2024-03-28T14:41:17Zhttps://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/oai/requestoai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/143032019-03-29T16:07:48Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Fleet Street's dilemma : the British press and the Soviet Union, 1933-1941
Nanson, Steffanie Jennifer
Vysny, Paul
DA566.7N2
Great Britain--Foreign relations--1910-1936
Press--Great Britain--History--20th century
British press opinion concerning the Soviet Union in the 1930s contributes to an understanding of the failed cooperation, prior to 1941, between the British and Soviet Governments. During the trial of six British engineers in Moscow in 1933, the conservative press jingoistically responded by demanding stringent economic action against the Soviet Union and possibly severing diplomatic cooperation. The liberal and labour press expected relations to improve to prevent similar trials of Britons in the future. Despite the strain in relations and ideological differences, between 1934 and 1935, Britain and the USSR worked for collective security. The quality conservative press was willing to support a closer relationship, though popular conservative newspapers remained anti-Soviet. The liberal and labour press, though hoping for more, expressed relief that Britain was improving relations with the Soviet Union. The Spanish Civil War led the conservative press to resume its non-collective beliefs and to become ideologically critical of the Soviet Union. The provincial conservative newspapers were the exceptions. Liberal and labour papers were annoyed with the British refusal to cooperate with the USSR over Spain and became disappointed by the Government's decision to support appeasement rather than collective action. While the British Government reviewed the benefits of collective security, the Moscow show trials damaged Britain's belief in the stability of the USSR. All papers realised there was something seriously wrong in the Soviet Union. The conservative press advocated avoiding cooperation with a country weakened by purging. The liberal and labour press, though concerned about the image of the USSR, realised that Britain required an East European ally and called for an improvement of existing relations. In 1939 nearly every newspaper demanded the British Government form an alliance with the USSR against Hitler's aggression and criticised both governments for wasting time. Condemnation of the Soviet Union's signing of the Nazi-Soviet pact and role in the partition of Poland was relatively limited as hope remained that Britain and the USSR would collaborate to defeat Hitler. However, the Winter War strained these hopes and led to intense press condemnation of the Soviet attack on Finland. Nevertheless, in July 1940 newspapers became interested in the emerging conflict of interests between Germany and the USSR. Despite criticism of Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe, the press accepted that Britain's security depended on the Soviet Union. All newspapers welcomed the alliance in 1941 and ignored ideological issues.
1997-07
2018-06-20T09:28:27Z
2018-06-20T09:28:27Z
Thesis
Doctoral
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14303
en
application/pdf
viii, 284 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/286972023-11-15T10:15:39Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Through pots and pans: culinary and cultural bonds between China and Japan, 1868-1980s
Xie, Zhentian
Lawson, Konrad M.
Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation
GT2853A78X5
Cooking, Chinese--History
Cooking, Japanese--History
Food habits--China--History
Food habits--Japan--History
China--Relations--Japan--History
Japan--Relations--China--History
Since the late 19th century, the ways of eating in China and Japan have become more similar than at any other time in history. Numerous shared elements have reshaped both countries' culinary culture. New dishes, skills and ingredients were created due to cultural interaction and mutual inspiration. Culinary exchange offers an often-overlooked perspective on the Sino-Japanese relationship and the development of East Asian regional bonds in modern times. While existing studies have explored the introduction of Chinese cuisine into Japan and its associations with empire and a post-war economic boom, this dissertation discusses how Pan-Asianism, and the Sino-Japanese relationship at its foundation, played a role in two-way culinary exchanges before and during the Second World War. Figures such as Zhou Zuoren, Marumoto Shōzō and Yamada Masahira attempted to use cuisine as a tool to recreate connections between China and Japan. This dissertation argues that, from 1868 to the 1980s, Sino-Japanese culinary exchanges helped formulate a foundation of shared experiences among a growing number of people from different groups on each side. The culinary bond formed by this common experience continued after the collapse of wartime Pan-Asianist ambitions, and, in turn, significantly reshaped the development of modern Chinese and Japanese cuisine in a postwar context marked by divergent paths in relation to the relative impact of women’s cooking role and domestic cuisine as key agents in this culinary interaction. Furthermore, this dissertation has demonstrated that both cuisines exhibited a process of internalizing each other’s culinary elements, which contributed to their uniqueness within the global expansion of mid-cuisine. Using cuisine as the agent, this dissertation provides a reconsideration of the Sino-Japanese relationship alongside its political, economic, and military dimensions, focusing on people's daily life and ideas under the intense communication between China and Japan in the early and mid-20th century.
2023-11-29
2023-11-14T15:37:55Z
2023-11-14T15:37:55Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28697
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/661
19636
en
application/pdf
application/msword
284
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/292442024-02-15T03:00:43Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Iranian foreign policy and legitimation : an examination of Iranian nuclear deal and interventions in Iraq and Syria
Sadeghi, Parnian
Ansari, Ali M.
DS318.83S2
Abstract redacted
2021-12-01
2024-02-14T16:58:37Z
2024-02-14T16:58:37Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29244
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/763
en
2026-11-02
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 2nd November 2026
application/pdf
217 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/132382019-03-29T16:07:50Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Johann Sleidan and the Protestant vision of history
Kess, Alexandra H.
Pettegree, Andrew
BR304.S6K4
Sleidanus, Johannes, 1506-1556.
Sleidanus, Johannes, 1506-1556.--De statu religionis et reipublicae, Carolo Quinto Caesare, comentarii.
Reformation--Germany.
Germany--Church history--Charles V, 1519-1556--Historiography.
The main focus of interest in this PhD dissertation is the Reformation historian and diplomat Johann Sleidan (1506-1556). Born in Schleiden and brought up together with Strasbourg's famous Jean Sturm, Sleidan soon entered a period of active political life with his employment at the chancellory of Cardinal Jean Du Bellay in Paris in the mid-1530s. There and later in Strasbourg his main concern was to encourage a rapprochement or possible alliance between France and the German Protestants. It was also in Paris that Sleidan discovered history as his second passion. After translating key French historians into Latin, Sleidan moved on to produce his own works of a political-historical nature. His main work, De statu religionis et reipublicae Carolo Quinto Caesare commentarii, 'Commentaries on religion and state under Emperor Charles V', published in 1555, was initially commissioned by the Schmalkaldic League as the official history of the Reformation. Despite early hostile reactions, this history was an immediate success with the buying public, published in numerous editions and by the year 1560 circulated in six different languages. Chapters one to three explore Sleidan's biography in depth. The collection and analysis of contemporary correspondence has provided the cornerstone for a new narrative of Sleidan's life in the second half of this thesis I move to a detailed study of his principal published works. Chapter four concentrates on Sleidan's main work, the Commentaries. After placing this history in the context of contemporary German history writing, I examine this work in detail, treating its genesis, character, and methodology. I examine the unexpectedly hostile reactions to the first edition and its very rapid success with purchasers. I then move on to consider the longer-term reaction to Sleidan's great work, first in Germany and then in France. I explore the controversies aroused by Sleidan's work, among both Catholics and Protestants, and in contrast, the great respect for his scholarship that also straddled the religious confessions. Sleidan provided the context through which I have been able to analyse the life of a scholar in the sixteenth century, and the works of one of the foremost historians of the new evangelical movement. His life and his works have not, until this point, been placed in a broader context. His work as a translator and historian provides an excellent example of the movement of text around the cultural communities of Europe. Sleidan played a vital part in this process by offering Latin translations of leading French historians which would later be translated into other languages, and by publishing his own works in German or Latin, which were then translated into many other vernaculars. But Sleidan was also engaged in the world of public affairs. Sleidan's position in Du Bellay's chancellery in Paris has provided a new picture of French evangelism. This contact was not given up when Sleidan moved to Strasbourg. The Franco-imperial city has been shown again as one of the cultural centres of Europe from where an intellectual and political elite operated on a cross-national and cross-confessional level. Strasbourg with its francophone scholars was also the Schmalkaldic League's gateway to France. Sleidan's connections as a diplomat linked Germany and France, and have formed the basis for a new study of those in the Franco-German world who shared Sleidan's concerns to promote peace across the religious divide.
2004
2018-04-26T15:06:05Z
2018-04-26T15:06:05Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13238
en
application/pdf
x, 366 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/9032019-03-29T16:07:52Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The mobilisation and transmission of memories within the Pied-Noir and Harki communities, 1962-2007
Eldridge, Claire
Tyre, Stephen
Pied-Noir
Harki
Decolonisation
Algerian War of Independence
France
Memory
DT295.3A1E6
Harkis--France--History--20th century
Pieds-Noirs--France--History--20th century
Algeria--History--Revolution, 1954-1962--Psychological aspects
Focusing on the legacies of the Algerian War of Independence (1954-62), this thesis challenges the perception that this was the ‘war without a name’ by exploring the ways in which memories have been preserved, mobilised, and transmitted by those who experienced the conflict, but who have generally operated under the radar of public consciousness. In particular, it examines the pieds-noirs, the former European settlers of Algeria, and the harkis, Algerians who fought for the French as auxiliaries during the war. Finding their lives in Algeria untenable upon independence, both populations migrated en masse to France where they have organised collectively as diaspora communities to challenge the hegemony of official narratives in order to legitimate their own interpretations of this contentious past. The purpose of such an investigation is to re-evaluate the conventional historical periodisation of a ‘forgotten’ war that made a dramatic return to public attention during the 1990s by revealing a continual presence of memory and commemorative activity within these communities. Through consultation of a wide range of sources, including extensive use of previously neglected audiovisual material, the historical recollections of these two communities are reconstructed in detail and examined from a comparative perspective. This thesis also seeks to analyse and historicize the present guerres de mémoire phenomenon whereby as the public profile of the war has risen in recent years, the different historical interpretations held by groups such as the pieds-noirs and harkis have increasingly come into open conflict, particularly over the issue of commemoration with each seeking to see their version of the past enshrined in official rituals and monuments. Finally, the thesis offers new historical context intended to contribute to enhancing understanding of the ongoing process by which France continues to ‘face up’ to its colonial past and deal with the complex contemporary legacies of this era.
2010-06-24
2010-06-08T13:44:13Z
2010-06-08T13:44:13Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/903
en
application/pdf
vii, 268 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/114772021-07-15T08:48:42Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Title redacted
Limbach, Saskia
Pettegree, Andrew
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
University of St Andrews. School of History
Royal Historical Society (Great Britain)
German Historical Institute in London
Bibliographical Society (Great Britain)
German History Society (Great Britain)
Max-Planck-Institut für Europäische Rechtsgeschichte
Z147.L5
2017-06
2017-08-15T14:27:51Z
2017-08-15T14:27:51Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11477
en
2027-05-04
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 4th May 2027
xi, 255, 47 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/121532022-10-27T13:34:09Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The Court of Louis XIII, 1610-1643
Jaffré, Marc W. S.
Rowlands, Guy
University of St Andrews
Centre de recherche du château de Versailles
Louis XIII
Royal court
Early modern France
Ancien Régime
Cardinal Richelieu
Royal ceremonial
Royal favourites
Entertainment
DC123.3J2
Louis XIII, King of France, 1601-1643
France--History--Louis XIII, 1610-1643
Court and courtiers--France
Louis XIII's reign has long garnered historians' and popular interest. The king of Cardinal Richelieu and the three musketeers, Louis is traditionally viewed as having presided over the development of the French state and facilitated the rise of absolutism. Yet his court has received comparatively little attention. Traditionally understood as the reflection of its master, Louis XIII's court has been assumed to be backwards and inconsequential. On the contrary, this thesis contends that Louis's court experienced substantial institutional development and expansion over the course of his rule. Neither Louis nor Richelieu was the principal instigator of this growth. The main drivers were the courtiers themselves who sought to expand their prerogatives and to find new ways of profiting from their offices. The changes that were initiated from the top down were not determined by a broad, sweeping agenda held by Louis or his minister-favourites but rather by immediate needs and contingencies. Cardinal Richelieu, nonetheless, recognised that Louis's court really mattered for high politics in this period: the royal households produced key players for the governance of the realm, either gravitating from court office to broader governmental office, or holding both simultaneously. Furthermore, Louis's court helped to bind the realm together, not just because it acted as a hub attracting people from the provinces but also because of the time it spent in the provinces. Richelieu, however, struggled to control this court — so vital to the direction of the French monarchy in this period — because its members were so active and vibrant. They shaped the cultural and social environment surrounding and associated with the court because they were heavily invested in the court as an institution. Indeed, the court did not only serve the needs of the monarch: courts could only operate because a large group of people had a stake in ensuring that they functioned. By establishing the importance of Louis XIII's court for the direction of the French monarchy, and his courtiers' role in moulding it, this thesis seeks to throw light on humans' fundamental relationship with power.
2017-12-08
2017-11-22T15:30:49Z
2017-11-22T15:30:49Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12153
en
2027-10-17
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 17th October 2027
390
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/159082022-10-24T08:42:37Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Dietrich von Hildebrand : a Catholic intellectual in the Weimar Republic
Kitzinger, Denis
Bavaj, Riccardo
B3359.V64K5
Von Hildebrand, Dietrich, 1889-1977
Germany--Intellectual life--20th century
Catholics--Germany--History--20th century
This thesis examines the intellectual activity of the German Catholic philosopher Dietrich
von Hildebrand (1889-1977) during the Weimar Republic (1918-1933). It fills a gap both
in the Hildebrand scholarship and the history of Weimar Catholicism. It examines
Hildebrand as an intellectual (following Stefan Collini’s analytical concept), and argues
that he can most adequately be described as a neo-conservative Catholic intellectual.
Hildebrand was a profoundly religious person whose principal goal was the personal
sanctification of educated Catholics through the renewal of the Catholic ethos. To this
end he presented the Catholic worldview not in the form of neo-scholasticism as recently
initiated by Pope Leo XIII, but in a new form. At the center of his novel presentation
stood his Catholic personalism and his phenomenological value ethics.
After an introductory chapter that outlines Hildebrand’s upbringing, formation,
and education with an eye to his conversion to the Catholic faith in 1914, the thesis
situates and analyzes Hildebrand in the context of the four main discourses that he
participated in during the Weimar Republic: Chapter two examines Hildebrand’s
contribution to the discourse on Siegkatholizismus, the confidence of Catholics to re-
Christianize German and European culture after the First World War; chapter three
examines Hildebrand’s novel justification of Catholic teaching in the discourse on the
crisis of marriage and sexuality during the middle years of the Republic; chapter four
engages his social thought and his views on the relation between person and community
during the final period of Weimar Germany; and chapter five explores Hildebrand’s
transnational activity against the background of a growing transformation of Catholic
supranational identity through nationalism shortly before the Nazi takeover of power in
1933.
2017
2018-08-30T08:51:58Z
2018-08-30T08:51:58Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15908
en
2027-11-09
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 9th November 2027
210 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/162762019-03-29T16:08:00Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Lyon publishing in the age of Catholic revival, 1565-1600
Hall, Matthew
Pettegree, Andrew
Arts and Humanities Research Board
University of St Andrews. Department of Modern History
Z310.6L96H2
Publishers and publishing--France--Lyon--History--16th century
Printing industry--France--Lyon--History--16th century
Catholic Church--France--Lyon--History--16th century
Lyon (France)--Church history--16th century
This PhD dissertation focuses upon the role of Lyon's printing industry in the revival of
Catholicism in the second half of the sixteenth century. Lyon was one of Europe's premier cities; booming trade and tolerant attitudes had been catalysts for its growth. It possessed
one of the finest and most renowned printing industries on the continent. Reputations were
turned upside down by the development of evangelical activism in the 1560s. By the late
1560s the city was once more firmly placed in the Roman Catholic camp. Lyon's presses
joined in the newly found Catholic sentiment. Presses produced a vast range of texts
necessary for the reconstruction of the Church. From the start, the commerce of the book
and the fate of Catholic revival were closely bound together. Within a decade of the fall of
the Protestant regime, Catholic authors and publishers produced steady streams of violent
pamphlet literature aimed towards the eradication of the Huguenot. With a powerful
combination of theological tomes and a flood of book and pamphlet literature addressed to
a wider audience, Lyon's printing presses held an important role in the progress of Catholic
revival.
Chapter one sketches core aspects of the history of the printing industry in Lyon from its
inception in the 1470s until 1600. Chapter two concentrates on the production of pamphlet
literature between 1565 and 1588, the years of Catholic victory and the period leading up to
the radical developments of the Holy Catholic League. Chapter three extends the survey of
the period 1565 until 1588 by addressing the body of larger religious books published.
Chapters four and five explore the role of pamphlet literature during Lyon's adherence to
the Leaguer, and then Royalist movement. Chapter six examines the production of larger
religious books throughout the years 1589 until 1600.
This study of Lyon's place in print culture demonstrates that our preconceptions of the
book culture - seen through the predominantly German model - cannot be accurately
imposed across European printing centres. Contrary to the German experience print culture
and the Counter-Reformation were inextricably linked. Moreover, French Catholic authors
were prepared to confront the evangelical movement in the medium of print. By doing so
Catholic authors and publishers fully utilised the weapons that had brought Protestantism
so much success, making them their own.
2005-06-23
2018-10-18T13:26:52Z
2018-10-18T13:26:52Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16276
en
application/pdf
xiv, 389 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/291772024-03-05T09:48:45Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25com_10023_134com_10023_39col_10023_82col_10023_169
Visual commonplacing : the transmission and reception of printed devotional images in Reformed England
Epstein, Nora
Heal, Bridget
Pettegree, Andrew
Universal Short Title Catalogue
Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art
University of St Andrews. St Leonard's College Scholarship
Woodcut
Metalcut
Book history
Relief printing
English Reformation
Tudor
Devotional books
Commonplacing
Print
Manuscript
Z1023.E7
Illustration of books--16th century--England
Christianity and literature--England--History--16th century
Book industries and trade--England--History--16th century
Transmission of texts--England--History--16th century
Early printed books--England
This thesis introduces the framework of ‘visual commonplacing’ as a way of analysing the
repeating illustrations printed in early modern English books and ephemera. This research
focuses on religious relief-cut images printed in the post-Reformation Tudor years and the
printers, publishers and readers who copied and reused illustrations. By situating this practice
within material, print and religious history we discover that copying was not uninspired or
derivative but functioned within a wider memory culture, where imitation was a function of
invention. Moreover, in a period marked by flashpoints of iconoclasm, repeating a religious
image already circulating in state-authorised print was a prudent choice for book producers.
This study begins by exploring the economic motivations for recycling images and traces
the most highly copied illustrations of the period from the earliest days of the Reformation to the
end of the Tudor period. The next chapter examines the alteration of woodcuts in the print shop,
showing how blocks were not fixed, but mutable surfaces where images could be reused while
replacing aspects of the iconography no longer acceptable in the current climate. Moving away
from workshop practices, the third chapter unpacks how repeating images served the mnemonic
aims of the book, by building specific meaning and associations through repetition. This is
followed by an investigation into how publishers exploited the echo chamber of early modern
print to circulate polemic images, furthering divisive religious strategies. Finally, we consider
how readers used the images printed in their books and broadsides in their own visual
commonplacing, by examining manuscript and embroidered copies and illustrations cut from one
work and repurposed in another. This thesis challenges past critiques that derided copying by
centring recycling on agents, detailing the creative and cognitive flexibility exhibited by visual
commonplacers.
"In addition to the generous funding of the
USTC, I am grateful for funding from the Yale University Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in
British Art and St Andrews’ St Leonard’s College Scholarship." -- Acknowledgements
2023-06-15
2024-02-06T15:34:51Z
2024-02-06T15:34:51Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29177
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-29177
en
2027-02-27
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 27th February 2027
application/pdf
362 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/185592019-09-25T12:18:53Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Title redacted
Hanson, Brian L.
Pettegree, Andrew
Rose, Jacqueline
Davenant Trust
BX5199.B346H2
2017-06-13
2019-09-25T11:45:47Z
2019-09-25T11:45:47Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18559
en
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2022-07-04
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 4th July 2022
viii, 272 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/254502022-05-25T12:00:29Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
“To promote some publick Good, by the Joint Endeavours of a Number of People” : hereditary societies in Philadelphia and Charleston, 1740-1810
Lott, Rebecca Ann
Heal, Bridget
Hart, Emma
American Revolutionary War
Colonial North America
Clubs
18th century
Associations
Charities
Charleston
Philadelphia
St. Andrew's Society
St. George's Society
German Friendly Society
German Society
Migration
Ethnicity
Scottish diaspora
English diaspora
German diaspora
Cultural Identity
Charity
Sociability
This thesis focuses on the English, German, and Scottish societies in Philadelphia and Charleston from the 1740s until the 1810s. It argues the significance of early American charitable organizations in maintaining and perpetuating social structure and social morals through uncertain, volatile circumstances. To do so, it employs a comparative focus to consider the roles of ethnicity and region and explores continuities by tying together research on the colonial, revolutionary, and early republic periods.
During the late colonial period, American hereditary societies, while being a product of and a response to their local environment, inherited their institutional structure and their views on poverty from European charitable and associational traditions. These societies fulfilled dual roles of sociability and charity and thereby supported and furthered social and moral norms by regulating who was deserving of membership or assistance. In the face of wartime disruption, the societies worked to provide relief while grappling with the intersection of their hereditary and political identities. Following the war, the societies fostered reconciliation by encouraging the reintegration of their membership and by providing continuity of their activities from before the war. In the early republic, the societies retained their hereditary identities while expressing their new patriotism through encouraging local state-building. In doing so, they supported government initiatives as well as founded their own institutions for education and healthcare. Just as they had done prior to the war, the societies’ activities worked to create normality, supported those they deemed deserving, and perpetuated their social expectations and values.
2022-06-16
2022-05-25T11:58:07Z
2022-05-25T11:58:07Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25450
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/178
en
2027-02-01
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 1st February 2027
[6], 222 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/37422019-03-29T16:08:00Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Middle class radicalism and the media : banning the bomb in Britain, 1954-65
Hill, Christopher Robert
De Groot, Gerard J.
PN5124.R295H5
Radicalism and the press--Great Britain--History--20th century
Protest movements in mass media--History--20th century
Political activists--Great Britain--Public opinion--History--20th century
Great Britain--Social conditions--20th century
Political participation--Great Britain--History--20th century
The dissertation explores the relationship between middle class radicalism and the media in Britain between 1954 and 1965. It demonstrates how developments in media
communications and discourse influenced the radical movement to ban-the-bomb. The rise
of visual and commercial media, combined with the shift of media discourse away from the frameworks of the class system and the Cold War, led to an expansion of the boundaries of democratic debate: both in terms of the issues which were open to dispute and the groups which were able to dispute them. It enabled pacifists and socialists to mobilise a movement
by co-ordinating anti-nuclear propaganda with media coverage. Since they adapted their
tactics according to the success with which they secured coverage in the media, their
relationship with it was integral to the evolution of the ban-the-bomb and peace movements.
The relationship between middle class radicalism and the media was significant not only for the political cultures of pacifism and socialism, however, but also for the nature of democracy and the public sphere in Britain. By exploiting developments in media
communications and discourse, radicals also influenced public life. The activists, artists, intellectuals and rank-and-file supporters who participated in the movement forged and popularised forms of protest in and outside of the media and the legal and political system.
2013
2013-06-20T10:01:25Z
2013-06-20T10:01:25Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3742
en
Electronic copy restricted until 23rd May 2020, pending formal approval
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations
application/pdf
xi, 268
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/269602023-05-24T02:01:32Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Educating girls : the case of Carlotta de Saxy - a transnational educator and reformer at the intersection between Milan, Lombardy, and the Habsburg Empire, c.1760s-1805
Ascoli, Cecilia
Struck, Bernhard
McGuire, Valerie Elizabeth
History
Modern history
Female history
Gender history
Social history
Habsburg Empire
Italian history
Milan
Female education
Education
Schooling
During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, education, from the hands of religious congregations, single clergymen, as well as private citizens, became codified, unified, and public. Although these developments would occur transnationally across Europe, they can greatly differ due to the numerous regional circumstances. This long process is even more complex when considering the conditions of female education which was often conducted either at home or in religious institutions with little oversight from the government. Carlotta Ercolina De Saxy Visconti (1733-1805) was a Milanese noblewoman appointed by Joseph II as superintendent of female education in Lombardy, a role she would keep after the arrival of the French troops in 1796. De Saxy, through her published books and political position, tried to translate the educational principles created in the imperian metropole into reforms that were feasible both theoretically and pragmatically in northern Italy.
De Saxy devised a free, comprehensive project dedicated to women of all social standing encompassing all aspects of education, she also included plans for funding, in addition to finding teachers, textbooks, and functional school buildings. Her work awarded her praise from intellectuals and politicians alike, and, although she never had her own salon, she succeeded in creating a network of enlightened thinkers across Italy and Europe, including Pietro Verri, Giuseppe Gorani, Pietro Metastasio, and Melchiorre Delfico. She encouraged them to publish their own work by connecting them with each other to further support their aspirations. Moreover, her Jansenist sensibilities prompted a correspondence between herself, philosopher Pietro Verri, and Jansenist bishop of Pistoia Scipione De’ Ricci, a reformer of religious practises who closely collaborated with Peter Leopold in the Tuscan Grand Dutchy.
This works aims, with the tools of micro and translational history, to uncover the long-term historical process of female schooling by analysing a local actor moving between Milanese culture and Habsburg government. The shift in the scope and objective of female education at the turn of the nineteenth century in Lombardy is illustrated by examining the connection between people and institutions from the perspective of the individuals involved in changing them.
2022-11-30
2023-02-13T12:01:57Z
2023-02-13T12:01:57Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/26960
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/275
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2025-08-12
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 12th August 2025
application/pdf
application/msword
223
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/117622019-03-29T16:08:02Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The Foreign Office and British foreign policy during the Abyssinian crisis, 1934-1935
Fischer, Keith E.
Vysny, Paul
DA578.F5
Great Britain. Foreign Office--History
Great Britain--Foreign relations--1910-1936
Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936--Diplomatic history
This is not a thesis about the Abyssinian Crisis or even, for that matter, Britain and the Abyssinian Crisis. Rather, it is about British foreign policy and the Foreign Office during the crisis. While a considerable amount of scholarship dealing with the Abyssinian Crisis has appeared, there has not been, at least to my knowledge, a full-scale study of this particular aspect of the crisis. That the subject warrants such scrutiny is, in my mind, without question. Indeed, the crisis shattered British foreign policy. At the end of the day, the League of Nations was crippled, and Italy, once Britain's ally against Nazi Germany, was alienated. In the process, Britain's Foreign Secretary was forced to resign. I have written this thesis as a functional analysis designed to address the question of how British policy evolved and was implemented during the Abyssinian Crisis, the assumptions upon which that policy was based, the long and short-term goals of that policy, and the Foreign Office's day-to-day management of policy, will all be examined. The personalities of those in charge of British policy, and policy disputes between the Foreign Office staff will also be given full coverage. Drawing primarily from Foreign Office documents, I will look at British policy leading up to and culminating in, Sir Samuel Hoare's trip to Paris and the so-called Hoare-Laval "Pact." Thus I will examine Hoare-Laval as a case-study. Since British foreign policy during the Abyssinian Crisis originated in, and was carried out by the Foreign Office, then it is there that an explanation for Britain's behaviour during the crisis will be found. However, since a study of British policy during the Abyssinian Crisis would be incomplete without some elucidation of the Cabinet and Cabinet subcommittees' role in the policy-making process, I have devoted one chapter to this purpose.
1989
2017-09-29T13:36:28Z
2017-09-29T13:36:28Z
Thesis
Doctoral
MPhil Master of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11762
en
application/pdf
163 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26942019-03-29T16:08:02Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Women in revolutionary organisations
Gentry, Caron E.
Wilkinson, Paul
HV6431.G4
Women terrorists
Terrorism
The main aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that the female revolutionary is no
different from her male compatriot. She enters the organisation in the same manner;
she shares the same ideology; she participates equally within the revolutionary
organisation; and, if she leaves the struggle, she does so in much the same way as her
peers. The thesis uses a framework based upon New Social Movement theory to
establish the social and historical context of the women by comparing the following five
aspects of a new social movement: historical context, leadership, membership, collective
action and group ideology and the revolutionary dimension. Before the three historical
narratives on the American Movement, the West German student movement and the
Palestinian Resistance Movement are undertaken, a literature review covers Social
Movement theory, New Social Movement theory, theories on Violence and Terrorism
Studies. The thesis also looks at how women have been gendered in criminology and
war and how this gendering has influenced some of the leading research on the female
terrorist. In order to show that the female revolutionary is very similar to the male, this
thesis examines the three historical narratives mentioned above. After reviewing the
social and historical context, the respective new social movement, the role of women in
the revolutionary organisations (the Weather Underground, the Red Army Faction and
Fateh and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine) are reviewed in depth by
studying their entry, ideology, group dynamics and exit.
2003
2012-06-08T11:49:30Z
2012-06-08T11:49:30Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2694
en
application/pdf
363
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/143582019-03-29T16:08:07Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Absolutism in action : Frederick William I and the government of East Prussia, 1709-1730
Gothelf, Rodney Mische
Scott, Hamish M.
Russell Trust
German Historical Institute in London
DD491.O61G7
Prussia (Kingdom). Sovereign (1713-1740 : Frederick William I)
This dissertation examines the operation of Hohenzollern government in the distant but crucial territory of East Prussia during the reign of Frederick William I, 1713-40 to determine what impact the establishment of the General Directory in late 1722 and early 1723 had upon day-to-day administration within the Kingdom of East Prussia. Particular attention is given to the role and operation of provincial and local government in East Prussia during the decades before and after the setting up of the General Directory (General-Ober-Finanz-Kriegs-und Domänen-Direktorium). This study is part of a broader historiographical tendency which questions both the extent and success of Hohenzollern state building and calls into question the validity of the traditional view which gives most attention to the positive role of central state structures and considers the establishment of the General Directory as the apex of the much-admired and widely-emulated Prussian administrative system. This study demonstrates that further governmental modifications were needed in the Kingdom before and after the General Directory's successful operation in the Kingdom in the 1720s and 1730s. The territorial and local levels were where the Hohenzollern rulers would find it crucial to establish their absolutist power. One difficulty Frederick William I faced was that a large corps of loyal officials was lacking in the Kingdom which was only partially remedied by the end of his reign. In addition, critical administrative disputes continued and new ones arose between the King's administrative agencies. Moreover, the powerful native elites who lived in the Kingdom retained significant authority at the provincial and local levels and resisted many reform attempts by a king who they saw as foreign. Their enduring importance helps to explain the distinctive manner in which absolutism developed over these decades. As a result, authority in the Kingdom still was less than securely established by the final decade of Frederick William I's reign.
1998-05
2018-06-20T14:55:19Z
2018-06-20T14:55:19Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14358
en
application/pdf
xiv, 420 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/292112024-02-13T03:01:21Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25com_10023_134com_10023_39col_10023_82col_10023_169
Women as book producers : the case of Nuremberg
Farrell-Jobst, Jessica Jade
Pettegree, Andrew
University of St Andrews. St Leonard's College Scholarship
Universal Short Title Catalogue
Printing Historical Society
Z320.6N8F2
Women in the book industries and trade--Germany--Nuremberg
Publishers and publishing--Germany--Nuremberg--History
This thesis explores the multifaceted roles in which women participated in the early modern book trade. Focusing on Nuremberg, home to many successful bookwomen, it examines how they crafted work identities and exercised agency in the printing trades, emphasizing the centrality of the family unit. This thesis reveals that not only were women involved in the book trade more frequently than hitherto acknowledged but that their participation was varied and often invisible. Locality is key to understanding the multitude of factors that both promoted and restricted women’s work. The thesis begins by reconstructing the Nuremberg print trade, looking at the local market, censorship, and patron demands that shaped it. These considerations dictated the occupational experiences and business practises of the bookmen and bookwomen working in the trade. Chapter two explores the specific gendered and legal realities women faced while engaged in this trade. Regional marriage customs, inheritance law and guild organizations defined women’s rights to property, work and legal sovereignty. The second half of the thesis presents two case studies. Drawing on a previously unexamined collection of archival sources, the first study explores the sixteenth-century careers of Katherine Gerlachin and Catherine Dietrichin, and how they actively forged work identities separate to that of wife or widow. The second case, from the seventeenth century, inspects the Endter family business, revealing that, even when not listed on imprints, women served crucial roles in larger familial enterprises. Taken together, these chapters demonstrate that women’s work can only be fully revealed by understanding that the early modern book trade was composed of family units in which women operated as vital members. As mother, wife and daughter, women took on the jobs of craftsmen, office managers, business leaders, shareholders, investors, or a combination of these tasks to play major roles in their familial businesses.
"This work was supported by the generous University of St Andrews St Leonard’s Scholarship, the Universal Short Title Catalogue Scholarship and the Printing Historical Society." -- Funding
2022-06-16
2024-02-12T11:39:37Z
2024-02-12T11:39:37Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29211
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/749
en
2026-12-14
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 14th December 2026
application/pdf
xiii, 447 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/287622023-11-25T03:01:24Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Hidden in plain sight : printing for the Catholic community in the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic
Watson, Elisabeth Grace
Pettegree, Andrew
der Weduwen, Arthur
University of St Andrews. School of History
University of St Andrews. Universal Short Title Catalogue (USTC)
Dutch Republic
Seventeenth century
Book history
Print
Early modern Catholicism
Church history
Women and gender
Z161.W2
Catholic Church--Publishing--Netherlands--History--17th century
Catholic literature--Publishing--Netherlands--History--17th century
Printing--Netherlands--History--17th century
Book industries and trade--Netherlands--History--17th century
This thesis represents the first analytical overview of Catholic printing in the Dutch Republic over the course of the long seventeenth century (1566-1723). Roman Catholics made up a substantial proportion of the population of the Dutch Republic. Though they were barred from worshipping in public, holding office or accessing municipal funds, they maintained a remarkable degree of autonomy in practising their faith. Nowhere was this freedom better exercised than in the book trade, of which Catholic print made up a meaningful part. This project makes two primary and interconnected assertions. It argues that Catholic print was an independent and
substantial genre, essential to the life of the Catholic community, and that Catholic books were valuable and popular commodities for both Reformed and Catholic owners in the Dutch Republic.
Though extant scholarship and the work of digital bibliographies are both beginning to reveal the importance of this trade, neither have fully acknowledged its true scale and scope. This is due both to survival bias and the exclusion of certain types of print from consideration, not previously considered to be of significance. This project proposes an initial step towards an evaluation of the totality of the market by including new typologies of Catholic print and printed ephemera. It also argues that while Reformed censorship of Catholic books was a polite, rarely enforced fiction, Catholic censorship was a constant and direct concern for both
Catholic book producers and readers. False imprints, obscuring the true sources of publications, played an important role in defusing tensions with both sets of authorities. This thesis also contends that future studies of the Catholic book trade need to look towards the margins. This includes the margins of bibliography such as lost books and ephemera, the physical borderlands of the Dutch Republic including the Generality Lands and the social margins, including the Catholic lay sisters called spiritual daughters.
"I am grateful for the generous funding of several institutions that enabled this project. First and foremost is the publisher Brill, for whom my position working on Book History Online, in conjunction with the University of St Andrews School of History and the Universal Short Title Catalogue project, fully funded my thesis. I also received funding from the Nottebohm Foundation, the Royal Historical Society, the Bibliographical Society and the Association for Low Countries Studies."--Acknowledgements
2022-06-16
2023-11-24T11:33:43Z
2023-11-24T11:33:43Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28762
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/668
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2027-05-13
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 13th May 2027
application/pdf
300
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/46002019-07-01T10:12:48Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The Russell administration, 1846-1852
Dreyer, Frederick August
DA564.R8D8
Great Britain--Politics and government--1837-1901
1962-01
2014-04-24T14:39:23Z
2014-04-24T14:39:23Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
uk.bl.ethos.573490
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4600
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
vii, 276 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/171902019-08-06T14:51:45Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
A 'well-wisher' to man-kind? : Joseph Townsend (1739-1816) and the problem of poverty
Moorhouse, Paul Martin
Whatmore, Richard
Easterby-Smith, Sarah
Donald Winch Bursary
University Discretionary Fund
May Wong Smith Fund
HC260.P6M7
Townsend, Joseph, 1739-1816
Poverty--Great Britain--History--18th century
Poor laws--Great Britain--History--18th century
Joseph Townsend’s 1786 Dissertation on the Poor Laws has achieved iconic status as the archetypical argument for abolishing poor relief. It was dismissed by Townsend’s friend Jeremy Bentham as propounding the ‘no provision, or starvation principle’. Modern scholars treat the Dissertation one dimensionally. It is dismissed as an exposition of ‘market fundamentalism’ or praised as an inspired anticipation of JR Malthus’s population theory, isolated from its intellectual, social and political context.
Using an original combination of contextual intellectual history, and social analysis, focussed on Townsend’s context as rector in a Wiltshire parish over five decades, this thesis corrects this lacuna. It relates the Dissertation to Townsend’s other writings and wider debates concerning the economic and political rights of the poor during the five decades before the New Poor Law.
Chapters One and Two examine the relationship between the development of Townsend’s ideas and his life as rector in a Wiltshire parish over five decades. Particular attention is paid to the tension between local and national in Townsend’s writings: the Wiltshire context shaped Townsend’s thought, but he responded to national debates concerning taxation and the rights of the poor. Chapter Three relates Townsend’s arguments to the changing demands of the labouring poor themselves, reflected in the travelogues of two radical visitors to Wiltshire, John Thelwall and William Cobbett. Chapter Four also considers how travel shaped the eighteenth century science of society. In this case, examining Townsend’s own travels in Spain and those of the agriculturalist Arthur Young. Chapter Five examines poor provision in one Wiltshire parish, Bradford on Avon, between 1784 and 1834, demonstrating how Townsend’s ideas were recast in response to the growing perception of economic subsistence as a human right by the ‘labouring poor’.
This re-shaping of the British political landscape is interpreted as a consequence of the French Revolution and the wars which came in its wake, demonstrating how the New Poor Law met the needs of nineteenth century industrial capitalism.
2018
2019-03-01T15:19:44Z
2019-03-01T15:19:44Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17190
en
2020-10-19
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 19th October 2020
300
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/197342021-07-26T15:39:51Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The German newspaper in its first years of existence
Hillgaertner, Jan
Pettegree, Andrew
University of St Andrews. School of History
University of St Andrews
Horst Kliemann Stiftung
Society for the History of Authorship, Reading, and Publishing
Dr. Günther Findel-Stiftung zur Förderung der Wissenschaften
Renaissance Society of America
Newspaper
Journalism
Book history
PN5205.H5
Gustav II, Adolf, King of Sweden, 1594-1632--Death and burial--Early works to 1800
Charles I, King of England, 1600-1649--Death and burial--Early works to 1800
Newspaper publishing--Germany--History--17th century
Newspaper publishing--Germany--History--17th century
Communication--Germany--History--17th century
This thesis traces the birth and spread of the newspaper in the Holy Roman Empire in the first half of the seventeenth century. It examines the emergence of the new form of communication between 1605, the year that Johann Carolus of Strasbourg published the first newspapers and 1650, when publishing periodical news had become firmly embedded in the European information world. The eventual success of the newspaper as the foremost purveyor of news was not foreordained. The newspapers made their way in an established news market, and drew their coverage from many of the established European news hubs, Vienna, Cologne, Amsterdam, Paris, Venice and Rome. As with the invention of printing, the fundamental problems connected with the first age of newspaper publishing were essentially economic: start-up capital, distribution, collecting subscriptions. Periodicity also introduced special challenges not familiar in the wider book world, such as the need for a steady supply of news, and the ethics of reporting. Formulating a set of rules and ethics that could govern all forms of reporting proved to be problematic. Newspaper in Germany ostentatiously avoided the bias and propagandistic rhetoric of established forms of news distribution, such as broadsheets and pamphlets. But this in turn meant that the absence of context and background made the purely factual reports favoured by the newspaper difficult for relatively inexperienced readers to understand. In the first part of this dissertation, based on the inspection and analysis of some 8,000 surviving issues, two chapters explore the emerging world of German newspapers, the distribution of new titles and their longevity. The second chapter refines our picture of the German news world, based on a detailed analysis of the places from which news was received, the ‘places of correspondence’. Two further chapters contextualise this broader treatment through an examination of the news reporting of two major events: the death of the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Lützen, and the execution of King Charles I of England in 1649. These case studies also provide the opportunity for a sustained comparison with the emerging newspaper markets of other parts of Europe, and with the provision of news through manuscript newsletters, still the gold standard for accuracy and reliability even in the age of printed news.
"I am extremely grateful to the School of History and the University of St Andrews, the HorstKliemann
Stiftung, the
Society
for the
History of
Authorship,
Reading
and
Publishing, the
Dr.
Günther
Findel-Stiftung,
and the
Renaissance
Society of
America
for
funding
my thesis and
for
providing
financial
contributions
towards
travel
costs." -- Acknowledgements
2020-06-25
2020-03-31T14:50:58Z
2020-03-31T14:50:58Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19734
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-19734
en
2025-03-05
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 5th March 2025
387 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/270122023-02-22T11:09:46Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Of gardens, suburbs and the Parsi ‘middling sort’ : the case of the Dadar Parsi colony in colonial Bombay
Ghosh, Vahishtai Debashish
Yechury, Akhila
Lawson, Konrad M.
This thesis is an exploration of the Dadar Parsi Colony, a middle-class ethnic enclave located in an area of colonial Bombay which emerged in the early 20th century. The thesis argues that the Dadar Parsi Colony arose as part of Bombay’s built environment due to the circumstances that were created by the 1896 plague. It shows that area was the outcome of the import of garden city planning principles into Bombay’s urban landscape. It also argues that the Colony is an example of a microcosm of middle-class Parsi life. It enumerates the ways in which the Parsis who resided within the space of the Colony negotiated with notions of class and colonial modernity in the city. Finally, the thesis demonstrates that the spatial character of the neighbourhood was characterised and constituted by the cultural endeavours and practices of middle-class Parsis in the public and private spheres.
2022-11-30
2023-02-20T10:07:13Z
2023-02-20T10:07:13Z
Thesis
Masters
MPhil Master of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27012
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/292
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
application/msword
145
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/160982022-11-03T03:02:07Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Re-thinking mountains : ascents, aesthetics, and environment in early modern Europe
Hollis, Dawn L.
Struck, Bernhard
Easterby-Smith, Sarah
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
GB501.2H7
Mountains are among the most visible and culturally loaded landforms of the modern
world. From the late eighteenth century onwards they have, in western contexts, acted as
sites of nationalism, masculinity, heroism, and environmentalism, shaped largely by the
defining activity of modern mountaineering. This thesis will explore the position of
mountains in British and European culture before the apparent advent of climbing 'for its
own sake'. What did people think, feel, or know about mountains in the sixteenth,
seventeenth, and early eighteenth centuries? Did they ever climb mountains, and, if so,
for what reasons? What cultural associations - good or bad - were attached to the
mountains of the early modern mind?
Drawing upon natural philosophical debates, travellers' accounts, and poetry, this thesis
will examine the nature and contexts of early modern mountain knowledge, activities,
aesthetics, and literary representation. In so doing it will present a picture of varied and
often enthusiastic mountain engagement, whether on an intellectual or physical level,
which runs contrary to the accepted historiographical perception that mountains were
generally feared, disdained, and avoided before the advent of mountaineering. It will
therefore also interrogate the origins of the idea of premodern 'mountain gloom',
proposing that it is not so much a statement of historical fact as a key tenet of the modern
cultural discourse of mountain appreciation.
2017-01-04
2018-09-28T09:37:17Z
2018-09-28T09:37:17Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16098
en
application/pdf
221 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/108282018-09-27T13:44:33Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Title redacted
Grenham, Hannah
De Groot, Gerard J.
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
QA76.17G84
2017-06-22
2017-05-24T08:35:37Z
2017-05-24T08:35:37Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10828
en
2022-02-14
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 14th February 2022
301 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/209342021-07-29T14:42:09Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
"If she was every inch a queen, she was also every inch a woman" : Victoria's queenship and constitutional monarchy in 19th-century Britain
Okawa, Mariko
Müller, Frank Lorenz
Constitutional monarchy in 19th-century Britain
Queen Victoria
Modern queenship
DA555.O6
Victoria, Queen of Great Britain, 1819-1901--Relations with prime ministers
Women heads of state
Great Britain--Politics and government--1837-1901
This thesis explores Queen Victoria’s queenship in nineteenth-century Britain, with a particular emphasis on the impact of her gender on her relationship with the Prime Minister in the context of the development of a constitutional monarchy operating alongside a growth in parliamentary democracy.
It will be argued that various sections of society regarded her gender as a positive resource for (re)fashioning the modern form of Britain’s monarchy. Femaleness was presented as facilitating orderly progress. Victoria’s queenship was not only operated by the Queen herself, but also by actors surrounding her showing an active interest in and support for the monarchical institution. Agents such as members of her court, her dynastic relatives and immediate family, Prime Ministers, and a growing and increasingly active public audience (not least the print media) shaped and influenced the style of her rule.
This thesis is structured chronologically, ranging from her early years, via the middle period until the last decades of her reign. Each chapter focuses on the premiership of one of three selected Prime Ministers while simultaneously engaging with three overarching themes (the notion of a symbiosis between femaleness of the sovereign and constitutional monarchy; the public feminisation of the monarch; the personal relationship between the Queen and the Prime Minister), thereby illuminating the transformations of the gender dimension of Victoria’s queenship over the course of her reign.
By analysing Victoria’s queenship through the lens of her relationship with her male chief ministers, this thesis seeks to shed light on the significance and wider implications of the sovereign’s gender on the evolving functions of Britain’s constitutional monarchy within the nation’s culture, society, political system, and Empire.
The thesis contributes to scholarly debates surrounding Britain’s monarchical persistence and popularity in a democratic age and to scholarship on women’s and gender history as well as on modern queenship.
2020-12-02
2020-11-09T15:53:27Z
2020-11-09T15:53:27Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20934
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/4
en
application/pdf
v, 224 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
School of History
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/283982023-09-21T02:01:24Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The dissemination of books printed in England and Ireland on the northern European book market, 1600-1720
de Lange, Johanna
Pettegree, Andrew
der Weduwen, Arthur
University of St Andrews. Universal Short Title Catalogue (USTC)
Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds
Royal Historical Society (Great Britain)
Wellcome Trust
Bibliographical Society (Great Britain)
German History Society (Great Britain)
Institute of Historical Research
Association for Low Countries Studies (ALCS)
Early modern print
English books
Denmark
The Dutch Republic
Book auctions
Ownership
Collecting
Z124.D4
Book auctions--History
Printing--Great Britain--History
Booksellers and bookselling--Denmark--17th century--History
Booksellers and bookselling--Denmark--18th century--History
Booksellers and bookselling--Netherlands--17th century--History
Booksellers and bookselling--Netherlands--18th century--History
Book collectors--Europe--History
Printing--Ireland--History
This thesis is the first to provide an overview of the English book ownership of Danish and Dutch collectors, by following the circulation of books printed in England on the book markets in Denmark and the Dutch Republic between 1600 and 1720. Book auctions first took place in the Dutch Republic in the early seventeenth century, where it became common practice to print and distribute an auction catalogue to facilitate sales. In 1661, Denmark followed the Dutch example and created a second thriving European market for book auctions. The printed auction catalogues marked the beginning of a book market that became more accessible to both private owners and institutions, such as universities, and they comprise the principal source base for this thesis.
The English printing industry has long been studied only from a national perspective, in which the import of books played a major role. The opposite movement, the export of English books to mainland Europe, remained underexposed. Existing studies have made use of book trade and fair catalogues to understand the circulation of English publications abroad. This study aims to add to that knowledge by looking at private book ownership. During their lifetime, library owners sourced books from all the major printing centres in Europe. Books from England formed a modest share of their collections. However, the exact size of that share and the type of books these bibliophiles collected remained unknown. This study addresses that lacuna. In addition to the contents of 192 catalogues from private owners, another 51 catalogues from booksellers and 14 institutional catalogues were inspected to see how the collections relate to one another. Private owners, some of whom had strong ties to England, took the lead and were more adventurous than booksellers or university librarians in purchasing new titles. By choosing print published in England, these private collectors from Denmark and the Dutch Republic were at the forefront of the European reading public.
"I am greatly in debt to the USTC for granting me a PhD Scholarship. This project was further supported by the generous funding of the Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds, who granted me a ‘young talent award’ that paid the rent for my first year in St Andrews. Other research and travel grants that made my research possible were granted to me by: The Royal Historical Society (RHS), Wellcome Collection, The Bibliographical Society, the German History Society (GHS), the Institute for Historical Research (IHR), the Association for Low Countries Studies (ALCS)."--Funding
2023-11-29
2023-09-15T13:58:22Z
2023-09-15T13:58:22Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28398
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/613
en
2028-09-13
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 13th September 2028
application/pdf
application/msword
279
The University of St Andrews
Universal Short Title Catalogue
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/31652019-07-01T10:03:32Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Shaping popular culture : radio broadcasting, mass entertainment and the work of the BBC Variety Department, 1933-1967
Dibbs, Martin G. R.
Nott, James J.
Radio comedy, popular music, jazz
Popular culture
Anti-Americanism in the media
Media censorship
BBC
Popular entertainment
PN1991.3G7D5
Radio broadcasting--Great Britain--History--20th century
Radio--Censorship
Anti-Americanism--Europe--History--20th century
British Broadcasting Corporation--Variety Department--History
This thesis examines the extent to which the BBC was able to shape the output of popular culture on radio in Britain, according to its own system of beliefs, between the years 1933 and 1967. This research will show that from the outset, the BBC was an institution with a mission to inform, educate and entertain the nation. While it was not opposed to entertainment, its focus was didactic and supported a mission to improve its audience both culturally and intellectually. This policy was not always welcomed by the audience but, with the exception of the war years, persisted into mid 1950s. The Variety Department was formed in 1933 to produce all forms of light entertainment and this research will examine how its policies shaped the production of popular culture over the period concerned. This study looks not only at the workings of the Variety Department but also the topics of Americanisation and vulgarity, the two areas in which the BBC had particular sensitivities. It analyses the BBC’s strategies to counteract the American effect on popular music and spoken-word programmes and how it provided its own particularly British form of entertainment in order to produce programmes it considered suitable for British audiences. It also investigates programme censorship imposed by the BBC to mitigate vulgarity in programmes, so as to produce those it considered suitable for its audiences. This thesis will contend that for over 40 years the BBC Variety Department produced popular entertainment programmes on radio which became an integral part of people’s daily lives until, within a few years radio was superseded by television as the nation’s principal provider of domestic entertainment. There has been no discrete study of the BBC Variety Department and it is intended that this research will add to the existing scholarship in BBC history and contribute to the analysis of radio’s place in domestic popular culture in the period examined.
2012-11-30
2012-10-05T08:22:30Z
2012-10-05T08:22:30Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3165
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
2020-09-19
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 19th September 2020
302
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
School of History, Department of Modern History
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/163292019-07-11T09:12:44Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Title redacted
Varner, Jason R.
Hart, Emma
F7.V28
2017-05-31
2018-10-26T08:14:57Z
2018-10-26T08:14:57Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16329
en
2022-05-31
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 31st May 2022.
275
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/272632024-01-06T03:01:29Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
New state, old vices : the everyday dimensions of gaming and gambling under the Portuguese Estado Novo, 1933-1974
Lengkeek, Yannick
Ferris, Kate
European Research Council (ERC)
Everyday life history
History from below
Gambling studies
Lottery
Modern Portugal
Estado Novo
Salazar
Games
Game history
Play theory
Santa Casa da Misericordia
Billiards
Dictatorship
Fascism
Authoritarianism
Portuguese
Leisure studies
Idleness
Morality
Class
Gender
This thesis explores the dynamics of class segregation as well as questions of agency and autonomy under the Portuguese Estado Novo regime through the analytical prism of adult gaming. Taking ongoing debates about the exceptional longevity of Salazar’s dictatorial government as a starting point, the argument presented in this dissertation seeks to expose quotidian mechanisms of repression and moral policing not only ‘from above,’ but also highlights the importance of games and playful practices as powerful sites of interaction between citizens, where moral values, social status, and concerns about idleness were constantly contested. Traditionally, historiographical debates on lived experiences of dictatorial rule in Portugal and the ideological framework of the Estado Novo highlight the regime’s staunch moralism. Yet, a close examination of widespread and morally tainted practices like gambling, lottery play, and billiards shows that the regime’s ideals of what constituted acceptable behaviour were not uniformly applied. Instead, the government adopted a pragmatic, class-specific approach, where government responses to games were tailored to the social status of those who played them as well as the spaces they took place in. This class-based discrimination was mirrored in the legal framework that sustained Portugal’s remarkably lenient licensing system for casinos (even compared to Western democracies until the late 1960s), leaving working-class gamblers with no other legal alternative than the national lottery, which was heavily gendered, tapped into pervasive religious and charitable connotations, and complemented the regime’s mixed moral messaging. In the case of billiards, some local authorities sought to discredit these games 'from below,’ linking them to classist discourses about bars and taverns as ‘distasteful’ spaces that were incompatible with Salazar’s image of the model citizen. Together, these three case studies situate the Portuguese Estado Novo within broader debates about leisure and resistance against the enforcement of moral standards under dictatorial rule.
2023-06-15
2023-03-24T12:00:56Z
2023-03-24T12:00:56Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27263
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/366
772353
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 8th February 2028
application/pdf
application/zip
204
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/156162021-10-06T02:01:44Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The Habsburg Empire under foreign eyes : experiences and encounters of nineteenth-century travellers, c. 1815-1869
Schaller, Martin
Struck, Bernhard
University of St Andrews
DB25.S3
Austria--Description and travel--19th century
Austria--History--Francis II, 1768-1835
Austria--History--Ferdinand I, 1793-1875
Austria--History--Francis Joseph, 1830-1918
In his seminal 1994 study ‘Inventing Eastern Europe’, Larry Wolff argued that Eastern Europe was created in the Enlightenment era and conceptualised along a dividing line stretching from Szczecin at the Baltic to Trieste at the Adriatic. This line would have divided the Habsburg Empire in eastern and western halves. This thesis asks how British and German travellers perceived the Habsburg Empire in the period between 1815 and 1869, when, according to Wolff, the division must have already been established.
By analysing published travelogues it is possible to gain a better understanding of where these travellers located ‘western’ and ‘Eastern Europe’ but also to examine the existence of other spatial concepts such as ‘northern’ and ‘Southern Europe’. Methodologically, this study ties together the concepts of transnational history since the travellers under examination ventured abroad, and comparative history due to the focus on two distinct groups, as well as spatial history in the form of mental maths.
The thesis argues that based on the analysis of travelogues it seems that there was no coherent view on the Habsburg Empire as being situated in ‘eastern Europe. Rather, the travellers seemed to have applied a ‘fragmented view’, singling out and assessing various regions of the Empire differently. Yet, for most travellers from ‘East’ was not found within the Habsburg Empire but rather beyond its frontiers, particularly emphasised by those who engaged with the concept of Germany. Based on these results, the thesis argues that instead of assuming that the division of Europe changed from ‘North-South to East-West, we should regard both spatial discourses in parallel, but with varying intensity.
2017
2018-07-20T14:29:35Z
2018-07-20T14:29:35Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15616
en
application/pdf
iii, 271 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27062019-03-29T16:08:09Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Richard Cosin and the rehabilitation of the clerical estate in late Elizabethan England
Hampson, James E.
Guy, John A.
JN525.H2
Cosin, Richard
Great Britain. Parliament--History--16th century
The royal supremacy established by Henry VIII was never fully defined or resolved. Was it
an imperial kingship or a mixed polity - the king-in-parliament? Professor G.R Elton's theory
of parliamentary supremacy has been accepted for many years, but more recently this theory has
come under attack from Professors Peter Lake, John Guy, and Patrick Collinson. They have
shown that it was not strictly the case that either the royal supremacy or the ecclesiastical polity
of the Tudors was a settled issue; there was a tension and an uncertainty that underlay both the
Henrician break with Rome in 1534 and the Elizabethan Settlement of 1559, yet this tension
was not brought to surface of Tudor political debate until the latter part of Elizabeth I's reign.
What brought the issue to the fore was the controversy between the puritans who opposed
Archbishop John Whitgift's subscription campaign and the 'conformists' who sided with
Whitgift's demand for order and congruity in the young Church of England.
Part of this controversy was carried out in a literary battle between one of Whitgift's
proteges, civil lawyer and high commissioner Richard Cosin, and puritan common lawyer James
Morice. The debate focused on the legality of the High Commission's use of the ex officio oath
and eventually came to hinge on the question of Elizabeth's authority to empower that
commission to exact the oath by virtue of her letters patent. If the ex officio oath was strictly
against the statutes and common laws of the realm, was the queen authorised to direct the
commission to exact the oath anyway - over and above the law? To answer yes, as Cosin did,
was to declare that the queen's royal supremacy was imperial and that her ecclesiastical polity was
essentially theocratic. To answer no, as did Morice, was to assert that there were certain things
that the queen could not do - namely that she was not empowered to direct the High
Commission to contravene statute law, even in the name of ordering and reforming the church.
Cosin's legal arguments for the imperial supremacy of the monarch were powerful, but his
writings were steeped in a form of political rhetoric that was quickly coming into fashion in the
late sixteenth century: the 'language of state'. The language of state was essentially an
abandonment of the classical-humanist vocabulary of 'counseling the prince' for the sake of
'virtuous government' in pursuit of a 'happy republic'. This new political language used by Cosin
and other conformists justified itself on the premise that the state was so thoroughly endangered
by sedition and instability that an urgent corrective was needed: not wise or virtuous counsel but
strict obedience to the laws that preserved civil and religious authority.
With the threat of presbyterianism at the doorstep of the English Church, Cosin -
protected and encouraged by the powerful Whitgift - was free to employ both his legal and his
rhetorical skills in an effort to reinvigorate the English clergy by enhancing their jurisdictional
status over the laity. By the time James VI and I began his systematic revitalisation of the clerical
estate in 1604, the vocabulary that would justify it had already been created. The influence of
Cosin demonstrably permeated the early years of the Stuart Church suggesting that Cosin might
provide a link between the vague uncertainties of the Elizabethan Settlement and the stark
realities of the Caroline Church.
1997
2012-06-08T14:45:16Z
2012-06-08T14:45:16Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2706
en
application/pdf
294
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/203492021-02-05T15:40:37Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Title redacted
Dunn, Sophie Dorothea
Struck, Bernhard
D919.D8
2020-07-30
2020-07-28T10:36:08Z
2020-07-28T10:36:08Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20349
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-20349
en
2023-06-02
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 2nd June 2023
vii, 206 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27982019-07-01T10:19:56Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
From forest to fairway : hull analysis of 'La belle', a late seventeenth-century French ship
Carrell, Toni L.
VM142.C2
Belle (Ship)
Naval architecture--France--History--17th century
Hulls (Naval architecture)
This thesis is
a comprehensive analysis of the hull
remains of
La Belle,
a ship
wrecked off the coast of
Texas in 1684 during the failed
attempt
by Robert Cavelier Sieur
de La Salle to establish a colony at the
mouth of the Mississippi River.
The
analysis of
La Belle's hull focused
on
five
research goals.
The first
was to
reconstruct the conception and
design
of the hull. Because La Belle
was
built
on
France's
Atlantic
coast,
it
was expected that the ship would
fit into Atlantic traditions of
shipbuilding.
Instead, it
exhibits an ancient
Mediterranean
method
known
only
from
Renaissance manuscripts.
Until La Belle's discovery
no archaeological example
associated with this method
had been identified. Reconstruction
of the lines
also revealed
the unexpected use of surmarks that reflect a transition from
a
largely
empirical approach
to the architecturally-based ship plan.
The
second goal was the documentation
of a previously unstudied ship type, the
barque longue, through an analysis and
description
of the hull's
assembly and
its
comparison
to contemporary shipbuilding practices.
The third goal was an analysis of
newly
discovered
registries,
letters,
and
documents
specific to La Belle that raised
fundamental
questions regarding the ship's genesis and typological identification.
The fourth
goal was species identification
of the timbers to provide a more
detailed
picture of
forest
exploitation and to identify
whether
Old
or
New World timbers
were used
in the repairs noted
in the hull. The fifth
goal was to obtain
information
on the
origin of the wood through dendrochronological
analysis.
That
analysis raised
unexpected questions regarding
dating
and the possibility of re-use of whole
frame
sets.
Because there are no other
investigated late 17th-century shipwreck sites
from the
Rochefort
region with species and
dendrochronology data, La Belle has
provided a
benchmark for these two analyses.
These five
research foci
provide a unique picture of
late 17th-century
shipbuilding
in French Atlantic
shipyards and contribute to the study of
hull design,
ship typology,
construction and assembly, wood species use and origin,
dendrochronological dating,
and
timber reuse.
2003
2012-06-18T07:58:52Z
2012-06-18T07:58:52Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2798
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
application/pdf
426
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/180092019-07-01T10:49:43Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Title redacted
Sato, Tomochika
Nott, James J.
2016-10-24
2019-07-01T08:47:47Z
2019-07-01T08:47:47Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18009
en
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2021-10-24
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 24th October 2021
iii, 306 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
School of History
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/145522019-03-29T16:08:13Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
American foreign policy : an imperative for presidential authority?
McDonald, Audrey Patricia Helen
Trevor, Salmon
JK573.M3
United States--Foreign relations
Presidents--United States
The American Constitution is over two hundred years old. It was the product of the times and reflects the two images of government, Presidential and Congressional. The memories of both the Continental Congress and George III played an important part. However, the imperative of strong leadership, more especially in the twentieth century as the United States withdrew from isolationism and confronted two world wars and an international depression, and a hostile environment, dictated that the President became the preeminent branch of government. For the most part political thinking and public opinion extolled this steadfast and virtuous leadership, while Congress largely submitted to Presidential domination. However, the Vietnam War, and later Watergate radically shook this consensus. The war was perceived to be the President's war; it was seen as the product of an "Imperial Presidency". The President was blamed for America's involvement in Indochina, and this together with Watergate, appeared to symbolise a Presidency out of control. Congress was shamed and felt responsible for the rise of the Imperial Presidency. Thus, in the wake of the Vietnam War and Watergate, Congress sought to assert its long eroded prerogatives. The 1970s witnessed a series of legislative initiatives intended to curb the Imperial Presidency in foreign policy. However, Congress reasserted itself with such fervour and determination that the whole future of American foreign policy was put to risk, especially with regard to coherence, continuity and flexibility. The 1970s legislation greatly limited the President's range of options in foreign policy. America, a superpower, cannot conduct a coherent foreign policy with two heads at the stern. The international system necessitates strong purposive leadership, leadership which can only be furnished by the President. Congress plays a vital role as regards discussion and consensus formation, but the time has come for Congress to recognise that it cannot compete with the President in foreign policy formulation and implementation. To try threatens the future success of American foreign policy.
1990-07
2018-06-25T14:40:35Z
2018-06-25T14:40:35Z
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14552
application/pdf
xi, 185 (18) p.
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/162952019-03-29T16:08:14Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Macmillan & Co. in New York : transatlantic publishing in the late nineteenth Century
DeBlock, Elizabeth
Fyfe, Aileen
Russell Trust
Royal Historical Society (Great Britain)
Economic History Society
Transatlantic
International publishing
Nineteenth century
Macmillan & Co.
Brett
Ticknor & Fields
New York
Publishing American Civil War
Trade courtesy
International copyright law
Copyright
Transatlantic publishing
Anglo-American
American publishing
British publishing
Publishing
Alexander Macmillan
Frederick Macmillan
George Brett
Macmillan's Magazine
Chace Act
This thesis follows the British publisher Macmillan & Co. as it set up its first international
branch office in New York, from 1869 to the 1891. It outlines how Macmillan’s New York
Agency functioned in a distant market, at a time when international copyright law did not
exist. I investigate how the Agency navigated political, social, and economic challenges as it
sought to become the first successful branch offices of a British publisher on American soil.
First, I establish how Macmillan & Co. traded on a transatlantic level during the 1850s and
1860s, and ask why Alexander Macmillan, made the decision to open the branch office in
1867. Second, I reconstruct the opening of the Agency in 1869, its first few years in business,
and the hardships, challenges, and successes it endured in order to become economically
profitable to the mother-company. Lastly, I evaluate how the relationship between the
Agency and the London office shifted once a new generation of business management came
of age in the early 1890s, and as international copyright laws came into effect between
American and Great Britain. This is the first ever in-depth look at how a British publisher
agency operated on American soil. It offers new insights into how the transatlantic trade
operated, as well as shows how international businesses operated within new markets lacking
international laws.
2018-06
2018-10-22T11:46:48Z
2018-10-22T11:46:48Z
Thesis
Masters
MPhil Master of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16295
en
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
iii, 124 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26452019-03-29T16:08:15Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
"The speciall men in every shere": the Edwardian regime, 1547-1553
Bryson, Alan
Guy, John A.
DA345.B8
Edward VI, King of England, 1537-1553
Great Britain--History--Edward VI, 1547-1553
This thesis examines clienteles during the reign of Edward VI, particularly those of the dukes of
Somerset and Northumberland, and the role of the county elite in political society in order to
reassess politics from the perspective of clientage. Edward's reign has not been extensively
studied from this perspective but work by Dr Adams, Professor Guy and others on other periods
provided the necessary context to reassess Edwardian politics. The aim was to investigate whether
the regime continued to rely on the same core within the county elite employed in the 1520s and
1530s and again in Elizabeth's reign. This has involved extensive archival research since 1996 (in
St Andrews, London and the Midlands). I have found that the privy council tried to foster a closer
working relationship with the county elite in order to maintain stability and prevent faction during
this period of minority government. The regime depended on the same core of gentlemen in the
shires to act as commissioners of the peace and to fill the other vital local offices. Even within this
group there was an inner-ring. This relationship was a two-way process and the clientage that
underpinned early modem society was central to it.
This study has also explored the extent to which Somerset's and Northumberland's clienteles were
involved in central and local government to reassess how much the dukes operated as courtcentred
or county-centred politicians. Both men dominated government in turn and their clienteles
were vitally important. These were made up of their servants, family, friends and clients and were
mutual self-support groups that reinforced their political and social status. Although principally
intended as a political study, this research has come to incorporate military and local history. It
has looked at how clienteles operated during periods of stability and crisis (the activities of Lord
Seymour of Sudeley, the 1549 rebellions, the October coup, the second fall of Somerset and the
succession crisis in 1553) in order to demonstrate how they really functioned.
2001
2012-06-05T11:49:57Z
2012-06-05T11:49:57Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2645
en
application/pdf
326
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/143522019-03-29T16:08:22Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Mathieu Dumas : a biography
Duncan, Kenneth A.
DC146.D8D9
Dumas, Mathieu, comte, 1753-1837
In a career spanning nearly seven decades, Mathieu Dumas served France as either a soldier or a legislator under each successive government from Louis XV to Louis-Philippe. Born in 1753, he entered the infantry in 1773 as a sous-lieutenant. Although lacking a personal fortune and the backing of family influence, Dumas' energy and ability combined with the support of two powerful patrons, Castries and Puységur, gained him relatively rapid promotion. By 1789 he had served in America as an aide-de-camp to Rochambeau and had been appointed to replace Guibert as rapporteur to the Council of War. Drawn into the politics of the Revolution through his association with the, liberal nobility, principally Lafayette and the Lameths, Dumas became the parliamentary leader of the Feuillant party in the Legislative Assembly, a major critic of the war and one of Lafayette's most courageous defenders. However, he also worked to improve the French army and aided in the deference of Paris during the Prussian invasion. With the end of the Assembly, Dumas sought to serve 'the Republic, but public suspicion forced him to flee to Switzerland. There Dumas, Brémond and Theodore Lameth met with the British agent Wickham to discuss their plan for the restoration of the Constitution of 1791, but not of the émigrés. The Thermidorian Reaction led to Dumas' return to France and to his re-entry into politics as a deputy in the Council of Elders under the Directory. The leader of a revived Feuillant party, Dumas pursued a moderate policy, preferring the gradual repeal of revolutionary legislation and cooperation with the Directory to the restoration of an unreconciled Louis XVIII. Proscribed on 18 Fructidor V, he went to Hamburg and remained there, working on what was to become his magnum opus, the Précis des Événemens Militaires, until Bonaparte's seizure of power. Despite his mistrust of Dumas' political opinions, Napoleon could not overlook his administrative ability and he employed him in high positions throughout the Consulate and the Empire. Dumas' support of Napoleon during the Hundred Days resulted in his forced retirement under the Restoration which lasted, except- for a brief interval under St. Cyr's ministry until 1828. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies in that year, Dumas gave his support to the Liberals and to Louis-Philippe. He died in 1837, widely known and respected as a soldier and as a military historian. Although a military as well as a civil figure, Dumas exemplifies the fate of moderates caught in the Revolution and its aftermath.
1974-10
2018-06-20T14:23:08Z
2018-06-20T14:23:08Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14352
en
application/pdf
408 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/144822019-03-29T16:08:25Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Marriage, contract, and the state
Brake, Elizabeth
Skorupski, John
Archard, David
Overseas Research Students Awards Scheme (ORSAS)
University of St Andrews. Department of Moral Philosophy
Clan Donald Educational and Charitable Trust
British Federation of Women Graduates
HQ1051.B8
Marriage--Philosophy
Marriage--Moral and ethical aspects
Marriage law
This thesis is a work of applied moral and political philosophy which analyses the moral value of marriage and argues for a restructuring of the legal institution of marriage in accordance with principles of justice. The first section contains exegesis and criticism of Kant's and Hegel's accounts of marriage. Kant's focus is on the contractual exchange of rights, Hegel's on the nature of the relationship between the spouses. In the second section, I consider Kantian, Hegelian, and eudaimonistic accounts of the moral value of marriage and conclude that moral value is found in the relationship between the spouses, not in the rights established through the marriage contract. In order to defend the position that loving relationships have moral value, I elucidate what moral value love for a particular other has within a universalist ethics. While I argue that marriage has no moral value which is not to be found in such relationships, I defend a Hegelian account which locates social value in the institution of marriage precisely because it promotes such relationships. In the final section, I argue that the principle of liberal neutrality requires that the principle of freedom of contract should apply to marriage. While I defend the institution of marriage against certain feminist criticisms, I also argue that justice requires that the state recognize same-sex and polygamous unions as marriages. Freedom of contract may be limited under certain conditions in the interest of gender equality; I argue for an interpretation of Rawls' principle of equal opportunity which entails that liberalism is committed to addressing gender inequality even at the expense of freedom of contract.
1999-08
2018-06-22T14:46:51Z
2018-06-22T14:46:51Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14482
en
application/pdf
viii, 230 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/144062019-03-29T16:08:31Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Lithuania : the rebirth of a nation, 1991-1994
Ashbourne, Alexandra Elizabeth Godfrey
Vysny, Paul
DK511.L274A8
Lithuania--History--20th century
Lithuania--History--1991-
The thesis Lithuania: the Rebirth of a Nation, 1991-1994 examines the first years of the rebirth and regeneration of Lithuania in the face of the legacy of the Soviet Occupation. It studies the essential components of rebirth: the creation of domestic, foreign and security policies and the revitalising of the economy as Lithuania broke away from the USSR. The Soviet Occupation grafted the mentality of homo sovieticus onto the Lithuanian people and its effect is charted when observing the processes surrounding Lithuania's rejuvenation. An additional chapter examines the evolution of homo sovieticus itself, studying bureaucratic societies, such as the Habsburg Empire and the USSR. The chapter also shows the manifestation of homo sovieticus in works of literature, art, music and humour and explores the concept of 'internal exile'. The thesis commences with a condensed history of Lithuania, as this history has created the distinct national identity which sustained the Lithuanian people during the decades of occupation. After the chapter on the evolution of homo sovieticus, its legacy is studied in a survey of Lithuania's domestic politics between 1991-1994. This chapter, however, extends until 1996 to demonstrate the changing political fortunes during the first post-Soviet years. Interlinking chapters on foreign and security policy appraise Lithuania's attempts to rejoin the international community and acquire an effective security guarantee. The influence of the presence of homo sovieticus is again noted both here and in the final chapter, devoted to Lithuania's transition to a market economy. The thesis concludes that while enormous strides were taken between 1991-1994 to return Lithuania to her pre-Occupation status, the damage caused by fifty years of the Soviet Occupation had created unforeseen obstacles which led to complications in the process of rebirth, many of which will be unsurmountable in the immediate future.
1997-12
2018-06-21T13:57:33Z
2018-06-21T13:57:33Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14406
en
application/pdf
vi, 361 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29482019-03-29T16:08:31Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Obligation and choice : aspects of family and kinship in seventeenth century County Durham
Issa, Christine
Wrightson, Keith
Houston, R. A. (Robert Allan)
HQ616.D9I8
Families--England
The thesis seeks to explore alleged differences in kinship and family relations
within County Durham, an area of wide geographical, social and economic
diversity. A study of recognition that reveals that kinship ties were narrow
and fell into a distinctly English pattern, a pattern which appears independent
of considerations of wealth. Only the life cycle appears to have influenced
patterns of recognition. Wider kin also appear to have been of limited importance
as a source of support, with individuals preferring to rely upon the aid of
neighbours and members of the nuclear family. This relatively narrow 9attern
of recognition and support stands in sharp contrast to the strong ties formed
within and through the nuclear family. The detailed study of inheritance,
marriage and conflict not only reinforces the earlier findings concerning
the limited importance of wider kin but also suggests that strong and specific
ties of obligation and expectation governed relationships formed within the
nuclear family. Such findings suggest the need to revise the assumption
which regard English society as being highly 'individualistic'.
1988
2012-07-09T12:40:30Z
2012-07-09T12:40:30Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2948
en
application/pdf
489 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/42052016-08-09T09:16:40Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
West German editorial journalists between division and reunification, 1987-1991
Dodd, Andrew
Bavaj, Riccardo
German reunification
West Germany
Federal Republic of Germany
German nation
Dual statehood
Division of Germany
Journalism
Editorial
DD257.25D7
German reunification question (1949-1990)
Editorials--Germany (West)
Newspaper editors--Germany (West)--Attitudes
Germany (West)--Politics and government--1982-1990
Germany--History--Unification, 1990
This thesis analyzes the published commentary of editorial journalists regarding the division of Germany in twelve major newspapers of the Federal Republic of Germany in a period spanning from the
final years of division to the immediate aftermath of the unification of the two German states. The study tracks editorial advocacy in response to East German leader Erich Honecker's Bonn visit in 1987 coupled
with the intra-German policy efforts of the Social Democratic Party in opposition, which seemed to edge towards two-state neutralism; the wave of repression in the German Democratic Republic from late 1987 onward in the wake of Mikhail Gorbachev's reform programme, and the June 1989 visit of Mikhail
Gorbachev to Bonn. Journalistic commentators' propagation of a form of constitutional patriotism as a
Federal Republican identity will be examined. Responses to the East German Revolution as it developed in late 1989 are analyzed in detail, followed by an account of journalistic efforts to define the political-cultural parameters of united Germany between March 1990 and June 1991.
After four decades, the post-war division of Germany had acquired a degree of normalcy.
Journalistic commentators argued against any acceptance of division that also accepted the existence of the party-state dictatorship in the German Democratic Republic, insisting that the German Question was 'open' until self-determination for East Germans was realized. Nevertheless, throughout the period journalistic
commentators argued in unison against solutions to division which would alienate the Federal Republic from its western alliance or put its established socio-political order at risk. Contemporary journalism propagated an image of the Federal Republic that was thoroughly defined by its post-war internalization of
'Western' value norms. This was most evident during the East German Revolution and the immediate aftermath, ostensibly the moment of greatest uncertainty about Germany's future path, when commentators became champions of continuity within the western alliance.
2013-11-30
2013-11-15T09:58:27Z
2013-11-15T09:58:27Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4205
en
Restricted until further notice pending formal embargo request
238
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/167532022-07-21T02:02:41Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
'The education of the modern king, the constitutional king' : raising heirs to the throne in nineteenth century Spain
Meyer Forsting, Richard
Müller, Frank Lorenz
DP203.M4
This thesis analyses royal education in nineteenth-century, constitutional Spain. The main subjects of this investigations are Isabel II (1830-1904), Alfonso XII (1857-1885) and Alfonso XIII (1886-1941) during their time as monarchs-in-waiting. It will be argued that their upbringing was considered an opportunity to shape the future of Spain, reflected the political struggles that emerged in the course of the construction of a liberal state, and allowed for the modernisation of the monarchy. The upbringing of royal heirs was a subject taken seriously by contemporaries and at various points in time assumed a wider political, social and cultural significance. The thesis is structured around the three powerful groups that showed an active interest, influenced, and significantly shaped the education of heirs to the throne: the court, the military, and the public. The study aims to throw new light on the position of the Spanish monarchy in the constitutional state, its ability to adapt to social, political, and cultural change and its varied sources of legitimacy, power, and attraction. One of the central aims of the thesis is to contribute to scholars’ growing interest in nineteenth-century Spain and the re-establishment of the Peninsula’s history as an integral part of European historiography.
2017-06-04
2018-12-21T11:22:44Z
2018-12-21T11:22:44Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16753
en
application/pdf
ii, 207 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/71162019-03-29T16:08:32Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Vernacular boats and boatbuilding in Greece
Damianidis, Kostas
Prescott, R. G. W.
Marine engineering
Ships
Offshore structures
Offshore engineering
VM225.D2
This work presents a study of the vernacular boats of
modern Greece. A new typology of boats is offered, and
an account is given of tools and boatyard practice,
design and construction techniques. Evidence for these
subjects is drawn from field surveys, museum collections,
iconographic studies, and interviews with old
boatbuilders. Although most of the information presented
comes from the first half of the 20th century, background
information from the 18th and 19th centuries is also
covered. This longer historical perspective is
particularly important in making comparisons between 20th
century practices and the boatbuilding techniques of the
past.
There is evidence for the existence of two main periods
of technical change in the industry, namely, the late
18th century, when new methods such as lofting were
introduced, and the late 19th century, when changes in
the wider shipbuilding industry initiated a process of
decline in vernacular boatbuilding. At the same time
however, a number of older techniques, for example
certain moulding methods, survived at least into the
first part of the 20th century.
This work offers new insights into the design methods
involved in the control of hull-form during "skeletonfirst"
boatbuilding from the last two hundred years. It
also offers an analysis of the structural integrity and
strength of vernacular boats and shows how the structure
of boats has evolved across time to incorporate new
techniques and changes in boat function.
1991
2015-08-04T11:10:41Z
2015-08-04T11:10:41Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
uk.bl.ethos.316164
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7116
en
application/pdf
application/pdf
2 v. (338, 204) p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27372019-03-29T16:08:32Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Mary Queen of Scots in the polemical literature of the French Wars of Religion
Wilkinson, Alexander S.
Pettegree, Andrew
DC111.3W5
Mary, Queen of Scots, 1542-1587
The French Wars of Religion were more than a battle for outright military victory.
They were also a battle for the hearts and minds of the population of France. In this struggle
to win over public opinion, often apparently peripheral or collateral issues could be engaged
to make partisan points. Such was the case with the polemical literature surrounding Mary
Queen of Scots. Mary was a very French figure. But Mary's complex career- her brief
marriage to the dauphin Francois, her adoption of a tolerant religious policy in Scotland, her
implication in the murder of her husband, and her imprisonment and execution at the hands of
a Protestant monarch - inevitably made her an ambiguous subject for polemicists, Catholic
and Huguenot alike. Based on a bibliographic survey of over four hundred and twenty
sixteenth century editions in French relative to the Queen, and extensive reading of these
works, this study explores both the general contours and finer detail of French public interest
in the Queen of Scots. Chapter one discusses the shifting historical relationship between
Mary and France, while chapters two and three deal with the steady stream of Catholic and
Huguenot publications relating to Mary that appeared in the public domain between 1548 and
1586. The heart of this study, however, can be found in its final two chapters, which deal
with the polemical literature that poured off the presses in response to the execution or
martyrdom of Mary. These chapters investigate the interface between the printed word and
other media in the Catholic response to the 'tragedy' of Fotheringhay, and examine the many
facets of the image of the martyred Queen. The martyrdom of the Queen of Scots and
dowager Queen of France became one of the most prominent themes in the propaganda of the
Catholic League. Over one fifth of Catholic polemic in the period 1587-1588 touched on the
event, contributing to the radicalisation of popular opinion against the king of France, Henri
III.
2001
2012-06-11T15:50:34Z
2012-06-11T15:50:34Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2737
en
application/pdf
454
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/136662019-03-29T16:08:33Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Histories of concepts after the linguistic turn
Brorson, Kristine Synnøve
Bentley, Michael John
D16.9B87
History--Philosophy
Historiography
Language and history
Concepts
The turn of the nineteenth century saw a philosophy directed towards linguistic epistemology and when this influence reached academia in general it became known as the linguistic turn. In historiography this turn happened in die second half of the twentieth century and one direction was towards semantics and concepts. The focus on concepts can be seen as an essential focus in historiography after the linguistic turn because concepts carry meaning and are thus the link between language (text) and historical reality (context). A conceptual analysis is a reliable source for past meaning. It is not only the German tradition of Begriffsgeschichte that can be seen as the history of concepts, although this is the traditional understanding of conceptual history. Histories of concepts can be socio-political as Begriffsgeschichte and works by Skinner, Pocock, Jonathan Clark and Stedman Jones, but also cultural like works by Stuart Clark, Foucault and Sandmo. In addition, there are similarities between gender history and conceptual history. Gender history is also a consequence of the linguistic turn and identity analysis of gender includes conceptual analysis. Notable academics in this field include Denise Riley, Judith Butler, John Boswell and Foucault. These approaches have in common a belief in the power of essential concepts power over society and social changes. Reinhart Koselleck and Michel Foucault are two historians with awareness of linguistics and their own conceptual methodology. Their approaches are, nevertheless, quite different and they use conceptual history for different purposes. Koselleck's writing is linked to his ideas on modernity and he finds Begriffsgeschichte the most suitable method to describe changes. Modernity can be seen as a conceptualisation process. Foucault sees language as power, and thus conceptual analysis is a critical method he uses to find the truth behind given power structures. Histories of concepts will always be critical disciplines.
2005
2018-06-01T12:57:09Z
2018-06-01T12:57:09Z
Thesis
Doctoral
MPhil Master of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13666
en
application/pdf
132 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/263022022-11-05T03:04:00Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Public botanic gardens and the early institutionalisation of science : Edinburgh, Florence, and Pisa in the second half of the eighteenth century
Romero-Passerin d'Entreves, Elena
Easterby-Smith, Sarah
Fyfe, Aileen
Scottish Graduate School for Arts and Humanities (SGSAH)
Botanic Garden
Botany
Britain
Scotland
Italy
Tuscany
Eighteenth century
History of science
History of institutions
Professionalisation
Italian history
Peter-Leopold of Tuscany
George III
Scientific specialisation
Scottish history
Edinburgh
Florence
Pisa
Garden history
History of botany
History of Tuscany
This thesis is a comparative study of four botanic gardens in Scotland and Tuscany in the second half of the eighteenth century. Taking an approach based on case studies, it argues that botanic gardens were early examples of specialisation, professionalisation, and institutionalisation of science. The existing historiography on the topic has tended to focus on large and famous institutions which enjoyed excellent social and economic resources. By examining gardens at the margins of the largest Enlightenment science centres, the thesis shows that there were European trends in the evolution of botanical and scientific institutions at the time. Despite many differences in their political, economic, and climatic situations, the comparison of the botanic gardens of Edinburgh, Florence, and Pisa reveals striking similarities in their development as institutions in the second half of the century. The thesis explores three main themes: the management of space, the status of staff, and the place of the gardens in a wider public infrastructure. It shows that, though their responses to each theme sometimes differed, the gardens grappled with the same questions and followed similar trends. The space of the gardens was fashioned by and dedicated to scientific activities in a way that gave an increasingly precise definition to the concept of science, one that included research and excluded other forms of knowledge practices. The status of the people in charge of the gardens came to be more clearly defined and made them rare figures of professionals of science in the eighteenth century. Finally, an increase in funding and control by public authorities gave the gardens a mission to serve the public good through the practice of science. By examining these trends in all three cities, the thesis shows how specialisation, professionalisation and institutionalisation of science developed in botanic gardens of the eighteenth century.
2022-06-16
2022-11-04T09:42:27Z
2022-11-04T09:42:27Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/26302
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/219
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
229 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/156042021-09-09T02:02:43Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Divergent timescapes : tracking a temporal revolution through the long nineteenth century (1750-1914)
Ventura, Marie Jeannette
Struck, Bernhard
University of St Andrews
HM656.V4
Time--Sociological aspects
Time--History--19th century
Great Britain--Intellectual life--19th century
Did nineteenth-century Britain experience a temporal revolution? If so, how can the course and impact of such a complex, primarily mental upheaval be effectively analysed from a focused, historical perspective?
This project investigates these questions from eight distinct angles by adapting the physics notion of ‘timescapes’ as a method of historical analysis. Each of the four main chapters focuses on two contemporaneous, yet differing temporal worldviews (timescapes), defining their nature and attributes then investigating key catalytic conflicts that fed the transition from one prevailing temporal outlook to another. Drawing on primarily British and American sources the aim is to demonstrate, not only the ongoing significance of the nineteenth century’s temporal revolution, but also the viability of ‘historical timescapes’ as a methodological, structural, and analytical took – one that can complement, rather than displace, the traditional chronological structure of history.
Ultimately, this project argues that Britain’s nineteenth-century temporal revolution was not indicative of a sharp, irreversible break in linear time between the pre-industrial and industrial world but, rather, of a multi-phased, ongoing conflict between layers of coexisting yet divergent ‘timescapes’: culturally informed spatiotemporal archetypes that, once supplanted, did not fade but continue to influence our current experience use, and expectation of time.
2017
2018-07-19T15:58:34Z
2018-07-19T15:58:34Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15604
en
application/pdf
270 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/108312022-04-25T10:17:22Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The culture of music printing in sixteenth-century Augsburg
Roper, Amelie
Pettegree, Andrew
Book history
Print culture
Early modern Germany
Music printing
Partbooks
Choir books
Music pamphlets
Music broadsheets
Books about music
Renaissance music
Augsburg
ML405.R78
Music printing--Germany--Augsburg--History--16th century
Books--Germany--Augsburg--History--16th century
In the early sixteenth century, the free imperial city of Augsburg in southern Germany
played a vital role in the development of music printing with movable type north of the
Alps. These technical advances impacted on the distribution of musical repertoire and
placed the city’s printers on a more equal footing with their Italian competitors. Taking
these innovations as its starting point, this thesis examines the development of music
printing in Augsburg during the sixteenth century. In addition to considering the
specialist formats of choir books and partbooks, it extends the boundaries traditionally
applied to music print culture to include books about music and pamphlets and
broadsheets.
These complementary strands of the printing industry contributed to a diverse
geography of performance, with Augsburg’s musical activity taking place not only in
churches, schools and the home, but also in inns and on the street. The market for music
publications was similarly multifaceted, encompassing professional musicians, wealthy
collectors, students, keen amateurs and humble street performers. Levels of production
varied. Pamphlets and broadsheets enjoyed a diverse market profile and were produced
in large numbers. Theoretical texts and partbooks were issued in small quantities. In
addition to reflecting their more restricted audience, this meagre output was a
consequence of the city’s thriving book trade, which reduced the demand for local
production. In the case of partbooks, it was also a result of deliberate product placing.
Augsburg’s astute printers carved out a niche in a crowded market by issuing small
numbers of partbooks at the highest end of the quality spectrum.
The inclusive approach to music printing adopted in this study ensures that the
significance of its findings extends beyond a localised investigation of print culture. By
tracking the ebb and flow of production across formats and over the sixteenth century as
a whole, a complex relationship between music printing and the socio-economic,
cultural, political and religious upheavals of the period becomes apparent. Music
printing, often the preserve of musicologists and specialist bibliographers, emerges as a
powerful tool with which to refine our understanding of the early modern book world.
2017-06
2017-05-24T08:56:32Z
2017-05-24T08:56:32Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10831
en
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2027-02-14
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 14th February 2027
xiii, 300 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/122652022-03-15T10:22:28Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Title redacted
McNamara, Kevin
Fischer, Conan
Bavaj, Riccardo
Leo Baeck Institute
DA47.2M6
2017-06-22
2017-12-06T10:26:39Z
2017-12-06T10:26:39Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12265
en
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2022-05-25
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 25th May 2022
261 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/151122019-03-29T16:08:34Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The influence of industrial technology and material procurement on the design, construction and development of H.M.S. Victory
Goodwin, Peter
Prescott, Robert
VA458.V5G7
H.M.S. Victory
Ship Building
The aim of this paper is to show how industrial technology and material procurement influenced the development of British warship design and construction for the period 1760 to 1830 using the construction of HMS Victory as and archaeological base to work from. While much has been written about ship construction, technology and materials, these subjects have to some degree remained divorced from each other and thus need to be analysed collectively. To achieve this, this dissertation has been formulated into two parts; Part I covers the initial orders to build the Victory, the concepts of ship design, construction technique, and the materials employed when she was initially built. It also covers the designer and his contribution to ship development at the period and the possibility that he was influenced by current French shipbuilding practices. In brief, this section highlights the implications and possible inadequacies of general ship design in C.1760. Part II discusses the actual technological and constructional development of the Victory throughout her active career. The issues raised through this examination show that she very much reflects general ship development at the time. Besides endorsing the significant influence of industrial expansion, this section also emphasises the point that much can be learnt by analysing the ship using the same techniques as employed on an archaeological site. Sadly, the latter point has long been neglected, therefore, one of the objectives of this paper is to demonstrate that by archaeological investigation of individual timbers, a new dimension can be added to our understanding of structural development and building practices. To achieve this, I have chosen to examine HMS Victory as the most suitable three dimensional source, as her active working life falls within the dates specified above.
1998-06
2018-07-09T10:46:38Z
2018-07-09T10:46:38Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15112
en
application/pdf
193 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/197022021-04-12T11:01:41Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Early sole editorship of natural philosophical and scientific periodicals in the Holy Roman Empire and Britain, 1770s-1830s
Gielas, Anna Maria
Fyfe, Aileen
Royal Institution of Great Britain
University of St Andrews
Editorship
Holy Roman Empire
Britain
Enlightenment
Natural philosophy
Lorenz Crell
William Nicholson
Alexander Tilloch
Royal Institution
Lorenz Oken
Editing
Science
Scientific journals
Journals
Royal Society
Today, editors of science journals exercise a significant power over academic careers and the production of scientific knowledge—their editorial influence is rooted in the period 1770-1830 and the advent of sole editorship (in contrast to group-based editorship at scientific societies and academies).
This dissertation focuses on six sole editors from Britain and the Holy Roman Empire to investigate why individuals founded natural philosophical periodicals, how their editorship played out on a day-to-day basis, and what it meant for their professional and personal lives.
The contrasting experiences of Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch, Lorenz Crell, Lorenz Oken and William Nicholson, Alexander Tilloch, William Thomas Brande demonstrate the importance of personal motivations and local contexts. In the German lands, monarchs and their administrative elites indirectly incentivised academics to assume natural philosophical editorship. On the British side, there were no such incentives and editorship challenged established natural philosophical infrastructures. This thesis discusses both national contexts and their influence on the editorship of the six editors.
This thesis also reveals a crucial transnational parallel for the first generation of sole editors between 1770 and 1810: editorship of natural philosophical journals could be used by those on the philosophical periphery to design a philosophical identity for themselves, at a time before the development of formalised mechanisms for becoming a man-of-science.
The experiences of editors after 1810 show that, even once sole editorship had become a familiar concept among men-of-science, it was not necessarily easier to be a successful editor than it had been for its pioneers: sole editorship could, in fact, be outright detrimental to scientific self-fashioning.
This thesis also investigates what contributed to the ‘success’ of sole editorship. It turns out that neither a supportive publisher, nor a steady stream of contributions, was as important as one might expect. While acknowledging that economic concerns did matter, this thesis demonstrates that sole editorship was a highly adaptable socio-cultural instrument. And that the editorial activities of sole editors were not as far distant from learned society publishing as has often been assumed.
" I wish
to thank the Royal Institution of Great Britain and the University of St Andrews for the funding of
my PhD. For the generous financial support of my research, I also thank the Staatsbibliothek zu
Berlin, the Interdisziplinäre Zentrum für die Erforschung der Europäischen Aufklärung (IZEA) in
Halle, the German Historical Institute in London, the German Historical Society, the Funds for
Women Graduates, the Research Society for Victorian Periodicals, the Bibliographical Society and
the Royal Historical Society." -- Acknowledgements
2019-12-04
2020-03-24T16:41:11Z
2020-03-24T16:41:11Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19702
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-19702
en
2024-10-16
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Electronic copy restricted until 16th October 2024
245, [3] p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
Royal Institution of Great Britain
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/144672019-03-29T16:08:35Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
A cycle of American educational reform : Garfield and Bellingham High Schools in the state of Washington, 1958-1983
Nuzum, Kathleen A.
LA382.N8
Education--Washington (State)--History
Garfield High School (Seattle, Wash.)--History
Bellingham High School (Bellingham, Wash.)--History
This thesis examines the educational experience from 1958 to 1983 in two Washington State high schools: Bellingham High School and Garfield High School, Seattle. It focuses on what happened to the structure, curriculum content and environment within these schools, and also discusses the process of centralisation in Washington State educational administration. The period of study was bounded by two reports: James Bryant Conant's The American High School Today (January 1959), and A Nation at Risk (issued in 1983) by the U.S. Secretary of Education, Terrell Bell, and the National Commission on Excellence in Education, reports which were issued in response to the Cold War and to growing international economic competition. Conant and his generation of educators sought a system of secondary education that, by opening educational opportunities to all young Americans, would close the critical Soviet- US gap in missile and space technology, and would give the Cold War victory to the United States. However, national policies, state administration and socio-cultural change in American life all contributed to a shift in classroom emphasis away from traditional academics and measures of students' achievement during the quarter-century after Conant - a condition made clear by the National Commission in 1983. Whatever the other values of these educational reforms, they had a negative effect on student attitudes towards academic achievement, resulting in a disengagement from all aspects of school life. Despite cultural differences, the parallel institutional experiences of Bellingham and Garfield, and the similarities that emerged between the schools' administrative structures, educational goals, teaching strategies and learning styles, imply that class was also an important factor shaping the educational experience in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s.
2004
2018-06-22T13:45:07Z
2018-06-22T13:45:07Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14467
en
application/pdf
vi, 365 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/273832023-05-23T11:10:32Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
'The “English disease” : identities of melancholy in early modern England'
Betz, Emily
Kidd, Colin
Melancholy
Early modern England
Medicine
Hypochrondria
Hysteria
BF575.M44B4
Melancholy--England--History
Melancholy in literature--History
Illness anxiety disorder--England--History
Medicine--England--History
This thesis explores the various identities of the disease of melancholy in England between c.1580 and 1789. Melancholy was a disease with a long and ambiguous history of symptoms and meanings which can be traced back to Classical authors. It will be argued here that this disease bourgeoned in early modern England popular discourse in a way previously unseen. This flourishing was due to the specific cultural circumstances found in the two centuries under investigation which allowed for certain traits of the melancholy disease to become predominant in impactful ways. Using the philosopher Ian Hacking’s theoretical framework on ‘transient mental illness’, this thesis examines the appearance of the different common conceptions of melancholy in their religious, political, and social iterations. It argues that different disease identities become predominant as they moved into spaces created by ‘ecological niches’, before fading away when those niches changed. While the various melancholy identities never entirely disappeared, they did become more or less popular according to the cultural contexts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Ultimately, these changing identities of the ailment interacted with the circumstances of early modern England to produce a distinctly English reputation for melancholy in the 1700s.
2023-06-15
2023-04-11T11:13:14Z
2023-04-11T11:13:14Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27383
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/395
en
2028-01-23
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 23rd January 2028
application/msword
application/pdf
215
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/115722017-08-31T15:21:24Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Title redacted
Woods, Jack
Bavaj, Riccardo
Fischer, Conan
University of St Andrews. 600th Anniversary Scholarship
DK4800.L635W7
Funding provided by the St Andrews 600th Anniversary Scholarship 2013-2016
2017-12-08
2017-08-30T16:03:48Z
2017-08-30T16:03:48Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11572
en
2022-08-23
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 23rd August 2022
248 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/101202023-06-08T08:51:50Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Race in a Godless world : atheists and racial thought in Britain and the United States, c. 1850-1914
Alexander, Nathan
Kidd, Colin
University of St Andrews. School of History
Royal Historical Society (Great Britain)
Atheism
Race
Secularization
British history
American history
Nineteenth century
Imperialism
HT1523.A6
Race--Philosophy
Atheists--Great Britain--Attitudes--History
Atheists--United States--Attitudes--History
Secularization--Great Britain--History
Secularization--United States--History
“Race in a Godless World” examines the racial thought of atheists in Britain and the United States from about 1850 to 1914. While there have been no comprehensive studies of atheists’ views on race, there is a trend in the historiography on racial thought, which I have described as the “Race-Secularization Thesis,” that suggests a link between the secularization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and an increase in nineteenth-century racialism – that is, racial essentialism and determinism – as well as resulting racial prejudice and discrimination. Through a study of both leading and lesser-known atheists and freethinkers, I argue that the “Race-Secularization Thesis” needs to be reconsidered. A simple link between secularization and racialism is misleading. This is not to suggest that the “Race-Secularization Thesis” contains no truth, only that secularization did not inevitably lead to racialism. This dissertation helps to tell a more complex and nuanced story about the relationship between atheism and racial thought. While in some cases, nineteenth-century atheists and freethinkers were among the leading exponents of racialist views, there is an alternative story in which the atheist worldview – through its emphasis on rationality and skepticism – provided the tools with which to critique ideas of racial prejudice, racial superiority, and even the concept of race itself.
2017
2017-01-17T15:14:52Z
2017-01-17T15:14:52Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10120
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/10023-10120
en
application/pdf
245
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/45442019-07-01T10:03:56Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The conservatives' rout : an account of conservative ideas from Burke to Santayana
Kirk, Russell
JC202.K5
Conservatism--History
'The conservatives' rout', a study in politics, literature, and philosophy, is an endeavor to trace historically the course of conservative thought in Britain and America from the beginning of the French Revolution to the present day.
1952
2014-03-27T14:32:12Z
2014-03-27T14:32:12Z
Thesis
Doctoral
DLitt Doctor of Letters
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4544
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
application/pdf
application/pdf
2 v. (ix, 927)
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/137192019-03-29T16:08:44Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Realism, rationalism and revolutionism in Iran’s foreign policy : the West, the state and Islam
Gomari-Luksch, Laleh
Ansari, Ali M.
Diez, Thomas
Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung
Iran's foreign policy
Realism
Rationalism
Revolutionism
English School
Middle East politics
International relations
Discourse analysis
Quantitative and qualitative analysis
Iran
DS274.G7
Khamenei, Ali
Islam and politics--Iran
Political realism
Rationalism--Political aspects
Iran--Foreign relations--1997-
Iran--Foreign relations--Middle East
Iran’s foreign policy is consistent and is fundamentally realist with a revolutionist vision while the means are rationalist is the central argument of this dissertation. I make use of the English Schools three traditions of realism, rationalism and revolutionism in analyzing the speeches of Iranian statesmen to identify the ways in which the dynamics of the three traditions have evolved since 1997 and what it means for interpreting the developments of Iran’s foreign policy ventures. I utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis in examining the speeches of the supreme leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, the presidents since 1997. The quantitative method employs a customized software generating figures that represent the recurrence of realist, rationalist and revolutionist terminologies in all the documents downloaded from the official websites of the Iranian statesmen as well as the United Nations and select news agencies and affiliates. The quantitative phase of the analysis, meanwhile, carefully examined selected statements of the supreme leader and the presidents uncovering the foreign policy argumentations and justifications, which were studied alongside foreign policy actions and classified under the three traditions. The findings suggest that Iran’s foreign policy is the same as in the other states of international society – it is consistent and dynamic. It is simultaneously realist, rationalist and revolutionist with each tradition serving a specific purpose, which cannot be disentangled from the other two.
2018-06-28
2018-06-05T10:29:43Z
2018-06-05T10:29:43Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13719
en
application/pdf
277 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
University of Tübingen
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26512024-02-21T03:02:48Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The vernacular devotional literature of the English Catholic community, 1560-1640
Kelly, Augustine
Pettegree, Andrew
BX1492.K4
Catholic Church--England--History
Catholics--England
The Catholic
community of post-Settlement
England
relied upon
devotional
literature to sustain the faith
of
individuals
who were generally
deprived
of the
sacraments and contact with
Catholic
clergy.
Increasingly, these books
were used
not only to promote
Catholic
spirituality,
but to encourage greater fidelity
and
loyalty to the Catholic
church.
The
genre is
represented by texts which vary
greatly and which accommodated a wide and
disparate audience with
different
devotional
requirements and even with varying
degrees of attachment to the
Catholic faith.
The
period was one of tremendous religious
literary
activity on the Continent
and
those who were
involved in the production and
distribution
of
Catholic literature
drew heavily
upon the spiritual
books
which were
issuing in
such great numbers
from the commercial presses in France and the Netherlands. Translating the
devotional
works of the spiritual masters of the day
proved to be
a tremendously
effective way of providing
English
readers with
books
of orthodox
devotion,
while at the same time drawing the isolated
community
into the wider world of
Catholic
renewal.
Providing Catholic devotional texts to a persecuted audience under tremendous
pressure to conform very often
drew that audience
into the fray
of controversy and
the quarrel of religious
disputation. The line between devotion
and controversy
was thin and often crossed, and
devotional books
were
frequently
used as a
method of promoting not only
Catholic
spirituality,
but Catholic loyalty
as well.
Thus, these books, like
other
devotional
artefacts, were considered
dangerous to
the religious
-
and political
-
stability of
England. In the contemporary situation
these devotional books
were clearly regarded as effective tools for
maintaining
Catholicism in England, both by those who produced them and
by those who
sought to destroy them. The
study of these books
can
help
us to appreciate that
important
role and the place of
devotional literature in the wider context of
confessional conflict.
2001
2012-06-05T14:16:11Z
2012-06-05T14:16:11Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
uk.bl.ethos.492676
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/2651
en
application/pdf
354
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/260572022-09-23T02:03:20Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
A culture of reuse : libraries, learning and memory in early modern Germany
Schmid, Philippe Bernhard
Pettegree, Andrew
Kemp, Graeme
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
University of St Andrews
University of St Andrews. School of History
Herzog August Bibliothek
Bibliographical Society (Great Britain)
Oxford Bibliographical Society
Libraries
Learning
Collecting
Auctions
Reuse
Recycling
Secondhand
Material culture
Used books
Catalogues
Annotations
Marginalia
Note-taking
Notebooks
Manuscript culture
Historia litteraria
Universities
Memory culture
Enlightenment
History of the book
History of knowledge
Republic of Letters
Holy Roman Empire
Early Modern Germany
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
Fabricius, Johann Albert
Spanheim, Ezekiel
Placcius, Vincent
Beausobre, Isaac de
This dissertation studies the collection and reuse of scholarly books in early modern Germany. Employing a book-historical methodology for the wider history of knowledge, I show why used books played such a central role in the early modern transmission of knowledge. Learned book culture was focused on reuse to a larger degree than the history of the book has acknowledged. Following the afterlives of libraries, I argue that learned collecting in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was grounded in a culture of reuse and the trading of old books at auction. The aim of my study is to recontextualise the history of book collecting in this material culture of auctioning. Used books were especially prized in the early modern Republic of Letters if they contained traces of their forebears. This emphasis on the used instead of the new had a lasting influence on the memory of scholars. The German classical scholar Johann Albert Fabricius (1668–1736) had incorporated the notes left behind in the books of Marquard Gude (1635–1689) into his own works, redefining the intellectual legacy of his predecessor. My study focuses on the libraries of a group of scholars in the social network of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716), covering the transformational period from the introduction of auctioning after the Thirty Years’ War to the advent of larger public libraries during the 1750s. In contrast to earlier studies on auctioning, which were mostly based on printed catalogues, my thesis draws on a wider range of sources, such as annotations and marks of scholars in printed books, unpublished correspondence, wills, catalogues of books both in manuscript and in print and council minutes. By reconstructing the afterlife of libraries, this study reveals how the early modern transmission of knowledge was based on material practices of secondhand scholarship.
"I am grateful to the Scottish
Graduate School for Arts and Humanities for funding my dissertation project at the University of
St Andrews with a scholarship by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). I have
also received generous funding from the Herzog August Library, the University of St Andrews,
the School of History, the Bibliographical Society and the Oxford Bibliographical Society." -- Acknowledgements
2022-11-29
2022-09-22T15:25:08Z
2022-09-22T15:25:08Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/26057
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/202
en
2027-07-20
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 20th July 2027
application/msword
application/pdf
[7], 218 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26622019-03-29T16:08:46Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The social and administrative reforms of Lord William Bentinck
Seed, Geoffrey
DS475.8S4
Bentinck, William Henry Cavendish, Lord, 1774-1839
India--History--Sepoy Rebellion, 1857-1858
British--India
1949
2012-06-06T09:37:07Z
2012-06-06T09:37:07Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2662
en
application/pdf
430
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/237342021-08-10T13:50:36Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
“The Law is open on both sides.” : the contrasting British and Swedish interpretations of the Law of Nations and its impact on the role of perceptions and reputations in the East India trade of the 1730s-1740s
Simons, Christin
Murdoch, Steve
Banco de Santander
China Scholarship Council (CSC)
Werkgroep 18e Eeuw (Nijmegen, Netherlands)
Economic History Society
Royal Historical Society (Great Britain)
Society for Nautical Research (London, England)
University of St Andrews. St Leonard's College
World Ship Society
East India trade
Interloper
International law
Law of nations
Legal strategies
Maritime law
Swedish East India Company
Swedish history
Transnational history
Treaties
Svenska ostindiska kompaniet--History
Previous studies of the Swedish East India Company (SOIC) have consistently demonstrated the resentment of the ‘great maritime powers’, especially Great Britain, towards new competition emerging from Scandinavia. In response, the SOIC was forced to find a strategy to guarantee its survival and thereby avoid the fate of the recently abolished Ostend Company. While scholars have focused on the SOIC’s economic strategy, its legal strategy remains largely unexamined. This thesis explores the role of the Scot Colin Campbell (1686-1757) as a director of the SOIC, and how his knowledge of British law was a key component of Swedish success in the East India trade. Condemned as an ʽinterloperʼ by British legislation, his presence, viewed as hostile by other British subjects, naturally generated a response from Great Britain and the Honourable East India Company (EIC). The conflict culminated in the so-called Porto Novo affair of 1733, in which a 600-strong Franco-British force attacked the Swedish warehouse in the neutral town of Porto Novo on the Coromandel Coast. The ensuing eight-year-long lawsuit demonstrates the struggle between British exceptionalism and Swedish sovereignty, leading to the question: who owns the sea? Based on research into perceptions and reputations, this thesis contributes to the understanding of maritime conflicts in the absence of international maritime law and the impact of commercial treaties on the nationʼs sovereignty.
"This work was supported by the Economic History Society, St Leonard’s Postgraduate
College and the Chinese Scholarship Council to undertake my studies at the University of St
Andrews and the Beijing Language and Culture University. I was further supported by the
Banco Santander (administered through St Leonard’s Postgraduate College), the Royal
Historical Society, the World Ship Society, the Society for Nautical Research and the Dutch-Belgian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies, providing funding to speak at conferences
and undertake research in various archives." -- Funding
2021-07-01
2021-08-06T15:21:49Z
2021-08-06T15:21:49Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23734
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/121
en
2026-05-31
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 31st May 2026
228 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/143422019-03-29T16:08:50Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Robert Hadow : a case study of an appeaser
Michie, Lindsay W.
Vysny, Paul
DA566.9H2M5
Great Britain--Politics and government--20th century
Hadow, Robert, 1895-
Historians differ over the origins of Britain's policy of appeasement, and many analyses concentrate on the objectives of policy using the growth of overseas obligations or more recent historical markers such as the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. The approach of this thesis involves relating appeasement to the personal beliefs and decisions of those responsible for foreign policy. By pin-pointing Robert Hadow, a First Secretary in the Foreign Office, as an example of an appeaser, such an approach demonstrates how intelligent and capable men in Britain fell victim to a policy which, in retrospect, appears blind and irrational. An examination of Hadow's fear of war, bias against bolshevism, and sympathy for the German minority in Czechoslovakia is made in this thesis through detailed research of Foreign Office despatches and Hadow's reports, memoranda, and personal correspondence. Much of this hitherto unpublished material sheds new light on the course of events from the collapse of the Kredit Anstalt in Austria to the outbreak of World War II. By following the course of Hadow's career during this period, this thesis seeks to explain the mentality that produced the foreign policy followed by Britain in the 1930s.
1989-07
2018-06-20T13:11:37Z
2018-06-20T13:11:37Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14342
en
application/pdf
376 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/18842019-03-29T16:08:51Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Culture from the midnight hour : a critical reassessment of the black power movement in twentieth century America
Torrubia, Rafael
De Groot, Gerard J.
Black power
Black Panthers
Civil rights
African-American
1960s
1970s
Folklore
Art
E185.615T7
Black power--United States--History--20th century
Mass media--Political aspects--United States
African Americans and mass media
African Americans in mass media
United States--Civilization--African American influences
The thesis seeks to develop a more sophisticated view of the black power movement in
twentieth century America by analysing the movement’s cultural legacy. The rise, maturation
and decline of black power as a political force had a significant impact on American culture,
black and white, yet to be substantively analysed.
The thesis argues that while the black power movement was not exclusively cultural it
was essentially cultural. It was a revolt in and of culture that was manifested in a variety of
forms, with black and white culture providing an index to the black and white world view. This
independent black culture base provided cohesion to a movement otherwise severely lacking
focus and structural support for the movement’s political and economic endeavours. Each
chapter in the PhD acts as a step toward understanding black power as an adaptive cultural term
which served to connect and illuminate the differing ideological orientations of movement
supporters and explores the implications of this. In this manner, it becomes possible to
conceptualise the black power movement as something beyond a cacophony of voices which
achieved few tangible gains for African-Americans and to move the discussion beyond
traditional historiographical perspectives which focus upon the politics and violence of the
movement.
Viewing the movement from a cultural perspective places language, folk culture, film,
sport, religion and the literary and performing arts in a central historical context which served to
spread black power philosophy further than political invective. By demonstrating how culture
served to broaden the appeal and facilitate the acceptance of black power tenets it is possible to
argue that the use of cultural forms of advocation to advance black power ideologies contributed
significantly to making the movement a lasting influence in American culture – one whose
impact could be discerned long after its exclusively political agenda had disintegrated.
2011-06-23
2011-06-22T10:40:33Z
2011-06-22T10:40:33Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1884
en
Electronic copy restricted temporarily
application/pdf
315
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/6412019-03-29T16:08:51Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
William Cecil and the British succession crisis of the 1560s
Alford, Stephen
Guy, John A.
DA356.A6
Burghley, William Cecil, Baron, 1520-1598
Great Britain--Politics and government--1558-1603
Great Britain--Kings and rulers--Succession--History--16th century
'William Cecil and the British succession crisis of the 1560s' reconsiders the nature of the early Elizabethan polity and Cecil's place in it. Conventional historiography maintains that as principal secretary Cecil was a moderate, cautious, and religiously neutral politician, content to follow Elizabeth I's direction in policy. More recently, Professors Patrick Collinson and John Guy have challenged this interpretation of the Elizabethan polity. Based on a thorough survey of the archives, my thesis explores Cecil's political creed in the 1560s. Three years of research have helped to paint a radically different picture of Cecil to the one traditionally represented: he was a councillor prepared to redefine his relationship with a monarch who refused to abide by the rules of monarchy and select a successor.
The eight chapters of the thesis blend two complementary themes. First, that Elizabethan in the 1560s experienced a British succession crisis and not, as Professor Collinson has maintained, an English domestic succession crisis. And second, that the political situation in Britain and Europe - the determination of the continental catholic powers to use Mary Stuart's claim to the English throne as a weapon against protestant England - had a profound impact on the mentality of protestant Englishmen and debate in England. It persuaded Cecil to press for a pre-emptive strike against the French in Scotland (chapter two), which he defended by appealing to the feudal-imperial power of the English monarch; he used the same argument to justify the 'first trial' of Mary Stuart in 1568 (chapter seven). In this British context, Elizabeth's refusal to secure England's future led to parliamentary action in 1563 and a Cecil plan for interregnum by privy council in the event of Elizabeth's death, twenty-two years before its re-emergence in 1585 (chapter four). The régime could not find a diplomatic solution to the marriage between Mary and Lord Darnley in 1565 (chapter five): parliament debated the succession in 1566 and Cecil disobeyed the queen by pressing for a settlement (chapter six). Cecil's approach to the crisis was innovative, and his political creed is profoundly important to any assessment of politics in Elizabeth I's reign.
1997
2009-03-30T14:41:02Z
2009-03-30T14:41:02Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/641
en
19905175 bytes
application/pdf
application/pdf
xii, 298
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/166122023-12-08T03:02:53Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Selling the republican ideal: state communication in the Dutch Golden Age
der Weduwen, Arthur
Pettegree, Andrew
University of St Andrews. School of History
Dutch Republic
Seventeenth century
Politics
Communication
Print
Government publications
Dutch Revolt
Legislation
Pamphlets
Broadsheets
DJ146.D4
Netherlands--Politics and government--1556-1648
Netherlands--History--Eighty Years' War--1568-1648
Government communication systems--Netherlands--History
Government publications--Netherlands--History--16th century
Political culture--Netherlands--History--16th century
This study seeks to describe the public communication practices of the authorities in the Dutch Golden Age. It is a study of ‘state communication’: the manner in which the authorities sought to inform their citizens, publicise their laws, and engage publicly in quarrels with their political opponents. These communication strategies underpinned the political stability of the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic. Concerned about their decorous appearance, the regents who ruled the country always understated the extent to which they relied on the consent of their citizens. The regents shared a republican ideal which dismissed the agency of popular consent; but this was an ideal, like so many ideals in the Dutch Republic, which existed in art and literature, but was not practised in daily life.
The practicalities of governance demanded that the regents of the Dutch Republic adopt a sophisticated system of communication. The authorities employed town criers and bailiffs to speed through town and country to repeat proclamations; they instructed ministers to proclaim official prayer days at church; and they ensured that everywhere, on walls, doors, pillars and public boards, one could find the texts of ordinances, notices and announcements issued by the authorities. In the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic, politics was not the prerogative of the few. That this was due to the determined efforts of the authorities has never been appreciated. Far from withholding political information, the regents were finely attuned to the benefit of involving their citizens in the affairs of state. The Dutch public was exposed to a wealth of political literature, much of it published by the state. The widespread availability of government publications also exposed the law to prying, critical eyes; and it paved the way to make the state, and the bewildering wealth of legislation it communicated, more accountable.
2018-12-07
2018-12-03T13:53:38Z
2018-12-03T13:53:38Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16612
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-16612
en
Embargo period has ended, thesis made available in accordance with University regulations
application/pdf
xxi, 352 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
School of History
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/77152021-05-07T13:08:34Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Lutheran piety and visual culture in the Duchy of Württemberg, 1534 – c. 1700
Watson, Róisín
Heal, Bridget
Lutheranism
Visual culture
Reformation
Germany
N7950.A3W8
Reformation and art--Germany--Württemberg (Duchy)
Christianity and art--Lutheran Church
Württemberg (Duchy)--Religious life and customs
Württemberg (Duchy)--Civilization--16th century
Württemberg (Duchy)--Civilization--17th century
Early modern Lutherans, as is well known, worshipped in decorated churches. They adopted a path of reform that neither disposed of all ornament nor retained all the material trappings of the Catholic church. This thesis studies the fortunes of ecclesiastical art in the Duchy of Württemberg after its Reformation in 1534 and the place images found for themselves in the devotional lives of Lutherans up to c. 1700.
The territory was shaped not just by Lutheranism, but initially by Zwinglianism too. The early years of reform thus saw moments of iconoclasm. The Zwinglian influence was responsible for a simple liturgy that distinguished Württemberg Lutheranism from its confessional allies in the north. This study considers the variety of uses to which Lutheran art was put in this context. It addresses the different ways in which Lutherans used the visual setting of the church to define their relationships with their God, their church, and each other. The Dukes of Württemberg used their stance on images to communicate their political and confessional allegiances; pastors used images to define the parameters of worship and of the church space itself; parishioners used images, funerary monuments, and church
adornment to express their Lutheran identity and establish their position within social hierarchies. As Lutheranism developed in the seventeenth century, so too did Lutheran art, becoming more suited to fostering contemplative devotion. While diverse in their aims, many Lutherans appreciated the importance of regular investment in the visual. Ducal pronouncements, archives held centrally and locally, surviving artefacts and decoration in churches, and printed sources enable the distinctive visual character of Lutheranism in Württemberg to be identified here.
2015-11-30
2015-10-29T14:57:30Z
2015-10-29T14:57:30Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7715
en
2025-10-23
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 23rd October 2025
2 v. in 1 (ix, 240, [65] p.)dc11
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
St Andrews Reformation Studies Institute
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/262782022-11-02T03:03:48Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
He remains an Englishman? : masculine nostalgia and the perception of the German threat in mid-Victorian and Edwardian England
Earnshaw, James
Müller, Frank Lorenz
Easterby-Smith, Sarah
Masculinity
Nostalgia
Cultural history
Gender history
Anglo-German relations
Victorian Britain
Edwardian Britain
Englishness
HQ1090.7G7E2
Masculinity--England--History
Nostalgia--England--History
Men|zEngland--Conduct of life--History
Great Britain--Foreign relations--Germany
This thesis investigates the prevalence, pertinence, and potency of a recurrent gender discourse in mid-nineteenth- and early twentieth-century England: masculine nostalgia. Nostalgic views of the national past abounded in Victorian and Edwardian England. This narrative, espoused by commentators and politicians, claimed that contemporary English men were heirs to a great ancestral legacy, bequeathed to them by their predecessors who embodied a paradigm of masculinity. This story facilitated, and ostensibly legitimated, a sense of entitlement for the English, particularly for white upper-middle-class men. However, it also invited nagging doubts over whether the present generation could live up to their progenitors’ idealised masculine character.
This thesis examines when and why this nostalgic disposition became intersected by masculine angst, and what impact this trope had on the language of politics. It asks what conditions instigated these insecurities; why these concerns persisted throughout the mid-Victorian and Edwardian period; and how these fears were communicated to the English public. In short, the thesis seeks to uncover a historical continuity amid a period of immense social, political, and cultural change. It argues that the perception of the German threat between 1870 and 1909 resulted, in part, from a projection of latent English masculine insecurities. The reactions to this imagined threat were shaped by a lingering sense of inadequacy vis-à-vis previous generations. Chapters one and two examine how this discourse emerged beyond a German stimulus in the responses to the Indian Uprisings of 1857, and the origins of the Volunteer Movement in 1859. Chapters three to seven consider how the portrayal of, and responses to, German foreign policy reveal that this nostalgic view of the past shaped attitudes towards rivals’ policies. The thesis concludes that masculine nostalgia was a powerful discourse that was weaponized by upper-middle-class men to socialise contemporaries into social, political, and gender hierarchies.
2022-11-30
2022-10-31T15:17:40Z
2022-10-31T15:17:40Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/26278
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/214
en
2027-09-06
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 6th September 2027
application/pdf
application/pdf
application/msword
application/msword
viii, 254 p.
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/7702019-03-29T16:08:51Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Wordmongers : post-medieval scribal culture and the case of Sighvatur Grímsson
Ólafsson, Davíð
Houston, R. A. (Robert Allan)
Z107.5G8O6
Grímsson, Sighvatur, 1840-1930
Scribes--Iceland--Biography
Transmission of texts--Iceland--19th century
Manuscripts, Icelandic
Books and reading--Iceland--History
Icelandic literature--19th century--History and criticism
Iceland--Intellectual life--19th century
The subject matter of this thesis is manuscript and scribal culture in the age of print. Its first part
explores the flourishing scholarship of post-medieval scribal culture in Europe and beyond over the
past 25-30 years, as well as recent trends and turns in the historiography of printing and of literacy.
These studies make a strong case for a radical revision of how these fundamental cultural phenomena
should be viewed. As a part of the so-called cultural turn and postmodernist revisionism of the 1980s
and 1990s, the new trend has been to reject the dichotomies of manuscript versus print and of literacy
versus illiteracy in favour of more ambiguous and complex images where multiple media and modes
of transmission and reception coexist and interact with each other.
The second part of the thesis deals with literary culture in nineteenth-century Iceland: both the general
framework of the production, dissemination and consumption of texts, and the individual case of the
farmer, fisherman and scribe Sighvatur Grímsson (1840-1930) and his cultural surroundings.
Focussing on Sighvatur’s life between 1840 and 1873, the thesis presents an argument about the
function of the scribal medium within a poor, rural, and de-institutionalized society.
Central to the theoretical framework is a microhistorical approach and the juxtaposition of both narrow
and wide scope, zooming from one individual protagonist out to his local surroundings and
communities and further out to Icelandic scribal and literary culture as a whole. The scope of the thesis
can be described in terms of four concentric circles: the individual, his intimate community, Icelandic
society, and the wider European and global context during the ‘post-Gutenbergian era’.
2009
2009-11-03T15:31:30Z
2009-11-03T15:31:30Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/770
en
application/pdf
220 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/113812022-10-11T12:18:04Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The judgement of the Symbionese Liberation Army : displaced narratives of 1970s American political violence
McGuire, Megan Ryan
De Groot, Gerard J.
HN90.V5
F866.2M3
Symbionese Liberation Army
Political violence--United States--History--20th century
This thesis outlines the perception of homegrown political violence in
The United States during the 1970s, as personified by the Symbionese Liberation
Army, through a reconstruction and analysis of the critical narratives used to
ascribe meaning to them contemporaneously. Scholarship thus far has failed to
recognize the importance of this group, dismissing their ineffectual actions and
ideology rather than recognizing the broader importance of their cultural
permeation. Although the SLA was informed by juvenile political awareness and
characterized by largely ineffective revolutionary actions, the failure by most
historians of the period to address the form and function of their ubiquitous
public image has contributed to the groundless historical assumption that the
political violence of the early 1970s was no more than the inevitable result of the
personal and political self-indulgences of the 1960s. This misconception has thus
far preempted meaningful analysis of this chapter of unprecedented American
political violence and the American public’s first interaction with political
extremism, articulated through civilian casualties, bombings, kidnapping, and the
co-option of print and broadcast media. This experience, and particularly the way
in which the SLA was portrayed at that time, contributed to the construction of
simplistic dichotomies and vague explanations for political violence that were
used contemporaneously to delegitimize protest by the left and justify the
governmental abuse of civil liberties and have carried through largely unchanged
to public discourse today. A careful analysis of the construction and reception of
the SLA's meaning is therefore essential to a more lucid understanding of the
times. Accordingly, the goal of this thesis is to reconstruct and analyze the
narratives of the SLA in order to understand their role in American culture and
1970s political violence and ultimately to chart their loss of agency and the
devaluation of their meaning in both history and public memory.
2014
2017-08-04T14:38:37Z
2017-08-04T14:38:37Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11381
en
2024-11-05
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 5th November 2024
v, 281 leaves
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/269932023-11-21T03:02:45Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Republican Jacobitism : Sir James Steuart and Scottish political thought
Gallagher, Cailean
Whatmore, Richard
Haakonssen, Knud
University of St Andrews. St Leonard's College Scholarship
DA813.G2
Abstract redacted
2022-11-30
2023-02-16T12:44:11Z
2023-02-16T12:44:11Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/26993
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/287
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
2024-09-12
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 12th September 2024
application/pdf
application/msword
232
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26672019-03-29T16:08:54Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Crown colony government in Jamaica, 1865-1885
Augier, Fitzroy Richard
JL634.A8
Jamaica--Politics and government
Pressure groups--Jamaica--History
Political participation--Jamaica
Symbolism in politics--Jamaica
1954
2012-06-06T13:12:29Z
2012-06-06T13:12:29Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2667
en
application/pdf
480
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/144622019-03-29T16:08:55Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Insanity, idiocy and responsibility : criminal defences in northern England and southern Scotland, 1660-1830
Adamson, David J.
Houston, R. A. (Robert Allan)
Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland
Russell Trust
KD7897.A3
Insanity--Jurisprudence--Great Britain--History
Mental retardation--Great Britain--History
Stupidity--Great Britain--History
Criminal liability--Great Britain--History
Defense (Criminal procedure)--Great Britain--History
This thesis compares criminal defences of insanity and idiocy between 1660 and 1830 in northern England and southern Scotland, regions which have been neglected by the historiographies of British crime and "insanity defences". It is explained how and why English and Scottish theoretical principles differed or converged. In practice, however, courtroom participants could obtain to alternative conceptions of accountability and mental distraction. Quantitative and qualitative analyses are employed to reveal contemporary conceptions of mental afflictions and criminal responsibility, which provide inverse reflections of "normal" behaviour, speech and appearance. It is argued that the judiciary did not dictate the evaluation of prisoners' mental capacities at the circuit courts, as some historians have contended. Legal processes were determined by subtle, yet complex, interactions between "decision-makers". Jurors could reach conclusions independent from judicial coercion. Before 1830, verdicts of insanity could represent discord between bench and jury, rather than the concord emphasised by some scholars. The activities of counsel, testifiers and prisoners also impinged upon the assessment of a prisoner's mental condition and restricted the bench's dominance. Despite important evidentiary evolutions, the courtroom authentication of insanity and idiocy was not dominated by Britain's evolving medical professions (including "psychiatrists") before 1830. Lay, communal understandings of mental afflictions and criminal responsibility continued to inform and underpin the assessment of a prisoner's mental condition. Such decisions were affected by social dynamics, such as the social and economic status, gender, age and legal experience of key courtroom participants. Verdicts of insanity and the development of Britain's legal practices could both be shaped by micro- and macro-political considerations. This thesis opens new avenues of research for British "insanity defences", whilst offering comparisons to contemporary Continental legal procedures.
2005
2018-06-22T13:13:07Z
2018-06-22T13:13:07Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14462
en
application/pdf
xiii, 479 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/250152022-03-12T03:02:55Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Radical ideas of political practice in 1780s and 1790s Britain
Westwell, Amy
Whatmore, Richard
Scottish Graduate School for Arts and Humanities (SGSAH)
This thesis examines ideas about political tactics in 1780s and 1790s Britain. Edmund Burke
characterised radicals in the aftermath of the French Revolution as speculative thinkers with no
understanding of political action. This rhetorical strategy obscured the ideas of reformers who
were frustrated with the rationalist bent of their movement and who, inspired by Scottish
philosophy and events in Ireland, tried to work out what was to be done.
James Mackintosh and Samuel Parr responded to Burke by arguing that theory could apply to
practice, while David Williams outlined how political theory could direct reformers to the means to
harness the general will and enact it through the sovereign. Interest in arming the people led
David Steuart Erskine, Robert Watson, and John Cartwright to invoke the ideas of Andrew
Fletcher. This interest in a militia was not purely theoretical; in Ireland from 1778 the Volunteers
used a combination of arms and sumptuary rules to win legislative and trading rights. Francis
Dobbs, Joseph Pollock and Henry Flood examined this movement to learn about political tactics.
Lord George Gordon advocated for Francis Dobbs in the House of Commons and was imprisoned
for his attempts to derail the Anglo-French Commercial Treaty, an issue that once again brought
together Irish politics and discussions of commerce and luxury. In the 1790s, United Irishmen
linked their understanding of the anti-luxury practice of the Volunteers with knowledge of the
constitution they had learned from John Millar at Glasgow University. Meanwhile, Lord Buchan
was using an unlikely tactic, the practice of history, to stir the Scots to pay attention to their
Buchananite heritage. The tactical thought of British radicals in the 1790s was rarely concerned
with discussions of the rights of man, but instead referred to ideas of arms, kings, commerce, and
history.
2020-12-02
2022-03-09T15:18:24Z
2022-03-09T15:18:24Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25015
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/159
en
application/pdf
8, 222 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/3142019-07-01T10:14:04Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The martyrology of Jean Crespin and the early French evangelical movement
Watson, David
Pettegree, Andrew
BR350.C84W2
Crespin, Jean, d. 1572
Printers--Switzerland--History--16th century
Jean Crespin's 'Histoire des vrays tesmoins' was the official martyrology of the French Reformed Church. Published in Geneva in 1554, this collection has been consistently quarried as a fundamental source for the study of the early Reformation in France. Historians and other commentators of the period 1523-1555 have made use of this collection of martyr stories as a repository of reliable first-hand evidence as to the nature and make-up of the early French evangelical movement. However, the central theme of this dissertation is that the 'Histoire' is, in fact, far from a reliable source. Written with a profoundly different sense of objectivity than twentieth-century ideals of history-writing, Crespin's collection must be used with more care and circumspection than has previously been the case. Written by a firm adherent to Calvin's nascent regime in Geneva, Crespin's collection was compiled within well-defined traditions of Christian martyrology as a pedagogical tool, which necessarily affected its authenticity as a historical souce.
The eight chapters of the thesis offer a corrective evaluation of the reliability and woth of the 'Histoire' as evidence in assessing this period. Crespin's ambitions and methodology are set out, as are the traditions of history-writing within which he operated (chapter 2). Subsequent chapters show how an uncritical analysis of the 'Histoire' has distorted our view of the period of the French Reformation up to the establishment of open Calvinist churches in 1555. This is especially the case when it is shown that the edition most used by modern-day historians is, in fact, the least reliable (chapter 7). For Crespin, concurrent persecution in other parts of Europe confirmed the righteousness of the Protestant cause. Consequently, the 'Histoire' became the most international of all the Protestant martyrologies that were produced in the sixteenth century, something that is relected in chapter 6.
1998-03
2007-04-11T09:55:44Z
2007-04-11T09:55:44Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/314
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
14779705 bytes
application/pdf
application/pdf
v, 211 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/142932019-03-29T16:08:58Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The Court of Star Chamber, 1629-1641
Dalla Lana, Steven Carl
Kenyon, J. P.
DA397.L2L2
Great Britain--History--Charles I, 1625-1649
Great Britain. Court of Star Chamber
The Court of Star Chamber was abolished by the Long Parliament for reasons, as yet, not clearly established. Most recent research has shown that the court retained its popularity with litigants until the 1640's. Three reasons for the court's downfall have also been suggested; namely, that the Star Chamber meted out severe corporal punishments, that Charles I's government made use of the court to support controversial religious and economic policies. However, this research has not clearly established a link between these three factors and the dissolution of the court of Star Chamber. It also failed to show how the court could nonetheless remain popular until the late 1630's and only then be hastily abolished in 1641. Historians, with hind-sight, have sought to blame the actions of the court during the 1630's for its abrogation. They have presented only a limited cause and effect relationship. How did the actions of the court from 1629 - 1640 result in a call for its dissolution? The research to be presented herein begins with a review of the cliche reason, that the court had exceeded its statutory rights. By showing that the court had no real statutory foundation and by examining the attitudes of various historians on this aspect, one can understand how this viewpoint became possible and how it eventually was found to be a false viewpoint. Next, a review of the actions of the Court during 1629 to 1641 was undertaken to seek possible causes for the dissolution of the Court. Upon failing to find any conclusive evidence for such causes, an in-depth analysis of the Long Parliament during 1640 - 1641 seemed appropriate. It is here that one sees what truly influenced the decision of the Long Parliament to dissolve the Star Chamber. Re-examination of those cases which Parliament had reviewed shows clearly why Parliament felt it to be necessary to abrogate the Court of Star Chamber. Parliament examined the most notorious cases from the period, 1629 - 1640. These cases influenced Parliament's eventual decision because they indicated that the Court was extending its mandate beyond some undefined boundaries. The reasons for its dissolution were, and still remain, the same but when these reasons are analyzed in the context of Parliament's review of the Star Chamber, the cause for the dissolution becomes apparent. I believe that it was the influence of the petitions of Walter Long, Richard Chambers, Alexander Leighton, William Prynne, David Foulis, John Corbet, John Williams, Richard Wiseman, Pierce Crosby, John Bastwicke, and John Burton that directly initiated the review of the Court and, subsequently, indirectly, caused the dissolution of the Court.
1988-07
2018-06-20T08:27:23Z
2018-06-20T08:27:23Z
Thesis
Masters
MPhil Master of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14293
en
application/pdf
xii, 163 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/288912024-01-04T03:03:40Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Title redacted
Michael, Leonard Willy
Randjbar-Daemi, Siavush
Ansari, Ali M.
Scottish Graduate School for Arts and Humanities (SGSAH)
University of St Andrews. St Leonard's College
JQ1789.A8M5
Abstract redacted
2024-06-13
2023-12-18T16:22:00Z
2023-12-18T16:22:00Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/28891
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/682
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2028-12-13
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 13 December 2028
application/pdf
application/msword
229
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/19712019-03-29T16:08:58Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Publishing in Paris, 1570-1590 : a bibliometric analysis
John, Philip Owen
Pettegree, Andrew
Book history
Printing
Early-modern France
Paris
French Wars of Religion
Bibliometrics
Z310.6P2J7
Publishers and publishing--France--Paris--History--16th century
Printers--France--Paris--History--16th century
Bibliometrics--France--Paris
Paris (France)--History--16th century
France--History--Wars of the Huguenots, 1562-1598
Religious literature--Publishing--France--History--16th century
This thesis is an examination of the printing industry in Paris between 1570 and 1590. These years represent a relatively under-researched period in the history of Parisian print. This period is of importance because of an event in 1572 – the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, and an event in 1588 – the Day of the Barricades and the subsequent exit from Paris of Henry III. This thesis concerns itself with the two years prior to 1572 and two years after 1588 in order to provide context, but the two supporting frames of this investigation are those important events. This thesis attempts to assess what effect those events had upon the printing industry in the foremost print centre of both France and Western Europe. With the religious situation in Paris quietened was there any concrete change in the 1570s and 1580s regarding the types of books printed in Paris? Was there any attempt to exploit this religious stability by pursuing the ‘retreating’ Protestant confession, or did the majority of printers turn away from confessional arguments and polemical literature? What were the markets for Paris books: were they predominantly local or international? The method by which these questions have been addressed is with a bibliometric analysis of the output of the Paris print shops. This statistical approach allows one to address the entire corpus of a city’s output and allows both broad surveys of the data in terms of categorisation of print, but also narrower studies of individual printers and their output. As such this approach allows the printing industry of Paris to be surveyed and analysed in a way that would otherwise be impossible. This statistical approach also allows the books to be seen as an economic item of industrial production instead of purely a culture item of artistic creation. This approach enhances rather than reduces the significance of a book’s cultural importance as it allows the researcher to fully appreciate the achievement and investment of both finance and time that was necessary for the completion of a well printed book.
2011-06-23
2011-08-12T13:13:48Z
2011-08-12T13:13:48Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
uk.bl.ethos.552570
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1971
en
application/pdf
283
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/151112019-03-29T16:09:00Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Flat floors and apple bows : evidence for the emergence of an improved merchant vessel type from the North of England during the eighteenth century
Broadwater, John D.
Martin, Colin
VM142.B8
Shipbuilding--Early works to 1800
This study provides a detailed description of eighteenth-century English merchant vessels and tests the hypothesis posed in 1962 by Professor Ralph Davis that during the eighteenth century a significantly improved merchant vessel type emerged in England that required a smaller crew but carried more cargo than previous English vessels, thus boosting England's position as one of the world's greatest maritime nations. The study also develops vessel descriptions that will assist nautical archaeologists in identifying and classifying shipwreck remains. Merchant vessels were chosen for study because of the relative scarcity of scholarly publications on commercial vessels from the age of sail and because of the wealth of new archaeological data on English merchant vessels that has emerged during the past two decades. A wide range of historical and archaeological information was reviewed and, in spite of initial indications to the contrary, it was possible to amass an incredible wealth of information on seventeenth- and eighteenth-century merchant vessels built in England or her colonies. This study presents descriptions, illustrations and draughts of a variety of eighteenth-century English merchant vessels, along with a number of archaeological examples that demonstrate a richly diverse range of hull forms and rigs. Much of the detailed archaeological information was recovered from a group of sunken vessels from the Battle of Yorktown, 1781, especially site 44YO88, which proved to be an English collier built in 1772 and leased as a naval transport. There is much evidence to suggest that the highest quality, most capacious, most efficient, most long-lived, most stable and strongest merchant vessels in England during the eighteenth century were being produced in the northern ports where the primary export was coal. Rather than representing a radical new design, those colliers appear to have embodied the best compromise of qualities for a bulk cargo carrier, qualities that were already known and appreciated a century earlier, but which may have found a new harmony in the collier. Even with the many descriptions and widespread praise focused on the flat-floored, apple-bowed colliers of northern England, there does not appear to be sufficient evidence to assert that English colliers represented, in the eighteenth century, a radically improved vessel type. However, it seems reasonable to assume that those sturdy, reliable vessels successfully satisfied the economic needs of the times and provided a new source of pride for English shipbuilders. It also seems reasonable to speculate, in retrospect, that their appearance, in the large numbers that flowed out of northern yards in the eighteenth century, improved the overall efficiency and quality of the English merchant marine.
1999-03
2018-07-09T10:46:34Z
2018-07-09T10:46:34Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15111
en
application/pdf
477 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/136632020-11-05T13:56:15Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Taming debauchery : church discipline in the Presbytery of St Andrews and the American colonies of New Jersey and New York, 1750-1800
Huntley, Heather Maurine
Houston, R. A. (Robert Allan)
BX8936.H8
Presbyterian Church--United States--New York--History--18th century
Presbyterian Church--United States--New Jersey--History--18th century
Church of Scotland.--Presbytery of St Andrews--History--18th century
Creating moralistic societies was a concern of the churches and the governments of Scotland and the American colonies of New York and New Jersey in the eighteenth century. However, church and state relations in Scotland and the American colonies were dissimilar and the differences manifested themselves in the various approaches taken by each body to suppress the immoral behaviour that existed in both countries. By examining the disciplinary procedures and cases in the parishes of the Presbytery of St Andrews and the Presbyterian churches in the colonies of New York and New Jersey, these divergences emerge and illuminate the relationship between church and state. The Church of Scotland was recognized as the established church by the state and was allowed to implement its own Presbyterian system of government and discipline according to its ecclesiastical doctrines and theological beliefs. The state utilized its legal systems to punish and correct immoral behaviour. In Scotland, the two systems had defined boundaries and complemented one another in their efforts to suppress immorality. However, not only did the American colonies lack a centralized state until 1776, but the colonies also lacked an established church. Alternatively, each colony had its own governing bodies, judicial systems, and a variety of church denominations. The Presbyterian Church, one of the many churches in the colonies of New York and New Jersey, utilised a Presbyterian system of ecclesiastical discipline in order to supplement the judicial systems' attempts to suppress immorality within the colonies.
2004
2018-06-01T12:10:32Z
2018-06-01T12:10:32Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13663
en
application/pdf
xii, 369 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/25792020-12-09T11:28:04Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The Gondi family : strategy and survival in late sixteenth-century France
Milstein, Joanna M.
Pettegree, Andrew
Sixteenth-century France
Gondi family
Patronage
DC36.8G7M5
Gondi family
France--History--16th century
Patronage, Political--France--History--16th century
This thesis details the rise to power of one of the great families of late sixteenth-century France, the Gondi. Antoine de Gondi, the last of fifteen children, left his native Florence to settle permanently in France in the first decade of the sixteenth century. Like many other Italian immigrants of his time, he established himself in Lyon as a merchant and banker. He later bought the Seigneurie du Perron, and married a woman of Piedmontese origin, Marie-Catherine de Pierrevive. Catherine de’ Medici met the couple and soon after invited them to court, giving them positions in the royal households. Antoine’s children, most notably Albert and Pierre, distinguished themselves at court, and not long afterwards were awarded the highest offices of state and church. Albert became Marshal of France in 1573, and Pierre became Bishop of Paris in 1570. At the same time, they proved themselves indispensable servants to the monarchy, and served the crown diplomatically, politically and financially, both in France and on foreign missions. Both brothers had large Parisian real estate holdings, both inside and outside the city centre. The essential role of the Gondi women in family strategy is also analysed. Albert and Pierre’s sister, Jeanne, became Prioress at the royal Priory of Saint-Louis de Poissy. The cousins of Albert and Pierre, Jean-Baptiste and Jérôme Gondi, stayed closely connected to the world of international banking and, together with other bankers, facilitated loans to the increasingly insolvent crown.
The Gondi were often targets of anti-Italian hostility from various segments of French society, and contemporary perceptions of the Gondi family are examined. This study shows the family’s deployment of and reliance on close kin to expand their web of influence throughout France and abroad. This dissertation details the many mechanisms employed by the Gondi family to consolidate and expand their influence during the tumultuous French wars of religion.
2011-11-30
2012-05-02T10:42:16Z
2012-05-02T10:42:16Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2579
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
2016-09-14
Print and electronic copy restricted until 14th September 2016. Restriction now expired. Awaiting final permissions to release or further restrict full text
235
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/138162019-03-29T16:09:03Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
'Preparing for government?' : Wilhelm Frick as Thuringia's Nazi Minister of the Interior and of Education, 23 January 1930 - 1 April 1931
Crichton, Kevin John
McElligott, Anthony
German Historical Institute in London
DD256.5C8
Frick, Wilhelm
2002
2018-06-07T12:19:12Z
2018-06-07T12:19:12Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13816
en
application/pdf
360 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/156062018-09-12T15:28:43Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Fighting the last war : Britain, the lost generation and the Second World War
Tranter, Samuel J.
De Groot, Gerard J.
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
Royal Historical Society (Great Britain)
D744.7G7T8
World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects--Great Britain
World War, 1914-1918--Influence
Collective memory--Great Britain
War and society--Great Britain--History--20th century
War poetry, English--20th century
British Legion
Concerted efforts to debunk popular myths about the Great War have resulted in cant attention being paid to the purpose and value of the lost generation myth within British society, particularly during times of further conflict such as the Second World War. This thesis reveals the benefits of reflecting on the previous conflict in ways connected with the concept of a lost generation during the years 1939-45. These benefits boiled down to the fact that myths exist for their utility as means of comprehending both past and present. This applied to the myth in its strictest sense as an explanatory narrative used to interpret demographic issues as well as psychological, spiritual and material ones. Notions of a missing generation and visions of the living lost are therefore used to demonstrate how the concept of a lost generation was used to make sense of the world. Also examined are the myth’s wider discursive effects. Other handy devices used to understand the past and to approach the present were powerful symbols and commemorative narratives closely connected to visions of a lost generation. Analysis of the myth-making power of major poets demonstrates how engagement with the iconic status and visions of Rupert Brooke, Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sasoon was used to outline contemporary concerns. A detailed examination of the language surrounding the British Legion’s Poppy Appeal and the observance of Armistice Day also shows how these rituals were used not only to frame loss but also to understand and explain the renewal of international conflict. By exposing the utility of these related discourses and practices, as well as of the myth in its own right, this thesis ultimately illuminates a crucial phase in the myth’s endurance as a popular definition of what happened between 1914 and 1918.
2018
2018-07-19T16:18:48Z
2018-07-19T16:18:48Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15606
en
2020-05-29
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 29th May 2020
229 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/291222024-02-15T03:03:37Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The 1939 New York World’s Fair : cultural diplomacy in the age of Fascism
Fortuna, James
Bavaj, Riccardo
Ferris, Kate
Rose, Sam
Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR)
Association for the Study of Modern Italy (ASMI)
Fascism
Diplomacy
Architecture
Exposition
Nazi Germany
Fascist Italy
New Deal
Migration
Soft power
National identity
Fewer than five months before the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, the world was invited to New York City to celebrate the opening of the final international exposition of the interwar period. Touted by Fair organizers as the ‘last best chance for peace,’ the 1939 New York World’s Fair offered foreign governments the opportunity to express alternative, and sometimes competing, world views alongside one another in national pavilions and exhibit halls built on reclaimed wasteland in the outer borough of Queens. While most historians continue to disregard the interwar expositions held within the United States as sites of mere amusement, obfuscation, or commercial exchange, this thesis argues that the 1939 World’s Fair can be best understood in terms of statecraft. It reads this international forum as a site of significant geopolitical negotiation and maintains particular focus on the participation of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany in order to better understand the role of, and response to, each regime’s self-stylization as global power within the post-Wilsonian order. It also assesses the overtures made to the ethnic Italian and German populations living in the greater New York City area and, in this way, takes something of a composite approach by engaging directly with scholarship from a variety of fields, methodologies, and historical traditions. Proceeding with the understanding of exposition planning, organization, and design as a critical intermediary between official diplomatic efforts and everyday people, this project relies on architectural sketches, blueprints, development plans and budgets, as well as correspondence between designers and state officials as a way to understand the politically-inflected organization of space that shaped the average fairgoer’s interaction with the representation of Fascist Italian and Nazi German interests within the United States. Beyond the official record left by diplomatic and consular officials, this project contributes analysis of previously overlooked primary source material. For example, letters from fairgoers, private photographic collections, and official reports help make sense of the effect national pavilions, exhibits, restaurants and other forms of cultural diplomacy had on local populations and visitors alike. This study relies on the holdings of more than a dozen different archives across five different countries and, like the event it covers, is dedicated to challenging current historical understandings of diplomatic boundaries and cultural borders.
2024-06-13
2024-01-31T16:38:57Z
2024-01-31T16:38:57Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/29122
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/719
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2029-01-26
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 26 January 2029
application/pdf
application/msword
236
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/267342023-01-19T10:34:02Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The typewriter trade in Scotland, from the 1870s to 1920s
Inglis, James David
Fyfe, Aileen
Alberti, Samuel J. M. M.
Petrie, Malcolm Robert
Taubman, Alison
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
National Museums of Scotland
University of St Andrews
Typewriter
Scotland
Retail
Typing
Commercial education
Technology
Office
Women's employment
19th century
20th century
Exhibitions
Shorthand
This thesis explores the typewriter trade in Scotland from the 1870s to the 1920s. It analyses the businesses and individuals involved in the marketing, sale and use of writing machines, revealing the processes by which typewriters went from little known novelties in the mid-1870s to essential technologies for commercial and professional work by the early twentieth century. Alongside conventional archival and print-based sources, this thesis makes use of typewriters held at National Museums Scotland and the Glasgow Museum Resource Centre. These collections shed light on the leading figures in Scotland’s typewriter trade, while strengthening our understanding of the reasons why typewriters were designed, advertised, sold and used in the way that they were.
Throughout the variety and diversity of businesses involved in the commercialisation of typewriters is revealed, demonstrating that in addition to the buying and selling of writing machines, Scottish businesses profited from producing typewritten transcriptions on demand; providing typing tuition; selling typewriter supplies; repairing typewriters; and dealing in second-hand machines. The focus on these customer facing businesses constitutes an entirely fresh approach to the history of typewriters. To date, scholars interested in the historical significance of these technologies have concentrated on either manufacturing and technical developments or on the expansion of typing as an area of employment. However, there has been hardly any analysis of the businesses that mediated between manufacturers on the one side and users on the other, in Scotland or anywhere else. The lacuna in the historiography has implied that the businesses which sold typewriters and typewriter services played a trivial role in commercialisation.
In reality, the businessmen and women in Scotland’s trade were active agents in the sale and promotion of typewriters. Through advertising, exhibitions, lectures, canvassing, typing classes, sales and a whole host of other promotional methods, they introduced typewriters to the Scottish public and demonstrated the potential that these devices had for streamlining office work and transforming the production of written documentation.
"Regarding funding, I am extremely grateful to the Arts & Humanities Research Council which
has funded this project through the excellent Collaborative Doctoral Partnership scheme
(grant number AH/R002711). In addition, the University of St Andrews and National
Museums Scotland have also made significant financial contributions to the project,
including valuable funding extensions in the wake of the Covid pandemic." -- Acknowledgements
2023-06-15
2023-01-11T15:29:53Z
2023-01-11T15:29:53Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/26734
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/244
AH/R002711
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
application/pdf
application/msword
340 p.
The University of St Andrews
National Museums Scotland
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/146482019-08-05T10:54:25Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Christian and Marxian conceptions of history in the twentieth century : an evaluation of certain twentieth century interpretations of the Marxian conception of history
Anderson, Walter Wallace
Dickie, E. P. (Edgar Primrose)
HX536.A6
Socialism and Christianity
1965
2018-06-27T08:15:44Z
2018-06-27T08:15:44Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14648
en
application/pdf
2 v. [x, 238, 542 p.]
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/19142019-03-29T16:09:06Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Family, ambition and service : the French nobility and the emergence of the standing army, c. 1598-1635
Thomas, Daniel
Rowlands, Guy
Walsby, Malcolm
France
War
Nobility
Army
Louis XIII
Henri IV
Early modern
Wars of religion
Constable
Colonel General
French
Military
Private interest
Family
Venality
Regiment
Vieux regiments
Petits-vieux regiments
HT653.T5
Nobility--France--History--17th century
France. Armée--History--17th century
France--History, Military--17th century
Standing army
This thesis will contend that a permanent body of military force under royal command, a ‘standing army’, arose during the first three decades of the seventeenth century in France. Such a development constituted a transformation in the nature of the monarchy’s armed forces. It was achieved by encouraging elements of the French nobility to become long-term office-holders within royal military institutions. Those members of the nobility who joined the standing army were not coerced into doing so by the crown, but joined the new body of force because it provided them with a means of achieving one of the fundamental ambitions of the French nobility: social advancement for their family.The first four chapters of this thesis thus look at how the standing army emerged via the entrenchment of a system of permanent infantry regiments within France. They look at how certain families, particularly from the lower and middling nobility, attempted to monopolise offices within the regiments due to the social benefits they conferred. Some of the consequences that arose from the army becoming an institution in which ‘careers’ could be pursued, such as promotion and venality, will be examined, as will how elements of the the nobility were vital to the expansion of the standing army beyond its initial core of units. Chapters Five and Six will investigate how the emergence of this new type of force affected the most powerful noblemen of the realm, the grands. In particular, it will focus on those grands who held the prestigious supra-regimental military offices of Constable and Colonel General of the Infantry. The thesis concludes that the emergence of the standing army helped to alter considerably the relationship between the monarchy and the nobility by the end of the period in question. A more monarchy-centred army and state had begun to emerge in France by the late 1620s; a polity which might be dubbed the early ‘absolute monarchy’. However, such a state of affairs had only arisen due to the considerable concessions that the monarchy had made to the ambitions of certain elements of the nobility.
2011-06
2011-07-14T11:01:09Z
2011-07-14T11:01:09Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1914
en
application/pdf
285
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/203622021-07-29T13:35:29Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The devotion of collecting : ministers and the culture of print in the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic
Strickland, Forrest
Pettegree, Andrew
Vera Gottschalk-Frank Stichting
Dutch Golden Age
Seventeenth century Dutch Republic
Libraries
Ministers and books
Print
Z987.5N4S8
Book collecting--Netherlands--History
Clergy--Netherlands--History--17th century
Early printed books--Netherlands--Bibliography
Literature and society--Netherlands--History--17th century
Netherlands--Intellectual life--17th century
This project is the first to analyze the known corpus of seventeenth-century Dutch ministerial library catalogues, and it asks how these sources inform our understanding of the religious and cultural climate during the Dutch Golden Age. Thousands of ministers served local congregations in the Netherlands. They considered books and pamphlets necessary for a godly life, and they were avid collectors of print. Over 240 catalogues of ministerial libraries survive from the seventeenth century, all of which have been examined for this study. Fifty-five have been transcribed in full. Libraries of a hundred or more books were not uncommon even amongst ministers in small rural townships. Some ministerial libraries reached to multiple thousands of books. Their calling demanded that they pursue greater understanding of the Bible, and they used their books in the pursuit of truth. The ideal minister was one who was diligent in private study as an act of service to the church and the nation.
How did Protestant Dutch ministers use print in their efforts to bring the Republic into greater conformity with the biblical ideal? Ministers were central political and cultural figures in their communities, and they turned to books and print for the fulfillment of their pastoral charge. Knowledge of the books these ministers read sheds light on the history of the Netherlands, because it indicates the expectations placed upon them by their congregations and by their colleagues. Professors of theology, regional synods and even local congregations expected their ministers would continue to grow in knowledge and wisdom through the acquisition of books, and ministers in turn took the information they gathered from their libraries and sought to encourage greater godliness in all who would listen to their sermons or read their own printed texts. Protestant ministers worked under two primary assumptions: that Scripture was the final authority of faith and life, and that the Christian faith was an all-encompassing worldview. These assumptions induced many ministers to read books of nearly every variety, from those with whom they agreed and disagreed, and on all manner of topics. Because of their understanding that print was a powerful tool in the life of the godly, ministers devoted precious time and money to acquiring and writing books. They built libraries and they wrote books to fulfill their divine calling to guard the faith as it was entrusted to them and to encourage others in sound doctrine.
"This fellowship [at Leiden University Library] was graciously funded by the Vera-Gottschalk Foundation." -- Acknowledgements
2020-07-30
2020-07-29T12:24:59Z
2020-07-29T12:24:59Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20362
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-20362
en
2025-05-28
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 28th May 2025
x, 242, [15] p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29622019-03-29T16:09:06Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Hatred in print : aspects of anti-Protestant polemic in the French Wars of Religion
Racaut, Luc
Pettegree, Andrew
DC111.3R2
France--History--Wars of the Huguenots, 1562-1598
The medium of printing has been persistently associated with Protestantism. As a
result, a large body of French Catholic anti-Protestant material was to a large extent
ignored. In contrast with Germany, there is evidence to suggest that French authors
used printing effectively and aggressively to promote the Catholic cause. During the
French Wars of Religion, French Catholics were far more innovative than they were
given credit for: the German paradigm of a leaden-footed Catholic response to the
Reformation was inappropriately applied to France. This is ironic given that it was
the Catholic cause which ultimately prevailed. In seeking to explain why France
remained a Catholic country, the French Catholic response must be taken into
account. Catholic polemical works, and their portrayal of Protestants in print in
particular, is the central focus of this work.
The first chapter is devoted to a historiographical discussion of the problem of
violence in the French Wars of Religion. The next two chapters are concerned with
the comparison between Protestantism and medieval heresies, and particularly the
recourse in polemic to the topos of the Albigensian Crusade. The next chapter
addresses the use of cultural archetypes such as 'the world turned upside down' and
the reversal of gender roles to deride the impact of the Reformation. The last two
chapters are an attempt to assess the impact of the Catholic polemic on the Protestant
culture and identity and on the emerging public opinion.
Rather than confront the Reformation on its own terms, the Catholic reaction
concentrated on discrediting the Protestant cause in the eyes of the Catholic majority.
They had a considerable impact on their readership and on an illiterate audience
(through the interaction between written and oral), and on the French Protestants'
own self-perception and identity. This thesis aims to contribute to the ongoing debate
over the nature of the French Wars of Religion, to explain why they were so violent
and why they engaged the loyalties of such a large portion of the population. This
study also provides an example of the successful defence of Catholicism developed
independently and in advance of Tridentine reform which is of wider significance for
the history of the Reformation in Europe.
1999
2012-07-10T12:53:54Z
2012-07-10T12:53:54Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2962
en
application/pdf
275 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/175052019-07-12T10:54:45Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Title redacted
Liston-Kitzinger, Sara C.
Allan, David
H.B. Earhart Foundation
Intercollegiate Studies Institute Western Civilization Fellowship
DA356.L5
2018
2019-04-11T15:56:40Z
2019-04-11T15:56:40Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17505
en
2022-09-26
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Electronic copy restricted until 26th September 2022
[8], 213 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/217832021-04-07T10:00:24Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Out for a walk : pedestrian practices & British preservationism, c.1850 - 1950
Hinrichs, J. E.
Clark, J. F. M. (John F. M.)
Walking
Environmental history
Preservationism
Britain
England
Scotland
Footpaths
Rights of way
Area access
Nineteenth century
Twentieth century
This thesis evaluates the connections between rural walking, modernity, and
preservationism in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Britain. During this period, the
expressed practices of rural walking were overt responses to change. Adherents of rural walking
used this bipedal gesture to limit the latitude of efficiency, espouse collectivism, remedy
prevailing illnesses, participate in modern applications of empiricism, and overcome
contemporary spiritual challenges. They also indicated that engagement with undeveloped areas
was fundamental to the benefits and functions of walking. Due to this interconnection of
walking with a particular type of environment, the reasons why walkers walked fortified
justifications for preserving rural environments. Although walking is an activity that has long
been used to engage the natural world, its ubiquity as an everyday movement of the body has
resulted in its under-representation in historical inquiry. This intellectual-environmental history
demonstrates that much can be discovered about human relationships with rural environments,
and efforts to preserve them, by evaluating walking historically.
2020-12-02
2021-04-07T09:46:06Z
2021-04-07T09:46:06Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21783
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/55
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2025-11-12
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 12th November 2025
vi, 225 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/36532022-11-09T09:55:39Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
England, the English and the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)
Marks, Adam
Murdoch, Steve
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
Burnwynd Trust
James and Eliza Drummond Studentship
D271.G7M2
Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648--Participation, English
Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648--Campaigns
Great Britain--History--Early Stuarts, 1603-1649
Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648--Influence
This thesis explores the role of England and the English during the Thirty Years’ War
(1618-1648), and provides the first major study of the between 50,000 and 60,000
Englishmen who fought for the ‘Protestant cause’ within the armies of countries such as
the Dutch Republic, Denmark and Sweden. These findings provide an alternative
perspective on a number of widely accepted theories, such as the demise of English
military power throughout the period and the failure of the Stuart monarchs to engage
within continental warfare. The actions of the English abroad openly contributed not
only to crucial European events, such as during the struggle to hold the Palatinate
(1620-1623) and at the sieges of Maastricht (1632) and Breda (1637) but also to
domestic events such as the breakdown of relations between the Crown and Parliament.
By making extensive use of continental archives to analyse the role of the English
abroad, this thesis provides a new perspective on not only events in Europe but also events within the borders of Stuart Britain. Through an analysis of the networks and motivations that linked these men, it challenges any idea these they were unimportant or simply mercenary by showing they were, in fact, an active part of Stuart policy while also actually fighting for a host of individual motivations. Explaining the role of these men during the breakdown of Stuart government in the late 1630s and 1640s illustrates the considerable influence this body of men had on their homeland. The thesis not only contributes to English historiography but also allows the existent work on Scotland and Ireland by historians such as Steve Murdoch, Alexia Grosjean, David Worthington and Robert Stradling to be placed within a wider British context. It also provides a contribution to the beginnings of a wider analysis of the English abroad during the early
modern period, which has been sorely under-researched.
2012
2013-06-10T13:38:44Z
2013-06-10T13:38:44Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3653
en
23-10-30
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Electronic copy restricted until 30th October 2023
250 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/270632023-11-30T03:05:44Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Political engagement and popular print in Spanish Naples (1503-1707)
Incollingo, Laura
Pettegree, Andrew
University of St Andrews. School of History
University of St Andrews. Universal Short Title Catalogue (USTC)
Spanish Naples
Popular print
Southern Italy
Italian newspapers
Political history
Counter-Reformation studies
Early modern Italy
This dissertation presents an exploration of the printing industry of Naples during the Spanish Viceroyalty (1503-1707). In particular, the focus will be on popular print and its role in building a relationship between the people of Naples and the Spanish authorities and how this particular type of publication was used to shape public opinion in Naples.
The goal is to examine what was published in Naples, what Neapolitan people read or were exposed to and how this literary production contributed to the construction of a politically-informed population. To look at this dynamic relationship, I used archival sources and manuscripts to shed light on all the activities related to printers, the printing business and readers, such as procedures for buying and selling prohibited books. I also examined concessions for printing certain works, who were the appointed printers for civic offices as well as pamphlets and broadsheets found in libraries and which of the books that caused concern were imported rather than printed locally.
The assertion behind this project is that, contrary to popular belief, Naples was indeed a city with a vibrant printing industry and that the Spanish authorities were the first to use this industry to shape and mould public opinion in their favour. In order to demonstrate this, I have highlighted several examples of the ways in which the Spanish authorities used the printed word, particularly in the form of popular print, to build a relationship with their Neapolitan subjects. This dissertation examines the world of ephemeral print in Naples as a whole, with chapters dedicated to particular case studies such as what was printed during the Vesuvius eruption of 1631, Masaniello’s rebellion in 1647 and the plague of 1656. The focus will also be on how the religious authorities used ephemeral print for furthering their own agenda and on how the power balance between the Roman Church and the Spanish government affected Neapolitan people and the printing industry.
"I am grateful for the generous funding of the University of St Andrews School of History and the Universal Short Title Catalogue project, whose support fully funded my thesis."--Acknowledgements
2023-06-15
2023-02-27T09:35:54Z
2023-02-27T09:35:54Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/27063
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/304
en
2028-02-20
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Restricted until 20th February 2028
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190
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/219372022-02-23T15:51:38Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
The role of internal and external capital in the economic development of Nigeria
Shields, Brian
DT515.S5
Nigeria--Economic conditions.
Nigeria--History--1960-
Nigeria--History--1900-1960.
The purpose of this study is to consider the sources and methods of financing economic growth available to a low income country as exemplified by the experience of Nigeria in the period since the second World War. During this period, virtually every country in the world has been preoccupied with the problems of economic growth, either in order to facilitate post war reconstruction or as a means of raising living standards in wretchedly poor territories. In the last decade, international attention has been attracted more and more to the attempts of the so-called underdeveloped countries to attain some measure of sustained economic growth. Similarly, academic debate on the problems of growth has centred mainly around the problems of creating an economic revolution in the economically backward areas of the world. It is of interest, therefore, to examine the problems of growth facing a particular low income territory and to consider the methods which may be adopted in order to solve those problems. This study will concentrate on the problems of capital supply and formation in Nigeria, although of necessity other factors will have to be examined so that the problem of financing economic development may be seen in its proper context. The work for this thesis was made possible by the grant of a Goldsmiths' Company scholarship for one year's residential study (during the academic year 1958 - 59) at University College, Ibadan. I am deeply grateful to the Company for the opportunity to do research at Ibadan and also take part in student life there. Since June 1959, I have been employed as an administrative officer in Eastern Nigeria.
1962
2021-04-08T08:59:30Z
2021-04-08T08:59:30Z
Thesis
Doctoral
BPhil Bachelor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21937
en
application/pdf
187 p
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/20822019-03-29T16:09:07Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Martin Broszat, Saul Friedländer and the historicisation of the Third Reich
Rondags, Daniël
Bavaj, Riccardo
Martin Broszat
Saul Friedländer
Historicisation
Historicization
Third Reich
World War II
Historiography
Intellectual biography
DD256.48R76
Germany--History--1933-1945--Historiography
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Historiography
Broszat, Martin
Friedländer, Saul, 1932-
In 1987, Martin Broszat (1926-1989) and Saul Friedländer (born 1932) debated the concept of “historicisation” in an exchange of letters. These letters were first published in the German premier journal Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte (Quarterly for Contemporary History) and were eventually reproduced in other publications and translated into English. Today, the exchange between Broszat and Friedländer is viewed as one of the classic controversies in the historiography of the Third Reich and the Holocaust and is occasionally referred to as the “historicisation debate.”
This thesis offers a historiographical analysis of the works of both Martin Broszat and Saul Friedländer. The central aim of this thesis is to identify, contextualise and examine the major themes of the historicisation debate. The first chapter provides an introduction to, and a close reading of, the letter exchange and further identifies the three major themes that structure the following three chapters: identity; history, memory and narrative construction; and the centrality of the Holocaust in the Nazi past. Each of these three chapters is divided into two sections: the first half is devoted to Broszat, the second half to Friedländer. The conclusion offers a comparison between their historiographical positions.
2011-11-30
2011-12-02T15:58:33Z
2011-12-02T15:58:33Z
Thesis
Doctoral
MPhil Master of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2082
en
application/pdf
265
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/71012019-03-29T16:09:07Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Service not self : the British Legion, 1921-1939
Barr, Niall J.A.
De Groot, Gerard J.
DA578.B2
British Legion.
The organisation of ex-service men into a mass membership movement was a
new departure in British life. Four main groups came together in 1921 to form the
British Legion. On its establishment, the leadership, who were predominantly high-
ranking ex-officers, had high hopes of forming an extremely powerful and influential
organisation. Due to a number of inherent flaws in the Legion's ideology,
composition and character, the organisation never became a truly mass movement of
all ex-service men. This work looks at the dynamics of the movement and provides
insights into the motivations of its leaders and their impact upon the organisation. It
provides a detailed account of the structure of the Legion and explores the strengths
and weaknesses of the movement. The existence of a semi-autonomous Officer's
Benevolent Department, a subordinate Women's Section, and an independent Legion
in Scotland reveal the serious rifts within this superficially unified movement. The
paradox of low officer involvement combined with an almost exclusively officer
leadership contributed to low membership and other factors such as geography,
unemployment and finance are considered in the discussion of Legion membership.
Divisions between leaders and led on policy and methods are explored in an
examination of Legion democracy. A full examination of the Legion's practical work
and the attitudes which underpinned that activity confirms the Legion's position as a
voluntary society with traditional charitable views. A detailed examination of the
Legion's struggles over pension legislation gives an insight into Government attitudes
towards ex-service men and also reveals the inherent weakness of the Legion's
position when dealing with politicians. An analysis of the Legion's contacts with
foreign ex-service men penetrates the Legion's rhetoric and reveals the real
motivations and attitudes of the Legion leaders who developed and executed the
Legion's foreign policy. Ultimately, this study provides important conclusions about
the nature of the British ex-service movement.
1994
2015-08-03T10:39:13Z
2015-08-03T10:39:13Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
uk.bl.ethos.601500
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7101
en
application/pdf
277 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/239342021-09-10T10:30:30Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Rhetorics of asylum : a study on the public debate about asylum policy in Germany during the era of Chancellor Helmut Kohl, 1982-94
Eckner, Constantin Christoph
Bavaj, Riccardo
Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung
Germany. Bundesministerium für Bildung und Wissenschaft
German History Society (Great Britain)
Asylum
Asylum policy
Refugees
Germany
West Germany
Federal Republic of Germany
Helmut Kohl
This thesis provides the first thorough analysis of the so-called “asylum debate” (Asyldebatte) in Germany in the 1980s and early 1990s. The debate revolved around the subject of asylum policy and, in a broader sense, immigration into Germany in general. The study is bookended by two key events: the inauguration of Helmut Kohl as West Germany’s new Chancellor in 1982 and the 1993 decision by the Bundestag and Bundesrat to tighten the constitutional right to asylum through an amendment of Article 16 of the German Grundgesetz. This decision marked the first time in Germany’s post-war history that one of the 19 fundamental rights in the Grundgesetz was limited in its scope.
What exactly caused the asylum debate? What stoked its heated nature? And what factors led to the decision for a constitutional amendment? In answering these questions, this thesis offers a detailed study of the arguments and discursive strategies of prominent actors involved in the debate, including politicians and parties on the federal and local level, intellectuals, scholars, and journalists. It uses newspaper articles and editorials, the minutes of political meetings, electoral propaganda, party pamphlets, and a range of other sources to reconstruct how these actors pushed their respective agendas.
This thesis should be understood as a contribution to the history of migration in Germany and Europe and to the late modern political history of Germany. It proves how the debate about asylum policy was impacted by a fundamental disagreement among political actors over whether Germany was in fact a “country of immigration” (Einwanderungsland) and whether the immigration of refugees would have irreversible consequences for the social fabric and economic prospects of the Federal Republic.
2021-12-01
2021-09-10T10:14:31Z
2021-09-10T10:14:31Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23934
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/132
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2021-09-09
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 9th September 2026
251 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
School of History
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/82592021-03-17T15:03:41Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Louis XIV et le repos de l'Italie : French policy towards the duchies of Parma, Modena, and Mantua-Monferrato, 1659-1689
Condren, John
Rowlands, Guy
Diplomacy
Geopolitics
Small states
Louis XIV
Gallicanism
Hegemony
DC127.3C7
France--Foreign relations--1643-1715
Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
France--Foreign relations--Italy--Parma
France--Foreign relations--Italy--Modena
France--Foreign relations--Italy--Mantua
Parma (Italy)--Foreign relations--France
Modena (Italy)--Foreign relations--France
Mantua (Italy)--Foreign relations--France
Between 1659 and 1689, northern Italy was generally at peace, having endured almost three decades of continuous war from the 1620s. The Peace of the Pyrenees of November 1659, between the French and Spanish crowns, seemed to offer the young Louis XIV an opportunity to gradually subvert Spanish influence over the small princely families of the Po valley. The Houses of Farnese, Este, and Gonzaga-Nevers, respective rulers of Parma, Modena, and Mantua-Monferrato, had all been allies of France at various points in the Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659), but had gained scant reward for their willingness to jeopardise their own relationships with the king of Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor, despite the promises of material and diplomatic support which Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin had extended to them. As a consequence, they were reluctant to agree to again participate in alliances with France. This thesis examines how Louis XIV gradually came to lose the friendship of these three ruling families, through his arrogant disregard of their interests and their ambitions, and also by his contempt for their capabilities and usefulness. This disregard was frequently born out of the French monarch’s unwillingness to jeopardise or to undermine his own interests in Italy – in particular, the permanent retention of the fortress of Pinerolo, in Piedmont, as a porte onto the Po plain. But although the principi padani comprehended the reasons for Louis’s unwillingness to act as a benevolent patron, they resented his all-too-palpable distrust of them; his entrenched belief that they were unreliable; and his obvious love of war. The rulers and élites of the Italian states believed that Louis would undoubtedly seek, at some point in his reign, to attack Spain’s possessions in Italy, and dwelt in perpetual dread of that day. This thesis provides the account of French policy towards the small Italian states after 1659 which is still absent from the historiography of Louis XIV’s foreign policies.
2016-06
2016-02-18T11:52:54Z
2016-02-18T11:52:54Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8259
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
2024-02-09
Thesis restricted in accordance with University regulations. Print and electronic copy restricted until 9th February 2024
viii, 275 p.
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/4402019-07-01T10:19:34Zcom_10023_80com_10023_25col_10023_82
Secretaries, statesmen and spies : the clerks of the Tudor Privy Council, c.1540 - c.1603
Vaughan, Jacqueline D.
Hammer, Paul E.J.
JN378.V2
Great Britain. Privy Council--Biography
Great Britain--History--Tudors, 1485-1603--Biography
Great Britain--Politics and government--1485-1603
This dissertation studies the office of the clerk of the Privy Council, including discussions of the office itself, and the nineteen men who held that office between its creation, in 1540, and 1603. The dual focus on the office and officers aims to provide greater understanding of both. Areas of study include the personal and professional backgrounds of the clerks, their careers, writings both political and personal, additional offices held and both social and financial concerns. This covers areas as diverse as knighthoods, land grants, election to the House of Commons, political treatises and university education. Additionally, the duties of the office, both standard and extraordinary, are discussed, as well as details regarding the creation and handling of the clerk’s primary concern, the Privy Council register. This includes details regarding signatures, meetings with ambassadors, examination of prisoners, Council meetings, salaries and fees, and attendance rotation. Ties between the clerks and clerkship and the Privy Council and its members are discussed throughout, as well as the role of patronage, education, foreign experience and personal motives. This study aims to provide a greater understanding of the clerks of the Privy Council and their office, knowing that one cannot be fully understood without the other.
2007
2008-03-07T09:54:49Z
2008-03-07T09:54:49Z
Thesis
Doctoral
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/440
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
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iii, 217
University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews
oai_dc///col_10023_82/100