2024-03-29T13:14:01Zhttps://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/oai/requestoai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29262019-03-29T16:07:03Zcom_10023_1946com_10023_29com_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_1948col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Burton, John
author
Husayn, 'Ala al-Din Ahmad
2012-07-04T14:42:42Z
2012-07-04T14:42:42Z
1984
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2926
This thesis, to the best of our knowledge, is the first attempt to
apply semantics to the translation of pre-Islamic poetry. But this is a
thorny path. This poetry is some of the most ambiguous, confusing,
disorganized and perfunctorily investigated in the whole of Arabic
literature. The Mucallaga of Imru'al-Qays, our subject of study, the
crowning achievement of this poetry, is in an even worse case. The
principal problem which confronts the researcher as well as the
translator is the usual one of how best to bridge the cultural gulf of
both time and place, to set this Mucallaga in its cultural context so
as to understand its theme, and achieve the same communicative effect
of the text in translation. Commentaries and lexicons are of. little
help here, because their main interest is the denotation of single
words of this Mucallaga rather than in its organic unity. The setting
of this Mucallaga in its Semitic literary context would cast some light
on its essential theme and hence open new horizons for further comprehensive
research in this field. This is the task we embarked upon in
Chapter 1.
Confronted with fifteen main commentaries, and two English translations
of this Mucallaga, we have resorted to the current semantic
theories in the hope that in one of them we would find a happy solution
to the problem of translating these commentaries, or at'least help in
organizing them systematically. Much to our dismay, however, the bulky
literature on this subject bequeathed to us a welter of controversial
theories, perhaps because semantics is quite a new branch of linguistics.
These contradictory theories have been presented to demonstrate the
difficulty of adopting any one particular semantic theory. Nonetheless,
certain structural semantic relationships have been found to be of
highly significant application.
This, and particularly the structural semantic-relationships as
well as their employment throughout this thesis have been discussed in
Chapter II.
A theory of translation necessarily overlaps with a theory of
semantics. Chapter II made it clear that the help we might have
expected from semantics is but a pipe-dream. Instead of bemoaning,
philological, linguistic and socio-linguistic approaches to the theory
and practice of translation have been suggested. In Chapter III these
approaches have been demonstrated and applied to the translations of
(J. ) and (A. ) who, owing to the ambiguity of the text, have resorted to
the commentaries - appendices of which have been attached.
It has been concluded that the full translation of this Mucallaqa
is almost impossible because of the myriad phonological, semantic and
cultural problems. However, it has been argued that the development of
a more comprehensive semantic theory upon which an eclectic theory of
translation could depend, and a more profound and accurate investigation
of the essential theme of this Mucallaga would get rid of a lot of the
problems of research and translation.
en
The application of semantics to the translation of pre-Islamic poetry: with special reference to the 'Mu'allaqa' of Imru al-Qays
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2926/3/%27Alaal-DinAhmadHusaynPhDThesis.pdf
File
MD5
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'Alaal-DinAhmadHusaynPhDThesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2926/4/%27Alaal-DinAhmadHusaynPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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'Alaal-DinAhmadHusaynPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/152972019-03-29T16:07:09Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Buchanan, Andrew S.
sponsor
St Andrews University Access Fund
sponsor
Aberdeen Endowments Fund
sponsor
Sutherland Page Trust
sponsor
Royal Bank of Scotland
sponsor
Bank of Scotland
sponsor
Fiona Risk
sponsor
Buchanan Society
2018-07-12T10:25:24Z
2018-07-12T10:25:24Z
1998
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15297
This work evaluates the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (DoP), the document signed between the State of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO), in Washington D.C. on 13 September 1993, as a case study of the bilateral management of an asymmetrical national-subnational conflict within the context of an international conflict resolution framework. The DoP represents progress in the international endeavour to realise a settlement of the wider Arab-lsraeli conflict, as signalled by the Madrid conference of 31 October 1991. The DoP ushered in a new era in Israeli-Palestinian relations. It is part of a process which, in essence, is the cornerstone of a formal mutual recognition pact which represents a reciprocal acknowledgement of legitimacy, a crucial first step towards finding a broad and permanent settlement. The DoP was only possible due to the abandonment of long-held mutually antagonistic and intransigent positions. Like all political documents, it represents a compromise. This study examines the complex nature and dynamics of the attempts at resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and reviews the DoP to investigate how it transpired, what it means, how it will be implemented, how far it can be used as a blueprint for future peacemaking, and offers an analysis of the findings in conclusion. This study also addresses the wider international ramifications and relationships which will be a prerequisite for the evaluation and analysis of the corresponding policies and responses by the major powers and actors from the international community within the framework of the 1991 Madrid Middle East Peace Conference. Chapter one examines the definition and contextualisation of the conflict resolution case study. Chapter two focuses on the establishment, purpose and development of the DoP, incorporating a thorough examination of the development of the secret Oslo backchannel, concluding with an analysis of the Oslo negotiations within the official Madrid framework as an example of conflict resolution. Chapter three provides an analysis of the DoP as an example of conflict resolution and critiques the meaning and purpose of the document. Chapter four provides an analysis of the implementation process of the initial years of the life of the DoP, incorporating the actual implementation of the DoP to 31st August 1997, including: the Agreement on the Gaza Strip and Jericho Area of May 1994; the World Bank aid programme; influential bilateral agreements by the two with third parties; the Agreement on Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities of August 1994; the Protocol on Further Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities of August 1995; the Israeli- Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip of September 1995; and the Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron of January 1997. The final chapter concludes by evaluating the attempt by the two communities to shape a common future with an analysis in determining the effectiveness of the DoP both as an instrument for, and as an example of, conflict resolution.
en
Conflict resolution in the Middle East : the Israeli-Palestinian declaration of principles on interim self-government arrangements - a history
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/15297/2/AndrewSBuchananPhDThesis.pdf
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AndrewSBuchananPhDThesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/15297/3/AndrewSBuchananPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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AndrewSBuchananPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29442019-03-29T16:07:10Zcom_10023_1946com_10023_29com_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_1948col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Kennedy, Hugh (Hugh N.)
author
El-Sakkout, Ihab Hamdi
2012-07-09T09:53:00Z
2012-07-09T09:53:00Z
1994
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2944
This dissertation
aims
to formulate
a view of
Arabian tribalism in the
pre-
Islamic
period and
its development in Islamic times.
The first
part assesses
the historical
usability of
the literary
source
material of
the Jahiliya. The focus is
on oral
historical traditions
-
the
ayyam al-
carab. These
are
found to have
remained
textually fluid
until
the time
of
their
recording.
This fluidity
may
have
affected style and
form but did
not
substantially affect certain
historical
elements.
The
more
inter-tribal
and
less
local the
account was,
the
more reliable
it is likely to be historically. A
sample
comparison
between tribal hostility
and
tribal distribution
showed
that the
accounts seem
to be highly
consistent.
The
second part of
the thesis is
concerned
firstly
with establishing a
Jahili
profile
for two tribal
groups; secondly with
tracing the
affairs of
their
descendants into the Umayyad
period.
The tribal
groups of
Taghlib
and
Ghatafan
were picked
for
examination.
Both
were strong cohesive groups
in the
pre-Islamic period.
In Islamic times, Taghlibis lose importance
since
they
opted
to
remain
Christian, thus, Taghlibis
are virtually
impossible to trace. Ghatafanis
did join Islam
on a
far
greater scale and are often mentioned
in the Islamic
period.
After the
second civil war
Ghatafanis
are only ever mentioned as
individuals. Close kin
continued
to
cooperate
but
cooperation above
this level
was
only conducted within
the Qaysi faction.
The third
part
discusses
changes
in the tribal
system.
A
review of
the
functions
of modern
tribal
genealogies
illuminates the
process
by
which
genealogies can change
in
order
to
reflect changing realities.
Early Arabic
genealogies are clearly seen
to be
also naturally
dynamic
and
the
subject of
deliberate
change.
New links
reflected new realities, particularly
the
political
alliances
forged
under
the Umayyads. A belief in
a single progenitor
led to
a
move
towards
creating genealogical
links to
one ancestor, while
the
conditions of
the
conquests
let to
a regionalization of
tribalism. The
professionalization of
the
Marwanid
army enabled cross-regional
tribal
co-operation which resulted
in
dividing in two the Umayyad
army and
Arab
genealogies.
en
The Arab tribes from Jāhilīya to Islām : sources and historical trends
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2944/3/IhabHamdiEl-SakkoutPhDThesis.pdf
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IhabHamdiEl-SakkoutPhDThesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2944/4/IhabHamdiEl-SakkoutPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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IhabHamdiEl-SakkoutPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/155332019-03-29T16:07:11Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Whiten, Andrew
author
Ayvalioglu, Namik
sponsor
Turkey. Ministry of Education
2018-07-18T12:40:57Z
2018-07-18T12:40:57Z
1981
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15533
The present research evaluated the generality of urban social behaviour findings in a new cultural setting - in Turkey. The nature of four types of social behaviour was examined. A field study was carried out in Turkey in order to compare the level of helpfulness shown towards strangers in towns, cities and squatter settlements within the city, while a survey study examined the nature of various aspects of kin, friends' and neighbours' social, behaviours across these Turkish environments. The results showed differences in social behaviour between the two environments depending on the type of relationship involved. First, urban residents held less trusting and helping attitudes and were significantly less helpful towards strangers requiring assistance. Second, social relationships between neighbours were also significantly less frequent amongst urban residents. The degree of social behaviour occurring between kin and friends did not differ between the two environments, although certain aspects of kin and friendship in the city were different: kin members in the city were found to be geographically dispersed, and friends of urban residents were drawn from a larger social pool. These results from Turkey suggest that urban social behaviour relationships may indeed be a general phenomenon. These results offer a perspective from which to evaluate the nature of the impact of urban living: urban living influences only the social relationships of a less important, less familiar and intimate nature; in other words, relatively situationally dependent kinds of behaviours are affected by urban living. Examination of social behaviour within the Turkish city environments showed the existence of local environments which differed considerably in their social behaviour. Most interesting in this regard are the squatter settlements of Turkish cities whose residents showed attitudes and a level of pro-social behaviour equal to that found in towns and significantly greater than that found amongst the rest of the city residents. This supports the view that the city squatters may be in a psychological and social sense "urban villagers". Consistent and considerable differences in social behaviour were also found between other types of city districts. Some of these districts came close to the towns and squatter settlements in their levels of pro-social behaviour, suggesting, first, that the city environments are not homogeneous in terms of social behaviour and there is a complex interplay between a multitude of influential factors, so urbanisation alone is not an explanation of social behaviour; second, drawing distinctions between environments in terms of their behavioural characteristics is best done with the concept of a social-environmental continuum rather than an urban/non-urban dichotomy. Altogether, the present research suggests that the overall urban environment influences only certain kinds of pro-social behaviours which are more situationally dependent such as those involving strangers and neighbours. This influence does not occur in a homogeneous way, but is mediated by social characteristics of environments and residents. Environmental input level was, overall, found to influence the level of helpfulness: the higher the environmental input level, the lower the level of helpfulness for female subjects but not for male subjects in Turkey. Analysis of the input level across environments studied did not always correspond to the observed level of helpfulness in these environments. It was argued that the input level, as suggested by Milgram (1970), is not the only explanation for social behaviour; there must be other variables mediating this effect, ie socio-cultural factors. As an additional concern, the present study investigated sex differences in helpfulness. There were sex differences in helping toward strangers in Turkey: males were significantly more helpful than females towards strangers in helping contexts (free from high cost, threat, and required no masculine orientation) that the earlier researches reported no sex differences'. This showed empirically the influence of the culture on sex roles in Turkey. Finally, a theoretical question; the nature of the relationship between the source of help and the type of helpfulness was evaluated empirically. An association was found between the type of helping act and the source of help an individual sought: costly types of assistance were associated with kin, friends were a source of help for assistance requiring intimacy, while neighbours were associated negatively with cost and intimacy in assistance.
en
Helpfulness in cities and towns : the relationship between urbanization and social behaviour in Turkey
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/15533/2/NamikAyvaliogluPhDThesis.pdf
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NamikAyvaliogluPhDThesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/15533/3/NamikAyvaliogluPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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NamikAyvaliogluPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/64212019-03-29T16:07:12Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Burton, John
author
Bakar, Mohd Daud
2015-04-01T15:47:23Z
2015-04-01T15:47:23Z
1993-11
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6421
Islamic law never achieved unity but expressed itself in, at least, four surviving schools. More interestingly, contemporary Muslim communities are still divided among themselves on a number of issues related to their laws. This work describes how problem of legal conflicts have been tackled by Muslim jurists. It is an attempt to examine closely the phenomenon of conflict in Islamic law from the standpoint of usūl-al-fiqh or Islamic legal theory. In fact, much is heard nowadays of the contradiction in the body of Islamic law. Whilst in contrast, little is presented in terms of the methodology of removing this conflict. The present work therefore, attempts to redress this balance. The emphasis of the work will be concerned primarily with tarjīh methodology ; how to give preference to one piece of evidence or argument over the other when they conflict. Nevertheless, considerable concern is given to investigating the background to the conflict of law in the Shari'ah.
This study of a neglected area in Islamic legal scholarship will be an important source of reference to students, both practising and theoretical jurists or to anyone who merely wishes to increase his knowledge of legal themes, particularly legal conflict. The very aim of the work is to argue that conflict is a natural and unavoidable consequence of legal study because legal conflict is only conflicting principles and arguments adduced by both the classical and modern jurists to reach what is actually intended by God in the target case. Therefore, conflicts are inevitable in most of the cases in fiqh owing to the variety of principles set out to deal with one piece of legal evidence, let alone with all the pieces of legal evidence in question.
Tarjīh is therefore, an important and workable instrument in the re-examination of these conflicts and in arriving at the most accurate principle for establishing the law for as long as this is possible. It is hoped that the discovery of new facts and the increase of knowledge which results from the broadening and deepening of the research will positively contribute to the process of unification of Islamic law.
en
Conflict of law and the methodology of Tarjīẖ : a study in Islamic legal theory
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/6421/3/MohdDaudBakarPhdThesis.pdf
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/6421/4/MohdDaudBakarPhdThesis.pdf.txt
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MohdDaudBakarPhdThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29372019-03-29T16:07:13Zcom_10023_1946com_10023_29com_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_1948col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Jackson, David
author
Al-Zanki, Jamal M. H. A.
2012-07-06T14:45:46Z
2012-07-06T14:45:46Z
1990
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2937
This study "The Emirate of Damascus During the Early
Crusading Period 488-549/1095-1154 deals with this
Emirate which was established in 488/1095, after the
defeat and the murder of Taj al-Dawla Tutush near Rayy
in 488/1095 by his nephew Sultan Berkiyaruq Ibn Sult-an
Malik-Sh5h. The dominions of Ti al-Dawla, mainly in
Syria and the Jazira divided between his elder sons King
Fakhr al-Mullik Ridwan in Aleppo and King Shams al-Muliik
Ducfaq in Damascus. The Kingdom of Damascus comprized
south Syria and some parts of the Jazira such as al-
Rahba and Mayyafäriqin.
Zahir al-Din Tughtekln, who was Atabek of King Duclaq, became the de facto ruler of Damascus during the
reign of King Duqaq 488-497/1095-1104. After the death
of Duqaq, Tughtekin was to be the real Amir of Damascus,
and his dynasty was to gain control of the Emirate until
its fall at the hands of Niir al-Din Mahmild of Aleppo in
549/1154.
In this thesis, the following matters are discussed:
1. The conditions which led to the foundation of this
Emirate.
2. The role of Tughtekin in establishing his authority
in the Emirate.
3. The foreign policy of the Emirate, and the factors
which shaped this policy.
4. The effects (on the Emirate) of the coming of the
Crusaders particularly those of Jerusalem.
S. Internal rivalries in the Emirate, and their
influence on the stability of the Emirate and its
external relations.
6. The policy of alliances adopted by the Emirate and
the factors which affected this.
7. The influence of the growing power of Zangi of
Aleppo and Mosul (521-541/1127-1146) on Damascus and
why he did not succeed in annexing Damascus to his
united front in Syria and the Jazira aimed at
challenging the power of the Crusaders.
8. The reasons which helped Mir al-Din Mahmüd Ibn Zangi
of Aleppo to annex Damascus to his state in
549/1154.
9. The importance of the military power of Damascus and
Its role in protecting the Emirate.
Finally a concluding section sums up the achievement
of the Emirate of Damascus in maintaining its
Independence during the period and the role of the
Emirate in the Counter-Crusade.
en
The Emirate of Damascus in the early Crusading period, 488-549/1095-1154
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2937/3/JamalMHAAl-ZankiPhDThesis.pdf
File
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JamalMHAAl-ZankiPhDThesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2937/4/JamalMHAAl-ZankiPhDThesis.pdf.txt
File
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JamalMHAAl-ZankiPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27172019-07-01T10:18:51Zcom_10023_1946com_10023_29com_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_1948col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Alder, Catherine
2012-06-11T09:58:23Z
2012-06-11T09:58:23Z
1953
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2717
en
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
Arabic versions of the Psalter in use in Muslim Spain
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2717/3/CatherineAlderPhDThesis.pdf
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2717/7/CatherineAlderPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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CatherineAlderPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/210032020-11-19T03:02:18Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Kennedy, Hugh (Hugh N.)
author
Dickson, Colin James
2020-11-18T09:50:08Z
2020-11-18T09:50:08Z
2000-06-22
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21003
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/6
This thesis examines the Iconography of the Caliphal Palace of Madînat
al-Zahra, and aims to provide an analysis of the inter-relationship between the
physical fabric of the Palace, and of the ceremony and cultural endeavours
which occurred within it. Having provided a brief history of the Amirs and their
contributions to the architecture of al-Andalus, and the inferences that may be
drawn from the construction of these buildings, the second chapter discusses
the physical reality of Madînat al-Zahra, using both archaeological material and source material. The third chapter provides a discussion of court ceremonial, and a discussion of its effect on the psyche of those who participated in it, as well as a comparison of three different courts ; Byzantine,
ʿAbbasid and Umayyad. The last chapter examines another facet of the
Iconography of the Palace, namely the attendant courtly culture, focusing
particularly on the Arabic literature of the milieu. A short sub-chapter follows
the fourth
chapter, in which the Hebrew literature of the Mosabh, and the
contribution of the
Sephardim to the milieu are discussed.
en
The iconography of the palace : court and court culture in Madînat al-Zahra during the 'golden' age of Umayyad al-Andalus
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/21003/1/ColinDicksonMPhilThesis.pdf
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/21003/3/ColinDicksonMPhilThesis.pdf.txt
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ColinDicksonMPhilThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27352019-03-29T16:07:14Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Kimber, R. A.
author
Omar, Ramli
2012-06-11T15:31:07Z
2012-06-11T15:31:07Z
1997
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2735
en
The Umayyad succession: succession to the Caliphate from the first Civil War to the end of the Umayyad dynasty
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2735/3/RamliOmarPhDThesis.pdf
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29592019-03-29T16:07:15Zcom_10023_1946com_10023_29com_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_1948col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Burton, John
author
Othman, Muhammad Zain bin Haji
2012-07-10T10:25:54Z
2012-07-10T10:25:54Z
1971
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2959
en
The theory, practice and administration of waqf with special reference to the Malayan state of Kedah
Thesis
TGljZW5zZSBncmFudGVkIGJ5IFRoZXNpcyBQcm9qZWN0ICgwOTEyNTI5QHJndS5hYy51aykgb24gMjAxMi0wNy0xMFQxMDoyNToyMlogKEdNVCk6CgpSZXNlYXJjaEBTdEFuZHJld3M6RnVsbFRleHQgLSBERVBPU0lUIEFHUkVFTUVOVAoKQ09WRVJFRCBXT1JLCgpJIHdvdWxkIGxpa2UgdG8gZGVwb3NpdCBteSBtYXRlcmlhbCBpbiB0aGUgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBTdCBBbmRyZXdzIERpZ2l0YWwgUmVwb3NpdG9yeSwgUmVzZWFyY2hAU3RBbmRyZXdzOkZ1bGxUZXh0LiBSZXNlYXJjaCByZWZlcnJlZCB0byBiZWxvdyBhcyAiV29yayIgaXMgY292ZXJlZCBieSB0aGlzIGFncmVlbWVudCBhbmQgd2hlbiBJIGRlcG9zaXQgbXkgV29yayBpbiB0aGUgZnV0dXJlLCB3aGV0aGVyIHBlcnNvbmFsbHkgb3IgdGhyb3VnaCBhbiBhc3Npc3RhbnQgb3Igb3RoZXIgYWdlbnQsIEkgYWdyZWUgdG8gdGhlIGZvbGxvd2luZzoKCk5PTi1FWENMVVNJVkUgUklHSFRTCgpSaWdodHMgZ3JhbnRlZCB0byB0aGUgZGlnaXRhbCByZXBvc2l0b3J5IHRocm91Z2ggdGhpcyBhZ3JlZW1lbnQgYXJlIGVudGlyZWx5IG5vbi1leGNsdXNpdmUuIEkgYW0gZnJlZSB0byBwdWJsaXNoIHRoZSBXb3JrIGluIGl0cyBwcmVzZW50IHZlcnNpb24gb3IgZnV0dXJlIHZlcnNpb25zIGVsc2V3aGVyZS4gSSBhZ3JlZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFN0IEFuZHJld3MgbWF5IGVsZWN0cm9uaWNhbGx5IHN0b3JlLCBjb3B5IG9yIHRyYW5zbGF0ZSB0aGUgV29yayB0byBhbnkgbWVkaXVtIG9yIGZvcm1hdCBmb3IgdGhlIHB1cnBvc2Ugb2YgZnV0dXJlIHByZXNlcnZhdGlvbiBhbmQgYWNjZXNzaWJpbGl0eS4gVGhlIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgU3QgQW5kcmV3cyBpcyBub3QgdW5kZXIgYW55IG9ibGlnYXRpb24gdG8gcmVwcm9kdWNlIG9yIGRpc3BsYXkgdGhlIFdvcmsgaW4gdGhlIHNhbWUgZm9ybWF0cyBvciByZXNvbHV0aW9ucyBpbiB3aGljaCBpdCB3YXMgb3JpZ2luYWxseSBkZXBvc2l0ZWQuCgpERVBPU0lUIElOIFJlc2VhcmNoQFN0QW5kcmV3czpGdWxsVGV4dAoKSSB1bmRlcnN0YW5kIHRoYXQgd29yayBkZXBvc2l0ZWQgaW4gdGhlIGRpZ2l0YWwgcmVwb3NpdG9yeSB3aWxsIGJlIGFjY2Vzc2libGUgdG8gYSB3aWRlIHZhcmlldHkgb2YgcGVvcGxlIGFuZCBpbnN0aXR1dGlvbnMgLSBpbmNsdWRpbmcgYXV0b21hdGVkIGFnZW50cyAtIHZpYSB0aGUgV29ybGQgV2lkZSBXZWIuIEFuIGVsZWN0cm9uaWMgY29weSBvZiBteSB0aGVzaXMgbWF5IGFsc28gYmUgaW5jbHVkZWQgaW4gdGhlIEJyaXRpc2ggTGlicmFyeSBFbGVjdHJvbmljIFRoZXNlcyBPbi1saW5lIFN5c3RlbSAoRVRoT1MpLgoKSSB1bmRlcnN0YW5kIHRoYXQgb25jZSB0aGUgV29yayBpcyBkZXBvc2l0ZWQsIG1ldGFkYXRhIHdpbGwgYmUgaW5jb3Jwb3JhdGVkIGludG8gcHVibGljIGFjY2VzcyBjYXRhbG9ndWVzIGFuZCBhIGNpdGF0aW9uIHRvIHRoZSBXb3JrIHdpbGwgYWx3YXlzIHJlbWFpbiB2aXNpYmxlLCBhbHRob3VnaCB0aGUgYXV0aG9yIHJldGFpbnMgdGhlIHJpZ2h0IHRvIHVwZGF0ZSB0aGUgV29yay4gUmVtb3ZhbCBvZiB0aGUgaXRlbSBjYW4gYmUgbWFkZSBhZnRlciBkaXNjdXNzaW9uIHdpdGggdGhlIGRpZ2l0YWwgcmVwb3NpdG9yeSBhZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9ycy4KCgpJIEFHUkVFIEFTIEZPTExPV1M6CgotIFRoYXQgSSBoYXZlIHRoZSBhdXRob3JpdHkgb2YgdGhlIGF1dGhvcnMgdG8gbWFrZSB0aGlzIGFncmVlbWVudCwgYW5kIHRvIGhlcmVieSBnaXZlIHRoZSBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFN0IEFuZHJld3MgdGhlIHJpZ2h0IHRvIG1ha2UgYXZhaWxhYmxlIHRoZSBXb3JrIGluIHRoZSB3YXkgZGVzY3JpYmVkIGFib3ZlLgoKLSBUaGF0IEkgaGF2ZSBleGVyY2lzZWQgcmVhc29uYWJsZSBjYXJlIHRvIGVuc3VyZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBXb3JrIGlzIG9yaWdpbmFsLCBhbmQgZG9lcyBub3QgdG8gdGhlIGJlc3Qgb2YgbXkga25vd2xlZGdlIGJyZWFrIGFueSBVSyBsYXcgb3IgaW5mcmluZ2UgYW55IHRoaXJkIHBhcnR5J3MgY29weXJpZ2h0IG9yIG90aGVyIEludGVsbGVjdHVhbCBQcm9wZXJ0eSBSaWdodC4KCi0gU3QgQW5kcmV3cyByZXBvc2l0b3J5IGFkbWluaXN0cmF0b3JzIGRvIG5vdCBob2xkIGFueSBvYmxpZ2F0aW9uIHRvIHRha2UgbGVnYWwgYWN0aW9uIG9uIGJlaGFsZiBvZiB0aGUgRGVwb3NpdG9yLCBvciBvdGhlciByaWdodHMgaG9sZGVycywgaW4gdGhlIGV2ZW50IG9mIGJyZWFjaCBvZiBpbnRlbGxlY3R1YWwgcHJvcGVydHkgcmlnaHRzLCBvciBhbnkgb3RoZXIgcmlnaHQsIGluIHRoZSBtYXRlcmlhbCBkZXBvc2l0ZWQuCgoK
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2959/3/MuhammadZainbinHajiOthmanPhDThesis.pdf
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/214152023-04-18T02:02:45Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Ansari, Ali M.
author
Robinson, Heather MacLeod
2021-02-11T19:02:14Z
2021-02-11T19:02:14Z
2020-07-30
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21415
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/21
This dissertation provides an in-depth historical analysis of the motivations and actions
surrounding Iran’s foreign policy toward Afghanistan in the modern era. The need for
this research stems from a significant gap in Western scholarship on the Iranian-Afghan
relationship that accounts for any period of the countries’ interactions in detail. It is
argued here that despite rhetoric to the contrary, successive Iranian governments
consistently pursued policies of political, military, and economic interference in
Afghanistan as an integral part of Iran’s desire to achieve a dominant position of
leadership in its region. This persistent approach has been grounded in both the historical
experience and the mythology surrounding Iran’s once-great status as an empire, which
was destroyed by the Afghans and the great powers during the colonial period, and the
resultant Iranian irredentism toward Afghanistan that followed. In analysing the course of
Iran’s policy toward Afghanistan, a defining feature is that it has never been divorced
from Iran’s competition against the great powers that have continuously been involved in
Afghanistan and the region. This work first provides a long-view historical context of the
Iranian-Afghan relationship, which demonstrates that since Afghanistan separated from
the Persian Empire in 1747, Afghanistan held an important place of relevance in the
perpetuation of myths that underpin the persistent ideology of Iranian nationalism, which
manifest in an Iranian foreign policy of interventionism toward Afghanistan. This,
combined with the continued strategic importance of Afghanistan to the great powers and
their encroachment on Iran and Afghanistan, heavily influenced Iran’s foreign policy
toward Afghanistan. During the Cold War, Iran used the power gained from aligning
with the United States to develop political, economic, and military dominance over
Afghanistan and leveraged that to successfully attain regional leadership separate from
the United States and in competition with the Soviet Union. When the Islamic Republic
was created in 1979, despite its ideological and structural differences from previous
Iranian regimes, the policy toward Afghanistan and its importance to Iran’s wider foreign
policy aims, were consistent with previous regimes’ motivations. This regime’s ‘export’
of Iran’s Islamic revolutionary influence to different Afghan polities during the Soviet
occupation was a religious manifestation of the same Iranian nationalist ideology that
was primarily concerned with advancing Iran’s regional position in competition with the
Soviet Union and the United States.
en
Iran's role in Afghanistan in the modern era : leveraging influence for regional supremacy
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/21415/2/Heather-Robinson-PhD-Thesis.pdf
File
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Heather-Robinson-PhD-Thesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/21415/3/Heather-Robinson-PhD-Thesis.pdf.txt
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Heather-Robinson-PhD-Thesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/28402019-03-29T16:07:16Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Bosworth, C. F.
author
Al-Adhami, Awad Majid
2012-06-22T15:14:46Z
2012-06-22T15:14:46Z
1963
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2840
This thesis is an attempt to introduce the governor of to-day to the work of their earliest predecessors, in the belief that it will prove to be, if not always an example, at least of considerable relevance to the problems of modern administration. The purpose of the thesis is to construct a history of the governorship (al-wilaya) and the governors (al-wulat).
en
The rôle of the Arab provincial governors in early Islam
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2840/3/AMal-AdhamiPhDThesis.pdf
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AMal-AdhamiPhDThesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2840/4/AMal-AdhamiPhDThesis.pdf.txt
File
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text/plain
AMal-AdhamiPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/258182023-11-20T11:10:07Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Peacock, A. C. S. (Andrew C. S.)
advisor
Fedeli, Alba
author
Halaseh, Rami Hussein
2022-08-11T09:00:17Z
2022-08-11T09:00:17Z
2022-06-16
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25818
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/191
Abstract redacted
en
The Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Qurʾān manuscript H.S. 32 : its history, text, and variants
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/25818/3/Thesis-Rami-Hussein-Halaseh-complete-version.pdf
File
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Thesis-Rami-Hussein-Halaseh-complete-version.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/25818/4/Thesis-Rami-Hussein-Halaseh-complete-version.pdf.txt
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Thesis-Rami-Hussein-Halaseh-complete-version.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/156752022-05-17T11:34:25Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Ansari, Ali M.
author
Blout, E. L.
2018-07-24T10:40:15Z
2018-07-24T10:40:15Z
2016
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15675
en
Title redacted
Thesis
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
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29662019-03-29T16:07:17Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Kimber, R. A.
author
Tahtooh, Hussain Ali
2012-07-10T15:08:34Z
2012-07-10T15:08:34Z
1987
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2966
The present work is mainly concerned with the commercial
relations between the Arab world and India in the 3rd and 4th / 9th
and 10th centuries.
The thesis consists of an Introduction and five chapters.
The introduction contains a brief survey of the historical background
to the Arab-Indian trade links In the period prior to the period of the
research. lt also includes the reasons for choosing the subject,
and the difficulties with which the research was faced. The
introduction also contains the methods of the research and a study
of the main sources.
Chapter One deals with the Arab provinces, the main kingdoms
of India, the political situation in the Arab world and India, and its
effects on the subject. It also deals with the main economic products
in the countries concerned. Moreover, the chapter focuses on the
factors which encouraged the Arab-Indian trade.
Chapter Two deals with the trade routes (Land and Sea routes),
the caravans, ships, the sea ports and the commercial cities in the
Arab world and India.
Chapter Three deals with the trade procedures between the
Arab world and India. It also deals with the taxes levied in ports
and some land posts. The chapter ends by giving some details of the
prices of
of goods in both countries.
Chapter Four gives a detailed account of goods exported
and imported by both sides, and the real causes behind the export
and import of these goods. The chapter also gives an account of
how sometimes goods are imported by one side from the other in
order to meet the local demands or to be exported in a process of
trading nn a world wide scale.
Chapter Five deals with a conclusion of what has been
discussed earlier, in addition to some cultural aspects which have
not been dealt with in the chapters above.
en
Commercial relations between the Arab world and India (3rd and 4th/9th and 10th centuries)
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2966/3/HussainAliTahtoohPhDThesis.pdf
File
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HussainAliTahtoohPhDThesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2966/4/HussainAliTahtoohPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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HussainAliTahtoohPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/156722019-04-19T13:44:49Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Greenwood, Tim
author
Carey, James
2018-07-24T10:07:38Z
2018-07-24T10:07:38Z
2016
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15672
en
Title redacted
Thesis
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
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/134372019-03-29T16:07:22Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
author
Cubert, Harold M.
2018-05-22T08:43:51Z
2018-05-22T08:43:51Z
1995-07
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13437
The PFLP represents a violent Marxist trend among Palestinian political organizations. It is uncompromisingly hostile toward Israel, the industrialized West and the West's regional allies, and rejects any settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict which does not entail both Israel's elimination and the establishment of an independent Palestinian state on all land it claims as Palestine. Until this occurs, the PFLP remains committed to armed conflict with its enemies. This study attempts to explain the PFLP's lagging position within the Palestinian national movement by comparing its policies with Fatah's. Unlike the PFLP, Fatah's overriding concern was to establish a Palestinian authority on any portion of 'liberated land' and consider the question of Israel's existence later. Fatah's selection of supporters was never conditioned upon ideological compatibility. It formed coalitions with all interested parties and accepted assistance from all willing providers. Most importantly, Fatah - as the PLO's dominant faction - transformed itself from an underground group to a quasi-government with diplomatic status and later, to leadership of the PNA in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Fatah's flexibility enabled it to survive regional and global changes. In the unipolar international order which followed the Soviet bloc's collapse in 1991, the PLO courted the United States and its allies, participated in the Arab-Israeli peace process, and was rewarded with authority over part of the Palestinian 'homeland'. The PFLP, spurning change, refused to act likewise. From its Damascus headquarters, it can currently do nothing without the Syrian government's approval and Syria, on the verge of a peace agreement with Israel, is unlikely to allow its protege to do more than issue statements. Only an imaginative and bold move by the PFLP, at this point, can restore the organization's prestige among its constituents and notoriety among its enemies.
en
The PFLP's changing role in the Middle East
Thesis
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
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/13437/2/HaroldCubertPhDThesis.pdf
File
MD5
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HaroldCubertPhDThesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/13437/3/HaroldCubertPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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HaroldCubertPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/28312019-03-29T16:07:22Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25com_10023_120com_10023_30col_10023_79col_10023_122
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Holy, Ladislav
author
Eltom, Abdullahi Osman
2012-06-20T15:46:49Z
2012-06-20T15:46:49Z
1984
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2831
The thesis examines the use of traditional literacy promulgated
by the Koranic schools among the Berti in the Northern Darfur
Province of the Republic of the Sudan. This literacy is restricted
both in the scope of its use as well as in its social distribution,
which remains limited to religious specialists - fakis. Instead of
leading to a change in the traditional mode of thought, Berti
literacy contributes considerably to maintaining the homeostatic
tendency supposedly characteristic of oral societies.
Literacy plays an important role in the Berti religious life.
The words of God contained in the Koran and other books widely used
by the fakis are considered to be sacred, and an important aspect of
Berti religion is their internalisation in the form of memorisation,
drinking of erasure and the retaining of amulets (hijbat). The
repetition of sacred words is used as a means of invoking God in
communal rituals and the rites of passage. Literacy underlies book
divination practised by the fakis and its literate origin is the
ultimate sanction of sand divination which is primarily practised by
the illiterate Berti.
In their use of the sacred words in healing, divination,
communal rituals, rites of passage and the preparation of amulets
and erasure, Berti fakis impose their own meaning on the Koranic
text which differs considerably from its theological meaning.
The thesis includes translation and analysis of over 50
original texts pertaining to erasure writing, amulets, book
divination and communal rituals. Photocopies of 25 original amulets
are presented in the thesis and the majority of them are translated
and commented upon.
en
Religious men and literacy in Berti society
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2831/3/AbdullahiOsmanEltomPhDThesis.pdf
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AbdullahiOsmanEltomPhDThesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2831/4/AbdullahiOsmanEltomPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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AbdullahiOsmanEltomPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27392019-03-29T16:07:23Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Burton, John
author
Hodsdon, James Dennis
2012-06-12T08:21:44Z
2012-06-12T08:21:44Z
1972
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2739
As is well-known, fasting is one of the 'Pillars of Islam'. It
might therefore be expected that as such, it would already have been
extensively investigated. But this is not the case, for, besides the
many minor points of interest which still require elucidation, it
is not an exaggeration to say that even the broadest facts about the
beginnings and early development of the Islamic fast have not hitherto
been conclusively established.
Theoretically, the fast is based in the Quran, yet part of the
relevant section in the Quran is consciously ignored by most Muslims,
while many of their conceptions as regards the rest are at best
ill-founded. It should be stressed from the outset that there is
no intention here of implying any conscious perversion in this; the
reasons underlying the Muslim view of the fast are expounded later.
en
The Islamic fast
Thesis
TGljZW5zZSBncmFudGVkIGJ5IEt5bGUgQnJhZHkgKDA5MTI1MjlAcmd1LmFjLnVrKSBvbiAyMDEwLTA0LTI5VDE1OjEwOjE0WiAoR01UKToKClVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgU3QgQW5kcmV3cyBEaWdpdGFsIFJlc2VhcmNoIFJlcG9zaXRvcnkgLSBERVBPU0lUIEFHUkVFTUVOVAoKQ09WRVJFRCBXT1JLCgpJIHdvdWxkIGxpa2UgdG8gZGVwb3NpdCBteSBtYXRlcmlhbCBpbiB0aGUgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBTdCBBbmRyZXdzIERpZ2l0YWwgUmVwb3NpdG9yeS4KUmVzZWFyY2ggcmVmZXJyZWQgdG8gYmVsb3cgYXMgIldvcmsiIGlzIGNvdmVyZWQgYnkgdGhpcyBhZ3JlZW1lbnQgYW5kIHdoZW4gSSBkZXBvc2l0IG15CldvcmsgaW4gdGhlIGZ1dHVyZSwgd2hldGhlciBwZXJzb25hbGx5IG9yIHRocm91Z2ggYW4gYXNzaXN0YW50IG9yIG90aGVyIGFnZW50LCBJIGFncmVlCnRvIHRoZSBmb2xsb3dpbmc6CgoKTk9OLUVYQ0xVU0lWRSBSSUdIVFMKClJpZ2h0cyBncmFudGVkIHRvIHRoZSBkaWdpdGFsIHJlcG9zaXRvcnkgdGhyb3VnaCB0aGlzIGFncmVlbWVudCBhcmUgZW50aXJlbHkgbm9uLWV4Y2x1c2l2ZS4KSSBhbSBmcmVlIHRvIHB1Ymxpc2ggdGhlIFdvcmsgaW4gaXRzIHByZXNlbnQgdmVyc2lvbiBvciBmdXR1cmUgdmVyc2lvbnMgZWxzZXdoZXJlLiAKSSBhZ3JlZSB0aGF0IHRoZSBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFN0IEFuZHJld3MgbWF5IGVsZWN0cm9uaWNhbGx5IHN0b3JlLCBjb3B5IG9yIHRyYW5zbGF0ZQp0aGUgV29yayB0byBhbnkgbWVkaXVtIG9yIGZvcm1hdCBmb3IgdGhlIHB1cnBvc2Ugb2YgZnV0dXJlIHByZXNlcnZhdGlvbiBhbmQgYWNjZXNzaWJpbGl0eS4gClRoZSBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFN0IEFuZHJld3MgaXMgbm90IHVuZGVyIGFueSBvYmxpZ2F0aW9uIHRvIHJlcHJvZHVjZSBvciBkaXNwbGF5IHRoZSBXb3JrIAppbiB0aGUgc2FtZSBmb3JtYXRzIG9yIHJlc29sdXRpb25zIGluIHdoaWNoIGl0IHdhcyBvcmlnaW5hbGx5IGRlcG9zaXRlZC4KCgpERVBPU0lUIElOIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgU3QgQW5kcmV3cyBEaWdpdGFsIFJlc2VhcmNoIFJlcG9zaXRvcnkKCkkgdW5kZXJzdGFuZCB0aGF0IHdvcmsgZGVwb3NpdGVkIGluIHRoZSBkaWdpdGFsIHJlcG9zaXRvcnkgd2lsbCBiZSBhY2Nlc3NpYmxlIHRvIGEgd2lkZSAKdmFyaWV0eSBvZiBwZW9wbGUgYW5kIGluc3RpdHV0aW9ucyAtIGluY2x1ZGluZyBhdXRvbWF0ZWQgYWdlbnRzIC0gdmlhIHRoZSBXb3JsZCBXaWRlIFdlYi4KCkkgdW5kZXJzdGFuZCB0aGF0IG9uY2UgdGhlIFdvcmsgaXMgZGVwb3NpdGVkLCBtZXRhZGF0YSB3aWxsIGJlIGluY29ycG9yYXRlZCBpbnRvIHB1YmxpYyAKYWNjZXNzIGNhdGFsb2d1ZXMgYW5kIGEgY2l0YXRpb24gdG8gdGhlIFdvcmsgd2lsbCBhbHdheXMgcmVtYWluIHZpc2libGUsIGFsdGhvdWdoIHRoZSAKYXV0aG9yIHJldGFpbnMgdGhlIHJpZ2h0IHRvIHVwZGF0ZSB0aGUgV29yay4gUmVtb3ZhbCBvZiB0aGUgaXRlbSBjYW4gYmUgbWFkZSBhZnRlciAKZGlzY3Vzc2lvbiB3aXRoIHRoZSBkaWdpdGFsIHJlcG9zaXRvcnkgYWRtaW5pc3RyYXRvcnMuCgpERVBPU0lUIElOIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgU3QgQW5kcmV3cyBEaWdpdGFsIFJlc2VhcmNoIFJlcG9zdGl0b3J5CgpJIHVuZGVyc3RhbmQgdGhhdCB3b3JrIGRlcG9zaXRlZCBpbiB0aGUgZGlnaXRhbCByZXBvc2l0b3J5IHdpbGwgYmUgYWNjZXNzaWJsZSB0byBhIHdpZGUKdmFyaWV0eSBvZiBwZW9wbGUgYW5kIGluc3RpdHV0aW9ucyAtIGluY2x1ZGluZyBhdXRvbWF0ZWQgYWdlbnRzIC0gdmlhIHRoZSBXb3JsZCBXaWRlIFdlYi4KQW4gZWxlY3Ryb25pYyBjb3B5IG9mIG15IHRoZXNpcyBtYXkgYWxzbyBiZSBpbmNsdWRlZCBpbiB0aGUgQnJpdGlzaCBMaWJyYXJ5IEVsZWN0cm9uaWMKVGhlc2VzIE9uLWxpbmUgU3lzdGVtIChFVGhPUykuCgpJIHVuZGVyc3RhbmQgdGhhdCBvbmNlIHRoZSBXb3JrIGlzIGRlcG9zaXRlZCwgbWV0YWRhdGEgd2lsbCBiZSBpbmNvcnBvcmF0ZWQgaW50byBwdWJsaWMKYWNjZXNzIGNhdGFsb2d1ZXMgYW5kIGEgY2l0YXRpb24gdG8gdGhlIFdvcmsgd2lsbCBhbHdheXMgcmVtYWluIHZpc2libGUsIGFsdGhvdWdoIHRoZQphdXRob3IgcmV0YWlucyB0aGUgcmlnaHQgdG8gdXBkYXRlIHRoZSBXb3JrLiBSZW1vdmFsIG9mIHRoZSBpdGVtIGNhbiBiZSBtYWRlIGFmdGVyCmRpc2N1c3Npb24gd2l0aCB0aGUgZGlnaXRhbCByZXBvc2l0b3J5IGFkbWluaXN0cmF0b3JzLgoKCgpJIEFHUkVFIEFTIEZPTExPV1M6CgotIFRoYXQgSSBoYXZlIHRoZSBhdXRob3JpdHkgb2YgdGhlIGF1dGhvcnMgdG8gbWFrZSB0aGlzIGFncmVlbWVudCwgYW5kIHRvIGhlcmVieSBnaXZlIAp0aGUgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBTdCBBbmRyZXdzIHRoZSByaWdodCB0byBtYWtlIGF2YWlsYWJsZSB0aGUgV29yayBpbiB0aGUgd2F5IGRlc2NyaWJlZCAKYWJvdmUuCgotIFRoYXQgSSBoYXZlIGV4ZXJjaXNlZCByZWFzb25hYmxlIGNhcmUgdG8gZW5zdXJlIHRoYXQgdGhlIFdvcmsgaXMgb3JpZ2luYWwsIGFuZCBkb2VzIApub3QgdG8gdGhlIGJlc3Qgb2YgbXkga25vd2xlZGdlIGJyZWFrIGFueSBVSyBsYXcgb3IgaW5mcmluZ2UgYW55IHRoaXJkIHBhcnR5J3MgY29weXJpZ2h0Cm9yIG90aGVyIEludGVsbGVjdHVhbCBQcm9wZXJ0eSBSaWdodC4gCgotIFN0IEFuZHJld3MgUmVwb3NpdG9yeSBBZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9ycyBkbyBub3QgaG9sZCBhbnkgb2JsaWdhdGlvbiB0byB0YWtlIGxlZ2FsIGFjdGlvbiAKb24gYmVoYWxmIG9mIHRoZSBEZXBvc2l0b3IsIG9yIG90aGVyIHJpZ2h0cyBob2xkZXJzLCBpbiB0aGUgZXZlbnQgb2YgYnJlYWNoIG9mIAppbnRlbGxlY3R1YWwgcHJvcGVydHkgcmlnaHRzLCBvciBhbnkgb3RoZXIgcmlnaHQsIGluIHRoZSBtYXRlcmlhbCBkZXBvc2l0ZWQuCgo=
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2739/3/JamesDHodsdonPhDThesis.pdf
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URL
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JamesDHodsdonPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/153002019-03-29T16:07:30Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Burton, John
author
el Mawi, Fouad Mohamed
2018-07-12T11:06:14Z
2018-07-12T11:06:14Z
1970-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15300
en
The histories of Ottoman in Egypt attributed to Abu al-Surur al-Bakri : an edition of the texts and an examination of the question of authorship and a comparison with the other contemporary sources
Thesis
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
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/15300/2/FouadMohamedelMawiPhDThesis.pdf
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URL
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FouadMohamedelMawiPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/184382023-04-21T02:06:41Zcom_10023_74com_10023_25com_10023_75col_10023_77col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Peacock, A. C. S. (Andrew C. S.)
advisor
Stewart, Angus Donal
advisor
Greenwood, Tim
author
Hagedorn, Jan Hinrich
sponsor
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
sponsor
Scottish Graduate School for Arts and Humanities (SGSAH)
sponsor
University of St Andrews. School of History
2019-09-09T13:45:35Z
2019-09-09T13:45:35Z
2019-12-04
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18438
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-18438
This study investigates domestic slavery in Syrian and Egyptian society from the thirteenth century to the fifteenth century. It focuses on the agency of slaves in the context of master-slave relationships within households and in wider society. It argues that the ability of slaves to shape the world around them was underpinned by a constant process of negotiation within the master-slave relationship and that intermediaries such as the court system channelled the agency of slaves. The principal sources for this study are purchase contracts, listening certificates, marriage contracts, and estate inventories in combination with scribal, market inspection, and slave purchase manuals as well as chronicles.
The structure of the study broadly follows the life cycle of slaves from importation to integration, accommodation, procreation, the possibility of manumission, and death. The first chapter investigates the topography and the commercial practices of slave markets, where owners chose slaves and initiated a deeply unequal personal bond which assigned a new function and identity to newly imported slaves. The second chapter provides two case studies based on manuscript collections in order to historicize and problematize the patterns set out previously. The third chapter studies the social integration of slaves and freed slaves on the basis of listening certificates. It argues that the slave population consisted mainly of imported Ethiopian and Turkish slaves who were highly integrated into urban society. The fourth chapter discusses the sexual dimension of domestic slavery by focusing on concubinage, marriage, and slave procreation. It brings together a range of documentary and legal sources to provide case studies of strategies of accommodation and resistance. The fifth chapter investigates manumission and its impact on the household dynamics of slavery. The sixth and final chapter analyses a collection of estate inventories of freed slaves and discusses the continuity of master-slave relations after manumission.
en
History
Islamic studies
Social history
Middle Ages
Middle East
Mediaeval history
Middle Eastern studies
Syria
Egypt
Mamluk
Mamluk studies
Mamluk Empire
Mamluk social history
Slavery
Slaves
Agency
Household
Manuscripts
Slave trade
Domestic slavery in Syria and Egypt, 1200-1500
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/18438/2/Jan-Hagedorn-PhD-thesis.pdf
File
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/18438/3/Jan-Hagedorn-PhD-thesis.pdf.txt
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Jan-Hagedorn-PhD-thesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/132342019-03-29T16:07:31Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Kimber, Richard
author
Osman, Amr Ali
2018-04-26T13:46:32Z
2018-04-26T13:46:32Z
2003
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13234
This study seeks to investigate the concept of the collective ta'dil of the Prophet Muhammad's Companions as presented in the Sunni sources. According to this concept, all the Companions are considered trustworthy transmitters and this is the guarantee of the preservation of the whole religion of Islam. From our examination of the early and medieval Sunni sources, it is concluded that the root of the concept goes back to the early Murji'i attitude towards the Companions, an attitude taken according to their definition of faith and the position of the grave sinner. Not only did the concept develop out of this, but it also rested on the same epistemological ground of Murji'ism; that is, certitude is the only valid basis of any attitude towards people and events. In order to block any attempt to question the original 'adala of the Companions, the Sunni scholars argued that it was confirmed by the Qur'an and the Sunna. The accounts of the early schisms do not provide certain knowledge and thus cannot annul the original and certain 'adala of the Companions. This agrees with an established rule in Sunni Hadith criticism that everyone is 'adl until proven otherwise (expressed in some Sunni schools of law as the rule of istishab). From all this, it is concluded that the Sunni sources implicitly make a distinction between the 'adala and the ta'dil of the Companions: whereas 'adala is the original state that is further confirmed by the Qur'an and the Sunna, ta'dil is the sound attitude that Muslims should take according to the rule of istishab and, to a lesser extent, according to the view that the Companions were exercising ijtihad. This means that belief in the original 'adala of the Companions is the actual Sunni doctrine. Ta'dil, which is the main object of ijma' in this issue, is an attitude based mainly on the ground of lack of certitude.
en
The concept of the collective ądāla of the Prophet Muhammad's Companions
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/13234/2/AmrOsmanMPhilThesis.pdf
File
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/13234/3/AmrOsmanMPhilThesis.pdf.txt
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/29292019-03-29T16:07:32Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Kimber, R. A.
author
Abdullah, Ismail Haji
2012-07-04T15:35:22Z
2012-07-04T15:35:22Z
1996
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2929
This thesis seeks to study in depth the
influence of Imam al-Juwayni on Imam al-Ghazali's
discussion of theology and whether or not the latter's
ideas are properly derived from the former. The first
chapter deals with an analysis of the life of both the
Imams against the background of the religious milieu of
their time. The second chapter discuss the views of the
two Imams on Ilm al-Kalam. The third chapter attempts
to compare and contrast Imam al-Juwayni's and Imam al-
Ghazali's approach to the doctrine of the origin of the
world and the existence of God. In the fourth chapter
we assess the views of the two Imams on the problem of
the attributes of God. The fifth chapter deals with the
question of human actions and free will. The final
chapter present their views on prophethood and
messengership.
While many Islamic scholars have a vague
notion that Imam al-Ghazali's ideas on theology depend
heavily upon Imam al-Juwayni, this thesis attempts to
prove that Imam al-Ghazali's theological position and
views have been greatly influenced by his teacher, Imam
al-Juwayni. This work sets out to show this in detail.
en
The influence of Imam al-Juwayni on the theology of Imam al-Ghazali
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2929/3/IsmailHajiAbdullahPhDThesis.pdf
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IsmailHajiAbdullahPhDThesis.pdf
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https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2929/4/IsmailHajiAbdullahPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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IsmailHajiAbdullahPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/153032019-03-29T16:07:36Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Harries, Jill
author
Macnaghten, A. H.
sponsor
British Academy
2018-07-12T11:36:11Z
2018-07-12T11:36:11Z
1993-07
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15303
en
Local administration in Egypt under Roman rule, fourth to sixth centuries A.D. : the element of corruption
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/15303/2/AHMacnaghtenPhDThesis.pdf
File
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AHMacnaghtenPhDThesis.pdf
URL
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AHMacnaghtenPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27132019-03-29T16:07:37Zcom_10023_1946com_10023_29com_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_1948col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Burton, John
author
Abdul Hamid bin Othman, Haji, 1939-
2012-06-11T08:59:29Z
2012-06-11T08:59:29Z
1976
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2713
This thesis deals with Shafi’i's theories on the
role in usul al-fiqh of the Qur’an and the hadith.
By detailed reference to Shifi’i’s writings, it becomes
clear that his chief concern was with the role of the sunna of
the Prophet, Islamic scholars in previous generations had referred
to a number of sources in defence of regional attitudes. Their
failure to produce a theory of sources enabled Shaf’i to charge
them with inconsistency. Certain scholars of his own generation
were apparently alleging the sufficiency of the Qur’an source.
Inter-school squabbles involving the first group of scholars represented
in Shafi’i’s view as great a threat to the overriding
importance which the party known as ahl al-hadith desired to secure
for the hadith of the Prophet as did the more direct assault of
the second group's insistence upon the primary significance of
the Qur’an source. An attempt is made to show that Shaf’i’s
source theories were constructed in response to the arguments of
both groups and were directed to the creation of a unifying principle
which would solve the problem of ikhtilaf al-muslimin while
simultaneously guaranteeing minimum disruption for the fiqh conclusions
which Shafi’i’ had espoused. Since he proposed to document
these conclusions on the basis of the sunna, Shafi’i’s
theories were designed to place the sunna beyond further scholarly
attack.
The study consists of nine chapters. Chapter one examines
Shafi’ i's intellectual life, his acquaintance with scholars
from different regions and of different schools. Chapter two
deals with the materials employed by his predecessors to document
their legal doctrines, and Shafi’i’s handling of these materials
in his efforts to systematize the sunni fiqh. Chapters three,
four and five deal with his endeavour to establish the overriding
importance for the sunni fiqh, of the sunna embodied in the hadith
of the Prophet. Chapter nine discusses his views on the isnad.
Chapters six and seven examine his endeavour to establish a necessary
connection between the Qur’an and the sunna, and the resultant
subjection of the qur’an to the sunna by means of the Shafi’i
theory of bayan and exclusion (takhsis). Chapter eight deals with
his views on qiyas, the only form of legal reasoning of which he
approved, and the resultant curtailing of independent legal reasoning
and, thereby, of the development of the fiqh.
en
Shāfiʻī and the interpretation of the role of the Qurʾān and the Ḥadīth
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2713/3/AHBHOthmanPhDThesis.pdf
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AHBHOthmanPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/27482019-03-29T16:07:38Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Burton, John
author
Hassan, Abdul Jalil Bin Haji
2012-06-12T14:07:49Z
2012-06-12T14:07:49Z
1969
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2748
It is generally understood that nearly all Malay
Muslims in the Malay Peninsula are followers of the
school of al-Imäm al-Shäfi'i in the field of Islamic
Firth or Law. Fiqh is the science of the knowledge of one's rights
and obligations as derived from the Qur'än or the
Tradition of the Prophet Muhammad, or deduced
There from, or about which the Muslim learned have
agreed.
The influence of this school of Law (al-madhhab)
seems to have gained its ground in the Malay Peninsula
following the successful introduction of the religion
of Islam.
So, it is essential, firstly, to unveil the hidden
history of the coming of this religion to this part
of the world and to illustrate broadly, the background
of the formation of the four orthodox schools in
interpreting the Muslim Law, before dealing directly
with the Shäfi'i influence.
It seems proper to do so because the former is like
the root of a tree itself, while the latter is its
branch.
It is also possible to observe in certain of the
customary attitudes to all questions of marriage and
divorce the underlying influences of surviving native
customary principles (Adat). These will be referred
to in the course of this study whenever they have a
degree of relevancy and where material is available.
en
The influence of the Shāfi’ī school of Muslim law on marriage and divorce in the Malay Peninsula: with special reference to the State of Trengganu
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2748/3/AJBHHassanPhDThesis.pdf
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2748/4/AJBHHassanPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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AJBHHassanPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/28852019-03-29T16:07:39Zcom_10023_1946com_10023_29com_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_1948col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Jackson, D. E. P.
author
Al-Jomard, Jazeel Abdul Jabbar
2012-07-02T12:09:01Z
2012-07-02T12:09:01Z
1984
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2885
This thesis presents a critical edition of a medieval Arabic
text, which is widely known under the insufficiently attested title
"al-Ta'rikh al-Muzaffari'.. It is ascribed to a celebrated historian
and scholar of the first half of the 7th/13th century, Shihab al-Din abu
Ishaq Ibrahim b. abi al-Dam al-Hamawi al-Shafi'i (583/1187-642/1244),
40
a native and Qadi (judge) of Hamah.
The thesis consists of two parts, the introductory study and then
the text. The introductory study facilitates the understanding of the
problems the text raises and clarifies the more important issues
surrounding it.
The first chapter is intended to serve as a historical background.
A brief account, therefore, of the Ayyubid empire, together with a brief
history of Hamah, Ibn abi al-Dam's native town, is presented to shed light on the author's time.
The second chapter of the introduction is devoted to examining the
author's life. The sources concerning this part of the study are few.
Some of the author's own works are still missing, others are at present
inaccessible. From the obtainable works either printed or in MSS, a
reconstruction of the author's life and times has been made.
Sections I and 2 of the third and final chapter of the introductory
study discuss the reliability of the ascription of the work to Ibn abTal-Dam
and the controversial question of whether the title is original, and if it is
not, what other title it could have had. The rest of this chapter has
been devoted to Investigating and examining the MSS. in which the text
has been preserved and transcribed ever since the original was composed.
In the absence of the original, I have chosen the oldest and in
my opinion, the most complete of the only five surviving copies so far
identified and located. This copy, which is referred to in this thesis by
the abbreviation Bo, was written in (695/1295) by a native of Hamah, 53
years after the death of the author. All the other four are almost
definitely of a more recent date.
The second part of this thesis is the text, edited on the basis of
the oldest MS. which is preserved in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. The
text has been transcribed retaining the conventions, orthographic and
grammatical of the copyist wherever possible. Additions and
modifications have been avoided unless in their absence the sense of the
passage is obscured to the point of incomprehensibility. In these cases
other copies, A. of Alexandria Municipal Library, E. of Edinburgh University
Library, and Rand P2. of Bankipore Public Library were consulted and all
differenced between these MSS. , however minor, are shown and detailed
in the footnotes.
The text, then is supplemented by indices of towns, places,
tribes, sects and nations, which are followed by a bibliography and maps.
en
A critical edition of 'Al-ta'rīkh al-islāmī al-mukhtasar' by Shihāb al-Dīn Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn 'Abdullāh ibn Alī ibn Abī al-Dam al-Hamawī (583/1187-642/1244)
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2885/3/JazeelAbdul-JabbarAl-JomardPhDThesis.pdf
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MD5
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JazeelAbdul-JabbarAl-JomardPhDThesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2885/4/JazeelAbdul-JabbarAl-JomardPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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JazeelAbdul-JabbarAl-JomardPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/71352019-03-29T16:07:40Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Ranstorp, Magnus
author
Heristchi, Claire
2015-08-06T11:34:57Z
2015-08-06T11:34:57Z
2002
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7135
This dissertation is
concerned with the case study of
Algerian
political
Islam in the contemporary era.
The
central research
question addressed
here is two fold. First, the question of whether
political
Islam
constitutes a radical
ideological break
with the
Algerian
political
ljfeworld is
asked.
The
political
imagination
of
Algerian Islamism is
analysed
in its historical
and political contexts
to unearth areas of rupture with
dominant forms
of political
imagination, but
areas of
hybridity
and of complicity with such
formations
are also
highlighted. Thus, the main contention of this
thesis is that the discursive
relationship
between Islamist
political
formation
and that of their opponents
in the political sphere
is
complex:
Islamist political
imagination is
oppositional to the state,
but it does
not escape the discursive tools for legitimation
present
in
the existing
ljfeworld. Secondly, the consequences of this argument
for
our understanding of the Algerian Civil War
of the 199os are
addressed.
It is
argued
here that political
imagination is
one of the
key loci
where political contest
has been
played out
in the
contemporary
Algerian
setting.
The
confrontation
between the
regime and political Islam is the most up to date
example of a
struggle
for
power that necessitates the monopoly over the
legitimising tools of
history
and culture.
More importantly, this
framework
questions the notion that the state-Islamist confrontation
in
subsequent years can
be
explained
in
a
binary fashion (Good
vs.
Evil; Rational
politics vs. Irrational theocracy). In fact, this
confrontation over political power
is
consistent with existing
patterns of political competition
in
postcolonial
Algeria.
en
Political imagination and the struggle for power : Algerian Islamism as a case study
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/7135/3/ClaireHeristchiPhDThesis.pdf
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ClaireHeristchiPhDThesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/7135/4/ClaireHeristchiPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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ClaireHeristchiPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/153212019-03-29T16:07:43Zcom_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Ghul, M. A.
author
Al-ʻAsalī, Khālid Sālih
sponsor
Jāmiʻat Baghdād
sponsor
Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
2018-07-12T15:10:01Z
2018-07-12T15:10:01Z
1968-07
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15321
Although the history of South Arabia in the fifth and sixth centuries has not been studied to any great extent, the events of this period were of marked importance in the history of South Arabia in particular and of Central Arabia in general. Within this period we find the enlargement of the South Arabian kings' title, and the extension of their sovereignty over the highland of West and Central Arabia; the Abyssinian invasion of South Arabia and the semi-independent government of Abraha and his sons; and, finally, the abolition of South Arabian independence after the Persian invasion. South Arabia lost its position as the leading power in the Arabian peninsula said became a vassal province of the Persian empire. Moreover, the decline of Kinda and its migration to South Arabia created instability in Central Arabia, and indeed most of ayyām al-'arab [Days of the Arab] which we know, belongs to the period after the decline of Kinda, the vassal of South Arabia. The aim of the present work is to study this period of the history of South Arabia from the time of Abū Karib As'sad, who had the title "King of sb'/wdrydn/wḥḍrmwt/wymnt/w'rb/ṭwd/wthmt." 1. Chapter I deals with the relations of South and Central Arabia before the reign of Abū Karib As'sad; the extension of South Arabia towards the north; the eventual conquest of Kinda; the expedition of Sharafddin's Inscription towards the land of Tanūkh and Persia, at the time of Shammar Yuhar'ish; and finally the counter-attack of Shapur II, King of Persia and Imru'l-Kais. 2. Chapter II treats of the reign of Abū Karib As'sad; the enlarged title, ''rb, twd and thmt; Abū Karib in Central Arabia; the legends of Abū Karib's invasion of Irak and Central Asia, the siege of Madina, and finally his worshipping at the Ka'ba in Mecca. 3. Chapter III deals with the traditional kings after Abū Karib who have been mentioned in the inscriptions, with special reference to Hassan's expedition against Diadis, 'Abd Kulal in Arab tradition, and Ma'dikarib Ya'fur in Central Arabia. 4. Chapter IV covers the reign of the famous king Yūsuf 'As'ar, his origin, and the massacre of the Christians in South Arabia. 5. Chapter V is concerned with the Abyssinian invasion of South Arabia, the battlefield, the period of the puppet king Sumyafa Ashwa, and his end at the hand of the famous King Abraha. 6. Chapter VI deals with the most significant achievements of Abrah; the events of CIH 541; the events of Ry 506; the expedition of Ry 506 and its relation to the expedition of the elephant; the reign of Abraha's sons, Yaksūm and Masrūk; and finally the end of the Abyssinian domination of South Arabia.
en
South Arabia in the 5th and 6th centuries C.E. with reference to relations with Central Arabia
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/15321/2/KhalidSalihAl-%27AsaliPhDThesis.pdf
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KhalidSalihAl-'AsaliPhDThesis.pdf
URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/15321/3/KhalidSalihAl-%27AsaliPhDThesis.pdf.txt
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KhalidSalihAl-'AsaliPhDThesis.pdf.txt
oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/178862021-03-24T15:49:58Zcom_10023_306com_10023_39com_10023_75com_10023_25com_10023_80col_10023_307col_10023_79col_10023_82
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Ansari, Ali M.
author
Hopkins, Philip O
2019-06-14T08:21:51Z
2019-06-14T08:21:51Z
2019-06-27
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17886
https://doi.org/10.17630/10023-17886
This thesis studied the interaction of American Protestant missionaries with Iranians during
the 1960s and 1970s. It focused on the missionary activities of four American Protestant
groups: Presbyterians, Assemblies of God, International Missions, and Southern Baptists.
It argued that American missionaries’ predisposition toward their own culture confused
their message of the gospel and added to the negative perception of Christianity among
Iranians. This bias was seen primarily in the American missionaries’ desire to modernise
Iran through education and healthcare, and between the missionaries’ relationship with
Iranian Christians. Iranian attitudes towards missionary involvement in these areas were
investigated, as was the changing American missionary strategy from a traditional method
where missionaries had final say on most matters related to American and Iranian Christian
interaction to the beginnings of an indigenous system where a partnership developed
between the missionary and the Iranian Christian. Freedoms that American missionaries
were given under Mohammed Reza Shah to be overt in their evangelistic and discipleship
activities, and details of the amount of Christian material propagated, were investigated. As
missionaries eventually withdrew from Iran’s education and healthcare systems, more
opportunities to be involved in Christian and Western activities were given to Iranian
Christians. Finally, the state of the Iranian Church after 1979, when American missionaries
were expelled from the country, was contrasted with the Iranian Church during the Pahlavi
era. This section explained that while Iranian Christians were thankful for American
missionaries, they were also resentful because Iranian Christians wanted Christianity to fit
better within Iranian accepted norms and practices.
en
Can I play with madness : American missionaries in Iran during the 1960s and 1970s
Thesis
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oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/26682019-03-29T16:07:43Zcom_10023_1946com_10023_29com_10023_75com_10023_25col_10023_1948col_10023_79
St Andrews Research Repository
advisor
Burton, John
author
Abd El Aal, Nour Hoda Hasan
2012-06-06T14:25:26Z
2012-06-06T14:25:26Z
1970
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2668
en
Jews in Yemen in 17th-19th century according to Hebrew sources with comparison with Arabi Yamani sources
Thesis
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URL
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/2668/3/NEHHAbdElAalPhDThesis.pdf
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NEHHAbdElAalPhDThesis.pdf.txt