2024-03-29T10:42:44Zhttps://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/oai/requestoai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/91202023-04-18T10:11:13Zcom_10023_30com_10023_117com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_861col_10023_118col_10023_880
Reply to Blackson
Weatherson, Brian James
University of St Andrews. School of Philosophical, Anthropological and Film Studies
University of St Andrews. Philosophy
B Philosophy (General)
Thomas Blackson argues that interest-relative epistemologies cannot explain the irrationality of certain choices when the agent has three possible options. I argue that his examples only refute a subclass of interest-relative theories. In particular, they are good objections to theories that say that what an agent knows depends on the stakes involved in the gambles that she faces. But they are not good objections to theories that say that what an agent knows depends on the odds involved in the gambles that she faces. Indeed, the latter class of theories does a better job than interest-invariant epistemologies of explaining the phenomena he describes.
2016-07-12T15:30:03Z
2016-07-12T15:30:03Z
2016-07-12T15:30:03Z
2016
Journal article
Weatherson , B J 2016 , ' Reply to Blackson ' , Journal of Philosophical Research , vol. 41 , pp. 73-75 . https://doi.org/10.5840/jpr201663072
2153-7984
PURE: 244241593
PURE UUID: 01713948-2af8-4a88-8f72-ae5d219c605a
Scopus: 85049138247
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9120
https://doi.org/10.5840/jpr201663072
eng
Journal of Philosophical Research
Copyright 2016 Philosophy Documentation Center. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jpr201663072
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/39882023-07-25T10:30:05Zcom_10023_30com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_861col_10023_880
The soft-source impedance of the lip-reed : experimental measurements with an artificial mouth
Harrison, Reginald
Kemp, Jonathan A
Newton, Michael
University of St Andrews. Music Centre
Brass
Lip
Soft
Source
Input
Impedance
ML Literature of music
QC Physics
Acoustics and Ultrasonics
Most theoretical descriptions of the brass instrument lip-reed consider the acoustical condition at the lips to be a closed, rigid termination, corresponding to a unitary reflectance. This assumption is carried through to many computational models as well. In reality, the protrusion of the player's lips into the mouthpiece causes a periodic shortening/extension of the acoustical tube downstream, an effect sometimes but not always incorporated into such models. Of interest here is the absorption properties of the lip termination, the so-called 'soft source impedance'. This provides a further modification to the boundary condition at the lips, since the soft, deformable nature of the lips are likely to cause some extra damping of the acoustic standing wave. Measurements are presented to demonstrate this damping effect using an artificial mouth. This is achieved through measurements of the lip reflectance from downstream of the lips, from where it is shown that the reflectance shows a dip at the peak absorbance frequency of the lips. The frequency of the absorbance is shown to vary as the lip parameters are changed.
2013-08-23T15:28:22Z
2013-08-23T15:28:22Z
2013-08-23T15:28:22Z
2013-06-02
Conference item
Harrison , R , Kemp , J A & Newton , M 2013 , The soft-source impedance of the lip-reed : experimental measurements with an artificial mouth . in Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics . vol. 19 , Acoustical Society of America (ASA) , Melville, NY , Proceedings of the 21st International Congress on Acoustics , Montréal , Canada , 2/06/13 . https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4800567
conference
1939-800X
PURE: 66481951
PURE UUID: f6036dad-ea01-4e2f-8b25-1db97fb79763
Scopus: 84878979775
ORCID: /0000-0002-3861-4863/work/37034228
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3988
https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4800567
http://asadl.org/poma/resource/1/pmarcw/v19/i1/p035074_s1?bypassSSO=1
eng
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
Copyright (2013) American Acoustical Society. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America. The following article appeared in Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, Volume 19, and may be found at http://asadl.org/poma/resource/1/pmarcw/v19/i1/p035074_s1
Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/93892023-04-18T10:02:40Zcom_10023_30com_10023_117com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_861col_10023_118col_10023_880
Schellenberg on the epistemic force of experience
McGrath, Matthew
University of St Andrews. School of Philosophical, Anthropological and Film Studies
University of St Andrews. Philosophy
Evidence
Perceptual Justification
Perception
Content of Experience
B Philosophy (General)
According to Schellenberg, our perceptual experiences have the epistemic force they do because they are exercises of certain sorts of capacity, namely capacities to discriminate particulars—objects, property-instances and events—in a sensory mode. She calls her account the ‘‘capacity view.’’ In this paper, I will raise three concerns about Schellenberg’s capacity view. The first is whether we might do better to leave capacities out of our epistemology and take content properties as the fundamental epistemically relevant features of experiences. I argue we would. The second is whether Schellenberg’s appeal to factive and phenomenal evidence accommodates the intuitive verdicts about the bad case that she claims it does. I argue it does not. The third is whether Schellenberg’s account of factive evidence is adequate to capture nuances concerning the justification for singular but non demonstrative perceptual beliefs, such as the belief that’s NN, where NN is a proper name. I argue it is not. If I am right, these points suggest a mental-state-first account of perceptual justification, rather than a capacity-first account, and one which treats the good and bad cases alike in respect of justification and complicates the relation between perceptual content and what one is justified in believing.
2016-08-28T23:34:32Z
2016-08-28T23:34:32Z
2016-08-28T23:34:32Z
2016-04
Journal article
McGrath , M 2016 , ' Schellenberg on the epistemic force of experience ' , Philosophical Studies , vol. 173 , no. 4 , pp. 897-905 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-015-0529-7
0031-8116
PURE: 215729582
PURE UUID: 0f4a4871-15b3-4ad4-ba1f-6855249626cc
Scopus: 84961129201
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9389
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-015-0529-7
eng
Philosophical Studies
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-015-0529-7
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/111692023-04-18T10:04:25Zcom_10023_30com_10023_117com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_861col_10023_118col_10023_880
Memory, belief and time
Weatherson, Brian James
University of St Andrews. School of Philosophical, Anthropological and Film Studies
University of St Andrews. Philosophy
Memory
Knowledge
Belief
Rationality
Time
B Philosophy (General)
I argue that what evidence an agent has does not supervene on how she currently is. Agents do not always have to infer what the past was like from how things currently seem; sometimes the facts about the past are retained pieces of evidence that can be the start of reasoning. The main argument is a variant on Frank Arntzenius’s Shangri La example, an example that is often used to motivate the thought that evidence does supervene on current features.
2017-07-08T23:33:20Z
2017-07-08T23:33:20Z
2017-07-08T23:33:20Z
2016-01-08
Journal article
Weatherson , B J 2016 , ' Memory, belief and time ' , Canadian Journal of Philosophy , vol. 45 , no. 5-6 . https://doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2015.1125250
0045-5091
PURE: 230788799
PURE UUID: 3626b403-d855-4c15-91a2-3ebb31b5eb76
Scopus: 84954114294
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11169
https://doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2015.1125250
eng
Canadian Journal of Philosophy
© 2015 Canadian Journal of Philosophy. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. This is the author created, accepted version manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2015.1125250
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/71392023-04-18T10:01:22Zcom_10023_30com_10023_117com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_861col_10023_118col_10023_880
Recombination and paradox
Uzquiano, Gabriel
University of St Andrews. School of Philosophical, Anthropological and Film Studies
University of St Andrews. Philosophy
BC Logic
2015-08-06T14:10:01Z
2015-08-06T14:10:01Z
2015-08-06T14:10:01Z
2015-08
Journal article
Uzquiano , G 2015 , ' Recombination and paradox ' , Philosophers' Imprint , vol. 15 , no. 19 .
1533-628X
PURE: 205541332
PURE UUID: f18ae5c6-51de-415c-a37c-28fef73e0412
Scopus: 84939799353
WOS: 000360789000001
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7139
http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3521354.0015.019
eng
Philosophers' Imprint
Copyright 2015 Uzquiano. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/97472023-04-18T09:55:59Zcom_10023_30com_10023_120com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_861col_10023_121col_10023_880
Debating irony and the ironic as a social phenomenon and a human capacity
Rapport, Nigel Julian
Stade, Ronald
University of St Andrews. Social Anthropology
University of St Andrews. School of Philosophical, Anthropological and Film Studies
GN Anthropology
What follows is a set of paired articles, followed by a statement by both authors where they debate their distinct positions. Both articles treat irony, but while Rapport looks to it as a possible liberal virtue, a means of dealing with radical difference in a modern democracy, including the illiberal, Stade approaches irony from an ontological position that considers social relationships and cultural contingencies to be but one facet of human existence and irony and alienation to have an existential depth, the study of which can facilitate a rapprochement between sociocultural and philosophical anthropology. The paired articles are pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, perhaps: irony as world-mocking as well as world-tolerant.
2016-11-02T00:33:10Z
2016-11-02T00:33:10Z
2016-11-02T00:33:10Z
2014-11
Journal article
Rapport , N J & Stade , R 2014 , ' Debating irony and the ironic as a social phenomenon and a human capacity ' , Social Anthropology , vol. 22 , no. 4 , pp. 443-478 . https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12089
0964-0282
PURE: 160048785
PURE UUID: d16c3581-6c57-4c9a-af1d-60afacdeb661
Scopus: 84911876751
ORCID: /0000-0003-2803-0212/work/90112047
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9747
https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12089
eng
Social Anthropology
© 2014 European Association of Social Anthropologists. This is the accepted version of the following article: Rapport N. and Stade R. (2014), DEBATE, Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale, 22, pages 443–478, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12089.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/39572023-07-25T10:30:04Zcom_10023_30com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_861col_10023_880
Modeling pulse-like lip vibrations in brass instruments
Kemp, Jonathan A
Smith, Richard
University of St Andrews. Music Centre
Lip
Pulse
Brass
Tension
Surface
QC Physics
ML Literature of music
Acoustics and Ultrasonics
During the starting transient of a note on a brass instrument it can take several cycles of lip vibration before acoustics reflections from the end of the instrument can influence the lip frequency. Under certain conditions the lip may fail to oscillate at the pitch of the air column resulting in an unwanted pulse-like waveform with relatively low repetition rates (similar to the vocal fry register of phonation in the human voice). This is often observed in the playing of beginners if the lips are insufficiently tense or if the top and bottom lips overlap to a large extent. In this study the reasons for this behavior will be investigated using modeling techniques with the aim of improving the agreement between physical models and measured transients by including the forces responsible for this effect.
2013-08-13T14:01:01Z
2013-08-13T14:01:01Z
2013-08-13T14:01:01Z
2013-06-02
Conference item
Kemp , J A & Smith , R 2013 , Modeling pulse-like lip vibrations in brass instruments . in Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics . vol. 19 , Acoustical Society of America (ASA) , Melville, NY , The 21st International Congress on Acoustics , Montreal , Canada , 2/07/13 . https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4799610
conference
1939-800X
PURE: 64381707
PURE UUID: 80eb7d4e-1deb-4230-b86a-f990ea5abbb6
Scopus: 84878976885
ORCID: /0000-0002-3861-4863/work/37034234
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3957
https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4799610
eng
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
Copyright © 2013 Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America. The following article appeared in Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, Volume 19, and may be found at http://asadl.org/poma/resource/1/pmarcw/v19/i1/p035055_s1
Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/170822024-03-27T00:43:00Zcom_10023_30com_10023_117com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_861col_10023_118col_10023_880
Sosa on epistemic value : a Kantian obstacle
McGrath, Matthew
University of St Andrews. School of Philosophical, Anthropological and Film Studies
University of St Andrews. Philosophy
Epistemic norms
Knowledge
Epistemology
Value
Epistemic value
Kant
B Philosophy (General)
In recent work, Sosa proposes a comprehensive account of epistemic value based on an axiology for attempts. According to this axiology, an attempt is better if it succeeds, better still if it is apt (i.e., succeeds through competence), and best if it is fully apt, (i.e., guided to aptness by apt beliefs that it would be apt). Beliefs are understood as attempts aiming at the truth. Thus, a belief is better if true, better still if apt, and best if fully apt. I raise a Kantian obstacle for Sosa's account, arguing that the quality or worth of an attempt is independent of whether it succeeds. In particular, an attempt can be fully worthy despite being a failure. I then consider whether Sosa's competence-theoretic framework provides the resources for an axiology of attempts that does not place so much weight on success. I discuss the most promising candidate, an axiology grounded in the competence of attempts, or what Sosa calls adroitness. An adroit attempt may fail. I raise doubts about whether an adroitness-based axiology can provide a plausible explanation of the worthiness of subjects' beliefs in epistemically unfortunate situations, such as the beliefs of the brain in a vat. I conclude by speculating that the notion of a belief's fit with what the subject has to go on, a notion missing from Sosa's competence-theoretic framework, is crucial to explaining epistemic worth.
2019-02-17T00:34:32Z
2019-02-17T00:34:32Z
2019-02-17T00:34:32Z
2018-02-17
Journal item
McGrath , M 2018 , ' Sosa on epistemic value : a Kantian obstacle ' , Synthese , vol. First Online . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-1717-8
0039-7857
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/17082
10.1007/s11229-018-1717-8
eng
Synthese
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/39562022-04-05T15:30:33Zcom_10023_30com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_861col_10023_880
Time domain wave separation using multiple microphones
Kemp, Jonathan A
van Walstijn, Maarten
Campbell, Murray
Chick, John
Smith, Richard
University of St Andrews. Music Centre
Wave separation
Multiple microphones
Tubular systems
Steady state measurements
Reflectometry measurements
QC Physics
TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Methods of measuring the acoustic behavior of tubular systems can be broadly characterized as steady state measurements, where the measured signals are analyzed in terms of infinite duration sinusoids, and reflectometry measurements which exploit causality to separate the forward and backward going waves in a duct. This paper sets out a multiple microphone reflectometry technique which performs wave separation by using time domain convolution to track the forward and backward going waves in a cylindrical source tube. The current work uses two calibration runs one for forward going waves and one for backward going waves to measure the time domain transfer functions for each pair of microphones. These time domain transfer functions encode the time delay, frequency dependent losses and microphone gain ratios for travel between microphones. This approach is applied to the measurement of wave separation, bore profile and input impedance. The work differs from existing frequency domain methods in that it combines the information of multiple microphones within a time domain algorithm, and differs from existing time domain methods in its inclusion of the effect of losses and gain ratios in intermicrophone transfer functions.
2013-08-13T11:31:02Z
2013-08-13T11:31:02Z
2013-08-13T11:31:02Z
2010-07
Journal article
Kemp , J A , van Walstijn , M , Campbell , M , Chick , J & Smith , R 2010 , ' Time domain wave separation using multiple microphones ' , Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol. 128 , no. 1 , pp. 195-205 . https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3392441
0001-4966
PURE: 23418649
PURE UUID: 9f524907-5c0b-4e4f-8d8d-b6d71caa0e98
Scopus: 77955200116
ORCID: /0000-0002-3861-4863/work/37034235
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3956
https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3392441
eng
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
© 2010 Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America. The article appeared in JASA 128 (1) pp. 195-205 and may be found at http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v128/i1/p195_s1.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/39582024-03-15T00:41:05Zcom_10023_30com_10023_879com_10023_878col_10023_861col_10023_880
Wave separation in the trumpet under playing conditions and comparison with time domain finite difference simulation
Kemp, Jonathan A
Bilbao, Stefan
McMaster, James
Smith, Richard
University of St Andrews. Music Centre
Brass
Wave separation
Trumpet
Physical modelling
Synthesis
Lip
Finite difference
QC Physics
ML Literature of music
Acoustics and Ultrasonics
Wave separation within a trumpet is presented using three high pressure microphones to measure pressure waves within the curved, constant cross-section tuning slide of the instrument while the instrument was being played by a virtuoso trumpet player. A closer inter-microphone spacing was possible in comparison to previous work through the use of time domain windowing on non-causal transfer functions and performing wave separation in the frequency domain. Time domain plots of the experimental wave separation were then compared to simulations using a physical model based on a time domain finite difference simulation of the trumpet bore coupled to a one mass, two degree of freedom lip model. The time domain and frequency spectra of the measured and synthesized sounds showed a similar profile, with the sound produced by the player showing broader spectral peaks in experimental data. Using a quality factor of 5 for the lip model was found to give greater agreement between the simulated and experimental starting transients in comparison to the values in the range 1–3 often assumed. Deviations in the spectral content and wave shape provide insights into the areas where future research may be directed in improving the accuracy of physical modeling synthesis.
2013-08-13T14:31:01Z
2013-08-13T14:31:01Z
2013-08-13T14:31:01Z
2013-08
Journal article
Kemp , J A , Bilbao , S , McMaster , J & Smith , R 2013 , ' Wave separation in the trumpet under playing conditions and comparison with time domain finite difference simulation ' , Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol. 134 , no. 2 , pp. 1395-1406 . https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4812254
0001-4966
ORCID: /0000-0002-3861-4863/work/37034219
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/3958
10.1121/1.4812254
eng
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America