smith , A D 2020 , ' Isothiourea-catalyzed atropselective acylation of biaryl phenols via sequential desymmetrization/kinetic resolution ' , Angewandte Chemie International Edition , vol. Early View . https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201916480
1433-7851
PURE: 265942225
PURE UUID: 5074c7e2-05f7-4ac2-babe-616a9a1f81a5
ORCID: /0000-0002-2104-7313/work/70618871
ORCID: /0000-0002-9527-6418/work/70618947
Scopus: 85081908154
WOS: 000529988500042
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21598
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201916480
EP/L016419/1
WM140071
eng
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Copyright © 2020 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201916480
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/39312024-02-15T00:40:34Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2013-08-06T11:31:09Z
urn:hdl:10023/3931
Simultaneous determination of the constituent azimuthal and radial mode indices for light fields possessing orbital angular momentum
Mazilu, Michael
Mourka, Areti
Vettenburg, Tom
Wright, Ewan M.
Dholakia, Kishan
EPSRC
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
Laguerre-Gaussian beams
Azimuthal index
Principal component analysis
Optical system
Hermite-Gaussian beams
QC Physics
This work received Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council funding.
A wide array of diffractive structures such as arrays of pinholes, triangular apertures, slits, and holograms have all recently been used to measure the azimuthal index of individual Laguerre-Gaussian beams. Here, we demonstrate a powerful approach to simultaneously measure both the radial and azimuthal indices of pure Laguerre-Gaussian light fields using the method of principal component analysis. We find that the shape of the diffracting element used to measure the mode indices is in fact of little importance and the crucial step is training any diffracting optical system and transforming the observed pattern into uncorrelated variables. The method is generic and may be extended to other families of light fields such as Bessel or Hermite-Gaussian beams.
2013-08-06T11:31:09Z
2013-08-06T11:31:09Z
2012-06-04
Journal article
Mazilu , M , Mourka , A , Vettenburg , T , Wright , E M & Dholakia , K 2012 , ' Simultaneous determination of the constituent azimuthal and radial mode indices for light fields possessing orbital angular momentum ' , Applied Physics Letters , vol. 100 , no. 23 , 231115 . https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4728111
0003-6951
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/3931
10.1063/1.4728111
EP/G029733/1
eng
Applied Physics Letters
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/123212022-04-28T13:30:39Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2017-12-13T00:32:03Z
urn:hdl:10023/12321
Successful suction-cup tagging of a small delphinid species, Stenella attenuata : insights into whistle characteristics
Silva, Tammy L.
Aran Mooney, T.
Sayigh, Laela S.
Baird, Robin W.
Tyack, Peter L.
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
University of St Andrews. Sound Tags Group
University of St Andrews. Bioacoustics group
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
GC Oceanography
GE Environmental Sciences
QH301 Biology
NDAS
This project was funded by the Office of Naval Research (award number: N000141110612; Program Manager Michael J. Weise), WHOI Marine Mammal Center, and the Sawyer and Penzance Endowed Funds, with additional field time funded by grants through Cascadia Research Collective by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (through the Alaska SeaLife Center) and the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. PLT acknowledges the support of the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland). MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions.
2017-12-13T00:32:03Z
2017-12-13T00:32:03Z
2017-04-13
2017-12-12
Journal article
Silva , T L , Aran Mooney , T , Sayigh , L S , Baird , R W & Tyack , P L 2017 , ' Successful suction-cup tagging of a small delphinid species, Stenella attenuata : insights into whistle characteristics ' , Marine Mammal Science , vol. 33 , no. 2 , pp. 653-668 . https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12376
1748-7692
PURE: 248188172
PURE UUID: 07e657c2-2cc5-4f41-a575-6ed989a39e0a
Bibtex: urn:fffcdd71a3480d0353c9a15322be2a19
Scopus: 85008255978
WOS: 000399640700015
ORCID: /0000-0002-8409-4790/work/60887880
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12321
https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12376
eng
Marine Mammal Science
© 216, Society for Marine Biology. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at onlinelibrary.wiley.com / https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12376
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27572023-04-18T09:39:49Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2012-06-13T11:01:01Z
urn:hdl:10023/2757
Comparing motion induction in lateral motion and motion in depth
Harris, Julie
German, KJ
EPSRC
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
Induced motion
Motion in depth
Binocular
Motion
Random-dot stereograms
Induced movement
Eye movements
Perception
Representation
Stereomotion
Velocity
Errors
BF Psychology
Induced motion, the apparent motion of an object when a nearby object moves, has been shown to occur in a variety of different conditions, including motion in depth. Here we explore whether similar patterns of induced motion result from induction in a lateral direction (frontoparallel motion) or induction in depth. We measured the magnitude of induced motion in a stationary target for: (a) binocularly viewed lateral motion of a pair of inducers, where the angular motion is in the same direction for the two eyes, and (b) binocularly viewed motion in depth of inducers, where the angular motions in the two eyes are opposite to each other, but the same magnitude as for the lateral motion. We found that induced motion is of similar magnitude for the two viewing conditions. This suggests a common mechanism for motion induction by both lateral motion and motion in depth, and is consistent with the idea that the visual signals responsible for induced motion are established before angular information is scaled to obtain metric motion in depth.
2012-06-13T11:01:01Z
2012-06-13T11:01:01Z
2008-02
Journal article
Harris , J & German , KJ 2008 , ' Comparing motion induction in lateral motion and motion in depth ' , Vision Research , vol. 48 , no. 5 , pp. 695-702 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2007.11.018
0042-6989
PURE: 403127
PURE UUID: 063293c5-d155-45d1-9dda-77dadb2cfd32
WOS: 000254112500006
Scopus: 39149127288
ORCID: /0000-0002-3497-4503/work/46085832
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2757
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2007.11.018
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=39149127288&partnerID=8YFLogxK
EP/D002281/1
eng
Vision Research
This is an author version of this work. Published version (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd is available from http://www.sciencedirect.com
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/290802024-02-17T00:44:42Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2024-01-26T11:30:06Z
urn:hdl:10023/29080
Great power competition in Syria : from proxy war to sanctions war
Hinnebusch, Raymond
University of St Andrews. School of International Relations
Syria
Proxy wars
Sanctions
Great powers
JZ International relations
Social Sciences(all)
T-NDAS
SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
MCC
This paper examines the latest phase in the Syrian conflict, roughly from 2015 to the current time, a period when agency has largely passed from Syrians to rival great powers which have become the ultimate shapers of developments, above all Russia and the US, but with China recently playing a greater role. Russian and American foreign policy goals in Syria are outlined; next analyzed is how their intervention helped shape a semi-proxy war in Syria. Then the transition to a sanctions war over reconstruction is examined: the various phase of sanctions inflicted on Syria and their impact on it. Then the case of Syrian sanctions is located within the global battle between Washington’s “sanctions hegemony,” and rival great powers seeking a multipolar world, including a look at the impact of the Ukraine war on this contest and on the battle for Syria. Finally attempts at push back by global and regional players against US sanctioning of Syria are examined. The paper ends with a conclusion summarizing how the global struggle has affected Syria and how outcomes in Syria will affect the latter.
2024-01-26T11:30:06Z
2024-01-26T11:30:06Z
2023-07-26
Journal article
Hinnebusch , R 2023 , ' Great power competition in Syria : from proxy war to sanctions war ' , Syria Studies , vol. 15 , no. 1 , 1 , pp. 1-51 . < https://ojs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.php/syria/article/view/2632 >
2051-1353
ORCID: /0000-0001-5800-6606/work/140830378
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29080
https://ojs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.php/syria/article/view/2632
eng
Syria Studies
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/230502024-03-14T00:44:51Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-04-19T10:30:20Z
urn:hdl:10023/23050
Tropicality and the choc en retour of Covid-19 and climate change
Clayton, Dan
University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development
University of St Andrews. Geographies of Sustainability, Society, Inequalities and Possibilities
Covid-19
Climate change
Choc en retour
Tropicality
Aimé Césaire
G Geography (General)
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
T-NDAS
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
SDG 13 - Climate Action
AC
This article reads ‘pandemic, plague, pestilence and the tropics’ through Covid-19, climate change and the discourse of tropicality. It asks: What happens, as seems to be the case today, when the temperate/tropical oppositions around which tropicality revolves start to unravel because the aberrations and excesses (here of epidemic disease and extreme weather) hitherto deemed to belong to tropical areas, and as constitutive of their otherness, are found in temperate ones? This question is broached with a focus on the United Kingdom as one such ‘temperate’ place that currently finds itself in this situation (although the argument has broader resonance), and with Aimé Césaire’s ideas about the choc en retour (boomerang effect) of Western colonisation and la quotidienneté des barbaries (the daily barbarisms) by which this effect works. Evidence and feelers from science, theory, politics, and the media are used to consider how sensibilities of tropicality, and especially (as Césaire enquired) distinctions between the ‘normal’ and ‘pathological,’ and ‘immunity’ and ‘susceptibility,’ permeate the way Covid-19 and climate change are perceived and felt in the temperate world.
2021-04-19T10:30:20Z
2021-04-19T10:30:20Z
2021-04-19
Journal article
Clayton , D 2021 , ' Tropicality and the choc en retour of Covid-19 and climate change ' , eTropic: Electronic Journal of Studies in the Tropics , vol. 20 , no. 1 , pp. 54-93 . https://doi.org/10.25120/etropic.20.1.2021.3787
1448-2940
ORCID: /0000-0003-2557-5495/work/92775831
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/23050
10.25120/etropic.20.1.2021.3787
eng
eTropic: Electronic Journal of Studies in the Tropics
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/85842022-05-30T11:30:19Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2016-04-08T15:30:03Z
urn:hdl:10023/8584
Spitzer observations of OGLE-2015-BLG-1212 reveal a new path toward breaking strong microlens degeneracies
Bozza, V.
Shvartzvald, Y.
Udalski, A.
Calchi Novati, S.
Bond, I. A.
Han, C.
Hundertmark, M.
Poleski, R.
Pawlak, M.
Szymański, M. K.
Skowron, J.
Mróz, P.
Kozłowski, S.
Wyrzykowski, Ł.
Pietrukowicz, P.
Soszyński, I.
Ulaczyk, K.
Beichman, C.
Bryden, G.
Carey, S.
Fausnaugh, M.
Gaudi, B. S.
Gould, A.
Henderson, C. B.
Pogge, R. W.
Wibking, B.
Yee, J. C.
Zhu, W.
Abe, F.
Asakura, Y.
Barry, R. K.
Bennett, D. P.
Bhattacharya, A.
Donachie, M.
Freeman, M.
Fukui, A.
Hirao, Y.
Inayama, K.
Itow, Y.
Koshimoto, N.
Li, M. C. A.
Ling, C. H.
Masuda, K.
Matsubara, Y.
Muraki, Y.
Nagakane, M.
Nishioka, T.
Ohnishi, K.
Oyokawa, H.
Rattenbury, N.
Saito, To.
Sharan, A.
Sullivan, D. J.
Sumi, T.
Suzuki, D.
Tristram, P. J.
Wakiyama, Y.
Yonehara, A.
Choi, J.-Y.
Park, H.
Jung, Y. K.
Shin, I.-G.
Albrow, M. D.
Park, B.-G.
Kim, S.-L.
Lee, C.-U.
Cha, S.-M.
Kim, D.-J.
Lee, Y.
Dominik, M.
Jørgensen, U. G.
Andersen, M. I.
Bramich, D. M.
Burgdorf, M. J.
Ciceri, S.
D’Ago, G.
Evans, D. F.
Figuera Jaimes, R.
Gu, S.-H.
Hinse, T. C.
Kains, N.
Kerins, E.
Korhonen, H.
Kuffmeier, M.
Mancini, L.
Popovas, A.
Rabus, M.
Rahvar, S.
Rasmussen, R. T.
Scarpetta, G.
Skottfelt, J.
Snodgrass, C.
Southworth, J.
Surdej, J.
Unda-Sanzana, E.
von Essen, C.
Wang, Y.-B.
Wertz, O.
Maoz, D.
Friedmann, M.
Kaspi, S.
The Royal Society
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
Binaries: general
Galaxy: bulge
Gravitational lensing: micro
Planets and satellites: detection
Space vehicles
QC Physics
QB Astronomy
NDAS
The OGLE project has received funding from the National Science Centre, Poland, grant MAESTRO 2014/14/A/ST9/00121 to A.U. Work by Y.S. and C.B.H. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Work by C.H. was supported by Creative Research Initiative Program (2009-0081561) of National Research Foundation of Korea. J.C.Y., A.G., and S.C.N. acknowledge support by JPL grant 1500811. Work by W.Z. and A.G. was supported by NSF AST 1516842. Work by J.C.Y. was performed under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. T.S. acknowledges the financial support from the JSPS, JSPS23103002, JSPS24253004, and JSPS26247023. The MOA project is supported by grants JSPS25103508 and JSPS23340064.
Spitzer microlensing parallax observations of OGLE-2015-BLG-1212decisively break a degeneracy between planetary and binary solutionsthat is somewhat ambiguous when only ground-based data are considered.Only eight viable models survive out of an initial set of 32 localminima in the parameter space. These models clearly indicate that thelens is a stellar binary system possibly located within the bulge of ourGalaxy, ruling out the planetary alternative. We argue that severaltypes of discrete degeneracies can be broken via such space-basedparallax observations.
2016-04-08T15:30:03Z
2016-04-08T15:30:03Z
2016-03-21
Journal article
Bozza , V , Shvartzvald , Y , Udalski , A , Calchi Novati , S , Bond , I A , Han , C , Hundertmark , M , Poleski , R , Pawlak , M , Szymański , M K , Skowron , J , Mróz , P , Kozłowski , S , Wyrzykowski , Ł , Pietrukowicz , P , Soszyński , I , Ulaczyk , K , Beichman , C , Bryden , G , Carey , S , Fausnaugh , M , Gaudi , B S , Gould , A , Henderson , C B , Pogge , R W , Wibking , B , Yee , J C , Zhu , W , Abe , F , Asakura , Y , Barry , R K , Bennett , D P , Bhattacharya , A , Donachie , M , Freeman , M , Fukui , A , Hirao , Y , Inayama , K , Itow , Y , Koshimoto , N , Li , M C A , Ling , C H , Masuda , K , Matsubara , Y , Muraki , Y , Nagakane , M , Nishioka , T , Ohnishi , K , Oyokawa , H , Rattenbury , N , Saito , T , Sharan , A , Sullivan , D J , Sumi , T , Suzuki , D , Tristram , P J , Wakiyama , Y , Yonehara , A , Choi , J-Y , Park , H , Jung , Y K , Shin , I-G , Albrow , M D , Park , B-G , Kim , S-L , Lee , C-U , Cha , S-M , Kim , D-J , Lee , Y , Dominik , M , Jørgensen , U G , Andersen , M I , Bramich , D M , Burgdorf , M J , Ciceri , S , D’Ago , G , Evans , D F , Figuera Jaimes , R , Gu , S-H , Hinse , T C , Kains , N , Kerins , E , Korhonen , H , Kuffmeier , M , Mancini , L , Popovas , A , Rabus , M , Rahvar , S , Rasmussen , R T , Scarpetta , G , Skottfelt , J , Snodgrass , C , Southworth , J , Surdej , J , Unda-Sanzana , E , von Essen , C , Wang , Y-B , Wertz , O , Maoz , D , Friedmann , M & Kaspi , S 2016 , ' Spitzer observations of OGLE-2015-BLG-1212 reveal a new path toward breaking strong microlens degeneracies ' , Astrophysical Journal , vol. 820 , no. 1 , 79 . https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/79
0004-637X
PURE: 241822461
PURE UUID: 93b0c9cb-4c01-4311-a76b-05ec398150e4
BibCode: 2016ApJ...820...79B
Scopus: 84961575256
WOS: 000372787000078
ORCID: /0000-0002-3202-0343/work/75996741
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8584
https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/79
UF100010 / UF130581
eng
Astrophysical Journal
© 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at: https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/79
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/212522023-04-26T00:07:30Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-01-09T00:38:55Z
urn:hdl:10023/21252
‘All in one’ photo-reactor pod containing TiO2 coated glass beads and LEDs for continuous photocatalytic destruction of cyanotoxins in water
Gunaratne, Nimal
Pestana, Carlos
Skillen, Nathan
Hui, Jianing
Rajendran, Saravanan
Edwards, Christine
Irvine, John Thomas Sirr
Robertson, Peter
Lawton, Linda
EPSRC
EPSRC
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. Centre for Designer Quantum Materials
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
QD Chemistry
DAS
SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation
Authors wish to thank EPSRC Global Challenges program for providing the funding for this project (Grant number EP/P029280/1). NS wishes to thank ‘Energy Pioneering Research Program (PRP)’ at QUB. JTSI and JH wish to acknowledge EPSRC Capital for Great Technologies (Grant EP/LP017008/1and EP/R02375/1).
Blooms of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in water reservoirs frequently produce highly toxic secondary metabolites including microcystins which have resulted in both human and animal fatalities. To tackle this global problem, we present here a viable solution: utilising the photo-catalytic power of TiO2 immobilised on glass beads that are encased in ‘photo-reactor pods’, equipped with UV LEDs, for the photocatalytic destruction of cyanotoxins. These reactor pods are designed in such a way that they can be used continuously with the aid of a power supply to facilitate the photocatalytic process. This process could be used to address one of the Global Challenges: providing safe drinking water around the globe.
2021-01-09T00:38:55Z
2021-01-09T00:38:55Z
2020-04
2021-01-09
Journal article
Gunaratne , N , Pestana , C , Skillen , N , Hui , J , Rajendran , S , Edwards , C , Irvine , J T S , Robertson , P & Lawton , L 2020 , ' ‘All in one’ photo-reactor pod containing TiO 2 coated glass beads and LEDs for continuous photocatalytic destruction of cyanotoxins in water ' , Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology , vol. 6 , no. 4 , pp. 945-950 . https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00711c
2053-1400
PURE: 267283387
PURE UUID: 1cace93b-8546-439c-ba52-d650536b50df
ORCID: /0000-0002-8394-3359/work/71954821
Scopus: 85083090486
WOS: 000525041900024
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21252
https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00711c
EP/P029280/1
EP/R023751/1
eng
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EW00711C
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/66242022-04-05T15:31:05Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2015-05-06T16:01:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/6624
"Something that unites us all” : understandings of St. Patrick’s Day parades as representing the Irish national group
O'Donnell, Aisling
Muldoon, Orla
Blaylock, Danielle
Stevenson, Clifford
Bryan, Dominic
Reicher, Stephen David
Pehrson, Samuel David
Economic & Social Research Council
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
National identity
Social identity
Parades
Rituals
Thematic analysis
Crown psychology
BF Psychology
NDAS
The present study investigates how attendees at national celebratory crowd events – specifically St. Patrick’s Day parades – understand the role of such events in representing and uniting the national community. We conducted semi-structured interviews with people who attended St. Patrick’s Day parades in either Dublin or Belfast. In year 1, full-length interviews were conducted before and after the events (N=17), and in years 1 and 2, shorter interviews were conducted during the events (year 1 N=170; year 2 N=142). Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis, allowing the identification of three broad themes. Participants reported that (a) the events extend the boundary of the national group, using participation to define who counts as Irish; (b) the events strategically represent the nature of the national group, maximising positive images and managing stereotypical representations (c) symbolism serves to unify the group but can also disrupt already fragile unity and so must be managed. Overall, this points to a strategic identity dimension to these crowd events. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research in terms of the role of large scale celebratory events in the strategic representation of everyday social identities.
2015-05-06T16:01:02Z
2015-05-06T16:01:02Z
2016-01-11
Journal article
O'Donnell , A , Muldoon , O , Blaylock , D , Stevenson , C , Bryan , D , Reicher , S D & Pehrson , S D 2016 , ' "Something that unites us all” : understandings of St. Patrick’s Day parades as representing the Irish national group ' , Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology , vol. 26 , no. 1 , pp. 61-74 . https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2236
1052-9284
PURE: 182354744
PURE UUID: bb09ab7e-7cda-4c8a-af8b-391539168c0c
Scopus: 84954388676
ORCID: /0000-0002-9259-6408/work/60196846
WOS: 000368016200005
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6624
https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2236
RES-062-23-1140
eng
Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology
© 2015 The Authors. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/209582024-03-17T00:44:24Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2020-11-12T15:30:24Z
urn:hdl:10023/20958
Alcohol production and consumption in contemporary Europe : identity, practice, and power through wine
Ferris, Kate
Moss, Stella
Arts and Humanities Research Council
University of St Andrews. School of History
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Institute for Transnational & Spatial History
Alcohol consumption production Europe 20-th century
D901 Europe (General)
SB Plant culture
T-NDAS
Funding: UK Arts and Humanities Reserach Council grant AH/L007436/1.
Introduction to a Special Issue.
2020-11-12T15:30:24Z
2020-11-12T15:30:24Z
2020-11
Journal article
Ferris , K & Moss , S 2020 , ' Alcohol production and consumption in contemporary Europe : identity, practice, and power through wine ' , Contemporary European History , vol. 29 , no. 4 , pp. 373-379 . https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960777320000399
0960-7773
ORCID: /0000-0002-3707-5618/work/83481702
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/20958
10.1017/S0960777320000399
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/contemporary-european-history/article/alcohol-production-and-consumption-in-contemporary-europe-identity-practice-and-power-through-wine/FD3D71B292E6F2B66869682DA395A15D/share/5e608adb69bfaf9cc9e5930082187683fcd5a72e
AH/L007436/1
eng
Contemporary European History
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/83552022-04-05T15:31:18Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2016-03-03T10:40:05Z
urn:hdl:10023/8355
The influence of water motion on the growth rate of the kelp Laminaria digitata
Kregting, Louise
Blight, Andrew J.
Elsäßer, Björn
Savidge, Graham
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Sediment Ecology Research Group
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
Hydrodynamics
Light
Macroalgae
Nutrients
Productivity
NDAS
The work described in this paper was produced as part of SuperGen Marine Energy Research Consortium II, which was funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (grant number EP/E040136/1).
The shallow water kelp Laminaria digitata, abundant in coastal zones of the North Atlantic, is exposed to a range of hydrodynamic environments that makes it ideal for assessing the role of water motion on their growth rate. Here we quantify the growth of L. digitata, as a factor of blade and stipe elongation, at sites adjacent to Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland under different hydrodynamic conditions over a one year period. A modelling approach was used to numerically determine both the temporal and spatial variability of the hydrodynamic environment. Ambient seawater nutrient concentrations, temperature and irradiance were measured as well as the internal nutrient status of the L. digitata populations. Kelp populations growing in the greatest and lowest water motion showed the lowest growth rates. Differences observed in growth rate could not be attributed to seawater nutrient availability, temperature or light. The internal nutrient status also suggested no influence on the observed differences in growth rate. Therefore if there are minimal differences in light, temperature and nutrients between sites, then populations of L. digitata exposed to different water motions are likely to exhibit different growth rates. It is suggested that the growth rate differences observed were a function of water motion with the possibility that, in response to the hydrodynamic forces experienced by the algal cells, L. digitata kelps in the high energy environments were putting more energy into strengthening cell walls rather than blade elongation.
2016-03-03T10:40:05Z
2016-03-03T10:40:05Z
2016-05
Journal article
Kregting , L , Blight , A J , Elsäßer , B & Savidge , G 2016 , ' The influence of water motion on the growth rate of the kelp Laminaria digitata ' , Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol. 478 , pp. 86-95 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.02.006
0022-0981
PURE: 241405803
PURE UUID: c0615e92-3734-4f3e-bc34-deab314fbbb4
RIS: urn:0CFD8AC30F598726AA7E68AF23A5A296
Scopus: 84959450134
WOS: 000374200200011
ORCID: /0000-0002-9665-8813/work/76386979
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8355
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.02.006
eng
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
© 2016 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license, which permits copy and redistribution of the material in any medium or format. You must provide appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may not use the material for commercial purposes. If you remix, transform or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/199082024-03-02T00:39:56Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2020-05-10T23:34:56Z
urn:hdl:10023/19908
Honeybee activity monitoring in a biohybrid system for explosives detection
Simić, Mitar
Gillanders, Ross Neil
Avramović, Aleksej
Gajić, Slavica
Jovanović, Vedran
Stojnić, Vladan
Risojević, Vladimir
Glackin, James
Turnbull, Graham Alexander
Filipi, Janja
Kezić, Nikola
Muštra, Mario
Babić, Zdenka
Badnjevic, Almir
Škrbić, Ranko
Gurbeta Pokvić, Lejla
NATO
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. Sir James Mackenzie Institute for Early Diagnosis
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biophotonics
Biosensors
Explosive detection
Honeybees
Organic-based explosive vapor sensing films
UAV
QC Physics
QH301 Biology
T Technology
NDAS
Free-flying honeybees can electrostatically collect particles from air in the flying and foraging areas, which in conjunction with organic-based explosive vapor sensing films, placed at the entrance to the beehive, can be used as a passive explosive sensing mechanism. Moreover, bees can be trained to actively search for a smell of explosive. Using trained honeybees in conjunction with a system for honeybee localization enables generation of a spatial-time honeybee density map, where the most visited places point to suspicious areas. In both methods (passive and active), bees’ activity monitoring plays a significant role, providing information about environmental parameters and activities of bees at the entrance and exit of a beehive. In this paper we present the design and realization of an electronic system for bee activity monitoring at the front of a hive while using bees for explosive detection. The system also monitors air temperature and relative humidity. Results obtained to date from activity monitoring are useful in planning testing activities within our active and passive method, as it can determine the optimal period of the day and environmental parameters in which bees are most active.
2020-05-10T23:34:56Z
2020-05-10T23:34:56Z
2019
2020-05-11
Conference item
Simić , M , Gillanders , R N , Avramović , A , Gajić , S , Jovanović , V , Stojnić , V , Risojević , V , Glackin , J , Turnbull , G A , Filipi , J , Kezić , N , Muštra , M & Babić , Z 2019 , Honeybee activity monitoring in a biohybrid system for explosives detection . in A Badnjevic , R Škrbić & L Gurbeta Pokvić (eds) , CMBEBIH 2019 : Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering, 16 ̶̶ 18 May 2019, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina . IFMBE Proceedings , vol. 73 , Springer , Cham , pp. 185-192 , International Conference on Medical and BIological Engineering (CMBEBIH 2019) , Banja Luka , Bosnia and Herzegovina , 16/05/19 . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17971-7_29
conference
9783030179700
9783030179717
1680-0737
ORCID: /0000-0002-8825-3234/work/57821933
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/19908
10.1007/978-3-030-17971-7_29
MYP G5355
eng
CMBEBIH 2019
IFMBE Proceedings
Springer
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/286822024-03-02T00:48:16Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2023-11-13T12:30:08Z
urn:hdl:10023/28682
Silvina Montrul, Native speakers, interrupted: differential object marking and language change in heritage languages
Hopkyns, Sarah
University of St Andrews. International Education Institute
P Philology. Linguistics
SILVINA MONTRUL, Native speakers, interrupted: Differential object marking and language change in heritage languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. Pp. 324. Hb. £85.
2023-11-13T12:30:08Z
2023-11-13T12:30:08Z
2024-04
Journal item
Hopkyns , S 2024 , ' Silvina Montrul, Native speakers, interrupted: differential object marking and language change in heritage languages ' , Language in Society , vol. 53 , no. 2 .
0047-4045
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/28682
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/language-in-society
eng
Language in Society
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/246332024-03-08T00:44:29Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2022-01-10T16:30:17Z
urn:hdl:10023/24633
Open Science – for whom?
Dominik, Martin
Nzweundji, Justine Germo
Ahmed, Nova
Carnicelli, Sandro
Mat Jalaluddin, Nurzatil Sharleeza
Fernandez Rivas, David
Narita, Vanny
Enany, Shymaa
Rios Rojas, Clarissa
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science
Open Science
Global equity
Strategic Development Goals
Open Access
Research culture
Q Science
SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities
Who can participate in Open Science and whose interests are served? Open Science in principle holds the potential to reduce inequality, but this is not going to happen unless it operates within a consistent framework and environment that supports this goal. Unequal power and opportunities from institutional to global level constitutes a major obstacle to human development, while we need to appreciate diversity as a key asset. How can we build an equitable global research ecosystem in accordance with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development that recognises science as a global common good and an integral part of the shared cultural heritage of humankind?
2022-01-10T16:30:17Z
2022-01-10T16:30:17Z
2022-01-10
Journal item
Dominik , M , Nzweundji , J G , Ahmed , N , Carnicelli , S , Mat Jalaluddin , N S , Fernandez Rivas , D , Narita , V , Enany , S & Rios Rojas , C 2022 , ' Open Science – for whom? ' , Data Science Journal , vol. 21 , 1 , pp. 1-8 . https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2022-001
1683-1470
crossref: 10.5334/dsj-2022-001
ORCID: /0000-0002-3202-0343/work/106397355
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/24633
10.5334/dsj-2022-001
eng
Data Science Journal
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/182262023-04-18T23:53:46Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2019-07-31T23:41:45Z
urn:hdl:10023/18226
On the number of subsemigroups of direct products involving the free monogenic semigroup
Clayton, Ashley
Ruskuc, Nikola
University of St Andrews. Pure Mathematics
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Computational Algebra
Subdirect product
Subsemigroup
Free mongenic semigroup
QA Mathematics
T-NDAS
The direct product ℕ x ℕ of two free monogenic semigroups contains uncountably many pairwise nonisomorphic subdirect products. Furthermore, the following hold for ℕ x S, where S is a finite semigroup. It contains only countably manypairwise non-isomorphic subsemigroups if and only if S is a union of groups. And it contains only countably many pairwise nonisomorphic subdirect products if and only if every element of S has a relative left or right identity element.
2019-07-31T23:41:45Z
2019-07-31T23:41:45Z
2019-02-01
2019-08-01
Journal article
Clayton , A & Ruskuc , N 2019 , ' On the number of subsemigroups of direct products involving the free monogenic semigroup ' , Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society , vol. First View . https://doi.org/10.1017/S1446788718000605
1446-7887
PURE: 256432336
PURE UUID: baf58f2a-563b-4dc8-8a5b-322c86ebcc0b
Scopus: 85061003671
ORCID: /0000-0003-2415-9334/work/73702042
WOS: 000545633100003
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18226
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1446788718000605
eng
Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society
© 2019 Australian Mathematical Publishing Association Inc. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher's policies. This is the author created accepted version manuscript following peer review and as such may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1017/S1446788718000605
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/46302023-04-18T09:41:51Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2014-04-28T12:01:03Z
urn:hdl:10023/4630
Micro-expression recognition training in medical students: a pilot study
Endres, Jennifer
Laidlaw, Anita Helen
University of St Andrews. Centre for Higher Education Research
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Medical education
Facial expression
Communication
R Medicine (General)
L Education (General)
Background: Patients provide emotional cues during consultations which may be verbal or non-verbal. Many studies focus on patient verbal cues as predictors of physicians' ability to recognize and address patient needs but this project focused on non-verbal cues in the form of facial micro-expressions. This pilot study investigated first year medical students' (n = 75) identified as being either good or poor communicators abilities to detect emotional micro-expressions before and after training using the Micro Expression Training Tool (METT) http://www.mettonline.com. Methods: The sample consisted of 24 first year medical students, 9 were from the lowest performance quartile in a communication skills OS CE (Objective Structured Clinical Exam) station and 15 were from the highest performance quartile. These students completed the METT individually, recording pre- and post-assessment scores. Students were also invited to provide their views on the training. Results: No difference in pre-assessment scores was found between the lowest and highest quartile groups (P = 0.797). Af ter training, students in the high quartile showed significant improvement in the recognition of facial micro-expressions (P = 0.014). The lowest quartile students showed no improvement (P = 0.799). Conclusion: In conclusion, this pilot study showed there was no difference between the ability of medical undergraduate students assessed as being good communicators and those assessed as poor communicators to identify facial micro-expressions. But, the study did highlight that those students demonstrating good general clinical communication benefited from the training aspect of the METT, whereas low performing students did not gain. Why this should be the case is not clear and further investigation should be carried out to determine why lowest quartile students did not benefit.
2014-04-28T12:01:03Z
2014-04-28T12:01:03Z
2009-07-20
Journal article
Endres , J & Laidlaw , A H 2009 , ' Micro-expression recognition training in medical students: a pilot study ' , BMC Medical Education , vol. 9 , no. 47 , 47 . https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-9-47
PURE: 3409044
PURE UUID: 2cf49f6d-bc10-4d3d-ae0b-4039c8aa964f
Scopus: 68749104763
ORCID: /0000-0003-1214-4100/work/59698700
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4630
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-9-47
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=68749104763&partnerID=8YFLogxK
http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6920-9-47.pdf
eng
BMC Medical Education
© 2009 Endres and Laidlaw; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/85762022-05-06T11:30:35Zcom_10023_64com_10023_22com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_65col_10023_880
2016-04-07T15:00:03Z
urn:hdl:10023/8576
Examining monetary policy transmission in the People's Republic of China – structural change models with a Monetary Policy Index
Egan, Paul Gerard
Leddin, Anthony J.
University of St Andrews. School of Economics and Finance
IS curve
Kalman filter
Monetary policy
People's Bank of China
Structural change
HB Economic Theory
The financial support of the Irish Research Council and The Paul Tansey Economics Postgraduate Research Scholarship is greatly appreciated.
This paper estimates augmented versions of the Investment–Saving curve for the People's Republic of China in an attempt to examine the relationship between monetary policy and the real economy. It endeavors to account for any structural break, nonlinearity, or asymmetry in the transmission process by estimating a breakpoint model and a Markov switching model. The Investment–Saving curve equations are estimated using a Monetary Policy Index, which has been calculated using the Kalman filter. This index will account for the various monetary policy tools, both quantitative and qualitative, that the People's Bank of China has used over the period 1991–2014. The results of this paper suggest that monetary policy has an asymmetric affect depending on the level of output in relation to potential, and that the People's Republic of China's exchange rate policy has restricted the effectiveness of the People's Bank of China's monetary policy response.
2016-04-07T15:00:03Z
2016-04-07T15:00:03Z
2016-03
Journal article
Egan , P G & Leddin , A J 2016 , ' Examining monetary policy transmission in the People's Republic of China – structural change models with a Monetary Policy Index ' , Asian Development Review , vol. 33 , no. 1 , pp. 74-110 . https://doi.org/10.1162/ADEV_a_00062
0116-1105
PURE: 241730792
PURE UUID: c1c9b2a0-9616-4e72-8497-76c9037cd3d4
Scopus: 84962644254
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8576
https://doi.org/10.1162/ADEV_a_00062
eng
Asian Development Review
© 2016 Asian Development Bank and Asian Development Bank Institute. This is an Open Access article. Articles in Asian Development Review are published under a CC BY 3.0 IGO license.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/244002024-03-07T00:44:49Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-11-25T15:30:05Z
urn:hdl:10023/24400
TEKA : a transnational network of Esperanto-speaking physicians
Koschek, Marcel
University of St Andrews. School of History
Internationalism
Network of physicians
Esperanto
Transnationalism
PM Hyperborean, Indian, and Artificial languages
R Medicine
3rd-DAS
NIS
The Tutmonda Esperanta Kuracista Asocio (Worldwide Esperanto Medical Association, TEKA) was founded in 1908 at the Fourth International Esperanto Congress in Dresden and was the international medical association of the Esperanto movement. The aim was to “facilitate practical relations between Esperanto-speaking doctors of all countries.” The interest within the Esperanto movement was immense: after one year, TEKA had more than 400 members all over the world with a focus on Europe; one year later, there were more than 600 members with official representatives in about 100 cities. In Europe, a medical press in Esperanto had already been established. The approach of these journals was both simple and brilliant: the doctors presented the latest medical findings from their home countries in a peer review system and critically examined the articles in their vernacular. This made each issue a compendium of the most important and pioneering findings of national research. The numerous experts also had many other connections with, for example, the Red Cross and similar organizations. Thus, after a short period of time, TEKA brought together the expertise of countless physicians. This paper examines TEKA as a transnational network of experts before World War I. The history of the association and the role of Medicine within the Esperanto movement are briefly discussed. The focus is then on the various association journals and the circulation of knowledge. Finally, the essay offers a look at TEKA’s cooperative endeavors with the Red Cross. It works from a transnational perspective and takes a close view of the actors and their personal backgrounds at appropriate points. Furthermore, lists of members and journal subscribers are provided in map form to make the global spread of the movement within medicine visible.
2021-11-25T15:30:05Z
2021-11-25T15:30:05Z
2021-06-01
Journal article
Koschek , M 2021 , ' TEKA : a transnational network of Esperanto-speaking physicians ' , The Hungarian Historical Review , vol. 10 , no. 2 , pp. 243-266 . https://doi.org/10.38145/2021.2.243
2063-8647
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/24400
10.38145/2021.2.243
eng
The Hungarian Historical Review
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/279392024-03-19T00:44:48Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2023-07-11T23:37:55Z
urn:hdl:10023/27939
Mixed chiral and achiral character in substituted ethane : a next generation QTAIM perspective
Li, Zi
Xu, Tianlv
Früchtl, Herbert
van Mourik, Tanja
Kirk, Steven R.
Jenkins, Samantha
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Equality, Diversity & Inclusion
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Achiral
Chiral
Ethane
Next Generation QTAIM
Halogen
QD Chemistry
NDAS
MCC
Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China is gratefully acknowledged, project approval number: 21673071. The One Hundred Talents Foundation of Hunan Province is also gratefully acknowledged for the support of S.J. and S.R.K. H.F. and T.v.M. gratefully acknowledge computational support via the EaStCHEM Research Computing Facility.
We use the newly introduced spanning stress tensor trajectory Uσ-space construction within next generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules (NG-QTAIM) for a chirality investigation of singly and doubly substituted ethane with halogen substituents: F, Cl, Br. Singly substituted ethane was overall achiral comprising cancelling chiral components in Uσ-space. The resultant axial bond critical point (BCP) sliding responded more strongly to the increase in atomic number of the substituted halogen than the chirality. The presence of the very light F atom was found responsible for a very high degree of achiral character of the doubly substituted ethane.
2023-07-11T23:37:55Z
2023-07-11T23:37:55Z
2022-09-16
2023-07-12
Journal article
Li , Z , Xu , T , Früchtl , H , van Mourik , T , Kirk , S R & Jenkins , S 2022 , ' Mixed chiral and achiral character in substituted ethane : a next generation QTAIM perspective ' , Chemical Physics Letters , vol. 803 , 139762 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139762
0009-2614
RIS: urn:C03B615573EEAA2081FE384E59B6E020
ORCID: /0000-0001-7683-3293/work/116598016
ORCID: /0000-0001-6647-4266/work/116910224
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/27939
10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139762
https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.01260
eng
Chemical Physics Letters
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/283812024-03-20T16:30:07Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2023-09-14T15:30:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/28381
Cooling the optical-spin driven limit cycle oscillations of a levitated gyroscope
Arita, Yoshihiko
Simpson, Stephen
Bruce, Graham David
Wright, Ewan Malcolm
cz, Academy of sciences of
Dholakia, Kishan
EPSRC
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biophotonics
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. Sir James Mackenzie Institute for Early Diagnosis
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
QC Physics
DAS
Funding: Acknowledgements Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/P030017/1); Australian Research Council (DP220102303); Akademie vĕd České republiky (Praemium Academiae); Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15 003/0000476).
Birefringent microspheres, trapped in vacuum and set into rotation by circularly polarised light, demonstrate remarkably stable translational motion. This is in marked contrast to isotropic particles in similar conditions. Here we demonstrate that this stability is obtained because the fast rotation of these birefringent spheres reduces the effect of azimuthal spin forces created by the inhomogeneous optical spin of circularly polarised light. At reduced pressures, the unique profile of these rotationally averaged, effective azimuthal forces results in the formation of nano-scale limit cycles. We demonstrate feedback cooling of these non-equilibrium oscillators, resulting in effective temperatures on the order of a milliKelvin. The principles we elaborate here can inform the design of high-stability rotors carrying enhanced centripetal loads or result in more efficient cooling schemes for autonomous limit cycle oscillations. Ultimately, this latter development could provide experimental access to non-equilibrium quantum effects within the mesoscopic regime.
2023-09-14T15:30:02Z
2023-09-14T15:30:02Z
2023-09-01
Journal article
Arita , Y , Simpson , S , Bruce , G D , Wright , E M , cz , A O S O & Dholakia , K 2023 , ' Cooling the optical-spin driven limit cycle oscillations of a levitated gyroscope ' , Communications Physics , vol. 6 , 238 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-023-01336-4
2399-3650
ORCID: /0000-0003-3403-0614/work/142498976
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/28381
10.1038/s42005-023-01336-4
EP/P030017/1
eng
Communications Physics
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/38592024-03-27T00:40:52Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2013-07-23T09:31:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/3859
Cetacean abundance and distribution in European Atlantic shelf waters to inform conservation and management
Hammond, Philip Steven
Macleod, Kelly
Berggren, Per
Borchers, David Louis
Burt, M Louise
Cañadas, Ana
Desportes, Genevieve
Donovan, Greg P
Gilles, Anita
Gillespie, Douglas Michael
Gordon, Jonathan Charles David
Hiby, Lex
Kuklik, Iwona
Leaper, Russell
Lehnert, Kristina
Leopold, Mardik
Lovell, Philip
Øien, Nils
Paxton, Charles G. M.
Ridoux, Vincent
Rogan, Emer
Samarra, Filipa Isabel Pereira
Scheidat, Meike
Sequeira, Marina
Siebert, Ursula
Skov, Henrik
Swift, Rene James
Tasker, Mark
Teilmann, Jonas
Van Canneyt, Olivier
Vázquez, José Antonio
NERC
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews. Sound Tags Group
University of St Andrews. Bioacoustics group
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
Conservation status
North Sea
Line transect sampling
SCANS
Harbour porpoise
Bottlenose dolphin
Common dolphin
White-beaked dolphin
Minke whale
Bycatch
Habitats Directive
QH301 Biology
This article was made open access through BIS OA funding.
The European Union (EU) Habitats Directive requires Member States to monitor and maintain at favourable conservation status those species identified to be in need of protection, including all cetaceans. In July 2005 we surveyed the entire EU Atlantic continental shelf to generate robust estimates of abundance for harbour porpoise and other cetacean species. The survey used line transect sampling methods and purpose built data collection equipment designed to minimise bias in estimates of abundance. Shipboard transects covered 19,725 km in sea conditions ⩽Beaufort 4 in an area of 1,005,743 km2. Aerial transects covered 15,802 km in good/moderate conditions (⩽Beaufort 3) in an area of 364,371 km2. Thirteen cetacean species were recorded; abundance was estimated for harbour porpoise (375,358; CV = 0.197), bottlenose dolphin (16,485; CV = 0.422), white-beaked dolphin (16,536; CV = 0.303), short-beaked common dolphin (56,221; CV = 0.234) and minke whale (18,958; CV = 0.347). Abundance in 2005 was similar to that estimated in July 1994 for harbour porpoise, white-beaked dolphin and minke whale in a comparable area. However, model-based density surfaces showed a marked difference in harbour porpoise distribution between 1994 and 2005. Our results allow EU Member States to discharge their responsibilities under the Habitats Directive and inform other international organisations concerning the assessment of conservation status of cetaceans and the impact of bycatch at a large spatial scale. The lack of evidence for a change in harbour porpoise abundance in EU waters as a whole does not exclude the possibility of an impact of bycatch in some areas. Monitoring bycatch and estimation of abundance continue to be essential.
2013-07-23T09:31:02Z
2013-07-23T09:31:02Z
2013-08
Journal article
Hammond , P S , Macleod , K , Berggren , P , Borchers , D L , Burt , M L , Cañadas , A , Desportes , G , Donovan , G P , Gilles , A , Gillespie , D M , Gordon , J C D , Hiby , L , Kuklik , I , Leaper , R , Lehnert , K , Leopold , M , Lovell , P , Øien , N , Paxton , C G M , Ridoux , V , Rogan , E , Samarra , F I P , Scheidat , M , Sequeira , M , Siebert , U , Skov , H , Swift , R J , Tasker , M , Teilmann , J , Van Canneyt , O & Vázquez , J A 2013 , ' Cetacean abundance and distribution in European Atlantic shelf waters to inform conservation and management ' , Biological Conservation , vol. 164 , pp. 107-122 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.04.010
0006-3207
ORCID: /0000-0002-2381-8302/work/47531612
ORCID: /0000-0002-9350-3197/work/34033064
ORCID: /0000-0001-9628-157X/work/60427073
ORCID: /0000-0002-3944-0754/work/72842482
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/3859
10.1016/j.biocon.2013.04.010
NE/J020176/1
eng
Biological Conservation
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/132402024-02-15T00:47:41Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2018-04-26T15:30:05Z
urn:hdl:10023/13240
Influence of galactic arm scale dynamics on the molecular composition of the cold and dense ISM : I. Observed abundance gradients in dense clouds
Ruaud, M.
Wakelam, V.
Gratier, P.
Bonnell, I. A.
European Research Council
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
Astrochemistry
Galaxy: evolution
ISM: clouds
ISM: evolution
ISM: kinematics and dynamics
ISM: molecules
QB Astronomy
QC Physics
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science
NDAS
This work has been founded by the European Research Council (Starting Grant 3DICE, grant agreement 336474). The authors are also grateful to the CNRS program "Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire" (PCMI) co-funded by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for partial funding of their work. IAB gratefully acknowledges support from the ECOGAL project, grant agreement 291227, funded by the European Research Council under ERC-2011-ADG.
Aim. We study the effect of large scale dynamics on the molecular composition of the dense interstellar medium during the transition between diffuse to dense clouds. Methods. We followed the formation of dense clouds (on sub-parsec scales) through the dynamics of the interstellar medium at galactic scales. We used results from smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations from which we extracted physical parameters that are used as inputs for our full gas-grain chemical model. In these simulations, the evolution of the interstellar matter is followed for ~50 Myr. The warm low-density interstellar medium gas flows into spiral arms where orbit crowding produces the shock formation of dense clouds, which are held together temporarily by the external pressure. Results. We show that depending on the physical history of each SPH particle, the molecular composition of the modeled dense clouds presents a high dispersion in the computed abundances even if the local physical properties are similar. We find that carbon chains are the most affected species and show that these differences are directly connected to differences in (1) the electronic fraction, (2) the C/O ratio, and (3) the local physical conditions. We argue that differences in the dynamical evolution of the gas that formed dense clouds could account for the molecular diversity observed between and within these clouds. Conclusions. This study shows the importance of past physical conditions in establishing the chemical composition of the dense medium.
2018-04-26T15:30:05Z
2018-04-26T15:30:05Z
2018
Journal article
Ruaud , M , Wakelam , V , Gratier , P & Bonnell , I A 2018 , ' Influence of galactic arm scale dynamics on the molecular composition of the cold and dense ISM : I. Observed abundance gradients in dense clouds ' , Astronomy and Astrophysics , vol. 611 , A96 . https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731693
0004-6361
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/13240
10.1051/0004-6361/201731693
https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.06696
eng
Astronomy and Astrophysics
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/256102024-02-22T00:44:26Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2022-07-05T16:30:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/25610
Passive acoustic monitoring of animal populations with transfer learning
Dufourq, Emmanuel
Batist, Carly
Foquet, Ruben
Durbach, Ian
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
Bioacoustics
Convolutional neural networks
Deep learning
Transfer learning
Vocalisation classification
QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
QL Zoology
DAS
MCC
Funding: ED is supported by a research chairship from the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences South Africa. This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada , www.idrc.ca, and with financial support from the Government of Canada, provided through Global Affairs Canada (GAC) , www.international.gc.ca . This work was supported by funding from Microsoft's AI for Earth program.
Progress in deep learning, more specifically in using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the creation of classification models, has been tremendous in recent years. Within bioacoustics research, there has been a large number of recent studies that use CNNs. Designing CNN architectures from scratch is non-trivial and requires knowledge of machine learning. Furthermore, hyper-parameter tuning associated with CNNs is extremely time consuming and requires expensive hardware. In this paper we assess whether it is possible to build good bioacoustic classifiers by adapting and re-using existing CNNs pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset – instead of designing them from scratch, a strategy known as transfer learning that has proved highly successful in other domains. This study is a first attempt to conduct a large-scale investigation on how transfer learning can be used for passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), to simplify the implementation of CNNs and the design decisions when creating them, and to remove time consuming hyper-parameter tuning phases. We compare 12 modern CNN architectures across 4 passive acoustic datasets that target calls of the Hainan gibbon Nomascus hainanus, the critically endangered black-and-white ruffed lemur Varecia variegata, the vulnerable Thyolo alethe Chamaetylas choloensis, and the Pin-tailed whydah Vidua macroura. We focus our work on data scarcity issues by training PAM binary classification models very small datasets, with as few as 25 verified examples. Our findings reveal that transfer learning can result in up to 82% F1 score while keeping CNN implementation details to a minimum, thus rendering this approach accessible, easier to design, and speeding up further vocalisation annotations to create PAM robust models.
2022-07-05T16:30:02Z
2022-07-05T16:30:02Z
2022-09-01
Journal article
Dufourq , E , Batist , C , Foquet , R & Durbach , I 2022 , ' Passive acoustic monitoring of animal populations with transfer learning ' , Ecological Informatics , vol. 70 , 101688 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101688
1574-9541
RIS: urn:BE3CFFE68466E56FF511EEE2E5939F9B
ORCID: /0000-0003-0769-2153/work/115631015
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/25610
10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101688
eng
Ecological Informatics
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/73262023-04-18T10:00:55Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2015-08-25T14:40:01Z
urn:hdl:10023/7326
Peri-pubertal exposure to testicular hormones organizes response to novel environments and social behaviour in adult male rats
Brown, Gillian R.
Kulbarsh, Kyle D.
Spencer, Karen A.
Duval, Camille
The Wellcome Trust
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
Adolescence
Testosterone
Sex differences
Exploration
Sexual behavior
Castration
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
NDAS
BDC
Funding was received from the Wellcome Trust ISSF (grant ID 097831/Z/11/Z) scheme, awarded to the University of St Andrews.
Previous research has shown that exposure to testicular hormones during the peri-pubertal period of life has long-term, organizational effects on adult sexual behaviour and underlying neural mechanisms in laboratory rodents. However, the organizational effects of peri-pubertal testicular hormones on other aspects of behaviour and brain function are less well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of manipulating peri-pubertal testicular hormone exposure on later behavioural responses to novel environments and on hormone receptors in various brain regions that are involved in response to novelty. Male rodents generally spend less time in the exposed areas of novel environments than females, and this sex difference emerges during the peri-pubertal period. Male Lister-hooded rats (Rattus norvegicus) were castrated either before puberty or after puberty, then tested in three novel environments (elevated plus-maze, light–dark box, open field) and in an object/social novelty task in adulthood. Androgen receptor (AR), oestrogen receptor (ER1) and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRF-R2) mRNA expression were quantified in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and medial amygdala. The results showed that pre-pubertally castrated males spent more time in the exposed areas of the elevated-plus maze and light–dark box than post-pubertally castrated males, and also confirmed that peri-pubertal hormone exposure influences later response to an opposite-sex conspecific. Hormone receptor gene expression levels did not differ between pre-pubertally and post-pubertally castrated males in any of the brain regions examined. This study therefore demonstrates that testicular hormone exposure during the peri-pubertal period masculinizes later response to novel environments, although the neural mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.
2015-08-25T14:40:01Z
2015-08-25T14:40:01Z
2015-07
Journal article
Brown , G R , Kulbarsh , K D , Spencer , K A & Duval , C 2015 , ' Peri-pubertal exposure to testicular hormones organizes response to novel environments and social behaviour in adult male rats ' , Hormones and Behavior , vol. 73 , pp. 135–141 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.07.003
0018-506X
PURE: 199783314
PURE UUID: b19a8cdd-3136-42c5-ae12-c3b3d0692d0a
Scopus: 84937912725
ORCID: /0000-0002-0675-0780/work/60195746
WOS: 000360251800017
ORCID: /0000-0002-2851-9379/work/78204984
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7326
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.07.003
097831/z/11/z
eng
Hormones and Behavior
Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/48752023-04-25T23:38:50Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2014-06-12T11:01:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/4875
Improving skills and care standards in the support workforce for older people : a realist review
Rycroft-Malone, Jo
Burton, Chris
Hall, Beth
McCormack, Brendan
Nutley, Sandra Margaret
Seddon, Diane
Willians, Lynn
University of St Andrews. School of Management
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
This work is supported by the National Institute Health Research (NIHR) Grant no. 12/129/32. This project is commissioned by the NIHR Health Services and Delivery Research Programme.
Introduction: In the context of a population that is growing older, and a number of high-profile scandals about care standards in hospital and community settings, having a skilled and knowledgeable workforce caring for older people is an ethical and policy imperative. Support workers make up the majority of the workforce in health and social care services for older people (aged 65 years and over), and yet little is known about the best way to facilitate their development. Given this gap, this review will draw on evidence to address the question: how can workforce development interventions improve the skills and the care standards of support workers within older people’s health and social care services? Methods and analysis: As we are interested in how and why workforce development interventions might work, in what circumstances and with whom, we will conduct a realist review, sourcing evidence from health, social care, policing and education. The review will be conducted in four steps over 18 months to (1) construct a theoretical framework, that is, the review’s programme theories; (2) retrieve, review and synthesise evidence relating to interventions designed to develop the support workforce guided by the programme theories; (3) ‘test out’ our synthesis findings and refine the programme theories, establish their practical relevance/potential for implementation and (4) formulate recommendations about improvements to current workforce development interventions to contribute to the improvement of care standards in older people’s health and social care services, potentially transferable to other services. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is required to undertake this review. Knowledge exchange activities through stakeholder engagement and online postings are embedded throughout the lifetime of project. The main output from this review will be a theory driven framework for skill development for the support workforce in health and social care for older people. Trial registration number: CRD42013006283.
2014-06-12T11:01:02Z
2014-06-12T11:01:02Z
2014-05-30
Journal article
Rycroft-Malone , J , Burton , C , Hall , B , McCormack , B , Nutley , S M , Seddon , D & Willians , L 2014 , ' Improving skills and care standards in the support workforce for older people : a realist review ' , BMJ Open , vol. 4 , no. 5 , e005356 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005356
2044-6055
PURE: 127007389
PURE UUID: 10816454-c3cd-4365-b080-f61517876590
Scopus: 84901948163
WOS: 000336976900076
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4875
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005356
http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/5/e005356.full.pdf+html
eng
BMJ Open
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/53242023-04-26T00:23:34Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2014-09-02T11:31:03Z
urn:hdl:10023/5324
Combined information from Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography for enhanced diagnostic accuracy in tissue discrimination
Ashok, P.C.
Praveen, B.B.
Bellini, N.
Riches, A.
Dholakia, K.
Herrington, C.S.
Mahadevan-Jansen, Anita
Petrich, Wolfgang
European Commission
European Commission
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
QC Physics
R Medicine (General)
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
We thank the UK EPSRC for funding, the CR-UK/EPSRC/MRC/DoH (England) imaging programme, the European Union project FAMOS (FP7 ICT, contract no. 317744) and the European Union project IIIOS (FP7/2007-2013, contract no. 238802). We thank Tayside Tissue Bank for providing us with the tissue samples under request number TR000289. K.D. is a Royal Society-Wolfson Merit Award Holder.
Optical spectroscopy and imaging methods have proved to have potential to discriminate between normal and abnormal tissue types through minimally invasive procedures. Raman spectroscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) provides chemical and morphological information of tissues respectively, which are complementary to each other. When used individually they might not be able to obtain high enough sensitivity and specificity that is clinically relevant. In this study we combined Raman spectroscopy information with information obtained from OCT to enhance the sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between Colonic Adenocarcinoma from Normal Colon. OCT being an imaging technique, the information from this technique is conventionally analyzed qualitatively. To combine with Raman spectroscopy information, it was essential to quantify the morphological information obtained from OCT. Texture analysis was used to extract information from OCT images, which in-turn was combined with the information obtained from Raman spectroscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of the classifier was estimated using leave one out cross validation (LOOCV) method where support vector machine (SVM) was used for binary classification of the tissues. The sensitivity obtained using Raman spectroscopy and OCT individually was 89% and 78% respectively and the specificity was 77% and 74% respectively. Combining the information derived using the two techniques increased both sensitivity and specificity to 94% demonstrating that combining complementary optical information enhances diagnostic accuracy. These results demonstrate that a multimodal approach using Raman-OCT would be able to enhance the diagnostic accuracy for identifying normal and cancerous tissue types.
2014-09-02T11:31:03Z
2014-09-02T11:31:03Z
2014-03-04
Conference item
Ashok , P C , Praveen , B B , Bellini , N , Riches , A , Dholakia , K & Herrington , C S 2014 , Combined information from Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography for enhanced diagnostic accuracy in tissue discrimination . in A Mahadevan-Jansen & W Petrich (eds) , Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy VI : Advances in Research and Industry . vol. 8939 , Proceedings of SPIE , vol. 8839 , SPIE . https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2039855
9780819498526
1605-7422
PURE: 145284817
PURE UUID: bb6515fa-a7cd-4119-be60-2a609f69d947
Scopus: 84897389974
WOS: 000334098200012
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5324
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2039855
238802
317744
eng
Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy VI
Proceedings of SPIE
Copyright 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited.
SPIE
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/69552023-04-18T09:52:17Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2015-07-09T23:10:50Z
urn:hdl:10023/6955
African elephants (Loxodonta africana) recognize visual attention from face and body orientation
Smet, Anna F.
Byrne, Richard William
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
Perspective taking
Communication
Audience effect
Theory of mind
BF Psychology
QH301 Biology
BDC
This work was funded by the School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews.
How do animals determine when others are able and disposed to receive their communicative signals? In particular, it is futile to make a silent gesture when the intended audience cannot see it. Some non-human primates use the head and body orientation of their audience to infer visual attentiveness when signalling, but whether species relying less on visual information use such cues when producing visual signals is unknown. Here, we test whether African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are sensitive to the visual perspective of a human experimenter. We examined whether the frequency of gestures of head and trunk, produced to request food, was influenced by indications of an experimenter's visual attention. Elephants signalled significantly more towards the experimenter when her face was oriented towards them, except when her body faced away from them. These results suggest that elephants understand the importance of visual attention for effective communication.
2015-07-09T23:10:50Z
2015-07-09T23:10:50Z
2014-07
2015-07-10
Journal article
Smet , A F & Byrne , R W 2014 , ' African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ) recognize visual attention from face and body orientation ' , Biology Letters , vol. 10 , no. 7 , 20140428 . https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0428
1744-9561
PURE: 130501633
PURE UUID: 69d84622-f368-49a6-a039-0f1eeee2ebdb
Scopus: 84906071052
ORCID: /0000-0001-9862-9373/work/60630569
WOS: 000339170900012
PubMed: 25013015
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6955
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0428
eng
Biology Letters
© 2014 Royal Society. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published in the Biology Letters on 10 July 2014, available online: http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/7/20140428
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/293502024-03-03T12:30:24Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2024-02-26T12:30:08Z
urn:hdl:10023/29350
Abundance estimate of Eastern Caribbean sperm whales using large scale regional surveys
Vachon, Felicia
Rendell, Luke
Gero, Shane
Whitehead, Hal
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity
University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Bioacoustics group
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
NDAS
This research was funded by the National Geographic Society (NGS-62320R-19-2), the Agoa Sanctuary, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Animal Behavior Society and approved by the Dalhousie University Committee on Laboratory Animals.
2024-02-26T12:30:08Z
2024-02-26T12:30:08Z
2024-02-14
Journal article
Vachon , F , Rendell , L , Gero , S & Whitehead , H 2024 , ' Abundance estimate of Eastern Caribbean sperm whales using large scale regional surveys ' , Marine Mammal Science , vol. Early View , e13116 . https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.13116
0824-0469
RIS: urn:3546719DD0485CC3545F40120F43A6B1
ORCID: /0000-0002-1121-9142/work/154532103
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29350
10.1111/mms.13116
eng
Marine Mammal Science
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/215562023-04-26T00:22:23Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-03-04T16:30:01Z
urn:hdl:10023/21556
HBSC 2014 Survey in Scotland National Report
Currie, Candace
van der Sluijs, Winfried
Whitehead, Ross David
Currie, Dorothy Bruce
Rhodes, Gill
Neville, Fergus Gilmour
Inchley, Jo
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. WHO Collaborating Centre for International Child & Adolescent Health Policy
University of St Andrews. Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit
University of St Andrews. Public Health Group
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
RJ Pediatrics
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
2021-03-04T16:30:01Z
2021-03-04T16:30:01Z
2015-10
Report
Currie , C , van der Sluijs , W , Whitehead , R D , Currie , D B , Rhodes , G , Neville , F G & Inchley , J 2015 , HBSC 2014 Survey in Scotland National Report . Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit (CAHRU) , University of St Andrews .
PURE: 217318337
PURE UUID: 6f3ee572-a39a-4570-84a4-b3ff38e8939d
ORCID: /0000-0001-7377-4507/work/57568356
ORCID: /0000-0001-7321-9394/work/60196021
ORCID: /0000-0001-8322-8817/work/65014212
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21556
eng
Copyright © 2015 the Author(s). This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the final published version of the work.
Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit (CAHRU)
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/42502024-02-15T00:40:41Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2013-12-04T10:01:10Z
urn:hdl:10023/4250
Is bacterial persistence a social trait?
Gardner, Andy
West, Stuart A.
Griffin, Ashleigh S.
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
Bacterial evolution
Kin selection
Bacterial persistence
All three authors are supported by Royal Society fellowships.
The ability of bacteria to evolve resistance to antibiotics has been much reported in recent years. It is less well-known that within populations of bacteria there are cells which are resistant due to a non-inherited phenotypic switch to a slow-growing state. Although such 'persister' cells are receiving increasing attention, the evolutionary forces involved have been relatively ignored. Persistence has a direct benefit to cells because it allows survival during catastrophes-a form of bet-hedging. However, persistence can also provide an indirect benefit to other individuals, because the reduced growth rate can reduce competition for limiting resources. This raises the possibility that persistence is a social trait, which can be influenced by kin selection. We develop a theoretical model to investigate the social consequences of persistence. We predict that selection for persistence is increased when: (a) cells are related (e. g. a single, clonal lineage); and (b) resources are scarce. Our model allows us to predict how the level of persistence should vary with time, across populations, in response to intervention strategies and the level of competition. More generally, our results clarify the links between persistence and other bet-hedging or social behaviours.
2013-12-04T10:01:10Z
2013-12-04T10:01:10Z
2007-08
Journal article
Gardner , A , West , S A & Griffin , A S 2007 , ' Is bacterial persistence a social trait? ' , PLoS One , vol. 2 , no. 8 , e752 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000752
1932-6203
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/4250
10.1371/journal.pone.0000752
eng
PLoS One
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/231972024-03-03T00:45:13Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-05-17T09:30:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/23197
Primary trabeculectomy for advanced glaucoma : pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial (TAGS)
TAGS Study Group
King, Anthony J
Hudson, Jemma
Fernie, Gordon
Kernohan, Ashleigh
Azuara-Blanco, Augusto
Burr, Jennifer
Homer, Tara
Shabaninejad, Hosein
Sparrow, John M
Garway-Heath, David
Barton, Keith
Norrie, John
McDonald, Alison
Vale, Luke
MacLennan, Graeme
Kousha, Obaid
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division
RD Surgery
RE Ophthalmology
3rd-DAS
Funding: The project was funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme (project number 12/35/38). The Health Services Research Unit is funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates.
Objective : To determine whether primary trabeculectomy or primary medical treatment produces better outcomes in term of quality of life, clinical effectiveness, and safety in patients presenting with advanced glaucoma. Design : Pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial. Setting : 27 secondary care glaucoma departments in the UK. Participants : 453 adults presenting with newly diagnosed advanced open angle glaucoma in at least one eye (Hodapp classification) between 3 June 2014 and 31 May 2017. Interventions : Mitomycin C augmented trabeculectomy (n=227) and escalating medical management with intraocular pressure reducing drops (n=226). Main outcome measures : Primary outcome: vision specific quality of life measured with Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25) at 24 months. Secondary outcomes: general health status, glaucoma related quality of life, clinical effectiveness (intraocular pressure, visual field, visual acuity), and safety. Results : At 24 months, the mean VFQ-25 scores in the trabeculectomy and medical arms were 85.4 (SD 13.8) and 84.5 (16.3), respectively (mean difference 1.06, 95% confidence interval −1.32 to 3.43; P=0.38). Mean intraocular pressure was 12.4 (SD 4.7) mm Hg for trabeculectomy and 15.1 (4.8) mm Hg for medical management (mean difference −2.8 (−3.8 to −1.7) mm Hg; P<0.001). Adverse events occurred in 88 (39%) patients in the trabeculectomy arm and 100 (44%) in the medical management arm (relative risk 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 1.17; P=0.37). Serious side effects were rare. Conclusion : Primary trabeculectomy had similar quality of life and safety outcomes and achieved a lower intraocular pressure compared with primary medication.
2021-05-17T09:30:02Z
2021-05-17T09:30:02Z
2021-05-12
Journal article
TAGS Study Group , King , A J , Hudson , J , Fernie , G , Kernohan , A , Azuara-Blanco , A , Burr , J , Homer , T , Shabaninejad , H , Sparrow , J M , Garway-Heath , D , Barton , K , Norrie , J , McDonald , A , Vale , L , MacLennan , G & Kousha , O 2021 , ' Primary trabeculectomy for advanced glaucoma : pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial (TAGS) ' , BMJ , vol. 373 , n1014 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1014
0959-8138
Jisc: dd774d0b02534df98e0eabb5d243d03c
publisher-id: kina063068
ORCID: /0000-0002-9478-738X/work/93894252
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/23197
10.1136/bmj.n1014
eng
BMJ
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/231122022-12-20T11:30:19Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-05-04T15:30:08Z
urn:hdl:10023/23112
Review of automatic microexpression recognition in the past decade
Zhang, Liangfei
Arandjelović, Ognjen
University of St Andrews. School of Computer Science
Affective computing
Microexpression recognition
Emotion recognition
Microexpression database
Video feature extraction
Deep learning
BF Psychology
QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
L.Z. is funded by the China Scholarship Council—University of St Andrews Scholarships (No.201908060250).
Facial expressions provide important information concerning one’s emotional state. Unlike regular facial expressions, microexpressions are particular kinds of small quick facial movements, which generally last only 0.05 to 0.2 s. They reflect individuals’ subjective emotions and real psychological states more accurately than regular expressions which can be acted. However, the small range and short duration of facial movements when microexpressions happen make them challenging to recognize both by humans and machines alike. In the past decade, automatic microexpression recognition has attracted the attention of researchers in psychology, computer science, and security, amongst others. In addition, a number of specialized microexpression databases have been collected and made publicly available. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art automatic facial microexpression recognition work. To be specific, the features and learning methods used in automatic microexpression recognition, the existing microexpression data sets, the major outstanding challenges, and possible future development directions are all discussed.
2021-05-04T15:30:08Z
2021-05-04T15:30:08Z
2021-05-02
Journal item
Zhang , L & Arandjelović , O 2021 , ' Review of automatic microexpression recognition in the past decade ' , Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction , vol. 3 , no. 2 , pp. 414-434 . https://doi.org/10.3390/make3020021
2504-4990
PURE: 274063249
PURE UUID: cb4eca70-7329-4344-a638-2e356c1186fe
Jisc: 8c4ba34675244311859324bb8baeb037
WOS: 000646865400001
Scopus: 85114345630
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23112
https://doi.org/10.3390/make3020021
eng
Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction
Copyright © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/169402022-04-14T11:38:21Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2019-01-28T11:30:08Z
urn:hdl:10023/16940
Formation of metallacarboxylic acids through Hieber base reaction. A density functional theory study
Ahmad, Shahbaz
Berry, Elizabeth
Boyle, Conor
Hudson, Christopher
Ireland, Oliver W.
Thompson, Emily A.
Buehl, Michael
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Homogeneous catalysis
Water gas shift reaction
Hieber base reaction
Density functional theory
QD Chemistry
NDAS
We thank EaStCHEM and the School of Chemistry for support.
Using density functional theory (B97-D/ECP2/PCM//RI-BP86/ECP1 level), we have studied the effects of ligand variation on OH− uptake by transition-metal carbonyls (Hieber base reaction), i.e., LnM(CO) + OH− → [LnM(CO2H)]−, M = Fe, Ru, Os, L = CO, PMe3, PF3, py, bipy, Cl, H. The viability of this step depends notably on the nature of the co-ligands, and a large span of driving forces is predicted, ranging from ΔG = −144 kJ/mol to +122 kJ/mol. Based on evaluation of atomic charges from natural population analysis, it is the ability of the co-ligands to delocalize the additional negative charge (through their π-acidity) that is the key factor affecting the driving force for OH− uptake. Implications for the design of new catalysts for water gas shift reaction are discussed.
2019-01-28T11:30:08Z
2019-01-28T11:30:08Z
2019-02
2019-01-25
Journal article
Ahmad , S , Berry , E , Boyle , C , Hudson , C , Ireland , O W , Thompson , E A & Buehl , M 2019 , ' Formation of metallacarboxylic acids through Hieber base reaction. A density functional theory study ' , Journal of Molecular Modeling , vol. 25 , 45 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-018-3915-1
1610-2940
PURE: 256992172
PURE UUID: 375c7a5a-0def-46c3-b161-9e8a959c00ca
ORCID: /0000-0002-1095-7143/work/53548918
Scopus: 85060544253
WOS: 000456664900002
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16940
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-018-3915-1
eng
Journal of Molecular Modeling
Copyright © The Author(s) 2019. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/95782023-04-25T23:46:04Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2016-09-29T16:30:11Z
urn:hdl:10023/9578
Human IFIT1 inhibits mRNA translation of rubulaviruses but not other members of the Paramyxoviridae family
Young, D. F.
Andrejeva, J.
Li, X
Inesta-Vaquera, F.
Dong, C.
Cowling, V. H.
Goodbourn, S.
Randall, R. E.
The Wellcome Trust
Medical Research Council
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
QR355 Virology
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
This work was supported by The Welcome Trust (101788/Z/13/Z, 101792/Z/13/Z) and Medical research council grant (G1100110/1, MR/K024213/1).
We have previously shown that IFIT1 is primarily responsible for the antiviral action of interferon (IFN) alpha/beta against parainfluenza virus (PIV) type 5, selectively inhibiting the translation of PIV5 mRNAs. Here we report that whilst PIV2, PIV5 and mumps virus (MuV) are sensitive to IFIT1, non-rubulavirus members of the paramyxoviridae such as PIV3, Sendai virus (SeV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) are resistant. The IFIT1-sensitivity of PIV5 was not rescued by co-infection with an IFIT1-resistant virus (PIV3), demonstrating that PIV3 does not specifically inhibit the antiviral activity of IFIT1 and that the inhibition of PIV5 mRNAs is regulated by cis-acting elements. We developed an in vitro translation system using purified human IFIT1 to further investigate the mechanism of action of IFIT1. Whilst the translation of PIV2, PIV5 and MuV mRNAs were directly inhibited by IFIT1, the translation of PIV3, SeV and CDV mRNAs were not. Using purified human mRNA capping enzymes we show biochemically that efficient inhibition by IFIT1 is dependent upon a 5’ guanosine nucleoside cap (which need not be N7-methylated) and that this sensitivity is partly abrogated by 2’ O methylation of the cap 1 ribose. Intriguingly, PIV5 M mRNA, in contrast to NP mRNA, remained sensitive to inhibition by IFIT1 following in vitro 2’ O methylation, suggesting that other structural features of mRNAs may influence their sensitivity to IFIT1. Thus, surprisingly, the viral polymerases (which have 2’ -O-methyltransferase activity) of rubulaviruses do not protect these viruses from inhibition by IFIT1. Possible biological consequences of this are discussed. Importance Paramyxoviruses cause a wide variety of diseases and yet most of their genes encode for structural proteins and proteins involved in their replication cycle. Thus the amount of genetic information that determines the type of disease paramyxoviruses cause is relatively small. One factor that will influence disease outcomes is how they interact with innate host cell defences, including the interferon (IFN) system. Here we show that different paramyxoviruses interact in distinct ways with cells in a pre-existing IFN-induced antiviral state. Strikingly, all the rubulaviruses tested were sensitive to the antiviral action of ISG56/IFIT1, whilst all the other paramyxoviruses tested were resistant. We developed novel in vitro biochemical assays to investigate the mechanism of action of IFIT1, demonstrating that the mRNAs of rubulaviruses can be directly inhibited by IFIT1 and that this is at least partially because their mRNAs are not correctly methylated.
2016-09-29T16:30:11Z
2016-09-29T16:30:11Z
2016-10
Journal article
Young , D F , Andrejeva , J , Li , X , Inesta-Vaquera , F , Dong , C , Cowling , V H , Goodbourn , S & Randall , R E 2016 , ' Human IFIT1 inhibits mRNA translation of rubulaviruses but not other members of the Paramyxoviridae family ' , Journal of Virology , vol. 90 , no. 20 , pp. 9446-9456 . https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01056-16
0022-538X
PURE: 245028933
PURE UUID: 8314cf64-0be6-48c6-a8bd-f28ef9e80b9a
Bibtex: urn:15c0f55e58b71ef093b1def0f79e76a9
Scopus: 84990026732
ORCID: /0000-0002-9304-6678/work/60426991
WOS: 000384574900047
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9578
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01056-16
101788/Z/13/Z
G1100110
eng
Journal of Virology
Copyright © 2016 Young et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/284812024-03-23T00:45:45Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2023-09-30T23:36:43Z
urn:hdl:10023/28481
Thinner bodies are preferred in China compared to Britain but are not seen as healthier
Lei, Xue
Perrett, David Ian
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
Attractiveness
Health
Adaptation
China
Britain
BMI
BF Psychology
DAS
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Differences in preferences for body size between cultures are well documented. A well known explanation is that differences are a result of psychological adaptation to local environments. Since the optimal body size (often measured as Body Mass Index/BMI, weight divided by squared height kg/m2) for health differs between areas, the attractiveness and health judgements should also be different. Until now, no study has directly tested whether the difference in attractiveness perception is accompanied by a difference in health perception. In the current study, we compared the attractiveness and health judgements of male and female bodies varying in BMI and muscularity between British and Chinese participants. Since the health risks are greater for Chinese than British individuals with increasing BMI, one may expect Chinese participants to perceive a lower BMI as more attractive and healthier than British participants. Analyses showed that, although the Chinese participants preferred thinner partners compared to their British counterparts, there was no difference in the health judgements made by Chinese and British participants. Moreover, the male and female bodies that were seen as most attractive were thinner than those perceived as most healthy by Chinese participants. These findings challenge the adaptation account that people adjust their mate preferences to match what is most healthy in local environments.
2023-09-30T23:36:43Z
2023-09-30T23:36:43Z
2022-10-01
2023-10-01
Journal article
Lei , X & Perrett , D I 2022 , ' Thinner bodies are preferred in China compared to Britain but are not seen as healthier ' , Current Psychology , vol. First Online . https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03803-7
1046-1310
ORCID: /0000-0002-6025-0939/work/120434369
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/28481
10.1007/s12144-022-03803-7
eng
Current Psychology
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/102322022-04-11T15:30:14Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2017-02-06T00:31:48Z
urn:hdl:10023/10232
Going off grid : computationally efficient inference for log-Gaussian Cox processes
Simpson, Daniel
Illian, Janine Baerbel
Lindgren, Finn
Sørbye , Sigrunn H.
Rue, Haavard
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
Approximation of Gaussian random fields
Gaussian Markov random field
Integrated nested Laplace approximation
Spatial point process
Stochastic partial differential equation
GC Oceanography
QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
3rd-NDAS
BDC
R2C
This paper introduces a new method for performing computational inference on log-Gaussian Cox processes. The likelihood is approximated directly by making use of a continuously specified Gaussian random field. We show that for sufficiently smooth Gaussian random field prior distributions, the approximation can converge with arbitrarily high order, whereas an approximation based on a counting process on a partition of the domain achieves only first-order convergence. The results improve upon the general theory of convergence for stochastic partial differential equation models introduced by Lindgren et al. (2011). The new method is demonstrated on a standard point pattern dataset, and two interesting extensions to the classical log-Gaussian Cox process framework are discussed. The first extension considers variable sampling effort throughout the observation window and implements the method of Chakraborty et al. (2011). The second extension constructs a log-Gaussian Cox process on the world's oceans. The analysis is performed using integrated nested Laplace approximation for fast approximate inference.
2017-02-06T00:31:48Z
2017-02-06T00:31:48Z
2016-03
2017-02-05
Journal article
Simpson , D , Illian , J B , Lindgren , F , Sørbye , S H & Rue , H 2016 , ' Going off grid : computationally efficient inference for log-Gaussian Cox processes ' , Biometrika , vol. 103 , no. 1 , pp. 49-70 . https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asv064
0006-3444
PURE: 9507074
PURE UUID: 29ebc41d-4a3e-486a-a869-dc3a03a6ad5e
Scopus: 84960106685
WOS: 000371685300004
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10232
https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asv064
http://www.math.ntnu.no/~daniesi/S10-2011.pdf
eng
Biometrika
© 2016 Biometrika Trust. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asv064
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/213112023-04-19T00:23:41Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-01-25T11:30:12Z
urn:hdl:10023/21311
The use of individual, social, and animated cue information by capuchin monkeys and children in a touchscreen task
Renner, Elizabeth
Kean, Donna
Atkinson, Mark
Caldwell, Christine A.
University of St Andrews. Organic Semiconductor Centre
University of St Andrews. School of Management
BF Psychology
DAS
The distinctiveness of human cumulative culture raises the question of whether humans respond differently to information originating from social sources, compared with information from other sources. Further, does any such differential responding set humans apart from other species? We studied how capuchin monkeys and 2- to 5-year-old children used information originating from their own actions, those of a human demonstrator, or an animated cue. This information, presented via a touchscreen, always revealed in the first trial (T1) the reward value (rewarded or unrewarded) of one stimulus from a 2- or 3-item array, and could be used in a follow-up trial (T2) involving the same stimulus array. Two monkeys achieved a level of proficiency indicating their appreciation of the T1–T2 relationship, i.e., reliably repeating rewarded (“win”) selections and actively avoiding repetition of unrewarded (“lose”) selections well above chance levels. Neither the two task-proficient monkeys nor the children showed overall performance differences between the three source conditions. Non-task-proficient monkeys, by contrast, did show effects of source, performing best with individually-acquired information. The overall pattern of results hints at an alternative perspective on evidence typically interpreted as showing a human advantage for social information use.
2021-01-25T11:30:12Z
2021-01-25T11:30:12Z
2021-01-13
Journal article
Renner , E , Kean , D , Atkinson , M & Caldwell , C A 2021 , ' The use of individual, social, and animated cue information by capuchin monkeys and children in a touchscreen task ' , Scientific Reports , vol. 11 , 1043 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80221-4
2045-2322
PURE: 272473762
PURE UUID: dde887b6-5fbc-4104-9ed0-f276cdf399ce
Jisc: b5fe80a0952a497b8aba6e4f542902ac
publisher-id: s41598-020-80221-4
manuscript: 80221
Scopus: 85099379251
WOS: 000621765800051
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21311
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80221-4
eng
Scientific Reports
Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/108992023-04-25T23:48:55Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2017-06-02T09:30:12Z
urn:hdl:10023/10899
Evaluating detectability of freshwater fish assemblages in tropical streams : is hand-seining sufficient?
Deacon, A.
Mahabir, Rajindra
Inderlall, Devan
Ramnarine, Indar W.
Magurran, Anne E.
The Royal Society
European Research Council
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
University of St Andrews. Fish Behaviour and Biodiversity Research Group
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
Trinidad
Electrofishing
Alpha diversity
Detectability
Species richness
Sampling methods
Gear bias
QH301 Biology
SH Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling
NDAS
SDG 15 - Life on Land
This work was funded by a European Research Council grant (BIOTIME 250189). AEM also acknowledges the Royal Society.
Unprecedented threats to natural ecosystems mean that accurate quantification of biodiversity is a priority, particularly in the tropics which are underrepresented in monitoring schemes. Data from a freshwater fish assemblage in Trinidad were used to evaluate the effectiveness of hand-seining as a survey method in tropical streams. We uncovered large differences in species detectability when hand-seining was used alone, in comparison with when hand-seining and electrofishing were used together. The addition of electrofishing increased the number of individuals caught threefold, and increased the biomass fivefold. Some species were never detected using hand-seining, resulting in significant underestimates of species richness; rarefaction curves suggest that even when hand-seining effort increases, species richness is still underestimated. Diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson index) reveal that diversity was also significantly lower for hand-seined samples. Furthermore, the results of multivariate analyses investigating assemblage structure also differed significantly depending on whether they were based on hand-seined data alone, or a combination of hand-seining and electrofishing. Despite the extra equipment and maintenance required, these findings underline the value of including electrofishing when sampling tropical freshwater streams.
2017-06-02T09:30:12Z
2017-06-02T09:30:12Z
2017-07
Journal article
Deacon , A , Mahabir , R , Inderlall , D , Ramnarine , I W & Magurran , A E 2017 , ' Evaluating detectability of freshwater fish assemblages in tropical streams : is hand-seining sufficient? ' , Environmental Biology of Fishes , vol. 100 , no. 7 , pp. 839-849 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0610-5
0378-1909
PURE: 249965342
PURE UUID: cac7284b-d2fd-4e92-83ff-f83c807c23a4
Scopus: 85020106766
ORCID: /0000-0002-0036-2795/work/43550233
WOS: 000403579400008
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10899
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0610-5
WM110141
250189
eng
Environmental Biology of Fishes
© The Author(s) 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/17972024-02-25T00:46:28Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2011-04-04T11:04:59Z
urn:hdl:10023/1797
ACT : a tool for performance driven evolution of distributed applications
Sage, Aled
Kirby, Graham Njal Cameron
Morrison, Ronald
University of St Andrews. School of Computer Science
QA76 Computer software
Also funded by the EPSRC CASE studentship 99802449
There are two main stages to evolving distributed applications in the manner desired by application builders: first deciding which changes are required and when, and second making the changes. Understanding the performance characteristics of distributed applications is essential for the first stage, while structural reflection over the source code may be used to achieve the latter. Here we present an automated configuring tool, ACT, that may be used to explore the need for change by empirically measuring application performance. We aim to use the data generated by ACT as input to the evolution process, informing the system how to evolve to new and improved architectural configurations. ACT is designed to be generic in that it may aid performance-driven evolution for a wide range of applications. As a case study we use DC-Mailbox, a back-end mail server from Data Connection Limited (DCL) that stores, retrieves and manages e-mail messages for a potentially large number of users.
2011-04-04T11:04:59Z
2011-04-04T11:04:59Z
2001
Conference paper
Sage , A , Kirby , G N C & Morrison , R 2001 , ' ACT : a tool for performance driven evolution of distributed applications ' , Paper presented at 1st IEEE Working Conference on Complex and Dynamic Systems Architecture , Brisbane , Australia , 1/12/01 .
conference
standrews_research_output: 3817
ORCID: /0000-0002-4422-0190/work/28429135
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/1797
eng
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/46432024-02-15T00:41:46Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2014-04-28T16:01:03Z
urn:hdl:10023/4643
Does neighbourhood social capital aid in levelling the social gradient in the health and well-being of children and adolescents? : A literature review
Vyncke, Veerle
De Clercq, Bart
Stevens, Veerle
Costongs, Caroline
Barbareschi, Giorgio
Jonsson, Stefan Hrafn
Darias Curvo, Sara
Kebza, Vladimir
Currie, Candace
Maes, Lea
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit
Social capital
Health inequity
Health gradient
Neighbourhoods
Children
Adolescents
Self-rated health
Quality-of-life
School-aged children
Income inequality
Socioeconomic-status
Collective efficacy
Multilevel analysis
Contextual analysis
Mediation analysis
Perceived health
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities
The research leading to these results was performed within the framework of the ‘Gradient’ project (www.health-gradient.eu), coordinated by EuroHealthNet, and has received funding from the European Community (FP7 2007–2013) under grant agreement no 223252.
Background: Although most countries in the European Union are richer and healthier than ever, health inequalities remain an important public health challenge. Health-related problems and premature death have disproportionately been reported in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood social capital is believed to influence the association between neighbourhood deprivation and health in children and adolescents, making it a potentially interesting concept for policymakers. Methods: This study aims to review the role of social capital in health inequalities and the social gradient in health and well-being of children and adolescents. A systematic review of published quantitative literature was conducted, focussing on (1) the mediating role of neighbourhood social capital in the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and health-related outcomes in children and adolescents and (2) the interaction between neighbourhood social capital and socio-economic characteristics in relation to health-related outcomes in children and adolescents. Three electronic databases were searched. Studies executed between 1 January 1990 and 1 September 2011 in Western countries (USA, New Zealand, Australia and Europe) that included a health-related outcome in children or adolescents and a variable that measured neighbourhood social capital were included. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. The findings are mixed. Only two of five studies confirmed that neighbourhood social capital mediates the association between neighbourhood deprivation and health and well-being in adolescents. Furthermore, two studies found a significant interaction between neighbourhood socio-economic factors and neighbourhood social capital, which indicates that neighbourhood social capital is especially beneficial for children who reside in deprived neighbourhoods. However, two other studies did not find a significant interaction between SES and neighbourhood social capital. Due to the broad range of studied health-related outcomes, the different operationalisations of neighbourhood social capital and the conceptual overlap between measures of SES and social capital in some studies, the factors that explain these differences in findings remain unclear. Conclusions: Although the findings of this study should be interpreted with caution, the results suggest that neighbourhood social capital might play a role in the health gradient among children and adolescents. However, only two of the included studies were conducted in Europe. Furthermore, some studies focussed on specific populations and minority groups. To formulate relevant European policy recommendations, further European-focussed research on this issue is needed.
2014-04-28T16:01:03Z
2014-04-28T16:01:03Z
2013-01-23
Journal item
Vyncke , V , De Clercq , B , Stevens , V , Costongs , C , Barbareschi , G , Jonsson , S H , Darias Curvo , S , Kebza , V , Currie , C & Maes , L 2013 , ' Does neighbourhood social capital aid in levelling the social gradient in the health and well-being of children and adolescents? A literature review ' , BMC Public Health , vol. 13 , 65 . https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-65
1471-2458
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/4643
10.1186/1471-2458-13-65
eng
BMC Public Health
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/113382022-04-07T16:31:08Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2017-08-01T11:30:19Z
urn:hdl:10023/11338
Strong paramagnon scattering in single atom Pd contacts
Schendel, V
Barreteau, C
Brandbyge, M
Borca, B
Pentegov, I
Schlickum, U
Ternes, M
Wahl, Peter
Kern, K
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. Condensed Matter Physics
QC Physics
QD Chemistry
NDAS
Among all transition metals, palladium (Pd) has the highest density of states at the Fermi energy at low temperatures yet does not fulfill the Stoner criterion for ferromagnetism. However, its close vicinity to magnetism renders it a nearly ferromagnetic metal, which hosts paramagnons, strongly damped spin fluctuations. Here we compare the total and the differential conductance of mono-atomic contacts consisting of single Pd and Cobalt (Co) atoms between Pd electrodes. Transport measurements reveal a conductance for Co of 1\,G0, while for Pd we obtain 2\,G0. The differential conductance of mono-atomic Pd contacts shows a drop with increasing bias, which gives rise to a peculiar \Lambda-shaped spectrum. Supported by theoretical calculations we correlate this finding with the lifetime of hot quasi-particles in Pd which is strongly influenced by paramagnon scattering. In contrast to this, Co adatoms locally induce magnetic order and transport through single cobalt atoms remains unaffected by paramagnon scattering, consistent with theory.
2017-08-01T11:30:19Z
2017-08-01T11:30:19Z
2017-07-31
Journal article
Schendel , V , Barreteau , C , Brandbyge , M , Borca , B , Pentegov , I , Schlickum , U , Ternes , M , Wahl , P & Kern , K 2017 , ' Strong paramagnon scattering in single atom Pd contacts ' , Physical Review. B, Condensed matter and materials physics , vol. 96 , no. 3 , 035155 . https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.035155
1098-0121
PURE: 250512645
PURE UUID: df554b27-c0eb-408c-8f2f-fba108cb619d
Scopus: 85027355926
ORCID: /0000-0002-8635-1519/work/46939675
WOS: 000406631500003
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11338
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.035155
eng
Physical Review. B, Condensed matter and materials physics
© 2017, American Physical Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at journals.aps.org / https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.035155
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/95422024-03-02T00:43:34Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2016-09-23T23:34:40Z
urn:hdl:10023/9542
Employee voice through open-book accounting : the benefits of informational transparency
Timming, Andrew Richard
Brown, Ross Crawford
University of St Andrews. School of Management
University of St Andrews. Centre for Responsible Banking and Finance
Employee-owned businesses
Employee voice
Open-book accounting
HF5601 Accounting
This paper explores the concept of open-book accounting. It illustrates the benefits of open-book reporting policies in terms of their potential ability to correct informational asymmetries, and it sets out some ideas for a future research agenda centred around the concept. The discussion is grounded in large part in the experiences of employee-owned businesses because such organisations are at the forefront of informational transparency innovations in social accounting. But the broader principle of sharing organisational information with employees and training them to process financial and strategic information is applicable to any organisation. It is argued that open-book accounting, especially in the context of employee-owned businesses, provides an exciting alternative to mainstream accounting and financial controls and a welcome addition to the social accounting literature.
2016-09-23T23:34:40Z
2016-09-23T23:34:40Z
2015
2016-09-23
Journal article
Timming , A R & Brown , R C 2015 , ' Employee voice through open-book accounting : the benefits of informational transparency ' , Social and Environmental Accountability Journal , vol. 35 , no. 2 , pp. 86-95 . https://doi.org/10.1080/0969160X.2015.1022196
0969-160X
ORCID: /0000-0002-6164-7639/work/82179613
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/9542
10.1080/0969160X.2015.1022196
eng
Social and Environmental Accountability Journal
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/249362024-02-28T00:45:35Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2022-02-23T12:30:08Z
urn:hdl:10023/24936
Investigating the architecture and internal structure of the TOI-561 system planets with CHEOPS, HARPS-N and TESS
Lacedelli, G
Wilson, T G
Malavolta, L
Hooton, M J
Cameron, A Collier
Alibert, Y
Mortier, A
Bonfanti, A
Haywood, R D
Hoyer, S
Piotto, G
Bekkelien, A
Vanderburg, A M
Benz, W
Dumusque, X
Deline, A
López-Morales, M
Borsato, L
Rice, K
Fossati, L
Latham, D W
Brandeker, A
Poretti, E
Sousa, S G
Sozzetti, A
Salmon, S
Burke, C J
Van Grootel, V
Fausnaugh, M M
Adibekyan, V
Huang, C X
Osborn, H P
Mustill, A J
Pallé, E
Bourrier, V
Nascimbeni, V
Alonso, R
Anglada, G
Bárczy, T
Navascues, D Barrado y
Barros, S C C
Baumjohann, W
Beck, M
Beck, T
Billot, N
Bonfils, X
Broeg, C
Buchhave, L A
Cabrera, J
Charnoz, S
Cosentino, R
Csizmadia, Sz
Davies, M B
Deleuil, M
Delrez, L
Demangeon, O
Demory, B-O
Ehrenreich, D
Erikson, A
Esparza-Borges, E
Florén, H-G
Fortier, A
Fridlund, M
Futyan, D
Gandolfi, D
Ghedina, A
Gillon, M
Güdel, M
Gutermann, P
Harutyunyan, A
Heng, K
Isaak, K G
Jenkins, J M
Kiss, L
Laskar, J
Lecavelier des Etangs, A
Lendl, M
Lovis, C
Magrin, D
Marafatto, L
Martinez Fiorenzano, A F
Maxted, P F L
Mayor, M
Micela, G
Molinari, E
Murgas, F
Narita, N
Olofsson, G
Ottensamer, R
Pagano, I
Pasetti, A
Pedani, M
Pepe, F A
Peter, G
Phillips, D F
Pollacco, D
Queloz, D
Ragazzoni, R
Rando, N
Ratti, F
Rauer, H
Ribas, I
Santos, N C
Sasselov, D
Scandariato, G
Seager, S
Ségransan, D
Serrano, L M
Simon, A E
Smith, A M S
Steinberger, M
Steller, M
Szabó, Gy
Thomas, N
Twicken, J D
Udry, S
Walton, N
Winn, J N
Science & Technology Facilities Council
Science & Technology Facilities Council
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science
Planets and satellites: interiors
Stars: individual: TOI-561 (TIC 377064495
Gaia EDR3 3850421005290172416)
Techniques: photometric
Techniques: radial velocities
Planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
QB Astronomy
QC Physics
DAS
MCC
Funding: TW and ACC acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1.
We present a precise characterization of the TOI-561 planetary system obtained by combining previously published data with TESS and CHEOPS photometry,and a new set of 62 HARPS-N radial velocities (RVs). Our joint analysis confirms the presence of four transiting planets, namely TOI-561 b (P =0.45 d, R = 1.42 R⊕, M =2.0 M⊕), c (P = 10.78 d, R =2.91 R⊕, M = 5.4 M⊕), d (P = 25.7 d, R = 2.82 R⊕, M =13.2 M⊕) and e (P = 77 d, R =2.55 R⊕, M = 12.6 R⊕). Moreover, we identify an additional, long-period signal (>450 d) in theRVs, which could be due to either an external planetary companion or to stellar magnetic activity. The precise masses and radii obtained for the four planetsallowed us to conduct interior structure and atmospheric escape modelling. TOI-561b is confirmed to be the lowest density (ρb = 3.8 ± 0.5 gcm−3) ultra-short period (USP) planet known to date, and the low metallicity of the host star makes it consistent with the general bulk density-stellar metallicity trend. According to our interior structure modelling, planet b has basically no gas envelope, and it could host a certain amount of water. In contrast, TOI-561 c, d, and e likely retained an H/He envelope, in addition to a possibly large water layer. The inferred planetary compositions suggest different atmospheric evolutionary paths, with planets band c having experienced significant gas loss, and planets d and e showing anatmospheric content consistent with the original one. The uniqueness of the USP planet, the presence of the long-period planet TOI-561 e, and the complex architecture make this system an appealing target for follow-up studies.
2022-02-23T12:30:08Z
2022-02-23T12:30:08Z
2022-04-01
Journal article
Lacedelli , G , Wilson , T G , Malavolta , L , Hooton , M J , Cameron , A C , Alibert , Y , Mortier , A , Bonfanti , A , Haywood , R D , Hoyer , S , Piotto , G , Bekkelien , A , Vanderburg , A M , Benz , W , Dumusque , X , Deline , A , López-Morales , M , Borsato , L , Rice , K , Fossati , L , Latham , D W , Brandeker , A , Poretti , E , Sousa , S G , Sozzetti , A , Salmon , S , Burke , C J , Van Grootel , V , Fausnaugh , M M , Adibekyan , V , Huang , C X , Osborn , H P , Mustill , A J , Pallé , E , Bourrier , V , Nascimbeni , V , Alonso , R , Anglada , G , Bárczy , T , Navascues , D B Y , Barros , S C C , Baumjohann , W , Beck , M , Beck , T , Billot , N , Bonfils , X , Broeg , C , Buchhave , L A , Cabrera , J , Charnoz , S , Cosentino , R , Csizmadia , S , Davies , M B , Deleuil , M , Delrez , L , Demangeon , O , Demory , B-O , Ehrenreich , D , Erikson , A , Esparza-Borges , E , Florén , H-G , Fortier , A , Fridlund , M , Futyan , D , Gandolfi , D , Ghedina , A , Gillon , M , Güdel , M , Gutermann , P , Harutyunyan , A , Heng , K , Isaak , K G , Jenkins , J M , Kiss , L , Laskar , J , Lecavelier des Etangs , A , Lendl , M , Lovis , C , Magrin , D , Marafatto , L , Martinez Fiorenzano , A F , Maxted , P F L , Mayor , M , Micela , G , Molinari , E , Murgas , F , Narita , N , Olofsson , G , Ottensamer , R , Pagano , I , Pasetti , A , Pedani , M , Pepe , F A , Peter , G , Phillips , D F , Pollacco , D , Queloz , D , Ragazzoni , R , Rando , N , Ratti , F , Rauer , H , Ribas , I , Santos , N C , Sasselov , D , Scandariato , G , Seager , S , Ségransan , D , Serrano , L M , Simon , A E , Smith , A M S , Steinberger , M , Steller , M , Szabó , G , Thomas , N , Twicken , J D , Udry , S , Walton , N & Winn , J N 2022 , ' Investigating the architecture and internal structure of the TOI-561 system planets with CHEOPS, HARPS-N and TESS ' , Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , vol. 511 , no. 3 , pp. 4551-4571 . https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac199
0035-8711
Jisc: fbcbd60faf924caa82545c7237af770a
ORCID: /0000-0002-8863-7828/work/108913751
ORCID: /0000-0001-8749-1962/work/108919772
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/24936
10.1093/mnras/stac199
ST/R00824/1
ST/R003203/1
eng
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/83812023-04-19T00:40:01Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2016-03-08T16:40:09Z
urn:hdl:10023/8381
The skin is a screen
Rider, Alistair
Alison, Maya
University of St Andrews. School of Art History
University of St Andrews. Centre for Ancient Environmental Studies
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
Sculpture
NB Sculpture
This essay discusses works produced over the first ten years of the career of the Syrian American artist Diana Al-Hadid, and is to be published in an exhibition catalogue entitled "Diana Al-Hadid: Phantom Limb", in conjunction with a retrospective of her work at NYUAD Art Gallery, Abu Dhabi, and David Winton Bell Gallery, Brown University, Rhode Island.
2016-03-08T16:40:09Z
2016-03-08T16:40:09Z
2016-03
Book item
Rider , A 2016 , The skin is a screen . in M Alison (ed.) , Diana Al-Hadid : Phantom Limb . NYUAD Gallery , Abu Dhabi .
PURE: 228444801
PURE UUID: 10d4fc4a-064f-4def-b66b-04f8ba06904e
ORCID: /0000-0003-1687-9534/work/60427172
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8381
eng
Diana Al-Hadid
Copyright 2016 Alistair Rider. "The Skin is a Screen” originally appeared in Diana Al-Hadid: Phantom Limb, edited by Maya Allison, published by New York University Abu Dhabi. This work is made available online with permission from the publisher.
NYUAD Gallery
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/49312024-02-15T00:42:05Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2014-06-30T23:01:42Z
urn:hdl:10023/4931
Fluorinated Phosphorus-Selenium Heteroatom Compounds : Phenylphosphonofluorodiselenoic Salts, Adducts, and Esters
Hua, Guoxiong
Du, Junyi
Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.
Woollins, J. Derek
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Woollins' reagent
Efficient synthesis
Analogs
Heterocycles
Acetylcholinesterase
Phosphorofluoridate
Selenation
QD Chemistry
2,4-Bis(phenyl)-1,3-diselenadiphosphetane-2,4-diselenide, [PhP(Se)(mu-Se)](2), Woollins' reagent (WR), reacts with dry KF or tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) at room temperature generating the corresponding potassium and tetrabutylammonium phenyldiselenofluorophosphinates 1 and 2 in almost quantitative yields. Treating 1 with equimolar amounts of tetraphenylphosphonium chloride or 1,3-dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride in THF at room temperature afforded the corresponding organic adducts 3 and 4 in 90% and 87% yields. Reaction of 1 with mono- and dihalogenated alkanes gave a series of esters of phenylphosphonofluoridodiselenoates 5-8 and 9 in 79-93% yields. Two representative crystal structures are reported.
2014-06-30T23:01:42Z
2014-06-30T23:01:42Z
2013-07-15
2014-07-01
Journal article
Hua , G , Du , J , Slawin , A M Z & Woollins , J D 2013 , ' Fluorinated Phosphorus-Selenium Heteroatom Compounds : Phenylphosphonofluorodiselenoic Salts, Adducts, and Esters ' , Inorganic Chemistry , vol. 52 , no. 14 , pp. 8214-8217 . https://doi.org/10.1021/ic400612w
0020-1669
ORCID: /0000-0002-9527-6418/work/56861501
ORCID: /0000-0002-1498-9652/work/31779203
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/4931
10.1021/ic400612w
eng
Inorganic Chemistry
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/101112022-04-29T10:31:01Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2017-01-16T14:30:18Z
urn:hdl:10023/10111
Sexual selection modulates genetic conflicts and patterns of genomic imprinting
Faria, Gonçalo S.
Varela, Susana A. M.
Gardner, Andy
NERC
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity
Arms race
Dispersal
Inclusive fitness
Intragenomic conflict
Kin selection
Sexual conflict
GE Environmental Sciences
QH301 Biology
QH426 Genetics
DAS
This work was supported by Portuguese National Funds, through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within the project UID/BIA/00329/2013, as well as through GFS PhD Scholarship (SFRH/BD/109726/2015) and through SAMV Post-Doctoral Research Grant (SFRH/BPD/66042/2009), and by a Natural Environment Research Council Independent Research Fellowship (AG, Grant Number NE/K009524/1).
Recent years have seen a surge of interest in linking the theories of kin selection and sexual selection. In particular, there is a growing appreciation that kin selection, arising through demographic factors such as sex-biased dispersal, may modulate sexual conflicts,including in the context of male-female arms races characterized by coevolutionary cycles.However, evolutionary conflicts of interest need not only occur between individuals, but may also occur within individuals, and sex-specific demography is known to foment such intragenomic conflict in relation to social behavior. Whether and how this logic holds in the context of sexual conflict – and, in particular, in relation to coevolutionary cycles – remains obscure. We develop a kin-selection model to investigate the interests of different genes involved in sexual and intragenomic conflict, and we show that consideration of these conflicting interests yields novel predictions concerning parent-of-origin-specific patterns of gene expression and the detrimental effects of different classes of mutation and epimutation at loci underpinning sexually-selected phenotypes.
2017-01-16T14:30:18Z
2017-01-16T14:30:18Z
2017-03-07
Journal article
Faria , G S , Varela , S A M & Gardner , A 2017 , ' Sexual selection modulates genetic conflicts and patterns of genomic imprinting ' , Evolution , vol. 71 , no. 3 , pp. 526-540 . https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13153
0014-3820
PURE: 248127006
PURE UUID: 9142fd3f-c24f-41ed-b534-b522235c762b
Scopus: 85010567536
ORCID: /0000-0002-1511-8680/work/30765800
WOS: 000396039000002
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10111
https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13153
NE/K009524/1
eng
Evolution
© 2016 The Author(s). Evolution published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/130312023-04-25T23:44:34Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2018-03-27T14:30:04Z
urn:hdl:10023/13031
Cryptococcal meningitis : epidemiology and therapeutic options
Sloan, Derek J.
Parris, Victoria
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Antifungal therapy
Antiretroviral therapy
Cryptococcosis
HIV
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Immunosuppression
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Epidemiology
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Cryptococcal meningitis causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. The burden of disease is greatest in middle- and low-income countries with a high incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection. Patients taking immunosuppressive drugs and some immunocompetent hosts are also at risk. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis consists of three phases: Induction, consolidation, and maintenance. Effective induction therapy requires potent fungicidal drugs (amphotericin B and flucytosine, which are often unavailable in low-resource, high-endemicity settings. As a consequence, mortality is unacceptably high. Wider access to effective treatment is urgently required to improve outcomes. For human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, judicious management of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia and appropriately timed introduction of antiretroviral therapy are important.
2018-03-27T14:30:04Z
2018-03-27T14:30:04Z
2014-05-13
Journal item
Sloan , D J & Parris , V 2014 , ' Cryptococcal meningitis : epidemiology and therapeutic options ' , Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol. 6 , pp. 169-182 . https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S38850
0895-4356
PURE: 241921155
PURE UUID: 9f3b2fe0-9c0a-4af1-a573-283746c2f3b1
Scopus: 84900559961
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13031
https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S38850
eng
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
© 2014 Sloan and Parris. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/253872023-08-02T15:30:01Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2022-05-17T10:30:18Z
urn:hdl:10023/25387
A social norms and identity approach to increasing fruit and vegetable intake of undergraduate students in the United Kingdom
Fischera, Wanda
van Beusekom, Mara
Higgs, Suzanne
Cecil, Joanne
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division
University of St Andrews. Health Psychology
Fruit intake
Social norm
Descriptive norm
Eating norms
Student identification
Identity strength
Fruit & vegetable intake
BF Psychology
NDAS
MCC
Funding: The funding for open access was supported by the University of St Andrews.
This study investigated the influence of descriptive norm messages that either communicated that university students eat a sufficient amount of fruit and vegetable (F&V) or that they do not, on F&V consumption, and whether or not any effects are moderated by student identification. An online 2 (Norm: ‘Sufficient’/‘Insufficient’) x 2 (Identification: ‘Low’/‘High’) experimental design was employed. Infographics containing ‘sufficient’/‘insufficient’ F&V intake descriptive norms were presented. An identification manipulation was employed to create ‘high’/‘low’ student identifiers. F&V intake intentions were assessed after the manipulations; self-reported F&V intake was reported at 2 days post-intervention. UK undergraduate students (N=180) reported intake intentions, of which 112 (62%) completed the behavioral follow-up. Participants were predominantly white female students from Scottish universities, mean age 20.4 (±1.6) years. Baseline mean F&V consumption was high (4.5±2.8). There were no significant main effects of Norm or Identification manipulations on F&V intentions and intake. Significant norm×identification interactions were revealed for fruit intake intentions and vegetable intake at follow-up, indicating half portion differences (~40g) between groups. Ironic effects were observed for ‘high’ identifiers, who neither intended to, nor acted in accordance with group norms; ‘low’ student identifiers intended to and followed group norms, whereby the ‘sufficient’/‘low’ group intended to consume significantly more fruit portions, and consumed more vegetables than the ‘insufficient’/‘low’ group. Given the half-portion differences between groups resulting from the norm×identification interactions, future research on a larger sample of young adults with low F&V intake is warranted to further explore the conditions under which moderating effects of identification are observed and the underlying mechanisms.
2022-05-17T10:30:18Z
2022-05-17T10:30:18Z
2022-05-17
Journal article
Fischera , W , van Beusekom , M , Higgs , S & Cecil , J 2022 , ' A social norms and identity approach to increasing fruit and vegetable intake of undergraduate students in the United Kingdom ' , Frontiers in Psychology , vol. 13 , 838394 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838394
1664-1078
PURE: 277180531
PURE UUID: 9e933a86-f657-4e78-a6d2-8b890d97e07b
ORCID: /0000-0003-4779-6037/work/113398918
ORCID: /0000-0002-4536-0558/work/113399089
Scopus: 85131528958
WOS: 000804112300001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25387
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838394
eng
Frontiers in Psychology
Copyright © 2022 Fischera, van Beusekom, Higgs and Cecil. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/107932022-04-12T15:31:13Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2017-05-17T23:33:40Z
urn:hdl:10023/10793
Synthesis and structure of sterically overloaded tetra-coordinated yttrium and lanthanum disiloxides
McNerney, Brian
Mummadi, Suresh
Hung-Low, Fernando
Cordes, David B.
Unruh, Daniel K.
Krempner, Clemens
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Siloxide
Silanol
Rare earth siloxide
Yttrium
Lanthanum
QD Chemistry
NDAS
The NSF is thanked for purchase of a JEOL ECS-400 NMR Spectrometer (CRIF-MU CHE-1048553).
The synthesis, structures and reactivity of the spirocyclic yttrium and lanthanum disiloxides {[(CH2R2SiO)2]2M}H [M = Ln, Y; R = SiMe(SiMe3)2] 3 and 4 are reported. Compounds 3 and 4 were prepared from reactions of two equivalents of [CH2(R)2SiOH]2 [R = Si(SiMe3)2Me] ( 1 ) with one equivalent of M[N(SiMe3)2]2 (M = Y, La), respectively.
2017-05-17T23:33:40Z
2017-05-17T23:33:40Z
2016-08
2017-05-17
Journal article
McNerney , B , Mummadi , S , Hung-Low , F , Cordes , D B , Unruh , D K & Krempner , C 2016 , ' Synthesis and structure of sterically overloaded tetra-coordinated yttrium and lanthanum disiloxides ' , Inorganic Chemistry Communications , vol. 70 , pp. 103-106 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2016.05.016
1387-7003
PURE: 242655088
PURE UUID: 5ed03079-03f9-4277-87f9-0a1f5bb5344d
RIS: urn:01661C4D10CE517FA8B70787514B423B
Scopus: 84973136640
ORCID: /0000-0002-5366-9168/work/28023980
WOS: 000380865300024
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10793
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2016.05.016
eng
Inorganic Chemistry Communications
© 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2016.05.016
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/207572024-02-15T00:51:46Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2020-10-09T15:30:21Z
urn:hdl:10023/20757
Using continuous-time spatial capture–recapture models to make inference about animal activity patterns
Distiller, Greg B.
Borchers, David L.
Foster, Rebecca J.
Harmsen, Bart J.
EPSRC
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews. Statistics
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
activity patterns
behavioral ecology
continuous-time spatial capture-recapture
spatial capture-recapture
temporal partitioning
ESTIMATING POPULATION-DENSITY
CAMERA-TRAP
SYMPATRIC JAGUARS
CONNECTIVITY
PUMAS
QA Mathematics
QH301 Biology
QL Zoology
DAS
This work was part‐funded by EPSRC Grant EP/I000917/1, by the research fellowship RF‐2018‐213/9, and the fieldwork was funded by the Summerlee Foundation and Panthera.
1. Quantifying the distribution of daily activity is an important component of behavioral ecology. Historically, it has been difficult to obtain data on activity patterns, especially for elusive species. However, the development of affordable camera traps and their widespread usage has led to an explosion of available data from which activity patterns can be estimated. 2. Continuous-time spatial capture?recapture (CT SCR) models drop the occasion structure seen in traditional spatial and nonspatial capture?recapture (CR) models and use the actual times of capture. In addition to estimating density, CT SCR models estimate expected encounters through time. Cyclic splines can be used to allow flexible shapes for modeling cyclic activity patterns, and the fact that SCR models also incorporate distance means that space-time interactions can be explored. This method is applied to a jaguar dataset. 3. Jaguars in Belize are most active and range furthest in the evening and early morning and when they are located closer to the network of trails. There is some evidence that females have a less variable pattern than males. The comparison between sexes demonstrates how CT SCR can be used to explore hypotheses about animal behavior within a formal modeling framework. 4. SCR models were developed primarily to estimate and model density, but the models can be used to explore processes that interact across space and time, especially when using the CT SCR framework that models the temporal dimension at a finer resolution.
2020-10-09T15:30:21Z
2020-10-09T15:30:21Z
2020-10-09
Journal article
Distiller , G B , Borchers , D L , Foster , R J & Harmsen , B J 2020 , ' Using continuous-time spatial capture–recapture models to make inference about animal activity patterns ' , Ecology and Evolution , vol. Early View , e6822 . https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6822 , https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6822
2045-7758
RIS: urn:BCF462DEE7F94BE780EA2C3B39A455C6
ORCID: /0000-0002-3944-0754/work/81797574
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/20757
10.1002/ece3.6822
EP/I000917/1
eng
Ecology and Evolution
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/255132023-04-30T12:30:02Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2022-06-10T16:30:07Z
urn:hdl:10023/25513
Five-wave resonances in deep water gravity waves : integrability, numerical simulations and experiments
Lucas, Dan
Perlin, Marc
Liu, Dian-Yong
Walsh, Shane
Ivanov, Rossen
Bustamante, Miguel D.
University of St Andrews. Applied Mathematics
Water gravity waves
5-wave resonances
Pseudospectral numerical simulations
Water wave tank experiments
QC Physics
NDAS
MCC
Funding: R.I. is partially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund, grant KΠ -06H42/2 from 27.11.2020.
In this work we consider the problem of finding the simplest arrangement of resonant deep-water gravity waves in one-dimensional propagation, from three perspectives: Theoretical, numerical and experimental. Theoretically this requires using a normal-form Hamiltonian that focuses on 5-wave resonances. The simplest arrangement is based on a triad of wavevectors K1+K2=K3 (satisfying specific ratios) along with their negatives, corresponding to a scenario of encountering wavepackets, amenable to experiments and numerical simulations. The normal-form equations for these encountering waves in resonance are shown to be non-integrable, but they admit an integrable reduction in a symmetric configuration. Numerical simulations of the governing equations in natural variables using pseudospectral methods require the inclusion of up to 6-wave interactions, which imposes a strong dealiasing cut-off in order to properly resolve the evolving waves. We study the resonance numerically by looking at a target mode in the base triad and showing that the energy transfer to this mode is more efficient when the system is close to satisfying the resonant conditions. We first look at encountering plane waves with base frequencies in the range 1.32–2.35 Hz and steepnesses below 0.1, and show that the time evolution of the target mode’s energy is dramatically changed at the resonance. We then look at a scenario that is closer to experiments: Encountering wavepackets in a 400-m long numerical tank, where the interaction time is reduced with respect to the plane-wave case but the resonance is still observed; by mimicking a probe measurement of surface elevation we obtain efficiencies of up to 10% in frequency space after including near-resonant contributions. Finally, we perform preliminary experiments of encountering wavepackets in a 35-m long tank, which seem to show that the resonance exists physically. The measured efficiencies via probe measurements of surface elevation are relatively small, indicating that a finer search is needed along with longer wave flumes with much larger amplitudes and lower frequency waves. A further analysis of phases generated from probe data via the analytic signal approach (using the Hilbert transform) shows a strong triad phase synchronisation at the resonance, thus providing independent experimental evidence of the resonance.
2022-06-10T16:30:07Z
2022-06-10T16:30:07Z
2021-06-01
Journal article
Lucas , D , Perlin , M , Liu , D-Y , Walsh , S , Ivanov , R & Bustamante , M D 2021 , ' Five-wave resonances in deep water gravity waves : integrability, numerical simulations and experiments ' , Fluids , vol. 6 , no. 6 , 205 . https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6060205
2311-5521
PURE: 280001730
PURE UUID: 1a5b2b2f-c165-40d5-9b6b-0039600d4908
crossref: 10.3390/fluids6060205
Scopus: 85108280669
ORCID: /0000-0001-6309-8808/work/114335949
WOS: 000667845900001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25513
https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6060205
eng
Fluids
Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/120032023-04-18T23:41:26Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2017-11-06T12:30:16Z
urn:hdl:10023/12003
Del sedentarismo a la hipermovilidad. Medida y determinantes de las historias de (in)movilidad residencial en contextos urbanos
Palomares-Linares, Isabel
Van Ham, Maarten
University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development
(in)Movilidad residencial
(in)Movilidad espacial
Regresión de conteo
Transcurso vital
Carrera residencial
Posición social
Barrio
Residential (im)mobility
Spatial (im)mobility
Count regression
Life course
Housing career
Socioeconomic status
Neighborhood
G Geography (General)
NDAS
Although there is a large international body of literature on residential mobility, the research on Spain is scarce. The main reason is that there is little suitable microdata which allows the analysis of individual residential and spatial mobility within urban contexts. This paper is one of the first to study mobility in a Spanish metropolitan context. We use data from a survey conducted in Granada with information on residential and spatial mobility between neighborhoods over a 10-year period and a Hurdle count regression method for the study of (in)mobility. The results show the effects of four basic dimensions (life course, stage in the residential career, social position and the neighborhoods where people live) on the generation of more (or less) sedentary trajectories. We found that residential and spatial immobility is associated with settled individuals and households. On the other hand, hypermobility is connected to younger age groups and those without children. The social position and type of neighborhood in which people reside emerge as relevant factors to understand immobility behavior.
2017-11-06T12:30:16Z
2017-11-06T12:30:16Z
2017-10-19
Journal article
Palomares-Linares , I & Van Ham , M 2017 , ' Del sedentarismo a la hipermovilidad. Medida y determinantes de las historias de (in)movilidad residencial en contextos urbanos ' , Papers. Revista de Sociologia , vol. 102 , no. 4 , pp. 637-671 . https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers.2414
2013-9004
PURE: 251478522
PURE UUID: e37e3207-eb82-400d-8e1b-5aee732f8f46
Bibtex: urn:16d64feecf898d24e8b1f5eeee973e09
Scopus: 85033672827
WOS: 000419752800005
ORCID: /0000-0002-2106-0702/work/64697530
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12003
https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers.2414
spa
Papers. Revista de Sociologia
Copyright (c) 2017 Isabel Palomares-Linares, Maarten van Ham. This is an open access article published with a CC BY-NC Creative Commons licence.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/232122022-04-14T11:39:59Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-05-17T23:51:20Z
urn:hdl:10023/23212
The outburst of Centaur 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann on 2020 February 4th
Donaldson, Abbie
Scholz, Aleks
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science
Comets
Centaurs
Small solar system bodies
CCD photometry
QB Astronomy
QC Physics
NDAS
Funded by the Robert Martin Ayers Sciences Fund and NSF AST-1412587.
We observed the 2020 February 4th outburst of the Centaur 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann, using the James Gregory Telescope in St Andrews/UK. The brightness of the comet increased by ∼3 mag in VRI within 1-2 days, followed by a more gradual incline. This was one of the largest documented outbursts of this object over the past few years, but is consistent with previously observed events.
2021-05-17T23:51:20Z
2021-05-17T23:51:20Z
2020-05-18
2021-05-18
Journal article
Donaldson , A & Scholz , A 2020 , ' The outburst of Centaur 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann on 2020 February 4th ' , Research Notes of the AAS , vol. 4 , no. 5 , 69 . https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/ab936a
2515-5172
PURE: 270886100
PURE UUID: f991e0c1-0a05-4469-8a8f-f47cc5c38580
BibCode: 2020RNAAS...4...69D
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23212
https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/ab936a
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020RNAAS...4...69D
eng
Research Notes of the AAS
Copyright © 2020 American Astronomical Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/ab936a.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/253892022-10-28T15:31:33Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2022-05-17T11:30:13Z
urn:hdl:10023/25389
Further studies on the [1,2]-Wittig rearrangement of 2-(2-benzyloxy)aryloxazolines
Aitken, R Alan
Harper, Andrew D.
Inwood, Ryan
EPSRC
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
Oxazoline
Wittig rearrangement
Phthalide
QD Chemistry
NDAS
Authors thank EPSRC (UK) for a DTA studentship to ADH (Grant EP/L505079/1), EPSRC (UK) and CRITICAT Centre for Doctoral Training for a studentship to R. A. I. (Grant code: EP/L016419/1) and the EPSRC UK National Mass Spectrometry Facility at Swansea University.
The behaviour of 14 ortho-functionalised 2-aryloxazolines, 11 of them prepared and characterised for the first time, with butyllithium has been examined. Significant limitations to the Wittig rearrangement of such systems are revealed. In terms of asymmetric Wittig rearrangement, good diastereoselectivity is obtained with a valine-derived 4-isopropyl oxazoline but this is compromised by racemisation upon hydrolysis. More encouraging selectivity is achieved in the Wittig rearrangement of an acyclic phenylalanine-derived ortho-benzyloxy benzamide.
2022-05-17T11:30:13Z
2022-05-17T11:30:13Z
2022-05-17
Journal article
Aitken , R A , Harper , A D & Inwood , R 2022 , ' Further studies on the [1,2]-Wittig rearrangement of 2-(2-benzyloxy)aryloxazolines ' , Molecules , vol. 27 , no. 10 , 3186 . https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103186
1420-3049
PURE: 279577509
PURE UUID: 1dffc0b9-6934-47fd-922e-c9de49c3f9c8
ORCID: /0000-0001-6959-5311/work/113398829
Scopus: 85130828896
WOS: 000803401000001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25389
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103186
EP/L016419/1
eng
Molecules
Copyright © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/177012022-06-01T16:30:15Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2019-05-14T10:30:04Z
urn:hdl:10023/17701
Solving computational problems in the theory of word-representable graphs
Akgün, Özgür
Gent, Ian P.
Kitaev, Sergey
Zantema, Hans
University of St Andrews. School of Computer Science
University of St Andrews. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Computational Algebra
Word-representable graph
Representation number
Enumeration
Semi-transitive orientation
k-semi-transitive orientation
QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
DAS
A simple graph G = (V, E) is word-representable if there exists a word w over the alphabet V such that letters x and y alternate in w iff xy ∈ E. Word-representable graphs generalize several important classes of graphs. A graph is word-representable if it admits a semi-transitive orientation. We use semi-transitive orientations to enumerate connected non-word-representable graphs up to the size of 11 vertices, which led to a correction of a published result. Obtaining the enumeration results took 3 CPU years of computation. Also, a graph is word-representable if it is k-representable for some k, that is, if it can be represented using k copies of each letter. The minimum such k for a given graph is called graph's representation number. Our computational results in this paper not only include distribution of k-representable graphs on at most 9 vertices, but also have relevance to a known conjecture on these graphs. In particular, we find a new graph on 9 vertices with high representation number. Also, we prove that a certain graph has highest representation number among all comparability graphs on odd number of vertices. Finally, we introduce the notion of a k-semi-transitive orientation refining the notion of a semi-transitive orientation, and show computationally that the refinement is not equivalent to the original definition, unlike the equivalence of k-representability and word-representability.
2019-05-14T10:30:04Z
2019-05-14T10:30:04Z
2019-02-24
Journal article
Akgün , Ö , Gent , I P , Kitaev , S & Zantema , H 2019 , ' Solving computational problems in the theory of word-representable graphs ' , Journal of Integer Sequences , vol. 22 , no. 2 , 19.2.5 . < https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/journals/JIS/VOL22/Kitaev/kitaev11.html >
1530-7638
PURE: 258221847
PURE UUID: 6d13ed10-041c-43c4-9530-b2b55d688e91
ArXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/1808.01215v1
ORCID: /0000-0001-9519-938X/work/55643804
Scopus: 85063988925
WOS: 000466986100005
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17701
https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/journals/JIS/VOL22/Kitaev/kitaev11.html
eng
Journal of Integer Sequences
© 2019, the Author(s). This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher's policies. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/journals/JIS/VOL22/Kitaev/kitaev11.html
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/41902023-01-22T12:30:16Zcom_10023_58com_10023_19com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_59col_10023_880
2013-11-13T10:01:04Z
urn:hdl:10023/4190
Mobile cross reality for cultural heritage
Davies, Christopher John
Miller, Alan Henry David
Allison, Colin
University of St Andrews. School of Computer Science
University of St Andrews. Centre for Ancient Environmental Studies
QA76 Computer software
Widespread adoption of smartphones and tablets has enabled people to multiplex their physical reality, where they engage in face-to-face social interaction, with Web-based social networks and apps, whilst emerging 3D Web technologies hold promise for networks of parallel 3D virtual environments to emerge. Although current technologies allow this multiplexing of physical reality and 2D Web, in a situation called PolySocial Reality, the same cannot yet be achieved with 3D content. Cross Reality was proposed to address this issue; however so far it has focused on the use of fixed links between physical and virtual environments in closed lab settings, limiting investigation of the explorative and social aspects. This paper presents an architecture and implementation that addresses these shortcomings using a tablet computer and the Pangolin virtual world viewer to provide a mobile interface to a corresponding 3D virtual environment. Motivation for this project stemmed from a desire to enable students to interact with existing virtual reconstructions of cultural heritage sites in tandem with exploration of the corresponding real locations, avoiding the adverse temporal separation caused otherwise by interacting with the virtual content only within the classroom. The accuracy of GPS tracking emerged as a constraint on this style of interaction.
2013-11-13T10:01:04Z
2013-11-13T10:01:04Z
2013-10
Conference item
Davies , C J , Miller , A H D & Allison , C 2013 , Mobile cross reality for cultural heritage . in Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage), 2013 . vol. 1 , IEEE , pp. 331 - 338 , Digital Heritage International Congress 2013 , Marseille , France , 28/10/13 . https://doi.org/10.1109/DigitalHeritage.2013.6743757
conference
9781479931682
PURE: 75969621
PURE UUID: 0c1aa9fb-e2bd-4257-bf7b-2f7774d0e44d
Scopus: 84896747211
ORCID: /0000-0003-1209-9063/work/40546684
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4190
https://doi.org/10.1109/DigitalHeritage.2013.6743757
http://www.digitalheritage2013.org/
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=6743693
eng
Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage), 2013
© 2013 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
IEEE
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/196502023-04-19T00:15:38Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2020-03-13T10:30:08Z
urn:hdl:10023/19650
Under his thumb the effect of president Donald Trump’s Twitter messages on the US stock market
Brans, Heleen
Scholtens, Bert
University of St Andrews. School of Management
University of St Andrews. Centre for Responsible Banking and Finance
HB Economic Theory
HD61 Risk Management
HF Commerce
DAS
Does president Trump’s use of Twitter affect financial markets? The president frequently mentions companies in his tweets and, as such, tries to gain leverage over their behavior. We analyze the effect of president Trump’s Twitter messages that specifically mention a company name on its stock market returns. We find that tweets from the president which reveal strong negative sentiment are followed by reduced market value of the company mentioned, whereas supportive tweets do not render a significant effect. Our methodology does not allow us to conclude about the exact mechanism behind these findings and can only be used to investigate short-term effects.
2020-03-13T10:30:08Z
2020-03-13T10:30:08Z
2020-03-11
Journal article
Brans , H & Scholtens , B 2020 , ' Under his thumb the effect of president Donald Trump’s Twitter messages on the US stock market ' , PLoS ONE , vol. 15 , no. 3 , e0229931 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229931
1932-6203
PURE: 266884620
PURE UUID: 948d322f-1d22-4306-aeb4-0257a99c9841
RIS: urn:8C91AF8FEB65B48BBF58D2CAED0C4348
ORCID: /0000-0001-5774-5191/work/70619045
Scopus: 85081136165
WOS: 000535284700049
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19650
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229931
eng
PLoS ONE
Copyright © 2020 Brans, Scholtens.This is an open access article distributed unde rthe terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/79632024-03-01T00:38:25Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2016-01-05T10:12:06Z
urn:hdl:10023/7963
Well quasi-order in combinatorics : embeddings and homomorphisms
Huczynska, Sophie
Ruskuc, Nik
Czumaj et al., A
EPSRC
University of St Andrews. Pure Mathematics
University of St Andrews. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Computational Algebra
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
QA Mathematics
T-NDAS
The notion of well quasi-order (wqo) from the theory of ordered sets often arises naturally in contexts where one deals with infinite collections of structures which can somehow be compared, and it then represents a useful discriminator between ‘tame’ and ‘wild’ such classes. In this article we survey such situations within combinatorics, and attempt to identify promising directions for further research. We argue that these are intimately linked with a more systematic and detailed study of homomorphisms in combinatorics.
2016-01-05T10:12:06Z
2016-01-05T10:12:06Z
2015-07
2016-01-01
Conference item
Huczynska , S & Ruskuc , N 2015 , Well quasi-order in combinatorics : embeddings and homomorphisms . in A Czumaj et al. (ed.) , Surveys in Combinatorics 2015 . London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series , no. 424 , Cambridge University Press , Cambridge , pp. 261-293 , 25th British Combinatorial Conference , Conventry , United Kingdom , 6/07/15 . https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316106853.009
conference
9781107462502
9781316106853
0076-0552
ORCID: /0000-0003-2415-9334/work/73702053
ORCID: /0000-0002-0626-7932/work/74117796
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/7963
10.1017/CBO9781316106853.009
EP/J006440/1
eng
Surveys in Combinatorics 2015
London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series
Cambridge University Press
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/50182024-02-15T00:42:50Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2014-07-15T15:01:01Z
urn:hdl:10023/5018
Spermidine feeding decreases age-related locomotor activity loss and induces changes in lipid composition
Minois, Nadège
Rockenfeller, Patrick
Smith, Terry K
Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
QH301 Biology
Spermidine is a natural polyamine involved in many important cellular functions, whose supplementation in food or water increases life span and stress resistance in several model organisms. In this work, we expand spermidine's range of age-related beneficial effects by demonstrating that it is also able to improve locomotor performance in aged flies. Spermidine's mechanism of action on aging has been primarily related to general protein hypoacetylation that subsequently induces autophagy. Here, we suggest that the molecular targets of spermidine also include lipid metabolism: Spermidine-fed flies contain more triglycerides and show altered fatty acid and phospholipid profiles. We further determine that most of these metabolic changes are regulated through autophagy. Collectively, our data suggests an additional and novel lipid-mediated mechanism of action for spermidine-induced autophagy.
2014-07-15T15:01:01Z
2014-07-15T15:01:01Z
2014-07-10
Journal article
Minois , N , Rockenfeller , P , Smith , T K & Carmona-Gutierrez , D 2014 , ' Spermidine feeding decreases age-related locomotor activity loss and induces changes in lipid composition ' , PLoS One , vol. 9 , no. 7 , e102435 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102435
1932-6203
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/5018
10.1371/journal.pone.0102435
eng
PLoS One
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/50672024-02-15T00:42:35Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2014-07-24T08:01:01Z
urn:hdl:10023/5067
The niche construction perspective : a critical appraisal
Scott-Phillips, Thomas C.
Laland, Kevin N.
Shuker, David M.
Dickins, Thomas E.
West, Stuart A.
European Research Council
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity
Adaptation
Adaptationism
Evolution
Natural selection
Niche
Niche construction
Evolutionary synthesis
Interacting phenotypes
Lactase persistence
Social interactions
Extended phenotype
Uncluive fitness
Sexual selection
Kin selection
Evo-devo
Consequences
QH301 Biology
For financial support, the authors thank Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, The Economic and Social Research Council, The Natural Environment Research Council, the Leverhulme Trust, the European Research Council, and the Royal Society.
Niche construction refers to the activities of organisms that bring about changes in their environments, many of which are evolutionarily and ecologically consequential. Advocates of niche construction theory (NCT) believe that standard evolutionary theory fails to recognize the full importance of niche construction, and consequently propose a novel view of evolution, in which niche construction and its legacy over time (ecological inheritance) are described as evolutionary processes, equivalent in importance to natural selection. Here, we subject NCT to critical evaluation, in the form of a collaboration between one prominent advocate of NCT, and a team of skeptics. We discuss whether niche construction is an evolutionary process, whether NCT obscures or clarifies how natural selection leads to organismal adaptation, and whether niche construction and natural selection are of equivalent explanatory importance. We also consider whether the literature that promotes NCT overstates the significance of niche construction, whether it is internally coherent, and whether it accurately portrays standard evolutionary theory. Our disagreements reflect a wider dispute within evolutionary theory over whether the neo-Darwinian synthesis is in need of reformulation, as well as different usages of some key terms (e.g., evolutionary process).
2014-07-24T08:01:01Z
2014-07-24T08:01:01Z
2014-05
Journal item
Scott-Phillips , T C , Laland , K N , Shuker , D M , Dickins , T E & West , S A 2014 , ' The niche construction perspective : a critical appraisal ' , Evolution , vol. 68 , no. 5 , pp. 1231-1243 . https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12332
0014-3820
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/5067
10.1111/evo.12332
eng
Evolution
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/65132023-04-18T09:58:57Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2015-04-17T10:01:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/6513
ESG integration and the investment management process : fundamental investing reinvented
van Duuren, E.
Plantinga, A.
Scholtens, B.
University of St Andrews. School of Management
University of St Andrews. Centre for Responsible Banking and Finance
ESG investing
Asset management
Survey
Fundamental investing
HF5601 Accounting
We investigate how conventional asset managers account for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors in their investment process. We do so on the basis of an international survey among fund managers. We find that many conventional managers integrate responsible investing in their investment process. Furthermore, we find that ESG information in particular is being used for red flagging and to manage risk. We find that many conventional fund managers have already adopted features of responsible investing in the investment process. Furthermore, we argue and show that ESG investing is highly similar to fundamental investing. We also reveal that there is a substantial difference in the ways in which U.S. and European asset managers view ESG.
2015-04-17T10:01:02Z
2015-04-17T10:01:02Z
2015-03-19
Journal article
van Duuren , E , Plantinga , A & Scholtens , B 2015 , ' ESG integration and the investment management process : fundamental investing reinvented ' , Journal of Business Ethics . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2610-8
0167-4544
PURE: 181705559
PURE UUID: f7cc04c7-591e-4e7e-80a7-0cc9c3645a92
Scopus: 84925275044
ORCID: /0000-0001-5774-5191/work/27162434
WOS: 000385349500008
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6513
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2610-8
eng
Journal of Business Ethics
© The Author(s) 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/149442023-04-25T23:49:51Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2018-07-04T23:34:27Z
urn:hdl:10023/14944
Strategies for radiolabelling antibody, antibody fragments and affibodies with fluorine-18 as tracers for positron emission tomography (PET)
Clark, Joshua
O'Hagan, David
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
Fluorine-18
Positron emission tomography
Antibody
Antibody fragment
Bioconjugation
QD Chemistry
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
The use of fluorine-18 as a radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) has become increasingly popular over the last two decades and cancer and neurology clinical centres worldwide are increasingly establishing competence in this modality for diagnostic imaging. Progress has been particularly impressive for small molecule pharmaceutical candidates and low molecular weight affinity peptides, where clearance rates of the peptides in the body are compatible with the half-life of fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 110 min). However high molecular weight proteins present challenges as they circulate and clear much more slowly. This review focuses on the methods used to radiolabel antibodies and their derivatives with fluorine-18 as tracers for PET. The very high specificity of these biomolecules for disease indicators at the molecular level makes labelling them attractive, however antibodies can circulate for days within the blood, with slow clearance times due to their high molecular weights, and this is inconsistent with the relatively short half-life of fluorine-18. Thus, lower molecular weight fragments of antibodies present more realistic targets for labelling. This review describes the approaches and protocols which have been successfully used to radiolabel antibodies and particularly antibody fragments with fluorine-18, and highlights this challenging aspect of fluorine-18 labelling for PET imaging.
2018-07-04T23:34:27Z
2018-07-04T23:34:27Z
2017-11
2018-07-05
Journal item
Clark , J & O'Hagan , D 2017 , ' Strategies for radiolabelling antibody, antibody fragments and affibodies with fluorine-18 as tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) ' , Journal of Fluorine Chemistry , vol. 203 , pp. 31-46 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.08.001
0022-1139
PURE: 250673993
PURE UUID: 8332f9c5-0f10-40ae-b456-3f82e0d87361
RIS: urn:CEF62C6666A10A63289C51744EFCB300
Scopus: 85028083015
WOS: 000418727100003
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14944
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.08.001
eng
Journal of Fluorine Chemistry
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.08.001
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/160032023-04-25T23:52:05Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2018-09-10T23:35:49Z
urn:hdl:10023/16003
Deciphering the state of the late Miocene to early Pliocene equatorial Pacific
Drury, A. J.
Lee, G. P.
Gray, W. R.
Lyle, M.
Westerhold, T.
Shevenell, A. E.
John, C. M.
University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
Planktic foraminifera stable isotope records
Late Miocene to early Pliocene
Equatorial Pacific mean state
Surface ocean conditions
Biogenic bloom
Mg/Ca sea surface temperature
GE Environmental Sciences
GC Oceanography
DAS
SDG 13 - Climate Action
A.J. Drury was funded by a Janet Watson studentship from Imperial College London.
The late Miocene-early Pliocene was a time of global cooling and the development of modern meridional thermal gradients. Equatorial Pacific sea surface conditions potentially played an important role in this global climate transition, but their evolution is poorly understood. Here, we present the first continuous late Miocene-early Pliocene (8.0-4.4 Ma) planktic foraminiferal stable isotope records from eastern equatorial Pacific Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1338, with a new astrochronology spanning 8.0-3.5 Ma. Mg/Ca analyses on surface dwelling foraminifera Trilobatus sacculifer from carefully selected samples suggest mean sea-surface-temperatures (SSTs) are ~27.8±1.1°C (1σ) between 6.4-5.5 Ma. The planktic foraminiferal δ18O record implies a 2°C cooling between 7.2-6.1 Ma and an up to 3°C warming between 6.1-4.4 Ma, consistent with observed tropical alkenone paleo-SSTs. Diverging fine-fraction-to-foraminiferal δ13C gradients likely suggest increased upwelling from 7.1-6.0 and 5.8-4.6 Ma, concurrent with the globally recognized late Miocene Biogenic Bloom. This study shows that both warm and asymmetric mean states occurred in the equatorial Pacific during the late Miocene-early Pliocene. Between 8.0-6.5 and 5.2-4.4 Ma, low east-west δ18O and SST gradients and generally warm conditions prevailed. However, an asymmetric mean climate state developed between 6.5-5.7 Ma, with larger east-west δ18O and SST gradients and eastern equatorial Pacific cooling. The asymmetric mean state suggests stronger trade winds developed, driven by increased meridional thermal gradients associated with global cooling and declining atmospheric pCO2 concentrations. These oscillations in equatorial Pacific mean state are reinforced by Antarctic cryosphere expansion and related changes in oceanic gateways (e.g., Central American Seaway/Indonesian Throughflow restriction).
2018-09-10T23:35:49Z
2018-09-10T23:35:49Z
2018-03-11
2018-09-11
Journal article
Drury , A J , Lee , G P , Gray , W R , Lyle , M , Westerhold , T , Shevenell , A E & John , C M 2018 , ' Deciphering the state of the late Miocene to early Pliocene equatorial Pacific ' , Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology , vol. Early View . https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003245
2572-4525
PURE: 252215512
PURE UUID: d97e7c56-056c-40ba-b3ae-854b9c33faed
Bibtex: urn:ef60a55192d15391c70a6b26fa9b616b
Scopus: 85045530262
WOS: 000430991200001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16003
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003245
eng
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
© 2018 American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003245
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/195822023-04-25T23:56:43Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2020-03-03T00:32:00Z
urn:hdl:10023/19582
Hydrothermal dedolomitisation of carbonate rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Zaonega Formation, NW Russia — Implications for the preservation of primary C isotope signals
Kreitsmann, T.
Külaviir, M.
Lepland, A.
Paiste, K.
Paiste, P.
Prave, A. R.
Sepp, H.
Romashkin, A.E.
Rychanchik, D.V.
Kirsimäe, K.
University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Isotope Geochemistry
Dedolomitisation
Carbonate geochemistry
Carbonate stable isotopes
Shunga Event
QE Geology
DAS
SDG 14 - Life Below Water
This study was supported by Estonian Science Agency project PUT696 and PRG447, and Estonian Centre of Analytical Chemistry. K.P. and A.L. were supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme grant No. 223259.
The Paleoproterozoic Zaonega Formation in Karelia, NW Russia, has played a key role in understanding the environmental conditions postdating the Great Oxidation and Lomagundi-Jatuli Events. Its carbonate- and organic-rich rocks (shungite) define the postulated Shunga Event representing an accumulation of very organic-rich sediments at c. 2 Ga and are central in ideas about changing ocean-atmosphere composition in the wake of those worldwide biogeochemical phenomena. Our work focussed on a key interval of carbonate rocks in the upper part of the Formation to: (i) obtain new high-resolution carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope data complemented by detailed petrography and mineralogical characterisation and (ii) expand upon previous studies by using our data to constrain geochemical modelling and show in greater detail how magmatic hydrothermal fluids induced dedolomitisation and altered geochemical signals. Our findings show that the δ13Ccarb of calcite-rich intervals are the most altered, with values between −16.9 to 0.6‰, whereas the dolomite-dominated parts retain the best-preserved (i.e. most original) values. Those define a trend of steadily increasing δ13Ccarb, from −6 to +0.5‰, which we interpret as a return to normal marine conditions and carbonate‑carbon values following the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event.
2020-03-03T00:32:00Z
2020-03-03T00:32:00Z
2019-05-05
2020-03-03
Journal article
Kreitsmann , T , Külaviir , M , Lepland , A , Paiste , K , Paiste , P , Prave , A R , Sepp , H , Romashkin , A E , Rychanchik , D V & Kirsimäe , K 2019 , ' Hydrothermal dedolomitisation of carbonate rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Zaonega Formation, NW Russia — Implications for the preservation of primary C isotope signals ' , Chemical Geology , vol. 512 , pp. 43-57 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.03.002
0009-2541
PURE: 258217131
PURE UUID: 0edb7bbe-44a1-4781-bcf0-643e0bea36e0
RIS: urn:EE5CF7103711DEEAC311AB6657F6C0C6
Scopus: 85062560225
WOS: 000461651600004
ORCID: /0000-0002-4614-3774/work/64033718
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19582
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.03.002
eng
Chemical Geology
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.03.002
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/242722024-03-10T00:43:30Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-11-06T00:41:45Z
urn:hdl:10023/24272
Geography and decolonisation
Clayton, Daniel
Kumar, M. Satish
University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development
Decolonisation
Empire
Geographical knowledge
Post-war global politics
G Geography (General)
JV Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
T-NDAS
SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities
This introduction to a special issue on Geography and Decolonisation examines the complex relationship between the discipline of geography and the process of post-war decolonisation. It argues that little attention has been paid to decolonisation within geographical thought and scholarship or to the role that geographers played in the dissolution of colonial empires. It discusses the semantic difficulties surrounding the term decolonisation and examines the ways in which it used in current projects to reshape the academy and the production of knowledge. Serving as an introduction to the five substantive papers in the special issue it identifies cross-cutting themes and sets out a case for further examination of the spatiality of decolonisation.
2021-11-06T00:41:45Z
2021-11-06T00:41:45Z
2019-11-06
2021-11-06
Journal article
Clayton , D & Kumar , M S 2019 , ' Geography and decolonisation ' , Journal of Historical Geography , vol. 65 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2019.10.006
0305-7488
ORCID: /0000-0003-2557-5495/work/64360606
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/24272
10.1016/j.jhg.2019.10.006
eng
Journal of Historical Geography
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/216892024-02-20T00:43:42Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-03-23T11:30:07Z
urn:hdl:10023/21689
Targeted helping and cooperation in zoo-living chimpanzees and bonobos
Nolte, Suska
Call, Josep
European Research Council
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
Cooperation
Chimpanzees
Altruism
Bonobos
Instrumental helping
RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
QH301 Biology
QL Zoology
DAS
Funding: European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework 819 Programme (FP7/2017-2013) under grant agreement No. 609819 – SOMICS.
Directly comparing the prosocial behaviour of our two closest living relatives, bonobos and chimpanzees, is essential to deepening our understanding of the evolution of human prosociality. We examined whether helpers of six dyads of chimpanzees and bonobos transferred tools to a conspecific. In the experiment ‘Helping’, transferring a tool did not benefit the helper, while in the experiment ‘Cooperation’, the helper only obtained a reward by transferring the correct tool. Chimpanzees did not share tools with conspecifics in either experiment, except for a mother–daughter pair, where the mother shared a tool twice in the experiment ‘Helping’. By contrast, all female–female bonobo dyads sometimes transferred a tool even without benefit. When helpers received an incentive, we found consistent transfers in all female–female bonobo dyads but none in male–female dyads. Even though reaching by the bonobo receivers increased the likelihood that a transfer occurred, we found no significant species difference in whether receivers reached to obtain tools. Thus, receivers' behaviour did not explain the lack of transfers from chimpanzee helpers. This study supports the notion that bonobos might have a greater ability to understand social problems and the collaborative nature of such tasks.
2021-03-23T11:30:07Z
2021-03-23T11:30:07Z
2021-03-10
Journal article
Nolte , S & Call , J 2021 , ' Targeted helping and cooperation in zoo-living chimpanzees and bonobos ' , Royal Society Open Science , vol. 8 , no. 3 , 201688 . https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201688
2054-5703
ORCID: /0000-0002-8597-8336/work/91340983
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/21689
10.1098/rsos.201688
609819
eng
Royal Society Open Science
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/204652024-02-23T00:44:06Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2020-08-14T09:30:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/20465
The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55 cal kBP)
Reimer, Paula J.
Austin, William
Bard, Edouard
Bayliss, Alex
Blackwell, Paul G.
Ramsey, Christopher Bronk
Butzin, Martin
Cheng, Hai
Edwards, R. Lawrence
Friedrich, Michael
Grootes, Pieter M.
Guilderson, Thomas P.
Hajdas, Irka
Heaton, Timothy J.
Hogg, Alan G.
Hughen, Konrad A.
Kromer, Bernd
Manning, Sturt W.
Muscheler, Raimund
Palmer, Jonathan G.
Pearson, Charlotte
van der Plicht, Johnannes
Reimer, Ron W.
Richards, David A.
Scott, E. Marian
Southon, John R.
Turney, Christian S. M.
Wacker, Lukas
Adolphi, Florian
Büntgen, Ulf
Capano, Manuela
Fahrni, Simon
Fogtmann-Schulz, Alexandra
Friedrich, Ronny
Köhler, Peter
Kudsk, Sabrina
Miyake, Fusa
Olsen, Jesper
Reinig, Frederick
Sakamoto, Minoru
Sookdeo, Adam
Talamo, Sahra
NERC
University of St Andrews. Coastal Resources Management Group
University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
Calibration curve
Radiocarbon
IntCal20
GE Environmental Sciences
3rd-DAS
BDC
R2C
Authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants NSFC 41888101 and NSFC 41731174, the 111 program of China (D19002), U.S. NSF Grant 1702816, and the Malcolm H. Wiener Foundation for support for research that contributed to the IntCal20 curve. The work on the Swiss and German YD trees was funded by the German Science foundation and the Swiss National Foundation (grant number: 200021L_157187). The operation in Aix-en-Provence is funded by the EQUIPEX ASTER-CEREGE, the Collège de France and the ANR project CARBOTRYDH (to EB). The work on the correlation of tree ring 14C with ice core 10Be was partially supported by the Swedish Research Council and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation. M. Butzin is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the PalMod project (grant number: 01LP1505B). S. Talamo and M. Friedrich. are funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement No. 803147-RESOLUTION, awarded to ST). C. Turney would like to acknowledge support of the Australian Research Council (FL100100195 and DP170104665). P. Reimer and W. Austin acknowledge the support of the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (Grant NE/M004619/1).
Radiocarbon (14C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international 14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable 14C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the 14C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine 14C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals.
2020-08-14T09:30:02Z
2020-08-14T09:30:02Z
2020-08
Journal article
Reimer , P J , Austin , W , Bard , E , Bayliss , A , Blackwell , P G , Ramsey , C B , Butzin , M , Cheng , H , Edwards , R L , Friedrich , M , Grootes , P M , Guilderson , T P , Hajdas , I , Heaton , T J , Hogg , A G , Hughen , K A , Kromer , B , Manning , S W , Muscheler , R , Palmer , J G , Pearson , C , van der Plicht , J , Reimer , R W , Richards , D A , Scott , E M , Southon , J R , Turney , C S M , Wacker , L , Adolphi , F , Büntgen , U , Capano , M , Fahrni , S , Fogtmann-Schulz , A , Friedrich , R , Köhler , P , Kudsk , S , Miyake , F , Olsen , J , Reinig , F , Sakamoto , M , Sookdeo , A & Talamo , S 2020 , ' The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55 cal kBP) ' , Radiocarbon , vol. 62 , no. 4 , pp. 725-757 . https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41
0033-8222
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/20465
10.1017/RDC.2020.41
NE/M004619/1
eng
Radiocarbon
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/158102023-04-25T23:53:47Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2018-08-13T09:30:08Z
urn:hdl:10023/15810
Validation of the Oncomine™ Focus Panel for Next Generation Sequencing of clinical tumour samples
Williams, Hannah L.
Walsh, Kathy
Diamond, Austin
Oniscu, Anca
Deans, Zandra C.
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Next-generation sequencing
Molecular pathology
Clinical validation
FFPE
RB Pathology
RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer)
T Technology
DAS
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
The clinical utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for a diverse range of targets is expanding, increasing the need for multiplexed analysis of both DNA and RNA. However, translation into daily use requires a rigorous and comprehensive validation strategy. The aim of this clinical validation was to assess the performance of the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (IonPGM™) and validate the Oncomine™ Focus DNA and RNA Fusion panels for clinical application in solid tumour testing of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. Using a mixture of routine FFPE and reference material across a variety of tissue and specimen types, we sequenced 86 and 31 samples on the Oncomine™ Focus DNA and RNA Fusion assays, respectively. This validation considered a number of parameters including the clinical robustness of the bioinformatics pipeline for variant detection and interpretation. The Oncomine™ Focus DNA assay had a sample and variant-based sensitivity of 99.1 and 97.1%, respectively, and an assay specificity of 100%. The Oncomine™ Focus Fusion panel had a good sensitivity and specificity based upon the samples assessed, however requires further validation to confirm findings due to limited sample numbers. We observed a good sequencing performance based upon amplicon, gene (hotspot variants within gene) and sample specific analysis with 92% of clinical samples obtaining an average amplicon coverage above 500X. Detection of some indels was challenging for the routine IonReporter™ workflow; however, the addition of NextGENe® software improved indel identification demonstrating the importance of both bench and bioinformatic validation. With an increasing number of clinically actionable targets requiring a variety of methodologies, NGS provides a cost-effective and time-saving methodology to assess multiple targets across different modalities. We suggest the use of multiple analysis software to ensure identification of clinically applicable variants.
2018-08-13T09:30:08Z
2018-08-13T09:30:08Z
2018-08-13
Journal article
Williams , H L , Walsh , K , Diamond , A , Oniscu , A & Deans , Z C 2018 , ' Validation of the Oncomine™ Focus Panel for Next Generation Sequencing of clinical tumour samples ' , Virchows Archiv , vol. First Online . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-018-2411-4
0945-6317
PURE: 254608713
PURE UUID: b26c8382-722c-432a-89a1-ed6260e6c01a
Scopus: 85051872040
WOS: 000446380500011
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15810
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-018-2411-4
eng
Virchows Archiv
© The Author(s) 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/33082023-04-18T09:47:04Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2012-12-18T17:01:01Z
urn:hdl:10023/3308
The global regime of language recognition
Kamusella, Tomasz Dominik
University of St Andrews. School of History
Bible translation
Global regime
Internet
ISO 639
Language recognition
Proselytism
P Philology. Linguistics
There is no universally accepted working linguistic definition of a language; the distinction between a dialect and a language is a political question. On the basis of a discussion of this problem, the article proposes that the ISO 639 family of standards, issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), amounts to the backbone of an emerging global regime of language recognition. This regime is being rapidly coaxed into being by the booming IT industry and by the Internet, both of which require clear-cut and uniform standards on languages and their scripts in order to function efficiently and profitably. A potentially undesirable and divisive foundation of the regulatory regime, stemming from and meeting the distinctive sectoral purposes of the world of Evangelicalism and Bible translation, is a hurdle to be overcome in achieving a universally accepted system of language standards. Despite efforts by other actors, there is no viable secular alternative in prospect, because the religiously-grounded system has an established and substantial “first mover” advantage in the field.
2012-12-18T17:01:01Z
2012-12-18T17:01:01Z
2012-11-21
Journal article
Kamusella , T D 2012 , ' The global regime of language recognition ' , International Journal of the Sociology of Language , vol. 2012 , no. 218 , pp. 59-86 . https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2012-0059
0165-2516
PURE: 41354666
PURE UUID: 561c2632-4a14-482a-8565-76c5642c90f6
Scopus: 84876867368
ORCID: /0000-0003-3484-8352/work/42102780
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3308
https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2012-0059
eng
International Journal of the Sociology of Language
This is an author version of this work. The final publication (c) 2012 Walter de Gruyter GmbH is available at www.degruyter.com
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/206532023-04-19T00:09:44Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2020-09-20T23:39:40Z
urn:hdl:10023/20653
Testing the role of same-sex sexual behaviour in the evolution of alternative male reproductive phenotypes
Rayner, Jack
Bailey, Nathan W.
NERC
University of St Andrews. School of Biology
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity
Alternative reproductive tactics
Behavioural syndrome
Field cricket
Non-adaptive behaviour
Same-sex sexual behaviour
SSB
Teleogryllus oceanicus
QH301 Biology
NDAS
NWB is grateful to the Natural Environmental Research Council for funding that supported this work (NE/L011255/1).
Male same-sex sexual behaviour (SSB), where males court or attempt to mate with other males, is common among animal taxa. Recent studies have examined its fitness costs and benefits in attempts to understand its evolutionary maintenance, but the evolutionary consequences of SSB are less commonly considered. One potential impact of SSB might be to facilitate the evolution of traits associated with less sexually dimorphic males, such as alternative reproductive tactics, by diverting costly aggression from other males. To test this, we capitalized on the recent rapid spread of a silent male morph of the field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, which is unable to produce characteristic male acoustic signals, benefits from satellite mating behaviour and has feminized appearance and cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. We tested the prediction that interactions involving these nonsignalling, less sexually dimorphic male morphs would show heightened rates of SSB, which could reduce the strength of male–male competition and permit greater access to females. We found no evidence that SSB was more common in trials involving silent males. Instead, SSB was predicted by courtship of females presented during a pretrial treatment. Our results provide evidence supporting the view that SSB represents a spillover of sexually selected courtship behaviour in a nonadaptive context, but do not support a strong role for SSB in the evolution of less ornamented males in this system.
2020-09-20T23:39:40Z
2020-09-20T23:39:40Z
2019-11
2020-09-21
Journal article
Rayner , J & Bailey , N W 2019 , ' Testing the role of same-sex sexual behaviour in the evolution of alternative male reproductive phenotypes ' , Animal Behaviour , vol. 157 , pp. 5-11 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.08.017
0003-3472
PURE: 260935534
PURE UUID: 85247fc2-4133-46e6-8223-c23d35359289
ORCID: /0000-0003-3531-7756/work/62311883
Scopus: 85072326878
WOS: 000493780600002
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20653
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.08.017
NE/L011255/1
eng
Animal Behaviour
Copyright © 2019 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.08.017
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/205922022-05-03T11:31:22Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2020-09-09T11:30:05Z
urn:hdl:10023/20592
Investigating self-recognition in bonobos : mirror exposure reduces looking time to self but not unfamiliar conspecifics
Shorland, Gladez
Genty, Emilie
Guéry, Jean-Pascal
Zuberbühler, Klaus
University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution
University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
Delayaed self-recognition
Mental representation
Looking time
Pan paniscus
Self-awareness
Primate cognition
Social intelligence
Intelligence
Theory of mind
Evolution of cognition
BF Psychology
DAS
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 283871 and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Social learning in primate communication: 31003A_166458 / Coordinating joint action in apes: Testing the boundaries of the human interaction engine: CR31I3_159655).
The question of whether animals have some sort ofself-awareness is a topic of continued debate. A necessary precondition forself-awareness is the ability to visually discriminate the self from others,which has traditionally been investigated through mirror self-recognition experiments.Although great apes generally pass such experiments, interpretations of resultshave remained controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate howbonobos (Pan paniscus) respond todifferent types of images of themselves and others, both before and afterprolonged mirror exposure. We first presented presumably mirror-naive subjectswith representations of themselves in three different ways (mirror image,contingent and non-contingent video footage) as well as representations ofothers (video footage of known and unknown conspecifics). We found thatsubjects paid significantly less attention to contingent images of themselves(mirror image, video footage) than to non-contingent images of themselves andunfamiliar individuals, suggesting they perceived the non-contingent self-imageas novel. We then provided subjects with three months of access to a largemirror centrally positioned in the enclosure. Following this manipulation,subjects showed significantly reduced interest in the non-contingentself-images, while interest in unknown individuals remained unchanged,suggesting that the mirror experience has led to a fuller understanding oftheir own self. We discuss implications of this preliminary investigation forthe on-going debate on self-awareness in animals.
2020-09-09T11:30:05Z
2020-09-09T11:30:05Z
2020-08-28
2020-08-28
Journal article
Shorland , G , Genty , E , Guéry , J-P & Zuberbühler , K 2020 , ' Investigating self-recognition in bonobos : mirror exposure reduces looking time to self but not unfamiliar conspecifics ' , PeerJ , vol. 8 , e9685 . https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9685
2167-8359
PURE: 269224823
PURE UUID: f1fd229c-6183-4c5a-990e-a966e01cc339
ORCID: /0000-0001-8378-088X/work/80257438
WOS: 000563710000003
Scopus: 85091523061
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20592
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9685
https://peerj.com/articles/9685/#supplemental-information
eng
PeerJ
Copyright © 2020 Shorland et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/292982024-02-21T03:00:28Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2024-02-20T11:30:06Z
urn:hdl:10023/29298
The finance perspective on fossil fuel divestment
Plantinga, Auke
Scholtens, Bert
University of St Andrews. Finance (Business School)
HG Finance
Environmental Science(all)
Social Sciences(all)
SDG 13 - Climate Action
This paper reviews the fossil fuel divestment literature. It argues that the origin of climate change is in the ‘carbon shield’, meaning that fossil fuel firms are not held sufficiently responsible for their externalities. By divesting from these firms, investors do not want to be complicit. The literature differentiates three dimensions in the fossil fuel divestment debate: Justification, Impact, and Agent. The first discusses the justification for divesting, whereas the second discusses the impact of divesting on financial performance and/or emissions, and the third relates to how to accomplish divesting and its consequences for individual agents. The review concludes that the number of perspectives used to analyze the divestment debate is rising, that the environmental and financial impact of divestment is very limited, and that a wide variety of agents relate to divesting from fossil fuel.
2024-02-20T11:30:06Z
2024-02-20T11:30:06Z
2024-02
Journal item
Plantinga , A & Scholtens , B 2024 , ' The finance perspective on fossil fuel divestment ' , Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability , vol. 66 , 101394 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2023.101394
1877-3435
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29298
10.1016/j.cosust.2023.101394
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85180566266&partnerID=8YFLogxK
eng
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/283642023-12-07T12:30:01Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2023-09-13T15:30:06Z
urn:hdl:10023/28364
Politics, the constitution and the independence movement in Scotland since devolution
Petrie, Malcolm R.
University of St Andrews. School of History
University of St Andrews. Institute of Legal and Constitutional Research
Scottish independence
Devolution
SNP
Referendum
JN1187 Scotland
T-NDAS
This article explores the course of Scottish politics since the establishment of the devolved parliament in 1999. It begins by considering the political roots of devolution before assessing the extent to which the electoral successes of the Scottish National Party (SNP) at the 2007 and 2011 devolved elections indicated a rise in support for Scottish independence. The focus then shifts to the political consequences of the 2014 independence referendum, in particular the relationship between the ‘Yes’ campaign and the SNP, as well as the changing social composition of the SNP's electoral support. The article concludes by examining the attempts of the SNP, and the wider independence movement, to secure a second independence referendum before reviewing recent political developments in Scotland.
2023-09-13T15:30:06Z
2023-09-13T15:30:06Z
2023-12-07
Journal article
Petrie , M R 2023 , ' Politics, the constitution and the independence movement in Scotland since devolution ' , Political Quarterly , vol. 94 , no. 4 , pp. 518-525 . https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.13311
0032-3179
PURE: 293759696
PURE UUID: f0280afe-4701-4419-8afa-e63dd19fe656
ORCID: /0000-0001-6399-2463/work/142499124
Scopus: 85170711833
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28364
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.13311
eng
Political Quarterly
Copyright © 2023 The Authors. The Political Quarterly published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Political Quarterly Publishing Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/291762024-02-07T03:00:19Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2024-02-06T15:30:01Z
urn:hdl:10023/29176
On the distribution of the Cold Neutral Medium in galaxy discs
Smith, Rowan J.
Tress, Robin
Soler, Juan D.
Klessen, Ralf S.
Glover, Simon C. O.
Hennebelle, Patrick
Molinari, Sergio
Low, Mordecai-Mark Mac
Whitworth, David
University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
Methods: numerical
ISM: kinematics and dynamics
ISM: structure
RR-NDAS
Funding: RJS gratefully acknowledges an STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (grant ST/N00485X/1); European Research Council (ERC) via the ERC Synergy Grant ‘ECOGAL’ (grant 855130).
The Cold Neutral Medium (CNM) is an important part of the galactic gas cycle and a precondition for the formation of molecular and star forming gas, yet its distribution is still not fully understood. In this work we present extremely high resolution simulations of spiral galaxies with time-dependent chemistry such that we can track the formation of the CNM, its distribution within the galaxy, and its correlation with star formation. We find no strong radial dependence between the CNM fraction and total HI due to the decreasing interstellar radiation field counterbalancing the decreasing gas column density at larger galactic radii. However, the CNM fraction does increase in spiral arms where the CNM distribution is clumpy, rather than continuous, overlapping more closely with H2. The CNM doesn't extend out radially as far as HI, and the vertical scale height is smaller in the outer galaxy compared to HI with no flaring. The CNM column density scales with total midplane pressure and disappears from the gas phase below values of PT/kB =1000 K/cm3. We find that the star formation rate density follows a similar scaling law with CNM column density to the total gas Kennicutt-Schmidt law. In the outer galaxy we produce realistic vertical velocity dispersions in the HI purely from galactic dynamics but our models do not predict CNM at the extremely large radii observed in HI absorption studies of the Milky Way. We suggest that extended spiral arms might produce isolated clumps of CNM at these radii.
2024-02-06T15:30:01Z
2024-02-06T15:30:01Z
2023-09
Journal article
Smith , R J , Tress , R , Soler , J D , Klessen , R S , Glover , S C O , Hennebelle , P , Molinari , S , Low , M-M M & Whitworth , D 2023 , ' On the distribution of the Cold Neutral Medium in galaxy discs ' , Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , vol. 524 , no. 1 , pp. 873-885 . https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1537
0035-8711
PURE: 298979684
PURE UUID: 825b7a46-5653-48c8-8eac-af96b9c842cf
ArXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/2301.08265v2
Scopus: 85166033440
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/29176
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1537
eng
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Copyright © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/35692023-04-25T23:35:48Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2013-05-29T15:01:01Z
urn:hdl:10023/3569
Emmanuel de Martonne et la naissance de la Grande Roumanie
Bowd, Gavin Philip
University of St Andrews. French
Emmanuel de Martonne
la Grande Roumanie
Frontieres
PQ Romance literatures
SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
The research of Emmanuel de Martonne (1873–1955) in the field of physical goegraphy, in its many forms, made him the leading geographer, not only in France, but on an international level. His immense body of work also covers human geography : La Valachie, a doctoral thesis published in 1902, remains a model of the Vidalian regional monograph. But it must be pointed out that de Martonne’s work is not limited to a strictly scientific and disinterested domain. By its very nature, his geographical work is bound up with history, and therefore political circumstances, something which is clearly displayed in his long and passionate relationship with Romania. It is before the Great War, on the frontier between Hungary and Romania, that Emmanuel de Martonne begins his work as a geographer. Enamoured of a landscape and a people, this eminent scholar will serve the cause of ‘Greater Romania’ : firstly as a supporter of Romanian intervention in the European conflict, then as a ‘drawer of frontiers’ at the Versailles Peace Conference. Here we see how geography can be used in political projects, rivalries over territories and debates on identity.
2013-05-29T15:01:01Z
2013-05-29T15:01:01Z
2011
Journal article
Bowd , G P 2011 , ' Emmanuel de Martonne et la naissance de la Grande Roumanie ' , Revue Roumaine de Geographie , vol. 55 , no. 2 , pp. 103-120 .
1220-5311
PURE: 18278831
PURE UUID: 45764fcd-3085-4746-bfe5-68959bcb66b4
ORCID: /0000-0002-3748-0656/work/60427126
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3569
http://www.rjgeo.ro/revue%2055_2.html
fra
Revue Roumaine de Geographie
This article is deposited by permission of the publisher, the Romanian Academy Publishing House
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/209402023-04-26T00:10:06Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2020-11-10T15:30:17Z
urn:hdl:10023/20940
Virology, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2
Cevik, Muge
Kuppalli, Krutika
Kindrachuk, Jason
Peiris, Malik
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. Infection and Global Health Division
COVID-19
Coronavirus
nCoV
SARS-CoV-2
Novel coronavirus
QR355 Virology
RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
T-NDAS
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
2020-11-10T15:30:17Z
2020-11-10T15:30:17Z
2020-10-23
Journal article
Cevik , M , Kuppalli , K , Kindrachuk , J & Peiris , M 2020 , ' Virology, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 ' , British Medical Journal , vol. 371 , m3862 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3862
0959-8138
PURE: 271050786
PURE UUID: ea1c497b-a32d-4663-9e75-b2c854907146
PubMed: 33097561
ORCID: /0000-0003-1133-3874/work/83086107
Scopus: 85094684287
WOS: 000581581500001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20940
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3862
eng
British Medical Journal
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3862
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/174012022-06-08T09:30:09Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2019-03-30T00:37:59Z
urn:hdl:10023/17401
Reactivity of hemilabile pyridyl- and methyl-substituted pyrimidylselenolates with [MCl2(dppf)] (M = Pd, Pt; dppf = bis(diphenylphisphino)ferrocene)
Chauhan, Rohit Singh
Cordes, David B.
Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.
Yadav, Seema
Dash, Chandrakanta
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
Selenolate
NMR
X-ray
dppf
QD Chemistry
DAS
One of the authors (RSC) is grateful to DST for the financial support under the DST young scientist scheme YSS/2014/000797.
The bis(diphenylphisphino)ferrocene (dppf) derived palladium analogue of [PdCl2(dppf)] on reaction with the sodium salt of pyridyl/pyrimidyl selenolate yielded mononuclear cis configured complex [Pd(SeAr)2(dppf)] (Ar = C5H4N, C4H(4,6-Me)2N2), as did the platinum precursor [PtCl2(dppf)] with methyl substituted pyrimidyl salt giving [Pt{SeC4H(4,6-Me)2N2}2(dppf)]. In contrast, the reaction of platinum precursor with the sodium salt of pyridylselenolate gave two different complexes [Pt2(μ-SeC5H4N)2(dppf)2]2+ and [Pt(Cl)(SeC5H4N)(dppf)] depending in the reaction solvent. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and NMR (1H, 31P) spectroscopy. The molecular structure of [Pt{SeC4H(4,6-Me)2N2}2(dppf)] was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
2019-03-30T00:37:59Z
2019-03-30T00:37:59Z
2018-06-01
2019-03-30
Journal article
Chauhan , R S , Cordes , D B , Slawin , A M Z , Yadav , S & Dash , C 2018 , ' Reactivity of hemilabile pyridyl- and methyl-substituted pyrimidylselenolates with [MCl 2 (dppf)] (M = Pd, Pt; dppf = bis(diphenylphisphino)ferrocene) ' , Inorganica Chimica Acta , vol. 478 , pp. 125-129 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2018.03.034
0020-1693
PURE: 252702670
PURE UUID: 9874e7bf-f831-4423-8a5d-b6f83b8acd69
RIS: urn:E5A47BA56D5978E2B7C9F11129ACD0D5
Scopus: 85045253409
ORCID: /0000-0002-5366-9168/work/43387996
ORCID: /0000-0002-9527-6418/work/56861439
WOS: 000430989200016
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17401
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2018.03.034
eng
Inorganica Chimica Acta
© 2018 Elsevier B. V. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2018.03.034
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/121352023-04-18T10:14:55Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2017-11-18T00:32:16Z
urn:hdl:10023/12135
Lessons learned in tuning the optoelectronic properties of phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes
Henwood, Adam F.
Zysman-Colman, Eli
University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry
University of St Andrews. Organic Semiconductor Centre
University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM
QD Chemistry
T-NDAS
EZ-C acknowledges past and present group members for their tireless efforts and enthusiasm and the University of St Andrews for financial support. The authors would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for financial support for Adam Henwood (EPSRC DTG Grants: EP/J500549/1; EP/K503162/1; EP/L505097/1)
This perspective illustrates our approach in the design of heteroleptic cationic iridium(III) complexes for optoelectronic applications, especially as emitters in electroluminescent devices. We discuss changes in the photophysical properties of the complexes as a consequence of modification of the electronics of either the cyclometalating (C^N) or the ancillary (N^N) ligands. We then broach the impact on these properties as a function of modification of the structure of both types of ligands. We explain trends in the optoelectronic behaviour of the complexes using a combination of rationally designed structure-property relationship studies and theoretical modelling that serves to inform subsequent ligand design. However, we have found cases where the design paradigms do not always hold true. Nevertheless, all these studies contribute to the lessons we have learned in the design of heteroleptic cationic phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes.
2017-11-18T00:32:16Z
2017-11-18T00:32:16Z
2017-01-16
2017-11-17
Journal article
Henwood , A F & Zysman-Colman , E 2017 , ' Lessons learned in tuning the optoelectronic properties of phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes ' , Chemical Communications , vol. 53 , no. 5 , pp. 807-826 . https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC06729H
1359-7345
PURE: 247933689
PURE UUID: d38b6749-72e0-4bdc-ae42-48b04de3f09c
Scopus: 85009197937
ORCID: /0000-0001-7183-6022/work/56639122
WOS: 000393797900001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12135
https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC06729H
eng
Chemical Communications
© 2016 the Authors. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC06729H
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/61642022-09-04T11:30:14Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2015-03-03T14:31:02Z
urn:hdl:10023/6164
Bayesian hierarchical modelling of continuous non-negative longitudinal data with a spike at zero : an application to a study of birds visiting gardens in winter
Swallow, Benjamin Thomas
Buckland, Stephen Terrence
King, Ruth
Toms, Mike
EPSRC
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute
Bayesian hierarchical model
Continuous nonnegative data
Excess zeros
Tweedie distributions
QA Mathematics
QH301 Biology
NDAS
BDC
R2C
The development of methods for dealing with continuous data with a spike at zero has lagged behind those for overdispersed or zero‐inflated count data. We consider longitudinal ecological data corresponding to an annual average of 26 weekly maximum counts of birds, and are hence effectively continuous, bounded below by zero but also with a discrete mass at zero. We develop a Bayesian hierarchical Tweedie regression model that can directly accommodate the excess number of zeros common to this type of data, whilst accounting for both spatial and temporal correlation. Implementation of the model is conducted in a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework, using reversible jump MCMC to explore uncertainty across both parameter and model spaces. This regression modelling framework is very flexible and removes the need to make strong assumptions about mean‐variance relationships a priori. It can also directly account for the spike at zero, whilst being easily applicable to other types of data and other model formulations. Whilst a correlative study such as this cannot prove causation, our results suggest that an increase in an avian predator may have led to an overall decrease in the number of one of its prey species visiting garden feeding stations in the United Kingdom. This may reflect a change in behaviour of house sparrows to avoid feeding stations frequented by sparrowhawks, or a reduction in house sparrow population size as a result of sparrowhawk increase.
2015-03-03T14:31:02Z
2015-03-03T14:31:02Z
2016-03
Journal article
Swallow , B T , Buckland , S T , King , R & Toms , M 2016 , ' Bayesian hierarchical modelling of continuous non-negative longitudinal data with a spike at zero : an application to a study of birds visiting gardens in winter ' , Biometrical Journal , vol. 58 , no. 2 , pp. 357-371 . https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.201400081
0323-3847
PURE: 146315813
PURE UUID: 4f3df57d-b8ec-419f-af62-b662a8a2b9a2
Scopus: 84959198866
WOS: 000372174400007
ORCID: /0000-0002-9939-709X/work/73701036
ORCID: /0000-0002-0227-2160/work/118411947
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6164
https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.201400081
EP/I000917/1
eng
Biometrical Journal
2015 The Author. Biometrical Journal published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/217532024-03-11T00:44:25Zcom_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_880
2021-04-01T09:30:15Z
urn:hdl:10023/21753
Automated detection and classification of desmoplastic reaction at the colorectal tumour front using deep learning
Nearchou, Ines P.
Ueno, Hideki
Kajiwara, Yoshiki
Lillard, Kate
Mochizuki, Satsuki
Takeuchi, Kengo
Harrison, David J.
Caie, Peter D.
University of St Andrews. Cellular Medicine Division
University of St Andrews. Sir James Mackenzie Institute for Early Diagnosis
University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
University of St Andrews. Centre for Biophotonics
Deep learning
Image analysis
Desmoplastic reaction
Colorectal cancer
Digital pathology
QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer)
E-DAS
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Funding: This study was funded by Medical Research Scotland, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the British Council and Indica Labs, Inc. who also provided in kind resource.
The categorisation of desmoplastic reaction (DR) present at the colorectal cancer (CRC) invasive front into mature, intermediate or immature type has been previously shown to have high prognostic significance. However, the lack of an objective and reproducible assessment methodology for the assessment of DR has been a major hurdle to its clinical translation. In this study, a deep learning algorithm was trained to automatically classify immature DR on haematoxylin and eosin digitised slides of stage II and III CRC cases (n = 41). When assessing the classifier’s performance on a test set of patient samples (n = 40), a Dice score of 0.87 for the segmentation of myxoid stroma was reported. The classifier was then applied to the full cohort of 528 stage II and III CRC cases, which was then divided into a training (n = 396) and a test set (n = 132). Automatically classed DR was shown to have superior prognostic significance over the manually classed DR in both the training and test cohorts. The findings demonstrated that deep learning algorithms could be applied to assist pathologists in the detection and classification of DR in CRC in an objective, standardised and reproducible manner.
2021-04-01T09:30:15Z
2021-04-01T09:30:15Z
2021-03-31
Journal article
Nearchou , I P , Ueno , H , Kajiwara , Y , Lillard , K , Mochizuki , S , Takeuchi , K , Harrison , D J & Caie , P D 2021 , ' Automated detection and classification of desmoplastic reaction at the colorectal tumour front using deep learning ' , Cancers , vol. 13 , no. 7 , 1615 . https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071615
2072-6694
ORCID: /0000-0001-9041-9988/work/91685660
ORCID: /0000-0002-0031-9850/work/91685819
ORCID: /0000-0002-1863-5413/work/91685912
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/21753
10.3390/cancers13071615
eng
Cancers
didl///col_10023_880/100